TCXD 204 1998

Tiu chun xy dng tcvn 204 : 1998

Bo v cng trnh xy dng Phng chng mi cho cng trnh xy dng mi Protection of buildings Prevention and protection from subterranean termites for building under construction 1. Phm vi v lnh vc p dng

Tiu chun p dng cho nh v cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip, nng nghip, tr cc cng trnh p v cy trng, c s dng vt liu gc xenlul lm trang tr trong v ngoi nh hoc lm kt cu chu lc, hoc c cha, l|u tr tr|ng by cc loi vt liu, t| liu, thnh phm c gc xenlul.

Tiu chun |a ra cc yu cu bin php phng chng mi ngay t khu kho st thit k, thi cng xy dng mi hoc thi cng xy dng ci to. Tiu chun ny khng bao gm bin php x l i vi nh, cng trnh ang s dng b mi ph hoi.

i t|ng cn x l ch yu: cc loi mi t (subterranean termites) v mt s con trng hi g khc nh| mi g kh, mt cnh cng.

2. Phn loi yu cu phng chng mi bo v cng trnh c cc gii php phng chng mi ph hp vi cht l|ng s dng, cht l|ng xy dng v iu kin kinh t cho php, yu cu phng chng mi cho nh v cng trnh |c chia thnh 4 loi sau y:

tng, cng trnh c nin hn s dng trn 100 nm nh| cc nh bo tng, th| vin, l|u tr, c quan, vn phng, cng trnh vn ho lch s, nh sn xut, nh kho c cha hoc s dng cc thnh phm qu him c b phn gc xenlul.

Loi B Yu cu phng chng mi kh, cho cc cng trnh c nin hn s dng trn 50 nm nh| cc c quan, vn phng, khch sn, ca hng, nh k thut th nghim, tr|ng hc, bnh vin.

Loi C Yu cu phng chng mi trung bnh cho cng trnh cho cng trnh c nin hn s dng trn 20 nm, nh t tng xy dng vng c mi hot ng.

Loi D Yu cu phng chng mi thp cho cc nh, cc cng trnh t quan trng xy dng vng a l khng c mi hot ng nh| nh sn xut, nh kho lm bng cc vt liu kt cu khng c gc xenlul. Nha c cha hoc s dng, gia cng cc vt liu thnh phm khng c gc xenlul.

thit k v khi cng xy dng. Loi C l loi c th xem xt cn nhc p dng mt phn cc bin php chng mi nh|ng ch yu phi x l ho cht chng mi cho cc b phn kt cu, b phn trang tr v h thng ca bng g. Loi D l loi khng p dng ngay cc bin php phng chng mi trong khi thit k, thi cng xy dng.

3. Kho st pht hin mi, thit k phng chng mi. 3.1. Vic kho st pht hin mi cho cc cng trnh thuc loi A, B, C phi do cc k s|

chuyn ngnh ph trch hoc t nht l k thut vin bc 4 v bo qun g c hiu bit y v sinh hc ca mi, bit xc nh loi gy hi ch yu i vi cng

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trnh hin trng trn khu t v nhn bit tnh trng mi hot ng trong khu vc k cn, nh| h|ng dn trong ph lc A.

3.2. Khi kim tra phi xem xt k cc nh hin trng cng trn khu t c iu kin a l t|ng t nh| cc v tr chn t|ng, cc gc t|ng, cc b phn trang tr nh| trn g, t|ng p bng g, cc khung ca s, ca i bng g, c bit l tng trt v tng hm nu c, ng thi kim tra cc cy v cc v tr kh nng c t mi trn khu t. Trong tr|ng hp c nh c s ph d khi cng trnh xy dng nh mi, phi kho st thit k phng chng mi tr|c lc ph d t nht mt thng kp thc hin mt phn cc cng vic dit mi c lin quan.

1. Cc loi mi ch yu ang hot ng trn khu t, tn ging v loi mi c th,

km theo cc tiu bn v mi lnh, mi th, mi cnh, s nhng ni mi hot ng, nhng nghi vn ni c th c mi kim tra tip, k c ni c th c t mi.

2. Cc b phn kt cu (ct, ko, x g) b phn trang tr (trn g, t|ng p bng g, tre) v cc khung ca i, ca s bng g, nh gi mc h| hi do mi v cc cn trng khc ph hoi.

3. c im ca lp t nn, dc, thm dung dch, tnh hnh thot n|c trn khu t, v tr khu t c lin quan n ngun n|c mt gn nu c.

3.4. Thit k phng chng mi cho cc loi nh A, B, C tu mc khc nhau, nh|ng phi bao gm:

1. Bo co tnh hnh mi ph hoi.

v rc c gc xenlul.

3. Phng chng bng ph|ng php khng dng ho cht.

4. Phng chng bng ho cht.

5. X l chng mi cho cc b phn bng g.

6. D kin k hoch v thi im thc hin cc cng vic phng v dit mi tr|c khi khi cng ph d v k hoch thc hin thi cng phng chng mi kt hp vi thi cng xy dng, nht l ti cc thi im thi cng mng t|ng, mng nn nh tng trt hoc tng hm nu c.

7. S mt bng t|ng mng cng trnh, cc |ng k thut ngm i vo nh (ng cp n|c, thot n|c, cc |ng cp in i ngm), v tr cc ho ngn mi, lp cch li mt nn v mt mng t|ng, lp cch li trn cc ct v.v V tr cc l |ng ng v |ng cp i qua nn nh ln cc tng v v tr cc |ng ng

8. D ton kinh ph thc hin cc bin php phng chng mi.

3.5. Nh loi A hoc B phi c thit k san nn v thc hin thi cng san nn cho ton khu t tr|c khi khi cng xy dng cng trnh chnh, m bo thot n|c m|a v n|c thi, khng ni no b ng n|c cc b, cc rnh hoc ng thot n|c trn ton tuyn phi c dc chung khng nh hn 0,5%.

4. Phng chng mi bng cc ph|ng php khng dng ho cht 4.1. i vi tt c cc loi cng trnh (k c loi D)


a. Khi thi cng mng phi ly ht cc tm van khun, khng st li cc mnh vn hoc g vn, giy bao xi mng xung quanh mng, cc khen ln hoc khe co dn ca cc t|ng. Cc khe gia cc t|ng i hoc ct i ca hai n nguyn nu b tng ti ch phi dng cc vt liu khng c gc xenlul chn (nh| tm va c|ng thp, cht do v.v), phng khi khng ly ra |c s khng to thnh ni tr ng v |ng i ca mi thm nhp ln cc tng. Khi khng c cc tm kim loi trn, c th dng vn g mm nh|ng phi x l ngm tm k tr|c khi dng.

b. Khi c dng g, tre lm kt cu chu lc hoc lm cc b phn trang tr, lm ca

Nu l g thuc nhm cn x l bo qun (xem ph lc B) th thnh phm sau khi gia cng, tr|c khi sn hoc vecni, phi |c x l thuc chng mi mt. Trong tr|ng hp c ct, gt gia cng thm th cc b phn phi |c x l b sung. Nu g thuc nhm khng cn x l bo qun (xem ph lc B), nh|ng c cc thanh hoc tm c ln rc th cc thanh hoc tm phi |c x l nh| g thuc nhm cn x l bo qun. Trong tr|ng hp g thuc nhm khng cn x l bo qun nh|ng dng nhng ni th|ng b m |t cng phi |c x l bo qun.

4.2. i vi nhng loi nh C, ngoi yu cu 4.1, trn ton b mt t|ng mng v ton b mt nn nh (tc trn lp gch v m cht, d|i lp va lt nn nh tng trt hoc tng hm nu c) phi ti kn u mt lp va xi mng ct vng c c|ng khng nh hn 100 vi chiu dy khng nh hn 30mm, ng thi phi trt mt khong cao t mt nn nh ti bu ca s tng trt pha mt trong v mt ngoi

trong t|ng.

4.3. i vi nh loi B, ngoi cc yu cu nu im 4.1 v 4.2. a. Phi tng c|ng thm mt lp b tng dm c c|ng khng nh hn 200,

vi chiu dy khng nh hn 70mm tri kn u trn lp va xi mng ct vng v nu im 4.2.

b. Nhng ni c |ng cp hoc |ng k thut ngm i ln mt nn phi t trong on ng cng, bn trong on ng cng phi kn bng va bi tum nng. Khi thi cng nn tng trt hoc tng hm nu c, phi m bo chn va b tng t|i kn khp xung quanh cc loi |ng ng i qua nn.

c. Ti cc chn khung ca ca tng trt, khi chn xung t nn phi m bo c lp b tng bao kn xung quanh v bn d|i chn khung cho ti ct khng ca mt nn, vi chiu dy ca lp khng nh hn 50mm. Tr|ng hp c iu kin nn s dng bng cc thp khng g c chiu dy ti thiu 1mm, chiu cao

xy sau khi nh v khung ca.

4.4. i vi nh loi A ngoi cc yu cu nu iu 4.4, 4.2, 4.3b v 4.3c: a. Phi thit k loi nh sn c tng chn ct trng hon ton. Tng chn ct

phi c chiu cao thng thong k t mt nn xi mng ct vng n mt d|i ca kt cu sn khng nh hn 0,8m c th ti kim tra mi im d|i nn nh. Trong tr|ng hp c iu kin nn lm chiu cao tng chn ct t 1,7m n 3m c th lui ti kim tra d dng hn.

b. Trong tr|ng hp khng th lm nh sn trng chn ct, m phi s dng tng trt, cng nh| tr|ng hp phi thit k s dng tng hm, th phi tng c|ng lp


cch li bng b tng c ct liu granit vi chiu dy ng u 70mm cho ton b sn tng trt, hoc cho ton b sn tng hm v t|ng tng hm (phn chm d|i mt t c kt cu bn ngoi tip xc vi t nn, khi c s dng mt hoc nhiu tng hm).

Quy cch ca ct liu granit dng cho b tng ny nh| sau:

- ng nht v c ht vi |ng knh 2,7 1,7mm, sch, 100% lt qua c sng 2,4mm, v d|i 10% lt qua c sng 1,18mm.

- T trng ti thiu 2,6

c. Lp trt mt trong tng hm, cng nh| lp trt mt trong v mt ngoi tng trt phi dng va xi mng ct vng c c|ng khng nh hn 50.

d. Nu iu kin cho php, i vi cc cng trnh c bit quan trng khi c s dng tng hm, nn b tr thm lp thp khng g, hoc bng ng gia lp lt b tng ct vng vi lp b tng granit. Chiu dy ca lp thp hoc ng khng nh hn 0,5mm. Cc ch ni ca cc tm phi |c hn kn m bo va ngn nga mi va chng thm cho cc tng hm.

e. cc ch chia ct n nguyn ca nh cng nh| dc theo cc khe ln, khe co dn, khng |c thit k gn st nhau, m phi m bo khong cch gia cc mt t|ng i din ca cc n nguyn gn nhau, hoc mt i din ca hai dy ct thuc cc phn gn nhau, khng nh hn 500mm.

f. Ti cc chn ct, phi t cc m chp hnh khay p bng thp khng g chn mi, vi chiu dy ti thiu 0,5mm hoc bng ng dy ti thiu 0,40mm

l 75mm (xem hnh v). ng thi trn ton b mt mng v cc ct b tr cng phi t di bng thp c dy, tit din v c cao nh| i vi m chp cho ct. Di bng thp phi lin tc, ti cc ch ni phi |c hn kn.

4.5. Khi thi cng cc phn vic phng chng mi bng ph|ng php khng dng ho cht bn ch cng trnh c th giao cho bn thi cng xy dng, nh|ng phi c hp ng ring, c gim nh tng phn v c bin bn nghim thu cc phn khut kn v phng chng mi.

4.6. i vi cc cng trnh c bit quan trng loi A, khi c iu kin nn b tr h thng l|i thp ngn mi trn lp t m cht, tr|c khi t cc tm b tng hoc lp b tng nn. Lp l|i phi tip gip vi cc t|ng mng, cc ct, c si thp an vi |ng knh 0,18mm, c ln ti a ca mt l|i 0,66mm 0,45mm.

H thng l|i nhm:

b. Bo m s phn b ng u ca thuc dit mi lp ct nn. c. Bo m cho cc vt liu dng trong xy dng nh c cng bn, tui th cng

trnh, c bit l cc phn d|i nn c ch n mc chng chu ca cc loi ng khut kn.

5. Phng chng mi bng ho cht 5.1. Tr|c khi thi cng xy dng cc cng trnh loi A hoc B, cn c s phi hp thc

hin bng vn bn gia cc bn: ch cng trnh; bn thit k, bn thi cng xy dng v bn hp ng phng dit mi v bo qun g, bo m s phi hp nhp nhng


gia cc cng vic xy dng, phng chng mi, c bit l cc cng vic khut kn chng ln nhau.

5.2. Khi kho st thy c mi hot ng trong cc nh ch|a ph d hoc nh tm trn khu t, phi gi nguyn hin trng khng xo ng hn ch mi rt i v tin hnh ngay vic dit mi bng ph|ng php nh v x l ho cht.

5.3. Khi kho st cng nh| khi o lp nn, nu pht hin c t mi trn khu t phi o cho ti t mi, x l thuc dit mi vo v tr v vo phn t p. Cng vic ny phi lm xong tr|c cc cng vic san nn v lm mng.

5.4. nng u ca ho cht, khi thc hin bin php x l ho cht cho nn nh loi A v B cn l|u nhng im nh| sau:

a. Cng trnh c nn t st hoc st ct c kh nng thm thuc chm, hoc trn hin tr|ng dc, dung dch thuc c th chy trn, phi to b theo |ng ng mc l|u gi thuc trong phm vi yu cu.

b. Cng trnh trn nn t ct hoc xp tr|c khi x l ho cht phi t|i n|c trnh mt mt l|ng thuc do tiu thot hoc thm qu su.

c. Trn nn c cc b mt cng khng thm hoc rt t thm nh| t nhin, mt cc b phn mng bng b tng th khng x l trc tip trn cc b mt , nh|ng phi x l thuc xung quanh cc mt cng , dc theo cc |ng t ng, cng nh| ton b phn t nn cn li sau khi san lp hon chnh cho ti cc |ng tip gip vi tt c cc mt trong ca t|ng mng hoc t|ng hm nu c.

thy c nhng tm g vn khun b kt khng ly ra |c, phi x l k ton b cc vn bng thuc chng mi.

e. Trong tr|ng hp h thng k thut |c t sau khi lm mng v xy th th khi o nn phi x l b sung to lp ch|ng ngi lin tc dc theo |ng o, h o, ni t ng, t cp, lm h thu n|c, lm rnh. t lp cc h thng k thut nu trn cng phi trn thuc nh| x l vi t nn.

5.5. To lp ch|ng ngi thng ng v c x l ho cht Cc cng trnh c yu cu chng mi loi A v B tr nh hon ton trng chn, phi to ch|ng ngi thng ng bng hng ro xung quanh nh pha ngoi t|ng mng c x l ho cht cho phn t lp, nhm nga mi xm nhp t cc khu t ln cn pha bn ngoi nh. Cng vic ny cn phi |c tin hnh tng b|c, c ghi chp trn s , c cn b gim st, m bo h thng |c lin tc v hon chnh, khng st hoc t qung, d l on ngn.

a. Vic to lp ch|ng ngi thng ng bao gm o ho, x l thuc cho phn t

lp, phi |c tin hnh tr|c khi thi cng lp h mng hoc sn bi v h thng tng hm su nht nu c, phng tr|ng hp cn thit phi x l ho cht c pha trong mt mng. Cc cng vic ny ch thc hin vo cc ngy nng ro, tt nht nn trnh, nhng ngy m|a, phng khi ang lm thuc b ra tri chy trn mang theo thuc gy nhim ao, h.

b. i vi cc kiu nh trng chn c phn khng gian thng thu t mt nn hon thin n mt d|i ca kt cu sn nh hn 1,5m, vic lui ti kim tra kh khn th phi x l trit bng ch|ng ngi thng ng cng nh| x l thuc


mt nn, c bit i vi phn nh ph tr k cn, mi c th tip cn ln tng nh phi c bin php. Cc nh trng chn hon ton, c tng khng gian thng thu t 1,5m tr ln c th khng x l ho cht cho ho ch|ng ngi thng ng cng nh| nn nh.

c. i vi nh c tm b tng t trn mt t th phi x l thuc tr|c khi t lp cch m v t tm b tng. ng thi sau khi t xong ton b cc tm b tng phi x l thuc b sung dc theo cc khe ni v cc ch ni tip gia nn v t|ng mng quanh nh.

d. i vi cc nh c tng hm b tng ti ch th vic x l thuc phi tin

cng nh| sau khi lm v sinh dn sch cc mnh g, giy vn v rc r|i.

e. i vi cc nh phi x l thuc nh|ng thi cng hon chnh phn h mng v cng rnh xung quanh, khng cho php o ho tip cn th phi khoan thng t|ng t pha hm trong nh v bm thuc qua l vi mt thch hp nh t|ng thuc c th ngm ti ton b b mt ngoi ca t|ng mng bao quanh nh.

6. An ton v v sinh mi tr|ng 6.1. T chc doanh nghip bt k thuc thnh phn no thc hin bin php x l ho

cht phng chng mi cho nh cng trnh (sau y gi tt l t chc doanh nghip) phi tun th theo Quyt nh ca B Nng nghip v Cng nghip thc phm ban hnh ngy 23/2/1995, Quy nh v th tc thm nh sn xut, gia cng, ng k xut nhp khu, l|u cha, tiu hu, nhn thuc, bao b, ng gi v qung co thuc bo v thc vt v Quy nh ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ban hnh

dng, cm s dng trong nng nghip Vit Nam.

6.2. T chc doanh nghip phi tun th cc iu v an ton v bo h lao ng trong B Lut Lao ng, Lut Bo v mi tr|ng v Quy trnh s dng thuc phng mi cho nh v cng trnh (ph lc D).

6.3. T chc doanh nghip khng |c tuyn dng cng nhn c d ng thuc bo qun. Cng nhn phi h|ng dn y v quy trnh s dng thuc, k thut an ton v bo h lao ng, bit s cu trong tr|ng hp b ng c. Cng nhn phi |c trang b y ph|ng tin bo h ph hp vi cng vic trong mi tr|ng c hi v |c h|ng y cc ch c hi theo cc quy nh hin hnh ca Nh n|c. Cng nhn phi hiu bit v thc hin cc bin php chng tnh trng thuc chy trn hoc thm qu mc yu cu hoc dng thit b phun c p sut khng thch hp phun ra c ht ln gy nhim mi tr|ng mt t, cc ngun n|c v vng tiu kh hu xung quanh ni lm vic. Khi lm vic cng nhn phi mang giy

ng k hnh ngh.

6.4. Khi x l thuc dung mi du phi ngt mch in ni c ng c in chy qua, tm ngng sn xut ni c tia la, tia in, tia hn. Khi phun thuc ho cht phi trnh cc bp n, hoc khi cn thit phi che y kn cc dng c nu v dng n ung. Ch |c s dng cc loi thuc qua th tc thm nh v bo qun liu l|ng (Ph lc C).

6.5. Sau khi dit mi bng ph|ng php nh, t chc doanh nghip phi thu li cc thng nh c phun thuc v phi tiu hu hoc chn su, khng |c dng lm ci un.


6.6. i vi cc cng trnh thuc loi A hoc B, bn t chc doanh nghip phi nh k kim tra v bo hnh t nht 3 nm, k t khi thc hin xong vic x l ho cht. Ni dung kim tra bo hnh phi |c ghi r trong hp ng gia bn ch cng trnh v bn t chc doanh nghip, khi kim tra nu thy c mi hot ng, bn t chc doanh nghip c trch nhim phi x l b sung.

6.7. Cc kho l|u cha thuc phng dit mi phi xy v tr cch nh nui dy tr, cc tr|ng hc, bnh vin, t nht 100m v phi c a cc ph|ng tin phng chy, cha chy.

6.8. Cc loi thuc phng mi v bo qun g nhp t n|c ngoi vo, tr|c khi nhp

Ti liu tham kho

1. Phn cp cng trnh xy dng. Nguyn tc chung. TCVN 2748: 1991 2. Phn cp nh v cng trnh dn dng. Nguyn tc chung. TCVN 13: 1991 3. Protection of building from subterranean termites, Prevention, detection andtreatment of

infestation AS 3660: 1993.

4. Chng mi. Nh xut bn Nng nghip H Ni 1994. PTS Nguyn Ch Thanh. 5. Phn loi nhm g bo qun bo qun. PTS L Vn Nng. 6. Phng mi t nn mng cho cc cng trnh xy dng. KS L Nh| C|ng. Tp ch Ho

hc ngy nay 1996.

Ph lc A

H|ng dn pht hin mi v m t cc ging mi gy hi ch yu

1. Phm vi Ph lc ny |a ra nhng c tr|ng c bn nht v mi ging mi v mi loi m trong qu trnh xm nhp v ph hoi g |c biu hin ra bn ngoi hoc ngm ngm bn trong m con ng|i c th nhn bit |c bng mt th|ng hoc thng qua nhng dng c n gian hoc thit b chuyn dng nhn bit |c ging hoc loi mi , m ta mt s loi mi hi ch yu.

2. Pht hin mi ph hoi 2.1 Nhng ni th|ng pht hin ra mi:

tin hnh pht hin mi |c thun li, ng|i kim tra cn thit nh| n pin, dao

tnh sinh hc v cc ging, loi mi v c nhng kinh nghim thc tin trong vic pht hin ra s ph hoi ca mi nhng ni th|ng thy nht, v d: nhng b phn tip xc vi mt t hoc gn mt t nh| mng nh, gc t|ng nh, sn, sn nh tng mt, bc thm, cc ct nh c mt phn xung t, g p t|ng, cu thang, bng g t cc cm in, cng tc, nhng ni th|ng xuyn m |t nh| nh tm, nh v sinh, ng n|c r r, cng rnh hoc khe ln ca cng trnh kin trc.

2.2 Nhng vt tch biu hin c tr|ng ca mi 2.2.1 Vt tch ca mi biu hin ra bn ngoi


Trong qu trnh sinh sng, mi th|ng i li t ni ny n ni khc kim n, chng th|ng o nhng |ng hm ngm trong g. Mi i li trong t|ng nh gch th |ng hm ca chng xuyn qua ch rng xp ca t|ng, ni tip gip gia lp gch v lp cht bn ngoi. Trong tr|ng hp trn |ng i ca mi c ch|ng ngi vt m chng khng c kh nng xuyn qua |c, chng phi b qua ni tip xc vi khng kh th chng phi xy dng |ng mui i n ni ly thc n. Chnh nh biu hin ny m chng ta c th pht hin ra mi bng mt th|ng. Trong qu trnh o hang ly thc n trong g, chng th|ng ly t thm vi n|c bt ca chng bt kn, nhng ni mi o hm c |ng thng ra ngoi

tt ca g nh| mt cht, vt nt n ca g hoc ca k mng, ct, ko v nhng ch gip ni khc gia g vi g, gia g vi t|ng gch. Nhng |ng ng mi ny v cc vt nt m mi cn bt kn trn |ng i u do mi th m nhim, c mi lnh i thm d bo v.

Cng cn ch rng: i vi nhng |ng mui mi c mi sng i li bn trong th th|ng l m v lin tc khng nt n, bong, cn |ng mui c khng c mi i li bn trong th th|ng l kh nt n, c khi b bong ri ra tng on.

2.2.2 Vt tch ca mi biu hin ngm bn trong Khi kim tra trn t|ng v nhng cu kin bng g khc m vn khng thy |ng mui v cc vt t bt kn, cc vt nt n trn g v cc k mng m mi to nn nh| ni phn trn th dng ba g vo b phn bng g to ra nhng m thanh khc nhau pht hin mi, cch pht hin ny da vo kinh nghim l chnh, nu ting ku pht ra bc bc nh| g m l biu hin bn trong b rng, trong tr|ng

ch phn bit vi cy g cng ku nh| g m i vi cy g rng rut t tr|c khng c mi hot ng bn trong. Dng dao nhn, tuc n vt xm, chc vo g cng c th pht hin |c mi bn trong g.

Cn kim tra tt c cc tng v mi nh lp ngi, v c nhiu tr|ng hp tng 1, tng 2 khng pht hin ra mi nh|ng tng 7, tng 8 li pht hin thy mi.

3. Gim nh mi 3.1 Thu thp mu vt

Khi iu tra pht hin mi ti hin tr|ng, c th nh loi s b, nh|ng vic thu thp mu vt thm nh li tn khoa hc ca chng l rt cn thit.

i vi mt loi trong mt t th|ng c cc ng cp: Mi lnh, mi th (i vi ging Macrotermes th|ng c mi lnh to, mi lnh nh, mi th to, mi th nh), mi non, mi cnh non, mi cnh, mi vua, mi cha, nu o tm |c t (hnh 1, 2, 3). Nh|ng trong thc t t khi thu thp cc ng cp trong mt loi, v vy, i

im d nhn bit |c vi mi lnh l c hm kho v u c hnh qu trng, hoc hnh qu l, mi lnh c c im hnh thi rt c tr|ng cho mi loi, v th na l cc mi c kh nng sinh sn nh| mi vua, mi cha, mi cnh. Mi loi t nht thu nhp 3 mu. Mu vt |c ngm trong l c dung dch cn 80% (4 phn cn, 1 phn n|c). Mi loi phi ng trong mt l ring bit v c nhn ghi vi ni dung sau:

- Ni thu nhp, cng c th, chnh xc cng tt (X, huyn, tnh hoc s nh, |ng ph, qun, huyn).

- Ngy thu nhp


- Ng|i thu nhp - G k ch hoc vt th m mi ang ph hoi nh|: G trm trng, g vch trng,

giy, qun o

cho ch vit trn giy khng b nho, nn vit bng bt ch trn giy can, ri cho vo trong l ng mu vt ri nt kn li. Mt iu cn ch l khi cn gi mu vt n c quan khc qua b|u in nh loi th nn dng dung dch foocmalin ngm mu vt phng chng chy v tun theo quy nh ca b|u in v hng khng v gi b|u phm.

3.2 Cn c vo vt tch m trong qu trnh sinh sng mi to nn, ng thi, m t v hnh thi i vi cc ging mi th|ng thy gip mt phn nht nh cho ng|i iu tra c th c cn c vo nhn bit cc ging mi c trong cc ngi nh v cc cng trnh xy dng. (Bng trong ti liu)

Bng nhn bit cc ging mi cn c vo c tnh sinh hc v hnh thi

V tr t mi

Thc n ca mi

|ng mui v |ng

ch v ho

Vt gm trn g

c im hnh thi ca mi

Tn h, ging mi

Kh nng phng,

dit mi

A. T mi hon ton trn mt t,

- Cc loi g ch|a b mc

- Khng

- Khng c |ng mui

- Khng c

Mi gm g to thnh nhng

Tm l|ng ngc tr|c c chiu rng bng

Cryptotermes (Lalotermitidae)

- Phun qut thuc BQG1 trc tip vo g b mi

trong vng ly thc n. T khng lin h vi t v ngun n|c

c v|n nm

phng ch v ho

- L v ho ng thi l l thi phn mi

gia cc hang c nhng l thng vi nhau

chiu rng ca u ( c mi lnh v mi th) (H3)

(Mi g kh) phng, dit mt

B. T mi phn ln d|i mt t.

- T lin h vi t v

1 Cc g ch|a b mc nt (trm trng vng

- |ng mui dng dp, elip

- Khng c |ng ch v

Mi gm phn g xun, h th|ng li phn g thu,

Tm l|ng ngc tr|c hp hn u, mi lnh ngc tr|c bng. Hm trn bn tri

Coptotermes (Phinotermitidae)

- Nh v dit mi tn gc bng ph|ng php dit mi ly truyn

n|c - Khng

c v|n nm

ho l nhng l rng thng vi t chnh.

thnh nhng tua.

ca thnh trng c cnh, c 3 rng, vy cnh tr|c to, r rng v t n chn vy cnh sau (H4).


2. Thc n l cc loi g b mc nt mt phn

- Trong t th|ng c v|n

- |ng mui to, c khi lin kt vi nhau thnh mng ln.

- C phng ch v ho

- Mi gm g to thnh nhng hang rng, khng li lp g thu ng

- Tm l|ng ngc tr|c hp hn u, mi lnh tm l|ng ngc tr|c c hnh yn nga. Hm trn bn tri ca thnh

Odontotermes Microtermes

Macrotermes

(Mi t)

(Termitidae)

- Chn mi thch hp c th th v dit bng ph|ng php dit ly truyn, nh|ng kh khn hn.

- nm. cnh, c 1

2 rng, vy cnh tr|c khng t n chn vy cnh sau.

tip thuc st trng vo t dit.


Ph lc B

Phn nhm g bo qun

I. Nhm g cn x l bo qun bng ho cht 1. Altingiaceae H Sau Sau Altingia tahktadjanii V. T. Thai T hp

Liquidambar formorana Sau Sau

Allospondias lakoensis (Pierre) Stapf Du dan xoan

Bunchanania latifolia Roxb Xon gi

Dracontomelum mangiferum B1 Su

3. Aocynaceae H trc o Alstonia calophylla A. Dc Sa l nh

Alstonia scholais (L) R. Br Sa

4. Betulaceae H cnh l Betula alnoides Buch.Ham.ex D.Don Cng l

5. Bombacaceae H go Gossampinus malabarica (DC) Merr Go

6. Burseraceae H Trm Canairium album Raeusch Trm trng

Canairium bengalensis Guill Trm canh

Canairium pimela Koen Trm en

Canairium subulatum Guill Cna

Garuga pierrei Guill Cc

7. Chrysobalanaceae H Cm Parinaria annamensis Hance Cm

8. Datiscaceae H Thung Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br Thung

9. Dilleniacea H S Dillenia hetarosepala Fine et Gagnep Long Bng

Dillenia pentagyna Roxb S nm nhy

10. Euphorbiaceae H Thu du Aleurites moluccana Willd Lai

Aleurites montana Lour Tru

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour Du mc

Baccaureasylvestris Lour Du v

Endospermum chnensis Benth Vng trng


11. Fabaceae H u Albizia procera (Willd) Benth Mung xanh

Gleditsea fera (Lour) Merr. B kt

Lycidice rhodostegia Hance Thn mt

Millettia ichthyochtona Drake M

Ormosia balansea Drake Rng rng mt

12. Juglandaceae H H o

13. Myristicaceae H Mu ch Horsfieldia amygdalina (Wall) Warbg Sng mu

Knema corticosa Lour Mu ch

14. Pinaceae H Thng Pinus khasya Royle Thng ba l

Pinus massoniana Roxb Thng ui nga

Pinus merkusiana F. N. G. Cooling et H. Gauss Thng nha

15. Podocarpaceae H kim giao Podocarpus imbricatus Blume Thng nng

16. Sterculiaceae H Trm Sterculia lanceolata Cavan i

Sterculia nobilis Smith Trm m g

17. Styracaeaes H B Styrax benjoin Dryand B v

Styrax tonkinensis Pierre B

18. Symlocacea Ho Dung Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour) S. Moore Dung sn

Symplocos lancifolia Sieb. EtZucc Dung l mc

Symplocos laurina Wall.var.acuminata Brand. Dung giy

19. Theaceae H Ch Shima crenata Korth Trn

Schima wallichii Choisy Vi thuc

1. Bignonniaceae H inh

Markhmia stipulata Seem inh

2. Clusiaceae H Ba Calophyllum dryobalanoides Pierre Cng trng

Calophyllum L. M u

Calophyllum saigonnensis Pierre Cng ta

Garcinia fagraeoides A. Chev Trai l


Mesua ferrea L. Vp

3. Combretaceae H Bng Anogaisus acuminata (Roxb.ex.DC) Guill.et Oerr Ch Nhai

Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth Chiu Liu kh

Terminalia belirica (Gaertn.) Roxb Choai

Terminalia chebula Retz Chiu liu hng

Terminalia corticosa Pierre ex Lanes Chiu liu i

Terminalianigrovenulosa Pierre Chiu liu en

4. Dipterocarpaceae H Du Anisoptera costata Korth Vn vn

Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb Du ri

Dipterocarpus baudii Korth Du bao

Dipterocarpus coctatus Gaertn.f. Du mt

Dipterocarpus dyerip Pierre Du dong nng

Dipterocarpus intricatus Dyer Du trai

Dipterocarpus obtussifolilus Teysm Du tr beng

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Du ng

Hopea exalata Lin Yang et Hsue Sao

Hopea hainanensis Merr.Et Chun Sao hi nam

Hopea hongayensis Tardier Sao hn gai

Hopea mollissima C.W.Yu Sao mt qu

Hopea odorata Roxb. Sao en

Hopea pierre Hance Kn kn

Parashorea stellata Kurz Ch ch

Shorea guiso (Blanco) Bl. Chai

Shorea hypochreo Hance Sn bo bo

Shorea obtusa Wall. C chc

Shorea roxburghii Miq. Sn m

Vatica odorata (Griff) sym.subsp.odorata Tu trng

Vatica subglabra Mer. Tu xanh

Vatica tonkinensis A. Chev. Tu mt

5. Ericaceae H quyn Craibidendron scleranthum (Dop) Judd. Hoa kh

6. Euphorbiaceae H Thu du Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb) Hook Nhi


7. Fabaceae H u Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib C te

Cassia siamea Lamf. Mung en

Dallbergia bariaensis Pierre Cm lai

Dallbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Trc nam b

Dalbergia fusca Pierre Trc vng

Diallium cochinchinensis Pierre Xoay

Peltophorum dasyrrhachis (Miq) Kurz. Hong Linh

Pterocarpus indicus Willd H|ng ta

Pterocarpus pedatus Pierre Dng h|ng

Sindora glabra Merr. Ex De Wit G lau

Sindoras maritima Pierre G bin

Sindora siamensis Teysm. Ex Miq. G mt

Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Raub. Cm xe

8. Fagaceae H Gie Castanopsis chevalieri Hick. eta. Cam. C i s

Castanopsis indica (Roxb.) A. Dc. C i

Castanopsis tribuloides A. Dc. C i gai

Lithovarpus cornes (Lour.) Rehd. Si sng

Lithovarpus dealbatus (Hook.f.) Rehd. Si trng

Lithovarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehd. Si vng

Lithovarpus harmandii A. Cam Si xe

Quercus chevalieri Hick. et A. Cam Gi s

Quercus helferanus A. Dc Gi qu dt

Quercus hanata Smithvar. Leiocarpa A. Cam. Gi cau

Quercus langbianensis Hick. et A. Cam. Gi Langbian

9. Lauraceae H Re Cinnamomum balansae H. Lec G h|ng

Cinnamomum burmani (Nees) Bl. Re la

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. Long no

Cinnamomum glaucescens (Wall.) Homd. Marz Re h|ng

Cinnamomum illicioides A. Chev Re gng

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. Qu chu

Cinnamomum obtusifolium Nees Re bu

Cinnamomum polyadelphum (Lour.) Kosterm. Re bp


Cinnamomum tetragonum A. Chev. Re

Cinnamomum tonkinensis Pitard Re xanh

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees Qu quan

Litsea baviensis H. Lec Bi li ba v

Litsea griffithii Gamble Bi li

Litsea pierrei H. Lec Bi li pie

Litsea polyantha Juss. Bi li giy

Machilus odoretissima Ness Kho ta

Machilus platycarpa Chun Kho vng

Machilus thunbergii Sieb. Et Zucc. Re vng

Machilus tonkinesis A. Chev. Re bc

Nothaphoebe kingiana Gamble Kho gi

Nothaphoebe umbelliflora Bl. Kho m

Phoebe cuneata Bl. S

10. Lythraceae H Bng lng Lagerstroemia balansae Koch. Bng lng

Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz. Bng lng i

Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Bng lng n|c

11. Magnoliaceae H Mc lan Mangliettia chevalieri Dandy M vng

Mangliettia insignis (Wall.) Blume M

Mangliettia fordiana (Hemsl.) Oliv. Vng tm

Michelia balansae Dandy Gii lng

Michelia hypolampra Dandy Gii

Paramichelia Braienensis (Gangnep.) Dandy Gii x|ng

12. Maliaceae H Xoan Aglaia gigantea (Pierre) Pellgr. Gi np

Chisocheton thorelii (Pierre) Quch

Dysoxylum cauliflorum Hiern. Gi mt

Dysoxylum loureiri Pierre Hunh |ng

Dysoxylum tonkienensis A. Chev. Ex Pellergr. Chc kh

Melia axedarch L. Xoan ta

Toona sinensis (A. Juss) Roem. Tng d

Toona surenii (Blume) Merr. Xoan mc


13. Rosaceae H hoa Hng Prunus arborea (Blume) Merr. Xoan o

14. Rubiaceae H C ph Adina Cordifolia (Roxb.) Kook. Go vng

15. Sapindaceae H B hn Nephelium chryseum Bl. Vi guc

Nephelium lappaceum L. Munt. Thiu rng

16. Sapotaceae H Sn Donella lanceolata (BL.) Aubr. Sn x

Madhuca hainanensis Chun et How Sn hi nam

Madhuca pasquieri J. Lam. Sn mt

Madhuca subquincuncialis Lam et Kerpel Sn ng im

17. Sterculiaceae H Trm Pterospermum diver sifolium Bl. Hng mang sn

Pterospermum heterophyllum Hance Lng mang

Tarrietia javanica (Bl.) Kost. Hunh

B3. Phn g dc ca tt c cc loi g nu dng u phi x l bo qun bng ho cht


Ph lc C

Cc loi thuc chng mi ang dng Vit Nam Tn thuc Ho cht chnh Cng dng Liu l|ng v cch dng

DM - 90

Na2SiF6 H3BO4

Ph gia dng bt Dit tn gc t mi d|i t nn

30gr cho mt hp mi nh (kch th|c: 15cm 15cm 30cm)

Theo ph|ng php dit gin tip khng phi p bi t mi

LN 3

CuSO4.5H2O

K2Cr2O7

(Dng mui ho tan trong n|c)

Phng mi, mt, mc, nm cho tre v g

5 kg/m3 theo ph|ng php tm chn khng p lc

LN 5

ZnCl2

NaF

(Dng mui ho tan trong n|c)

Phng mi, mt, nm mc cho g v tre


PMD 4

Na2SiF6

Cl5C6ONa

Ph gia Phng tr mi t nn

- 1kg ri 5m di - 10% dung dch phun trc tip vo t mi

- 1kg/4m2 din tch t nn

- 12 14kg trn cho 1m3 t lm ho.

Chlopyrifos Hp cht ca gc pht pht Phng tr mi t nn

Phun, t|i t nn cho cng trnh xy dng mi. Nng 0,5 1%, nh mc 0,7 1,5 lt/m2

Bc H Hp cht Pyrethroid Dit tr mi - Theo h|ng dn ca t chc doanh nghip

Demon TC (M)

Cypermethrin Dit tr mi Theo h|ng dn ca t chc doanh nghip |c php nhp loi thuc ny

PBB Cl5C6ONa

H3BO4

Phng mi, mt, nm mc cho g v tre


Ghi ch: C th s dng cc loi thuc chng mi ca n|c ngoi |c c quan Nh n|c c thm quyn cho php.


Ph lc D

Quy trnh s dng thuc phng chng mi cho nh v cng trnh

1. Dit t mi: Khi san lp nn t, nu pht hin c t mi th phi o ti t, t|i vo v tr c t mi 20 30 lt dung dch 10% thuc PM - 4, khng cc tn d| thc vt nh|: G vn, gc cy, vn khun b kt li.

2. Ho phng mi: To lp lp ch|ng ngi ng bng o ho l hng ro bao quanh pha ngoi st mt t|ng mng cng trnh nhm ngn nga mi t cc vng ln cn xm

dng, nn t xp phi bo m su 80cm, mi cm3 o ln |c trn vi 10 12kg thuc PM - 4 hoc loi thuc c gi tr t|ng |ng ri lp li. Tr|c khi lp vch ho pha ngoi lt mt lp nilon. Sau khi lp xong, mt trn ho |c lt gch hoc b tng hon thin.

3. Mt nn pha trong nh - o rnh st chn t|ng rng 30cm, su 30 40cm k t mt lp t hon thin, t

o ln |c trn 10 12kg/m3 thuc PM - 4 hoc thuc c gi tr phng mi t|ng |ng, sau lp li. Trn mt nn, tr|c khi va b tng, k c mt cc i cc, ri mt lp thuc PM - 4 vi liu l|ng 0,7 1kg/m3 theo thi gian bo hnh t nht ba nm. Sau ri mt lp giy nilon tr|c khi lp va lt nn.

- Mt t|ng, i cc |c phun dung dch Chlorpyrifos 1%, 2 lt/m2 hoc cc loi thuc khc c gi tr t|ng |ng.

4. hoc tng hm nu c cc khe ln k c cc v tr o thm lm gin on s lin tc ca ho phng mi, phi x l b sung theo liu l|ng quy nh.

5. i vi cc b phn kt cu, b phn trang tr bng tre, g trong cng trnh nh| khun ca, cnh ca, p t|ng u phi x l thuc phng mi mt.

Khi x l g phi m bo nguyn tc: G phi |c gia cng thnh kh mi x l thuc, nu c|a ct thm phi x l b sung thuc vo v tr . Sau khi x l thuc mi sn hoc vecni. Thuc bo qun g trong xy dng hin hnh n|c ta gm hai dng:

- Dng dung mi du, ph|ng php x l: C th phun, nhng hoc qut thch hp trong iu kin s dng tp trung hoc phn tn.

- Dng dung mi n|c: Phi x l theo ph|ng php ngm hoc tm p lc chn khng.

TCXD 204 1998

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Transcript of TCXD 204 1998