TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TIU CHUN QUC GIATCVN 9147 : 2012CNG TRNH THY LI QUI TRNH TNH TON THY LC P TRNHydraulic structures Hydraulic Calculation Process for Spillway

Li ni u

TCVN 9147:2012 c chuyn i t QP.TL. C-8-76 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.

TCVN 9147:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

CNG TRNH THY LI QUI TRNH TNH TON THY LC P TRN

Hydraulic structures Hydraulic Calculation Process for Spillway1. Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny c p dng tnh ton thy lc cho tt c cc loi p trn x nc kiu h cng trnh thy (thy li, thy in, giao thng thy), thuc tt c cc cp v mi giai on.

Khi p dng tiu chun ny cn phi tun th cc qui nh sau:

a) Tiu chun ny khng dng tnh ton thy lc ca p dng o lu lng (tc l cc p dng trong phng th nghim v p dng o c thy vn).

b) i vi cng trnh cp I; II v mt s trng hp c bit c iu kin phc tp, khi thit k cn phi chnh xc ha li bng cc th nghim m hnh vt l thy lc.

c) Cc dng khc vi cc dng nu trong tiu chun ny, khi lp d n cn phi xy dng tiu chun ring, trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt p dng.

2. Thut ng, nh ngha

2.1. Cng trnh trn x nc

Cc cng trnh tho nc trong u mi cng trnh thy l cc cng trnh p trn x nc.

Cc phn c bn ca cng trnh trn x nc c th hin Hnh 1.

2.2. p trn

p trn l cng trnh x nc tha t thng lu v h lu hoc x lng nc tha ca lu vc ca sng bn cnh, thng c b tr u mi cng trnh thy.

CH DN:

1 Phn dn nc vo;

2 Phn ca vo - p trn x nc;

3 Phn ni tip (chuyn dn) nc;

4 Phn kt thc ca ni tip vi h lu (phn tiu nng);

5 Phn dn nc ra sng hoc knh.

a) Cng trnh x h bn b

b) Cng trnh x h trn lng sngHnh 1 - Cc phn c bn ca tuyn cng trnh x nc

3. Cc k hiu ca p trn kiu h

Hnh 2 - Mt ct dc tuyn trn (Mt ct I-I) v mt ct ngang trn (Mt ct II-II)

Hl ct nc trn nh trn (m), l chnh gia mc nc thng lu vi cao trnh ca im thp nht ngng trn. Khi tnh H th cao trnh mc nc thng lu c o ti mt ct T - T.

LTl khong cch (m) tnh t mt ct mp thng lu p n mt mt ct T-T c xc nh theo cc iu tng ng vi tng loi p trn c nu chi tit trong cc loi p nu trong qui trnh ny.

bl chiu rng mt khoang trn (m) (chiu di trn nc mt khoang) i vi p trn hnh ch nht l mt hng s (xem Hnh 3.a);

(l chiu dy ca nh p (m), (chiu rng ca ngng trn);

P1l chiu cao ca p so vi thng lu (m), bng chnh gia cao trnh nh ngng trn (im thp nht - xem mt ct 1-1 ca hnh -2) so vi y sng (knh) thng lu;

Pl chiu cao p so vi h lu (m), bng chnh gia cao trnh nh ngng trn (im thp nht trn mt ct tuyn trn) so vi y sng (knh) h lu;

Btl chiu rng lng dn thng lu, (m);

htl chiu su nc thng lu, (m);

hHl chiu su nc h lu, (m);

hnl chiu su nc ngp (m), tc l chnh gia mc nc h lu so vi nh ngng trn (im thp nht). Khi mc nc h lu thp hn nh trn (im thp nht) ca p th hn c tr s m (xem Hnh 2);

Zl chnh gia mc nc thng lu (ch mt ct T-T) vi mc nc h lu, (m);

v0l lu tc n gn bng lu tc trung bnh thng lu (ti mt ct T-T), (m/s);

gl gia tc trng trng bng 9,81 m/s2;

H0l ct nc ton phn trn p (m), tc l ct nc trn c tnh c ct nc lu tc ti gn;

Z0l chnh mc nc thng v h lu (m), c tnh n lu tc ti gn;

Ql lu lng chy qua p trn, (m3/s).

4. Phn loi p trn

4.1. Phn loi theo hnh dng ca vo

a) p trn c ca vo hnh ch nht (Hnh 3 a);

b) p trn c ca vo hnh tam gic (Hnh 3 b);

c) p trn c ca vo hnh hnh thang (Hnh 3 c);

d) p trn c ca vo hnh hnh trn (Hnh 3 d);

e) p trn c ca vo hnh pa- ra- bn (Hnh 3 e);

f) p trn c ca vo hnh nghing (Hnh 3 f).

Hnh 3 - Cc dng mt ct ca vo (ct dc tuyn trn)

4.2. Phn loi theo hnh dng v kch thc mt ct ngang p trn

4.2.1. p trn thnh mng: l p trn c mt thng lu v h lu ca thn p l cc mt phng song song vi nhau, nh ca n nm ngang hoc nghing v pha h lu (mp vo khng un cong).

Chiu dy ca nh p (() phi tha mn iu kin sau y:

Hnh 4 - Mt ct ngang p trn thnh mng

4.2.2. p trn nh rng: l loi p trn c chiu cao bt k vi mt thng v h lu c hnh dng ty , nhng nh p trn phi nm ngang, chiu dy nh p (() phi tha mn iu kin sau y:

(t 2 n 3)H < < (t 8 n 10)H

(4)

Tn tht ct nc theo chiu di ngng trn do ma st gy nn rt nh so vi tn tht cc b (ti ni vo v ni ra) nn khng xt n.

Khi ( > (t 8 n 10)H th vn coi l p trn nh rng nhng c xt n nh hng ca knh.

Hnh 5 - Mt ct ngang p trn nh rng

4.2.3. p trn c mt ct thc dng:

- p trn c mt ct thc dng l loi p trn c mt ct ngang thuc dng chuyn tip gia p trn thnh mng v p trn nh rng. p trn thc dng c hai loi: c chn khng v khng c chn khng.

+ Loi p trn thc dng khng c chn khng l loi p trn c dng chy trn p c p sut dc theo mt p l dng (Hnh 6).

+ Loi p trn thc dng c chn khng l loi p trn c p lc chn khng nh p. Ta nh trn c dng elp hoc hnh trn (dng c-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp c chn khng ca Lin x c) hoc dng Wes ca M (Hnh 7).

Hnh 6 - Mt ct ngang p trn thc dng khng c chn khng

Hnh 7 - Mt ct ngang p trn thc dng c chn khng

4.3. Phn loi theo hnh dng ng vin ngng trn trn mt bng (hnh dng tuyn p)

a) p trn chnh din (Hnh 8 a).

b) p trn xin (Hnh 8 b).

c) p trn bn (Hnh 8 c).

d) p trn gy khc (Hnh 8 d).

f) p trn cong (Hnh 8 e).

g) p trn kiu ging ng (Hnh 8 f): Trn khp kn (Hnh 8 f1); Bn nguyt (Hnh 8 f2).

Hnh 8 - Cc loi p trn phn loi theo hnh dng ng vin ngng trn trn mt bng

4.4. Phn loi theo ch chy

a) p trn chy khng ngp (chy t do, kh nng x khng ph thuc vo MNHL);

b) p trn chy ngp (kh nng x ph thuc vo MNHL);

c) p trn ngang (p trn bn b);

d) p trn khng c co hp bn (Bt = b) (Hnh 9 a);

e) p trn c co hp bn (Bt > b) (Hnh 9 b);

a) p trn khng c co hp bn

b) p trn c co hp bnHnh 9 - Loi p trn phn theo ch chy

g) p trn chy qua li v ly nc kiu hnh lang y (xem Hnh 10).

Hnh 10 - p trn chy qua li v ly nc kiu hnh lang y

CH THCH:

1) Khi thit k trn x l bn b sng (kiu trn ngang), kiu ging, kiu trn xin, trn cong, trn zich zc, trn phm n (trn piano), trn kiu qua li - hnh lang y cho php s dng cc ti liu tham kho ca tiu chun ny.

2) Tiu chun l thit k v l kim tra phi tun theo QCVN hin hnh.

3) Chn tuyn trn v loi kt cu p trn phi phn tch, so snh, da vo iu kin a hnh, a cht, xem xt trong b tr tng th cm u mi cng trnh thy li, thy in, vn ti thy, iu kin vt liu a phng. Ngoi ra cn phi cn c vo iu kin vn hnh, nhim v chn v tr v kt cu cng trnh x cho hp l.

- Khi tuyn p chnh ngn, a hnh dc, khng b tr c trn dc (nu b tr trn dc s phi o nhiu, trong iu kin khng c eo ni xung quanh b tr trn dc) th nn b tr trn ngang.

- Trng hp a cht hai vai p v vng h lu xu nn b tr 2 ng trn x l 2 vai gim bt s tp trung lu lng.

- Nu c thm sng rng vi ct nc thp nn li dng thm sng thot l.

5. p trn chnh din thnh mng ch nht

5.1. Phn loi v nguyn tc tnh ton

5.1.1. Phn loi p trn thnh mng

5.1.1.1. Phn loi theo nghing ca p

a) p trn thnh mng thng ng.

b) p trn thnh mng nghing.

5.1.1.2. Phn loi theo mc khng kh hoc mc nc h lu so vi nh li nc trn

a) Trng hp dng chy t do qua p trn thnh mng khi khng kh c th t do vo khong khng di li nc trn (mc nc h lu thp hn nh ngng trn), hoc khi nc h lu c th t do i vo di li nc (mc nc h lu cao hn nh p v h lu khng c nc nhy).

b) Trng hp dng chy khng t do qua p trn thnh mng, khi khng kh khng vo di li nc trn hoc mc nc h lu cao hn nh li trn.

5.1.2. Khi quyt nh v tr mt ct T-T (mt ct xc nh tr s H v V0) tr s LT phi c xc nh nh sau:

5.2.1.1. p trn vi thn p thng ng hoc nghing v pha thng lu th tr s LT tnh theo cng thc:

LT = (t 3 n 5)H hoc (t 2 n 3)Hmax (5)

5.1.2.2. p trn vi thn p nghing v pha h lu th tr s LT cng c th tnh theo cng thc (5) nhng khng c nh hn kch thc a Hnh 19.

5.2. p trn thnh mng hnh ch nht thng ng (mt ct ngang hnh ch nht)

5.2.1. Trng hp chy t do

5.2.1.1. Trong trng hp chy t do, nu p trn thnh mng ng thi tha mn 2 iu kin di y th gi l p chy ngp (xem ng chm chm trong Hnh 11, biu th mc nc h lu):

- Mc nc h lu cao hn nh p, tc l: hn > 0

(6)

- Pha h lu ngay gn p trn, nc trng thi chy m.

Nu c 2 hoc ch 1 trong 2 iu kin ni trn khng tha mn th p trn c xem l chy t do.

Hnh 11 S xc nh cc thng s k thut ca p trn thnh mng

CH THCH: Xc nh h lu l trng thi chy m hay trng thi chy xit nh sau:

1. Trong trng hp tng qut: dng l thuyt v s ni tip mt nc gia thng v h lu.

2. Trong trng hp c bit: Khi mt ct ngang ca lng dn h lu l hnh ch nht v chiu rng ca n bng chiu rng ca p, nu chnh tng i:

th h lu ngay gn p s c trng thi chy xit.

Trong cng thc ni trn l tr s ti hn ca chnh ni trn, c th cn c vo tr s xc nh chnh tng i ti hn ni trn theo biu Hnh 12.

Hnh 12 Xc nh chnh tng i ti hn ca p trn thnh mng

Ngoi ra c th xc nh chnh tng i ti hn ca p trn thnh mng theo Bng 1 sau y:

Bng 1 chnh tng i ti hn ca p trn thnh mng

H/P(Z/P)thH/P(Z/P)th

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,81,00

0,82

0,74

0,70

0,681,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,00,66

0,67

0,70

0,76

0,85

5.2.1.2. p trn khng ngp, khng c co hp bn, chy t do gi l p tiu chun. iu kin tiu chun l p trn thnh mng khi chiu rng ca p trn phi tha mn iu kin:

< 0,5H

(8)

Vi H l ct nc trn nh trn. Lu lng chy qua p trn loi ny c tnh theo cng thc:

Trong

motc l h s lu lng ca p tiu chun.

Trong trng hp P1 0,5H v H 0,10m th motc c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

CH THCH: Khi thit k k thut cc cng trnh cp I , II nu H P1 0,5H th tr s tm c theo cng thc

(10) phi c chnh xc ha bng th nghim trong phng.

5.2.1.3. i vi p tiu chun, nu 0,1 0,5 th hnh dng ng bin mt ct dc ca li nc trn phi v theo cc tr s ta ghi trong Bng 2.

Bng 2 Tr s ta tng i v ca mp trn v mp di li nc trn ca p tiu chun (khi 0,1 ( 0,5).x/Hy/Hx/Hy/H

Mp di li nc trnMp trn li nc trnMp di li nc trnMp trn li nc trn

-3,00

-2,00

-1,50

-1,00

-0,75

-0,50

-0,250,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,500,550,600,65-

-

-

-

-

--- 0,000

-0,059

-0,085

-0,101

-0,109

-0,112

-0,111

-0,106

-0,097

-0,085

-0,071

-0,054

-0,035

-0,013-0,997

-0,987

-0,980

-0,963

-0,951

-0,932

-0,896

-0,851

-0,836

-0,826

-0,811

-0,795

-0,779

-0,762

-0,744

-0,724

-0,703

-0,680

-0,654

-0,627

-0,5990,70

0,75

0,80

0,85

0,90

0,95

1,00

1,10

1,20

1,30

1,40

1,50

1,60

1,70

1,80

1,90

2,00

2,25

2,50

2,75

3,000,009

0,035

0,063

0,094

0,129

0,165

0,202

0,29

0,38

0,47

0,58

0,69

0,82

0,95

1,09

1,25

1,41

1,84

2,34

2,86

3,40-0,569

-0,538

-0,506

-0,472

-0,436

-0,398

-0,357

-0,27

-0,18-0,080,030,140,270,410,550,700,871,301,382,322,86

Hnh 13 - V tr trc ta X v Y ca cc im mp li nc trn

CH THCH:

1. Khi tnh ta x v y ca cc im mp trn v mp di li nc trn phi nhn cc tr s ghi trong bng trn vi ct nc H bit. V tr trc ta X v Y xem Hnh 13.

Khi gp trng hp 0,5 1,3 (khc vi iu kin lp bng) th mp di ca li nc s thp hn mp di tnh c theo bng 1 mt khong 0,02H; mp trn ca li nc s cao hn mp trn tnh theo Bng 2 mt khong 0,015H.

5.2.1.4. Trng hp dng chy t do, p trn khng ngp c co hp bn, tnh theo cng thc:

Trong : m0 l h s lu lng, khi P1 0,5H; H 0,1m; ( 1,0 th m0 phi tnh theo cng

Trong cc cng thc trn cc tr s b; Bt v H u tnh bng m.

CH THCH:

1. Tr s A1 v A2 tnh theo cng thc (12) v (13) ghi trong Bng C.1 v C.2 Ph lc C.

2.Khi thit k k thut cng trnh cp I v II, nu H P1 0,5H v 0,2 H 0,1m th m0 tnh theo cng thc (12) phi c chnh xc ha trong phng th nghim.

3. Khi b = Bt th m0 tnh theo cng thc (10).

5.2.2. Trng hp chy khng t do:

5.2.2.1. Dng chy khng t do c th chia lm 2 trng hp:

1) Cng tha mn iu kin 1 v 2 nu 5.2.1.1, lc mc nc h lu ngay gn p trn cao hn nh p.

2) Khng tha mn 2 iu kin trn cng mt lc hoc 1 trong 2 iu kin khng c tha mn, lc mc nc h lu gn p trn thp hn nh p.

5.2.2.2. Mc nc h lu gn p trn thp hn nh p:

1) Li nc b p v khong khng di li nc khng cha y nc (Hnh 14). c im ca li nc ny l pha di c khong chn khng, c tc dng ko li nc tin gn v pha thnh p v mt nc di li nc cng theo m dng cao ln, nhng khong khng di li nc trn khng b nc vo y, phn trn ca n vn cn khng kh.

2) Li nc b p v khong khng di li nc cha y nc (Hnh 15). Trng hp ny so vi trng hp ni trn khc nhau ch khng kh di li nc b nc chy cun theo v ton b khong khng di li nc trn b nc chy cun theo v ton b khong khng di li nc cha y nc.

3) Li nc dnh st (Hnh 16). Trong trng hp ny, li nc trn dnh st vo thnh p.

Hnh 14 - Li nc b p nhng khong khng pha di c cha khng kh

Hnh 15 - Li nc b p nhng khong khng pha di c cha y nc

Hnh 16 - Li nc dnh st

5.2.2.3. i vi p trn khng co hp bn, nu khng kh hon ton khng th lt vo di li nc trn th xy ra cc trng hp sau:

5.2.2.3.1. Nu H > 0,4P th lun lun c li nc b p, khong khng di li nc cha y nc (loi che lp hoc loi hin r, Hnh 15).

5.2.2.3.2. Nu H < 0,4P th:

1) Nu hH > P - H s sinh ra li nc b p kiu che lp, khong khng di li nc cha y nc (trong trng hp ny, khng th sinh ra kiu hin r, Hnh 15).

2) Nu hH < P - H s sinh ra li nc b p, khong khng di li nc khng b nc vo y (kiu hin r hoc kiu che kn, Hnh 14) hoc l li nc dnh st thnh p (dng chy kiu hin r hoc che lp, Hnh 16).

Vn dng li nc trn cp ti mc 1 v 2 phi c gii quyt theo ch thch ca 5.2.1.1

5.2.2.4. i vi p trn khng c co hp bn, li nc b p v khong khng di li nc cha y nc.

Khi 1,9 > > 0,15 th lu lng phi tnh theo cng thc 11. H s m0 tnh theo cc cng thc di y:

5.2.2.4.1. Trng hp nc kiu hin r (khi p trn khng phi l p ngp):

5.2.2.4.2. Trng hp li nc b che lp (khi p trn l p ngp)

Trong motc l h s lu lng ca p tiu chun (5.2.1.2). p tiu chun ny vi p trn ang cp y c cng mt tr s H v P.

CH THCH: Tr s ca m0 tnh theo cng thc (15) khi H = 0,4P; (m0)max = 1,2motc.

5.2.2.5. Khi mc nc h lu gn ngay p trn cao hn nh p th phi chia lm 2 trng hp: chy y v chy mt xt. Trng hp chy y, sau khi chy qua nh p, li nc rt xung di y (Hnh 16); trng hp chy mt, sau khi chy qua nh p, li nc s trn theo mt nc h lu (Hnh 17).

1) Khi 0,15 bao gi cng s c ch chy mt.

2) Khi 0,30 bao gi cng s c ch chy y.

3) Khi 0,15 < < 0,30 c th sinh ra ch chy mt, cng c th sinh ra ch chy y v dng chy trong trng hp ny l khng n nh.

Hnh 17 - p trn thnh mng ch nht chy ngp c ch khng n nh

5.2.3. Trng hp p chy ngp (Mc nc h lu ngay gn p trn cao hn nh p)

Hnh 18 - p trn thnh mng chy ngp

Nu mc nc h lu gn ngay p trn cao hn nh p, ng thi nc h lu hon ton khng th lun vo khong khng di li nc trn th p coi nh b ngp. Loi p ngp ny d trong trng hp chy y hoc chy mt u tnh theo cng thc (11), h s lu lng ly l:

Trong :

motc c xc nh theo cng thc (10).

n l h s ngp, trong trng hp 0,15 1,90 v 0 1, 60 th n c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

CH THCH:

1. Trong Bng C.3 tnh sn cc tr s n tnh theo cng thc (3.14) ty thuc vo tr s v

2. Trong trng hp 0,15 0,25 v 0 0,03 tr s n tm c theo cng thc (18) ln hn thc t t 3 % n 5 %. Do tr s n tm c theo v phi nhn thm h s 0,96.

5.3. p trn thnh mng nm nghing (mt ct ngang hnh ch nht)

Trong trng hp khng kh c th vo t do pha di li nc trn v tng p li nghing th lu lng chy qua p trn khng ngp, khng co hp bn, phi tnh theo cng thc di y:

Q = k.QH

(19)Trong :

QH l lu lng tm bng cch thay cc tr s cho trc H, P, b ca p nghing vo trong cng thc (9) tnh ra.

k l h s hiu chnh, xc nh ph thuc vo t s (Hnh 19 v 20) theo Bng 3.

CH THCH: iu kin khng ngp ca p trn thnh mng nm nghing phi ly theo 5.2.1.

Bng 3 - H s hiu chnh k xt ti nh hng ca nghing thnh mng i vi tr s lu lng

nghing ca thnh pT s

thng ng 01 : 32 : 31 : 12 : 14 : 15 : 16 : 17 : 18 : 1

Nghing v thng lu (Hnh 19)1,000,960,930,91

Nghing v h lu (Hnh 20)1,001,0501,0871,1121,1351,1031,0901,0781,0661,055

Hnh 19 - p trn thnh mng nm nghing v pha thng lu

Hnh 20 p trn thnh mng nm nghing v pha h lu

5.4. p trn thnh mng c dng mt ct c bit

5.4.1. p trn thnh mng c mt ct ngang l hnh thang

Hnh 21

Hnh 22

Cng thc chung ca dng mt ct ny l:

Trong : m = 0,42 + 0,1n - 0,34; = nH/b ( y n = cotg), gc xem trn Hnh 21Hoc c th p dng cng thc:

Trong m = 0,55 - 0,24

Ct nc gii hn tnh ton theo cng thc:Hmin = 0,15b/n.

Hmax = 0,45b/n.

Khi gc ( = 14o (Hnh 22), trong trng hp ny ly gi tr m l hng s m = 0,42. Cng thc tnh ton nh sau: Q = mbH3/2 trong m = 1,86 m/s0,5.

5.4.2. p trn thnh mng c mt ct ngang l hnh tam gic

Hnh 23

Lu lng qua trn c mt ct ngang l hnh tam gic tnh theo cng thc:

Khi ( = 90o v m= 0,4, khi lu lng qua trn c mt ct ngang l hnh tam gic tnh theo cng thc sau: Q = 1,4H5/2. (Hnh 23)

6. p trn chnh din nh rng hnh ch nht

6.1. nh ngha, nguyn tc v s tnh

6.1.1. p trn nh rng hnh ch nht l p trn c: chiu cao bt k, ngng trn nm ngang, mp thng lu v h lu ca ngng trn c hnh dng ty v chiu rng ca ngng trn nm ngang phi tha mn iu kin sau:

(t 2 n 3).H ( (t 8 n 10).H

(23)

Khi h s lu lng ca p trn (xem 3.7) m = 0,30 th h s trong ngoc v bn phi bt ng thc (23) ly bng 10; khi m = 0,38 th ly bng 8.

CH THCH: nu ( ln hn tr s ln nht v phi ca bt ng thc (23) th p trn c tnh nh sau:

+ Tnh ton kh nng tho ca trn c xem nh tnh ton knh h (khng p), thay i dn (v ng mt nc trong knh xc nh cc tn tht).

+ Tnh ton nh p trn nh rng chy ngp (vi mc nc sau ca vo c tnh dn t h lu ngc v thng lu - xem s Hnh 24).

Hnh 24 S p trn nh rng c nh hng ca knh h lu khi khng tha mn cng thc (23)

6.1.2. S tnh ton ca ng mt nc t do i vi p trn nh rng phi ly nh sau:

6.1.2.1. Trong trng hp p trn khng ngp, nh trong Hnh 25 a) hoc 25 b).

Trong Hnh 25 v 26 c nhng k hiu di y ( iu 3 cha cp n):

hk su phn gii ( su ti hn) i vi knh trn hnh ch nht, tnh theo cng thc di y:

Trong : q l lu lng n v tnh bng:

Trng hp p khng ngp, hk tnh theo cng thc di y:

Trong :

ml h s lu lng, tr s ca n xc nh theo 6.2.2.

K-Kl ng su phn gii song song vi vi y knh trn (ngng trn) v cch y knh mt khong cch bng hk.

h1 v h2l chiu su ct nc cui on nc vo (mt ct 1-1) v u on nc ra (mt ct 2-2) (Hnh 25).

ZTl chnh on vo;

Z0Tl chnh on vo, c tnh c lu tc ti gn: (27)

ZHl chnh on ra. chnh ny chia lm 2 loi: chnh dng ZH (Hnh 25 a) v chnh m ZH (Hnh 25 b v Hnh 26).

Zhpl chiu cao hi phc, tc l tr s tuyt i ca chnh m on ra (Hnh 25 b v Hnh 26).

Hnh 25 - S chy ca p trn nh rng khng ngp (a v b) v dng qu ca mt t do (c)(LT, LH, (1 v (3 trong hnh khng v theo t l)

Hnh 26 - S chy ca p nh rng chy ngp (LT, LH, (1 v (3 trong hnh v khng theo t l)

LTl chiu di on dn nc vo p trn, LT dng xc nh v tr mt ct T-T ti s tnh cc cc i lng H, Vo, BT v hT.

LHl chiu di on dn nc ra p trn, LH dng xc nh v tr mt ct H-H ti s tnh cc cc i lng hH, hn, BH v P.

(1l chiu di on nc vo ca p trn;

(2l chiu di ca on p trn;

(3l chiu di on nc ra ca p trn.

CH THCH:

1) Trong trng hp p trn khng ngp (Hnh 25) khi chiu su hn ln hn 0,7H0 th c th sinh ra dng qu ca ng mt nc t do, c trng ca n l trn ngng p s xut hin sng ng (Hnh 25c).

2) Nu p trn l p c co hp bn th trn ngng p cng s c sng ng (trn mt phng th nhng sng ny xin).

6.1.3. i vi p trn nh rng th chiu di ca on dn nc vo phi ly nh sau:

6.1.3.1. Nu pha trc mp vo ca p trn khng c on hng nc vo, c dng cu to ring hoc tuy c nhng chiu di ca n khng ln hn (t 3H n 5H) v don ny c to thnh bi cc mt ct thng lu ca cc m bin v mt thng lu ca ngng p c hng nghing th chiu di ca on dn nc vo xc nh theo cng thc (5).

6.1.3.2. Nu chiu di ca on hng nc bng (t 3H n 5H) n (t 15H n 20H) th chiu di ca on dn nc (LT) c th ly bng chiu di ca on ny (tc l mt ct T-T xc nh ti ch bt u ca on hng nc vo).

6.1.3.3. Nu chiu di ca on hng nc vo ln hn (t 15H n 20H) th chiu di LT bng:LT = t 15H n 20H

(28)

Hnh 27 - ng cong dng xc nh gii hn ngp ca p nh rng(Theo cng thc ca P.P Tru-ga-p )

6.1.4. Nu hn nH0

(29)

th p trn nh rng c coi l b ngp (Hnh 25). Trong cng thc trn n l h s (gi l ch s ngp) c tr s nm trong phm vi di y:

0,75 n (0,83 n 0,87)

(30)

Dng biu trn Hnh 27 xc nh tr s chnh xc ca n, h s ny ph thuc vo h s lu lng m, (xem 6.2.2) v h s m rng dng chy khi chy ra h lu (H; tr s (H tnh theo cng thc sau y:

trong (H l din tch mt ct t h lu, o ti mt ct H-H (xem hnh 26).Nu khng tha mn iu kin nu trong cng thc (29) th p trn c coi l p khng ngp (Hnh 25).

CH THCH: Trong trng hp (H < 0,05 hoc (H > 0,98 th tr s n ly bng 0,75.

6.1.5. Trong mi trng hp nu p trn nh rng tha mn c bt ng thc di y th s khng xt ti lu tc ti gn (V0):

(T > 4(b.H)

(32)Trong (T - l din tch mt ct t thng lu o ti mt ct T-T, khi ly:

H0 = H : Z0T = ZT

(33)

6.2. p trn nh rng chy khng ngp6.2.1. p trn nh rng khng ngp (Hnh 25) tnh theo cng thc di y:

Trong : m l h s lu lng, xc nh theo 6.2.2.

Trong trng hp ring, th d H, b nh trc mun tnh lu lng Q cng c th p dng cng thc di y:

Trong : m0 l h s lu lng c xt n lu tc gn, h s ny c xc nh theo biu Hnh 28 cn c vo h s lu lng m v h s co hp ca dng chy khi i vo knh trn:

Trong (T ging nh 6.1.5.

6.2.2. Khi lp nhim v thit k, cng nh tin hnh gn ng ln th nht (trng hp tnh bng phng php th dn) giai on D n u t v thit k k thut h s lu lng ca p trn nh rng phi ly nh sau:

6.2.2.1. i vi cc p trn c mp vo (nm ngang hoc thng ng) vt trn hoc vt xin (hnh v trong cc bng s 5; 6; 8 v 9) cng nh trong trng hp cc ngng trn v m bin pha thng lu c hng nghing hoc vt (v pha h lu) th ly m = 0,35.

6.2.2.2. i vi nhng p trn nh rng c dng khc th ly m= 0,32.

Khi thit k s b v k thut, tr s chnh xc (cui cng) ca m phi xc nh theo phng php ca .I. Kumin.

Hnh 28 - Cc ng cong dng xc nh h s lu lng c xt ti lu tc ti gn m0 (theo cng thc ca Cu min)6.2.2.2.1. Trng hp p trn khng c co hp bn (b = BT) xc nh m theo cc Bng 4; 5 v 6.

Trong 3 bng ny th m s bin i theo nhng yu t di y:

a) Ph thuc vo chiu cao tng i ca p so vi thng lu, chiu cao tng i l:

b) Ph thuc vo tr s c trng cho hnh dng (trong mt ct thng ng) mp vo ca ngng trn (xem cc s ngng trn trong cc bng v cc k hiu trn cc s ).

6.2.2.2.2. Trng hp p khng c ngng (tc P1 = 0), khi 2,0 th xc nh m theo cc Bng t 7 n 9, tr s m ghi trong bng thay i theo nhng yu t sau:

a) Ph thuc vo chiu rng tng i ca ngng trn pha thng lu, chiu rng tng i l:

b) Ph thuc vo tr s c trng cho hnh dng (trn mt phng) ca mp vo thng ng ca p trn (xem cc s trong cc bng v cc k hiu km theo).

6.2.2.2.3. Trong trng hp chung, khi:

th tr s m (khi t s 2,0 ) xc nh nh sau:

a) Cn c vo hnh dng mp ca ngng trn, tr s m tng ng vi (T = tm mt trong 3 bng: 4; 5 v 6 ( hng cui cng trong bng) v biu th bng m(.

b) Cn c vo hnh dng mp cc mt vo hoc mp thng ng ca cc m bin, tm tr s m ng vi (T = 0 mt trong 3 bng 7; 8 v 9 (hng ngang u tin trong bng) v biu th bng m(.

c) em so snh m( v m( tm c cc mc a v b ni trn, lc :

- Nu m( m( th tr s m phi xc nh theo cng thc sau y:

- Nu m( m( th tr s m phi xc nh theo cng thc sau y:

Trong cng thc (4.40) v (4.41):

CH THCH:

1. Trong cng thc (4.40) v (4.41) tr s F( v F( c th coi bng khng khi (T > (ch v khi (T < ((T)np. Tr s cc hn (ch v ((T)ch c th cn c vo m( v m( tra tm theo bng 10 v 11.

2. Nu hnh dng mp vo ca p trn (gm c mp nm ngang v mp thng ng) khng ging nh trong cc bng 4 n 9 th tr s m phi c xc nh bng cc suy lun theo cc s liu trong cc bng ni trn.

6.2.3. Nu Q, H0 v b bit th chiu su h1 mt ct 1-1 trn ngng p trn khng ngp phi xc nh theo cng thc:

Trong :

( l h s lu tc, trong trng hp p trn khng ngp ( c xc nh ty thuc vo tr s m tra Bng 13.

Chiu su h2 ti mt ct 2-2 ly bng:

h2 = h1

(45)

Hnh 29 - Cc ng cong dng xc nh ct nc H0 ca p nh rng khng ngp v chiu su h1 trn nh p

CH THCH: gim nh vic tnh ton c th ng dng cc ng cong tnh ton trn hnh 4-6 (xem ng cong biu din K = f(m ca biu ny). Nu m bit th c th da vo ng cong tm c K ri cn c vo cng thc di y tnh h1.

Cn ch , trong trng hp p trn nh rng khng ngp, chiu su h1 bao gi cng trong phm vi di y:

Bng 4 H s lu lng m ca p trn nh rng khng co hp bn (b = Bt). Dng cho cc trng hp mt thng lu p trn l nghing

cotg

- - 1,0- 0,5Mt thng ng (cotg = 0)0,51,01,52,02,5

0,00,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,385

0,20,3610,3620,3630,3660,3720,3800,3800,3820,382

0,40,3470,3490,3510,3560,3650,3770,3770,3800,381

0,60,3390,3410,3440,3500,3610,3700,3760,3790,380

0,80,3330,3350,3380,3450,3570,3680,3750,3780,379

1,00,3280,3310,3340,3420,3550,3670,3740,3770,378

2,00,3170,3200,3240,3330,3490,3630,3710,3750,377

4,00,3090,3130,3170,3270,3450,3610,3700,3740,376

6,00,3070,3100,3150,3250,3140,3600,3690,3740,376

8,00,3050,3090,3140,3240,3430,3600,3690,3740,376

0,3000,3040,3090,3200,3400,3580,3680,3730,375

Bng 5 - H s lu lng ca p trn nh rng, khng co hp bn (b = Bt). Dng cho cc trng hp mt thng lu ca p trn l mt thng ng mp vo un cong

0,0250,050,10,20,40,60,8 1

0,00,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,385

0,20,3720,3740,3750,3770,3790,3800,3810,382

0,40,3650,3680,3700,3740,3760,3770,3790,381

0,60,3610,3640,3670,3700,3740,3760,3780,380

0,80,3570,3610,3640,3680,3720,3750,3770,379

1,00,3550,3590,3620,3660,3710,3740,3760,378

2,00,3490,3540,3580,3630,3680,3710,3750,377

4,00,3450,3500,3550,3600,3660,3700,3730,376

6,00,3440,3490,3540,3590,3660,3690,3730,376

0,3400,3460,3510,3570,3640,3680,3720,375

Bng 6 H s lu lng m ca p trn nh rng, khng co hp bn (b = Bt). Dng trong trng hp mt thng lu ca p l mt thng ng, mp vo vt xin

0,0250,050,1 0,2

0,00,3850,3850,3850,385

0,20,.710,3740,3760,377

0,40,3640,3670,3700,373

0,60,3590,3630,3670,370

0,80,3560,3600,3650,368

1,00,3530,3580,3630,367

2,00,3470,3530,3580,363

4,00,3420,3490,3550,361

6,00,3410,3480,3540,360

0,3370,3450,3520,358

Bng 7 H s lu lng m ca p trn khng c ngng (P1 = 0). Dng cho trng hp mt thng lu ca cc m bn b tr xin so vi hng nc chy

cotgHyc

- - 1,0- 0,5Mt thng ng(cotg = 0)0,51,02,03,0

0,00,3000,3040,3080,3200,3430,3500,3530,350

0,10,3030,3060,3100,3220,3440,3510,3540,351

0,20,3060,3090,3130,3240,3460,3520,3550,352

0,30,3090,3130,3160,3270,3480,3540,3570,354

0,40,3140,3170,3200,3300,3500,3560,3580,356

0,50,3190,3220,3250,3340,3520,3580,3600,358

0,60,3260,3280,3310,3400,3560,3610,3630,361

0,70,3340,3360,3390,3460,3600,3640,3660,364

0,80,3450,3470,3490,3550,3650,3690,3700,369

0,90,3610,3620,3630,3670,3730,3750,30,375

1,00,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,385

CH THCH: Tr s m tng ng vi cotgyc > 0 trong bng, cng nn dng cho on dn nc hnh loa hp bi cnh g ca m p.

Bng 8 H s lu lng m ca p trn khng c ngng (P1 = 0) dng cho trng hp mt thng lu m m bin thng gc vi hng nc chy vi mp vo ln trn

00,050,100,200,300,40 0,50

0,00,3200,3350,3420,3490,3540,3570,360

0,10,3220,3370,3440,3500,3550,3580,361

0,20,3240,3380,3450,3510,3560,3590,362

0,30,3270,3400,3470,3530,3570,3600,363

0,40,3300,3430,3490,3550,3590,3620,364

0,50,3340,3460,3520,3570,3610,3630,366

0,60,3400,3500,3540,3600,3630,3650,368

0,70,3460,3550,3590,3630,3660,3680,370

0,80,3550,3620,3650,3680,3710,3720,373

0,90,3670,3710,3730,3750,3760,3770,378

1,00,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,3850,385

Bng 9 - H s lu lng m ca p khng c ngng (P1 = 0) dng cho trng hp mt thng lu m bin thng gc vi hng nc chy, vi mp vo vt xin

00,0250,050,1 0,2

0,00,3200,3350,3400,3450,350

0,10,3220,3370,3410,3460,351

0,20,3240,3380,3430,3480,352

0,30,3270,3410,3450,3490,354

0,40,3300,3430,3470,3510,356

0,50,3340,3460,3500,3540,358

0,60,3400,3500,3540,3570,361

0,70,3460,3550,3580,3610,364

0,80,3550,3620,3640,3660,369

0,90,3670,3710,3720,3740,375

1,00,3850,3850,3850,3850,385

Bng 10 Tr s cc hn (chm(0,30,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,38

(ch6,505,504,503,502,752,001,250,500

Bng 11 Tr s cc hn ((T)chm(0,30,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,38

(ch0,200,250,300,350400,450,550,751,00

Bng 12 H s lu tc ( ca p trn nh rng khng ngp

m(0,30,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,38

(0,9430,9500,9560,9630,9700,9760,9830,9900,996

6.2.4. Khi v ng mt nc t do ca p trn khng ngp th phi cn c vo LT, H, h1 v h2 tm c theo 6.1.3; 6.2.1 v 6.2.3. Ngoi ra cn phi xt n tr s ca (1 v (3 di y (Hnh 25 v 26).

1. Khi h1 > hn th: (1 = 2H; (3 = H (48)

2. Khi h1 hn th: (1 = 2H; (3 = 0 (49)CH THCH: vt cao ca sng c th nm trn ngng p trn nn ly nh sau: i vi trng hp ch thch 1 ca 6.2 th ly bng hn.

i vi trng hp ch thch 2 ca 6.2 th ly bng 0,6H0.

6.2.5. Khi cn c vo lu lng bit v lu tc bnh qun V trn ngng p tnh ton p trn nh rng khng ngp, th ngoi ti liu ghi cc iu t 6.2.1 n 6.2.4 cn phi p dng nhng cng thc sau y:

Trong : ( v k xc nh theo ng cong v trong Hnh 29 ph thuc vo m.

6.2.6. Khi trn ngng ca p trn c nhiu m tr, trong trng hp chiu rng ca p trn khng ngp v bng chiu rng ca lng dn thng lu (B=BT), th lu lng chy qua p trn phi tnh theo cng thc sau:

Trong :

B l chiu rng ca p trn, bng khong cch gia 2 mt trong ca tng bin:B = b + d (xem Hnh 4.30).

b l tng chiu di trn nc ca tt c cc khoang trn.

d l tng chiu dy ca tt c cc m tr.

0 l h s co hp ngang ca p trn, do cc m tr gy nn.

m l h s lu lng chn theo 6.2.2. vi nguyn tc phi coi mi mt khoang gia 2 m tr l mt p trn khng ngp ring r v phi xt n hnh dng ca ngng trn v mp vo thng ng ca p v m tr khi tr s ( l:

CH THCH:

1. Nu trn nh p trn c m tr th tr s ca ch s ngp n tm c theo 6.1.4 phi tng ln 5 %.

2.* Khi B < BT th cng vn tnh ton theo nh nhng ch dn nu trn, nhng thay cng thc (54) bng cng thc di y:

Hnh 30 - S xc nh chiu rng p trn

6.2.7. Nu rt nhiu p trn khng ngp c ngn bi nhiu m tr th mi p trn u phi cn c vo qui nh cc iu ni trn m ln lt tnh ton.

Ngoi ra, cn phi p dng h thc v (T v (H di y (hai h thc ny dung tm ra m v n).

6.3. p trn nh rng chy ngp

6.3.1. p trn nh rng chy ngp (Hnh 26) tnh theo cng thc di y:

Trong :

h1 l chiu su ti mt ct 1-1 xc nh theo 6.3.2.

(n l h s lu tc ca p chy ngp tra theo Bng 13 ph thuc vo m (6.2.2).

Bng 13 H s lu tc (n ca p trn nh rng chy ngp

m0,300,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,38

(n0,76

0,78*0,810,840,870,900,930,960,980,99

(0,78* ng vi trng hp < 0,85)

6.3.2. Trong cng thc (56) chiu su h1 trn ngng p ly l:

h1 = h2

(59)h2 tnh theo cng thc di y:

h1 = h2 - Zhp

(60)Trong : Zhp l l chiu cao hi phc, tr s ca n l:

Zhp = (hp . hk

(61)

(hp l cao hi phc tng i xc nh theo biu Hnh 31 ph thuc vo h s m rng (H khi dng chy i xung h lu (xem cng thc 31) v ph thuc vo ngp tng i (n.

Hnh 31 - ng cong xc nh chiu cao hi phc tng i (hp ca p nh rng

Tr s ngp tng i bng:

CH THCH: Khi lp nhim v thit k v khi tnh ton gn ng ln th nht trong cc giai on D n u t v thit k k thut (nu dung phng php th dn) th khng xt n chiu cao hi phc m ly:

h1 = h2 = h0

(63)

6.3.3. Trong iu kin p ngp, khi xc nh mt nc t do ca dng chy, phi ly cc tr s LT, H v h1, h2 theo qui nh cc iu 6.1.3; 6.3.1; 6.3.2 v (1; (3 xc nh theo cng thc (49).

Chiu di on nc ra LH phi ly l:

1/ Khi b > BH th LH = 3(BH - b)

(64)

nhng khng c nh hn 6P.

2/ Khi b BH th LH = 12b

(65)

nhng khng c nh hn 6P.

CH THCH: Nu p trn c co hp ngang th tr s vt cao ca sng ng c th trn ngng trn (xem ch thch 2 ca 6.1.2) phi ly l h0 + 0,1Z.

6.3.4. Khi tnh p trn nh rng chy ngp, nu cn c vo lu lng v lu tc trung bnh V trn ngng trn bit, th ngoi vic phi tun theo nhng qui nh ca 6.3.1 n 6.3.3 ra, cn phi s dng nhng cng thc di y:

Trong cng thc (n chn theo Bng 13 ph thuc vo m.

6.3.5. Nu p trn nh rng chy ngp c cc m tr th phi tnh ton theo cng thc di y:

b l tng chiu di trn nc ca tt c cc khoang trn.

Trong :

(n, h1 c th tnh theo trng hp khng c m tr (6.3.1 v 6.3.2)

(g l h s ph thm ca lu tc 0 0,80 th tr s ca n tnh theo cng thc:

(g = 0,50 + 0,5

(69)

Do nh hng ca cc m tr, h s co hp ngang ca p trn 0 tnh theo cng thc (53).

CH THCH:

1. Khi 0 > 0,96 th khng tnh n nh hng ca m tr i vi dng chy.

Khi 0,8 < 0 < 0,86 v mp vo ca m tr un trn th h s (g tnh c theo cng thc (69) phi tng thm 2 %.

2. Cc vn ngp ca p trn c m tr th phi tnh theo ch thch 1 ca 6.2.6.

6.3.6. Khi c nhiu p trn chy ngp ngn cch bi cc m tr th mi p trn cn c tnh ring theo cc iu qui nh trn, tr s (T v (H xc nh theo cc cng thc (56) v (57).

7. p trn chnh din hnh ch nht c mt ct thc dng

7.1. Phn loi v nguyn tc tnh ton

p trn c mt ct thc dng chia lm 3 loi sau y:

7.1.1. p trn c chn khng, c c trng chung l nh p (hoc gn ) xut hin chn khng.

7.1.2. p khng c chn khng, loi thng thng c c trng chung l nh p (hay gn ) c p lc dng. p lc dng so vi p lc khng kh chnh lch rt nh (cho nn trong thc t, p lc ny thng ly bng p lc khng kh).

7.1.3. p trn khng c chn khng v c nh p to, c c trng l nh p v gn c p lc dng, nhng p lc ny ln hn so vi p lc khng kh.

CH THCH:

1. Vi mt p trn nht nh, ty theo s thay i ca tr s H m p c lc lm vic theo kiu chn khng; c lc li l kiu khng chn khng v c khi ging p nh to.

2.* Cn phi ch phn bit trng hp chy qua p trn, c nh l thnh mng (xem iu 4), mt thng lu v h lu ca p khng song song vi nhau v khng kh c th t do lt xung di ln nc trn.

7.2. Cng thc c bn

p c mt ct thc dng, hoc nhiu p c mt ct thc dng ngn cch bi nhng tr, m nh p cng trn mt cao , th phi tnh theo cng thc di y:

Trong :

b l tng chiu di trn nc ca tt cc khoang trn. Khi p trn ch c mt khoang b = b.

(n l h s ngp chn theo 7.3.

l h s co hp ngang, chn theo 7.4.

m l h s lu lng, chn theo cc iu 7.6.1 n 7.9.3.

Trong trng hp c bit, khi tnh lu lng Q theo H v b, th thay cng thc (70) bng cng thc di y:

Trong : m0 l h s lu lng xt n lu tc ti gn.

Tch s (n, , m0) trong cng thc (71) c th cn c vo tr s ca (n, , m) v T xc nh theo biu Hnh 28, nhng lc trc tung khng phi l m m l (n, , m) v ng cong khng phi l m0 m l (n, , m0).

Khi tnh T th phi dng cng thc (36), nhng b trong cng thc phi thay bng b.

CH THCH:

1. Trong bt c trng hp no, nu tha mn bt ng thc:

(trong cng thc (T, l din tch mt ct t o ti mt ct T-T thng lu (mc 3 Hnh 3) th lu tc ti gn V0 khng cn tnh v ly:

H0 = H; m0 = m

(73)

2. Nu h s lu lng m ca p no cha c qui nh trong mc 7.1 th phi xc nh theo cc s liu ghi trong 7.5 n 7.8.

Trong trng hp cn phi chnh xc Q vi vi chnh xc cao hn 10 % th kt qu tnh ton phi c chnh xc ha bng cc th nghim trong phng.

7.3. H s ngp (n7.3.1. Tr s ca h s ngp (n trong cng thc (70) v (71) phi ly nh sau.

7.3.2. Nu dng chy h lu ngay st p c trng thi chy xit (ch yu do nc nhy xa to thnh) th p trn ny lun lun l p khng ngp, c h s ngp (n =1.

7.3.3. Nu dng chy h lu ngay st p c trng thi chy m (ch yu do nc nhy ngp to thnh) th p trn ny cng c th l p trn khng ngp, hoc l p trn ngp, trong trng hp , tr s (n ph thuc vo t s xc nh (nh ngha ca hn xem mc 3).

ng thi:

a) Nu p trn thuc loi chn khng v nh ca n l hnh elp (xem Ph lc A) th tr s (n phi xc nh theo ng cong kinh nghim Hnh 32;

b) Nu p trn thuc loi khng chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp (Xem Ph B) th (n xc nh theo Bng 14, i vi loi p ny, khi 0 , th p trn l p khng ngp, h s ngp n = 1,0.

Hnh 32 - th xc nh h s ngp n

CH DN:

1- p c chn khng;

2- p khng chn khng;3- p trn nh rng

Bng 14 - H s ngp (n ca p khng chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp

00,050,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,50

n1,000,9990,9980,9970,9960,9940,9910,9880,9830,9780,972

0,550,600,650,700,750,800,850,900,951,00

n0,9650,9570,9470,9330,910,800,760,700,590,410

CH THCH:

1. Trong trng hp n < 1,0 (xem 7.3): nu yu cu chnh xc ca tr s n tnh ton cao hn 10 % (khi < 0,7) hoc cao hn 30 % (khi 0,7) th vn ngp ca p phi chnh xc ha bng cc th nghim trong phng. Ch i vi p khng c chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp c < 0,70 th mi khng cn chnh xc ha thm bng cc th nghim trong phng.

2. h lu ca p c sinh ra nc nhy hay khng (quan h n vic xc nh trng thi dng chy h lu) c gii quyt theo ch thch ca 5.2.1.1, nhng lc khng dng n ng biu din trn biu Hnh 12 m dng biu hnh 5.2. Trn biu ny mi ng cong tng ng vi mt tr s ca h s lu lng khc nhau (m).

Hnh 33 - Cc ng cong xc nh chnh tng i ti hn ca p thc dng

7.4. H s co hp ngang

7.4.1. Khi xc nh h s co hp ngang trong cng thc (70) v (71), phi tun theo nhng qui nh di y:

7.4.1.1. Khi 1,0

(75)

th h s xc nh nh sau:

a) p trn ch c mt khoang (khng c m tr):

trong :

(k. l h s gim lu lng do nh hng ca hnh dng mp vo tng bin; xc nh theo Hnh 34. Trn Hnh 34 nu ln 3 tr s (k ca 3 loi mp vo ca tng bin c hnh dng khc nhau.

Hnh 34 - Cc loi mp vo ca tng bin

b) p trn c nhiu khoang ging nhau c ngn cch bi nhng m tr c hnh dng nh nhau (chiu dy l d) v ng thi tha mn 2 iu kin di y:

(trong cng thc, d l tng s chiu dy ca tt c cc m tr) th h s quyt nh theo cng thc di y:

trong :

n l s khoang trn.

(0 l h s gim lu lng do nh hng ca hnh dng ca m tr trn mt bng (Hnh 35 v 36) v v tr tng i gia mt gip nc hoc cnh gip nc ca cc m tr vi mt thng lu ca p (Hnh 37).

Khi < 0,75 , tr s (0 ly theo Bng 15

Khi 0,75 , tr s (0 ly theo Bng 16.

Hnh 35 - Hnh dng ca vo m tr

Hnh 36 - Mt bng m tr

c) Khi m tr c hnh dng nh nhau chia p thnh nhiu khoang ging nhau, nhng nu mt trong hai iu kin ca h thc (77) khng tha mn th h s vn xc nh theo cng thc (76) nhng (k trong cng thc (78) phi thay bng (0 cho ph hp vi hnh dng ca m tr trn mt bng (xem Bng 15 v 16).

Hnh 37 - V tr tng i mt gip nc ca m tr vi mt thng lu p

Bng 15 - H s gim lu lng 0 khi < 0,75

Hnh dng trn mt bng ca m tr pha thng luKhong cch lo o theo phng nm ngang ca hng nc chy t cnh gip nc ca tr ti mt thng lu ca pCh thch

l0 = H0l0 = 0,5H0l0 = 0l0 = -0,3H0

Hnh ch nht(Hnh 35a)0,20,40,8-Khi cnh gip nc (hay mt gip nc) ca tr nm nh v pha trc trc mt thng ca thnh p th l0 c tr s l dng

Hnh ln cong(Hnh 35b)0,150,300,450

Hnh con thoi(Hnh 35c)0,100,150,250

Bng 16 - H s gim lu lng (0 khi < 0,75Hnh dng m tr trn mt bngT s

Ch thch

0,750,800,850,900,951,00

Hnh ch nht Hnh 36a)0,800,860,920,981,001,00Trong trng hp ny, lu lng chy qua p trn ph thuc vo hnh dng ca tr p c 2 pha: thng v h lu.

Hnh ln cong c thng v h lu (Hnh 36b)0,450,510,570,630,690,70

Hnh con thoi (Hnh 36c)0,250,320,390,460,530,60

7.4.1.2. Khi

(79)H s vn tnh ton nh trng hp 1,0 ni trn, tc l dng cng thc (76) hoc (78), hoc ly (0 thay cho (k sau dng cng thc (78) - (xem Hnh 35a, 35b, 35c v 36a, 36b, 36c trn) nhng trong cng thc phi ly t s = 1,0 (bt lun tr s thc ca n l bao nhiu).

CH THCH 1: Khi p ch m mt vi ca th h s co hp ngang vn phi tnh nh trn, nhng phi xem m tr hai bn khoang trn c ca m nh tng bin ca p (tng bin ny c tr s (0 ring).

CH THCH 2: Khi nh p c nhiu m tr (xem 7.2) th tr s tm c (tnh ra theo trng hp khng c m tr) phi gim bt i 5 % n 10 %.

CH THCH 3: Khi cn xc nh vi chnh xc cao hn 10 %, th vn co hp bn phi c chnh xc ha bng cc th nghim trong phng.

C th tnh ton h s co hp bn theo cng thc sau:

Trong :

Kb l h s xt n co hp bn ca dng chy c xc nh theo cng thc:

BT l chiu rng tnh ton thng lu c xc nh theo trung bnh s hc ca chiu rng thng lu (nm trong phm vi gia MNDBT v cao trnh ngng trn). Khi c nhiu khoang ca th BT c xc nh chi tit i vi mi khoang ca theo phng php phn on (xem Hnh 38)

Kr1 v Kr2 h s c xt n cc m tr nh v c tnh ton theo cng thc:

Kl l h s xt n s nh v (ko di ra) mt thng lu ca cc tr hoc cc m thng lu mt khong cch l0 t p trn (Xem Hnh 37):

Trong : Vl l vn tc trung bnh trn phn mt thng lu ca m di Li; L = l chiu di xc nh trn Hnh 37 (L = LAB + LBC)

Hnh 38 - S xc nh chiu rng tnh ton thng lu khi c nhiu ca

7.5. H s lu lng m ca p chn khng, nh elp (ellipse) (xem ph lc A) phi tra theo bng 17 ph thuc vo i lng v

Trong : r( l bn knh gi nh ca nh p.

l t s gia trc di vi trc ngn ca hnh elp nh p (xem ph lc A).

Bng 17 - H s lu lng m ca p chn khng, nh elp

3,02,01,0

1,00,4950,4870,486

1,20,5090,5000,497

1,40,5200,5120,506

1,60,5300,5210,513

1,80,5370,5310,521

2,00,5440,5400,526

2,20,5510,5480,533

2,40,5570,5540,538

2,60,5620,5600,543

2,80,5660,5650,549

3,00,5700,5690,553

3,20,5750,5730,557

3,40,5770,5770,560

Hnh 39 - Mt ct p khng chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp

Hnh 40 - Cc kiu hnh dng p khng chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp

7.6. H s lu lng m ca p khng chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp

7.6.1. Khi P1 3H, h s lu lng m ca p khng chn khng ny (xem Ph lc B v Hnh 39 i vi trng hp tng qut, hoc Hnh 40 i vi trng hp c bit) phi tnh theo cng thc sau:

trong :

mr l h s lu lng dn xut, mr = 0,504 (82)

( l h s hnh dng ly theo Bng 17, ph thuc vo cc i lng (T, (H v (Hnh 39 v Hnh 40).

H l chnh ct nc, ly theo bng 19, ph thuc vo T v . y Hh l ct nc nh hnh mt ct, tc l ct nc dng v on cong ch yu C-D ca p (xem Ph lc B).

Bng 18 - H s; hnh dng ( ca p trn khng chn khng C-ri-ghe -fi-x-rp

(T

()(H()

00,30,60,91,0

15150,880,8780,8550,8500,933

300,9100,9080,8850,8800,974

450,9240,9220,8990,8920,993

600,9270,9250,9020,8951,000

25150,8950,8930,8800,8880,933

300,9260,8240,9120,9200,974

450,9420,9400,9280,9340,993

600,9460,9440,9320,9401,000

35150,9050,9040,8970,9070,933

300,9400,9390,9320,9400,974

450,9570,9560,9490,9560,993

600,9610,9600,9540,9621,000

45150,9150,9150,9110,9190,933

300,9530,9530,9500,9560,974

450,9700,9700,9660,9730,993

600,9740,9740,9700,9781,000

55150,9230,9230,9220,9270,933

300,9620,9620,9600,9640,974

450,9810,9810,9800,9830,993

600,9850,9850,9840,9891,000

65150,9270,9270,9260,9290,933

300,9690,9690,9680,9700,974

450,9870,9870,9860,9880,993

600,9930,9930,9930,9951,000

75150,9300,9300,9300,9300,933

300,9720,9720,9720,9720,974

450,9920,9920,9920,9920,993

600,9980,9980,9980,9991,000

85150,9330,9330,9330,9330,933

300,9740,9740,9740,9740,974

450,9930,9930,9930,9930,993

601,0001,0001,0001,0001,000

95150,933---0,933

300,974---0,974

450,993---0,993

601,000---1,000

CH THCH: Khi (H > 60o tr s ( vn ly theo trng hp (H = 60o.

Bng 19 - H s chnh ct nc H ca p trn khng chn khng (theo ti liu ca H.. R-da-np v C-ri-ghe -fi-x-rp)

(r ()

15202530354045505560657075808590

0,20,8970,8930,8900,8860,8830,8790,8750,8720,8630,8640,8590,8570,8530,8500,8460,842

0,30,9180,9150,9120,9090,9060,9030,9000,8970,8940,8920,8890,8860,8830,8800,8770,874

0,40,9340,9320,9300,9280,9260,9230,9210,9190,9160,9140,9120,9090,9070,9050,9020,900

0,50,9480,9470,9450,9430,9420,9400,9380,9360,9340,9330,9310,9290,9270,9250,9230,922

0,60,9610,9600,9580,9570,9560,9540,9530,9520,9500,9490,9470,9460,9450,9430,9420,940

0,70,9720,9710,9700,9690,9680,9670,9660,9650,9640,9630,9620,9610,9600,9590,9580,957

0,80,9820,9820,9810,9800,9800,9790,9780,9780,9770,9770,9760,9750,9750,9740,9730,973

0,90,9910,9910,9910,9910,9900,9900,9900,9890,9890,9890,9880,9880,9880,9870,9870,987

1,01,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,000

1,11,0031,0081,0091,0091,0091,0091,0091,0101,0101,0111,0111,0111,0111,0121,0121,012

1,21,0161,0161,0171,0171,0171,0181,0191,0191,0201,0201,0211,0221,0221,0231,0231,024

1,31,0231,0231,0241,0251,0261,0251,0271,0281,0291,0301,0311,0311,0321,0331,0341,035

1,41,0291,0301,0321,0321,0341,0351,0361,0371,0381,0391,0401,0411,0421,0431,0441,045

1,51,0361,0371,0381,0401,0411,0421,0431,04410,461,0471,0481,0491,0511,0521,0541,054

1,61,0421,0431,0451,0461,0481,0501,0511,0521,0541,0551,0571,0581,0601,0611,0631,064

1,71,0481,0501,0511,0531,0551,0571,0581,0601,0621,0631,0651,0671,0681,0701,0721,074

1,81,0541,0561,0581,0591,0611,0631,0651,0671,0691,0711,0731,0741,0761,0781,0801,082

1,91,0591,0611,0631,0651,0681,0701,0721,0741,0761,0781,0801,0821,0841,0861,0891,091

2,01,0641,0671,0691,0711,0741,0761,0781,0801,0881,0851,0871,0891,0921,0941,0961,099

7.6.2. Khi H0 6,5P1 v H0 > 0,1m th h s lu lng mr trong cng thc (82) c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

+ H s hnh dng ( c xc nh theo Bng 20.

Bng 20 - H s hnh dng ca p khng chn khng

Gc nghing ca mt thng lu (TTr s h s hnh dng (( vi gc nghing ca mt h lu (H

153545 60

15

30

45

600,88

0,91

0,92

0,930,9

0,94

0,96

0,960,92

0,95

0,97

0,970,93

0,97

0,99

0,99

+ H s chnh ct nc (H c xc nh theo cng thc sau hoc c xc nh theo Bng 21.

Bng 21 - H s chnh ct nc H ca p trn khng chn khng

Tr s h s chnh ct nc (H vi gc nghing ca mt h lu (H

153545 60

15

30

45

600,88

0,91

0,92

0,930,9

0,94

0,96

0,960,92

0,95

0,97

0,970,93

0,97

0,99

0,99

7.6.3. p trn khng chn khng m mt p pha thng lu nh ra (Hnh 41) loi p ny so vi loi p v trong Hnh 40 khc nhau ch hnh dng mt thng lu AC, h s lu lng m phi chn nh sau:

Hnh 41 - p trn khng chn khng c mt thng lu nh ra

1) Nu chiu di ca on thng ng CB > 3H th h s lu lng m ca n bng h s lu lng ca p v trong Hnh 40c ngha l trong trng ny khng xt n phn lm vo BBA trong Hnh 41).

2) Nu chiu di on thng ng CB 3H th h s lu lng ca n phi ly nh hn h s lu lng ca p v trong Hnh 40c l 2 %.

7.6.4. Nu trn ngng trn c mt on nm ngang rng = 0,5H (Hnh 40c) th h s lu lng tm c theo 7.6 phi gim bt 3 %.

7.7. H s lu lng ca p trn c mt ct cong bng cch bt cc gc ca mt ct hnh thang

7.7.1. i vi p cao (P1 3H, Hnh 42) c

( = (1 1,5)Hh

(84)th h s lu lng m phi ly l:

m = 48H

(85)

Trong 2 cng thc trn, tr s ca Hh xem Ph lc B, cn H tra theo ct cui cng ca Bng 19 ph thuc vo t s .

Hnh 42

7.7.2. i vi p c mt ct hnh cong cao trung bnh (2H < P1 < 3H) hoc thp (0,5H P1 2H - Hnh 43) c mt h lu hoc mt thng lu thng ng, th h s lu lng m phi ly nh sau:

1) Khi mt thng lu nghing - h s lu lng ca n phi ln hn h s lu lng ca mt ct hnh thang trc khi bin i thnh mt ct cong 3 % (xem 6.2.2).

2) Khi mt h lu nghing - h s lu lng ca n phi ln hn h s lu lng ca mt ct hnh thang trc khi bin i thnh mt ct cong 5 % (xem 7.6.3).

Hnh 43

CH THCH 1: Nu 2 mi ca mt ct (loi cao trung bnh hoc thp) u nghing (xem hnh 30b, biu th bng ng chm) th phi ly m = m, trong m l h s lu lng ca p c mt thng lu thng ng; l h s hiu chnh c th ly:

Khi S = 1/2 = 1,02,Khi S = 1 n 5 .. = 1,06.

y S l cotg ca gc kp gia mt nghing thng lu vi mt nm ngang.

CH THCH 2: Khi cn xc nh m vi chnh xc cao hn 10 % th kt qu tnh ton phi ng chnh xc ha bng cc th nghim.

7.8. H s lu lng ca p trn c mt ct ch nht, khng kh c th vo t do di li nc trn

7.8.1. i vi p trn c mt ct ch nht (hnh 44a), khi H P1 4H v 0,6H ( < 2H th h s lu lng m phi ly l:

m = 0,42H

(86)Trong :

H = 0,700 + 0,185H/(

(87)

CH THCH:

1. khi 0,5H < ( < 0,6H th h s H ly bng 1,0 tc l m = 0,42.2. Khi P1 > 4H, tr s m phi nh hn tr s tm c theo cng thc (85) l 3 % (v phi xt n nhng ni dung nu trong im 1 ni trn).

3. Khi ( 0,5H th thuc v loi p trn thnh mng (xem phn 5 - p trn thnh mng); khi ( 2H th thuc v loi p nh rng (xem phn 6 - p trn nh rng).

Hnh 44

7.8.2. i vi p trn c mt ct hnh ch nht v vi mp vo ln trn (Hnh 31-b) khi H P1 4H; 0,5 < ( < 2H; r = (0,1 0,2)( th h s lu lng m phi ly l:

m = 0,44H

(88)

trong : H c xc nh theo cng thc (87) v ch thch 1 v 2 trong 5.8.1.

i vi p trn c mt ct hnh ch nht v ngng trn dc v pha thng lu (Hnh 44c), khi: H P1 4H; 0,5 < ( < 2H.

Th h s lu lng m ly nh sau:

1) Khi cotg ca gc kp gia mt nghing ca ngng trn vi mt nm ngang S > 10,0 th ly theo 7.8.1 v ch thch 1; 2 ca 7.8.1.

2) Khi S = 10 n 5 th ly theo cng thc (88).

7.8.4. i vi p trn c mt ct hnh ch nht v ngng trn dc v pha h lu (Hnh 44d) khi: H P1 4H; 0,5 < ( < 2H v S > 20,0;

(trong : S l cotg ca gc kp gia mt nghing ca ngng trn vi mt nm ngang) th h s lu lng m ly theo cng thc (85) v ch thch 1; 2 ca 7.8.1.

CH THCH: trong trng hp 2H < ( 10H th ly m = 0,33.

7.8.5. i vi p trn c mt ct hnh ch nht v ngng trn dc i xng v c 2 pha thng v h lu (Hnh 44e) khi H P1 4H v 0,5 < ( < 2H th h s lu lng m phi xc nh theo 7.8.3.

7.9. p trn c mt ct hnh thang v hnh tam gic

7.9.1. i vi p trn c mt ct hnh thang cao (P1 3H , Hnh 45) khi khng kh c th vo t do pha di li nc trn, trong trng hp:

S 1/2 v S 1/2

(trong : S v S l cotg ca gc kp gia mt thng lu v h lu ca p, vi mt nm ngang), th h s lu lng m phi c ly theo Bng 22.

Bng 22

SH/(

0,51,01,52,0

00,320,360,390,41

0,50,340,380,410,44

Hnh 45

H s lu lng m ca p hnh thang cao (P1 3H) khi khng kh c th vo t do pha di li nc trn (Hnh 45)

CH THCH:

1. Khi tr s m nm 2 ct bin ca bng trn (tc l ng vi p trn nh rng v p trn thnh mng) ch c th dng ni suy tr s m theo t s H/(.

2. Tr s m nm hng trn ca bng (tng ng vi trng hp 7.8.1) ch c th c dng ni suy tr s m theo t s S.

Bng 23 - H s lu lng m ca p trn c mt ct hnh thang vi chiu cao trung bnh v thp (Hnh 46)

Loi mt ctH/(Ch thch

0,51,01,52,0

I. p cao trung bnh (2H < P1 < 3H)

a) Mt thng lu nm nghing (Hnh 46a)Khi S = 1,0

Khi S = 2,0

b) Mt h lu nm nghing (Hnh 46b)Khi S = 1,0

Khi S = 2,0

II. p thp (0,5 P1 2H)

a) Mt thng lu nm nghing (Hnh 46a)Khi S = 3,0

Khi S = 5,0

Khi S = 10,0

b) Mt h lu nm nghing (Hnh 46b) Khi S = 3,0

Khi S = 5,0

Khi S = 10,00,36

0,370,33

0,33

0,37

0,37

0,36

0,34

0,34

0,340,39

0,400,37

0,36

0,40

0,40

0,40

0,36

0,36

0,350,43

0,440,42

0,40

0,44

0,44

0,42

0,40

0,37

0,360,46

0,470,46

0,47

0,47

0,46

0,43

0,42

0,38

0,36Khi khng kh c th vo t do pha di li nc trn

Khi khng kh c th vo t do pha di li nc trn

CH THCH:

1. Nu hai mt thng, h lu ca p (cao trung bnh hoc thp) u nghing (biu th bng ng chm chm trn Hnh 5.15b) th h s lu lng m phi c ly theo ch thch 1 ca 7.7.2.

2. Khi s dng Bng 21 phi tham kho ch thch 1 ca 6.3.4.

Bng 22*

P1/HmtlmhlGi tr ca m theo H/l

T 1 n 0,5T 2 n 1>

T 3 n 50,360,400,390,400,420,410,430,440,43

T 2 n 30,380,360,380,370,360,400,380,400,390,380,420,400,420,410,40

T 1 n 20,350,350,340,330,360,370,350,340,380,390,370,35

+ Theo S tay Tnh ton thy lc cc cng trnh thy cng trn x l (ca Nh Xut Bn Nng

lng Moskov 1988 - [6] ) th p trn c mt ct hnh thang c h s lu lng c xc nh theo cng thc:

Trong :

m0 l h s lu lng p cao (P > 5H) b mt thng lu l thng ng, b mt trn nm ngang, c bn knh cong ln trn l r/H0 = 0,25, vi mt h lu theo ta mt trn oficerop c xc nh theo cng thc:

Biu thc (2) c p dng khi 0,5 - r/H0 (/H0 2

Khi (/H0 0,5 - r/H0 th m0 c xc nh theo cng thc:

Kr l h s c tnh ton theo gi tr thc ca bn knh r khi 0 < r/H0 < 0,25 v c xc nh theo cng thc:

l h s tnh ton c k n dc nghing ca mi mt thng lu p so vi phng nm ngang (ST = cotg(T), vi mp ca vo ln trn c bn knh ln trn r/H0 = 0,25, c xc nh theo cng thc:

Vi K c xc inh theo mi thng lu ST nh sau:

Bng 24

ST01246810

K10,840,710,600,460,320,180

Khi phn ca vo c mp khng ln trn v mi mt thng lu p c gi tr ST trong khong

-1 ST 1 v P1/H0 > 1, gi tr c xc nh theo cng thc

Cn khi ST > 1 v 2(3 + ST) (/H0 2 th c xc nh theo cng thc (93).

l h s tnh ton c k n nh hng ca chiu cao ca p (so vi pha thng lu) cng c xc nh theo cng thc (93) vi h s K ph thuc t s P1/H0) nh sau:

Bng 25

P1/H000,20,30,5135

K00,230,450,670,840,951

7.9.2. i vi p trn mt ct hnh thang vi chiu cao trung bnh (2H < P1 < 3H) chiu cao thp (0,5H P1 2H) c mt h lu hoc mt thng lu thng ng (Hnh 45), h s lu lng m phi ly theo bng 23, trong bng tr s S, S l cotg ca gc kp gia thng, h lu vi mt nm ngang.

Hnh 46 - p trn mt ct hnh thang

7.9.3. i vi p c mt ct hnh tam gic, vi mt thng lu thng ng v mt h lu nm nghing (Hnh 47), khi P1 3H, h s lu lng m phi ly theo bng 26, trong bng S l cotg ca gc kp gia mt h lu vi mt nm ngang.

Hnh 47 - p trn mt ct hnh tam gic

Bng 26 - H s lu lng m ca mt ct hnh tam gic c mt thng lu thng ng v P1 3H

S12510

m0,470,430,380,36

PH LC A(Quy nh)

MT CT CA P TRN C CHN KHNG NH HNH ELIPp trn c chn khng nh hnh elp l p c mt thng lu l mt mt phng ng, mt h lu l mt mt phng nghing (h s mi dc thng l 2/3), nh p (Hnh A1.) l hnh elp (c khi l hnh trn), trc di ca hnh elp (c chiu di bng 2e) song song vi mt h lu p.

Hnh A.1 p trn c chn khng nh hnh elp

Hnh A.2 im cao nht ca nh p

Bng A.1 cho ta ca cc im trn ng bin nh ca 3 loi p kiu c chn khng ng vi cc t s e/f khc nhau.

Khi v ng bin ca nh p, phi dng bn knh gi nh r( tc l bn knh ca vng trn tip tuyn vi 3 cnh AB, BC, CD. Bng A.1 v trong trng r( =1,0; khi r( khc 1,0 th nhng tr s x, y ghi trong Bng A.1 phi nhn vi r(.

im gc ca ta l im cao nht ca nh p (Hnh A.2). im ny nm trn ng BC (Hnh A.1). Khong cch ca trc thng ng oy n mt thng lu ca p bng honh x ca mt thng lu n im 7 (khi e/f = 1,0 v e/f = 3,0) hoc im 11 (khi e/f = 20).

S ni tip gia mt h lu ca p vi y h lu cng ging nh trng hp mt ct p khng c chn khng (xem Ph lc B). Khi v mt ct p kiu c chn khng, tr s r( phi la chn theo cng thc :

Trong cng thc: H.h l ct nc nh hnh mt ct (xem Ph lc B).

Bng A.1 Ta ca cc im trn ng bin ca mt ct p trn c chn khng nh en-lip vi r0 = 1

Th t ca imTa cc im

e/f = 3,0e/f = 2,0e/f = 1,0

xyXyxy

1-0,4720,629-0,7000,806-1,0001,000

2-0,4620,462-0,6940,672-0,9600,720

3-0,4320,327-0,6700,519-0,8800,525

4-0,3700,193-0,6240,371-0,7400,327

50,2530,072-0,5530,241-0,5300,152

60,1310,018-0,4880,162-0,3000,046

70,0000,000-0,4020,0910,0000,000

80,1940,030-0,3120,0460,2000,020

90,3810,095-0,2150,0120,4000,083

100,5410,173-0,1170,0030,6000,200

110,7070,2710,0000,0000,7200,306

120,8660,3810,1730,0250,8320,445

131,0220,5030,3340,0761,3771,282

141,1680,6230,4900,1472,4342,868

151,3180,7600,6310,2233,6704,722

161,4560,8900,7990,3385,4627,410

171,5841,0210,9570,461--

181,7141,1631,1070,595--

191,8551,3201,2430,731--

201,9791,4671,4050,913--

212,1041,6281,5511,098--

222,2401,7921,6881,282--

232,3461,9432,3272,246--

242,4622,1062,9563,189--

252,5752,2724,4505,430--

263,1933,2145,2996,704--

274,6855,452----

285,5616,766----

PH LC B(Quy nh)

P TRN KHNG C CHN KHNG C-RI GH -PHI-X-RPMt ct ngang ca p C-ri-gh -phi-x-rp trong trng hp thng thng gm c: on thng ng AB c chiu cao l a; on thng BC c gc kp gi BC vi ng nm ngang l (T; on cong CD c v theo cc ta tnh sn (xem phn sau); on thng DE c gc kp gia DE vi mt nm ngang l (H; on cung trn EF vi bn knh ca n bng R (theo Bng 14) on ni tip gia on thng DE vi y h lu cng trnh (hoc vi mt bc chn p, bc ny c xy dng nhm mc ch lm cho hnh thc ni tip ca dng chy vi h lu c tt hn).

Hnh B.1 p trn khng c chn khng

Tr s ca gc (T, (H v cao a c xc nh theo iu kin thi cng; c bit theo iu kin thi cng bng c gii; ngoi ra khi chn (T, (H v a phi xt n nh hng ca cc i lng ny i vi h s lu lng (Xem 7.6.1). Bn knh R khng c quan h g vi h s lu lng, n c xc nh theo iu kin cu to ca mt ct p hoc theo cc iu kin c lin quan n vic thit k hnh thc ni tip ca dng chy vi h lu.

Tr s R c ly theo Bng B.1; nhng trong thc t, c khi cng ly R theo cc tr s sau y:

a) i vi p thp xy dng trn nn mm v c nc cao:

b) i vi p cao xy dng trn nn v c nc thp hn 5 m.

trong

Zmax l chnh lch ln nht ca mc thng, h lu.

H.h l ct nc nh hnh mt ct (Xem phn sau).

Bng B.1 Tr s R

Chiu cao p (P)H.h

1,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,0

103,04,25,46,57,58,59,610,611,6

204,06,07,88,910,011,012,213,314,3

304,57,59,711,012,413,514,715,816,8

404,78,411,013,014,515,817,018,019,0

504,88,812,214,516,518,019,220,321,3

604,98,913,015,518,020,021,222,223,2

Phn ch yu ca mt ct p khng c chn khng l on cong CD (Hnh B.1) n c v ra sao c v tr rt st vi on cong cd (Hnh B.2), cd l on cong ca mt di li nc trn qua p thnh mng abc chnh l on ABC ca mt ang v trong Hnh B.1. Nu on cong CD lch v bn tri cd th s to thnh chn khng trn nh p; nu on cong lch v bn phi cd th (p sut trn mt p cao hn p sut khng kh) lm cho h s lu lng gim i.

Hnh B.2

Nh ni trn, hnh dng ca ng cong CD c xc nh cn c vo ct nc H0 trn nh p. Thng thng trong qu trnh lm vic ca p, ct nc H0 lun lun thay i, cho nn khi v on CD ca mt ct, cn phi chn ct nc H nht nh no lm c s. Ct nc ny gi l ct nc nh hnh mt ct v k hiu l H.h. Tr s H.h thng ly bng tr s ca ct nc bnh thng hoc ct nc ln nht trn nh p.

on CD c v theo ct nc nh hnh, cho nn khi ct nc trn nh p nh hn hoc bng ct nc nh hnh, th trn mt trn CDE khng th xy ra chn khng; chn khng ny trong rt nhiu trng hp, chng ta khng mun n xut hin. Mt ct ni trn gi l mt khng chn khng.

Tuy nhin cng cn phi ch rng, khi ct nc trn nh p ln hn ct nc nh hnh mt t, l chn khng c th c trn mt p, cn nu ct nc vt qu ct nc nh hnh rt nhiu th tt nhin s sinh ra hin tng chn khng trn mt p. Ngoi ra cn phi ch gn im B trn on BC thnh thang c chn khng xut hin, khi ct nc bng v nh hn ct nc nh hnh. Cc dng c bit ca mt ct ny c th c my loi di y: khng c tng thng ng AB (a = 0; Hnh 40a); khng c on thng gi DE (hnh 40b trong hnh v l mt mt ct bng phng tng i thp; mt thng lu l mt mt thng ng ((T = 90o, nh Hnh 40c).

Cc mt ct khng chn khng trong trng hp thng thng (hnh B-1) c v nh sau:

Trc tin phi quy nh tr s ca ct nc nh hnh, ri sau cn c theo cc tr s ghi trong Bng B.2 v b tr trc ta ging nh ch dn trn Hnh B.1 m v on ng cong CCDD (xem ch thch ca Bng B.2). Tip sau v ng thng BC v DE tip tuyn vi ng cong v cng vi ng thng nm ngang to thnh cc gc (B v (H; cc on CC v DD ca ng cong trn c b i.

Cui cng v ng thng ng AB v on cong EF (bn knh l R). Trong khi v chn cc tr s (T, (H, a v R theo cc iu ni trn.

Bng B.2 Ta ca cc im trn ng bin nh p ca p khng c chn khng C-ri-ghe -phi-x-rp

Th t ca imxyTh t ca imxy

10,00,126212,01,235

20,10,036222,11,369

30,20,007232,21,508

40,30,000242,31,653

50,40,006252,41,894

60,50,027262,51,960

70,60,060272,62,122

80,70,100282,72,289

90,80,146292,82,462

100,90,198302,92,640

111,00,256313,02,824

121,10,321323,13,013

131,20,394333,23,207

141,30,475343,33,405

151,40,564353,43,609

161,50,661363,53,818

171,60,764373,64,031

181,70,873383,74,249

191,80,987393,84,471

201,91,108403,94,698

CH THCH:

1) Cc tr s ta ghi trong bng ng vi trng hp H.h = 1,0. Khi H.h # 1,0 th v mt ct p, ta ly cc tr s ta cho tng bng nhn vi H.h.

2) Honh x0 (hnh B-1) bng: x = 0,3H.h.

Trong : 0,3 l honh ca im 4, khi H.h = 1,0 (xem bng).

3) Khi v ng con CCC0DD phi da vo nhng im tm c, sao cho ng ct ng thng ng (tc trc Oy) im C.

PH LC C(Quy nh)

CC BNG PH DNG TRONG TNH TONBng C.1 - Bng tr s A1 trong cng thc (11) dng tnh h s lu lng ca p khng ngp thnh mng, c co hp ngang v t chy t do

H(m)

00,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,90

0,10,4320,4290,4260,4230,4200,4170,4140,4110,4080,405

0,110,4300,4270,4240,4210,4180,4150,4120,4090,4060,403

0,120,4280,4250,4220,4190,4160,4130,4100,4070,4040,401

0,130,4260,4230,4200,4170,4140,4110,4080,4050,4020,399

0,140,4240,4210,4180,4150,4120,4090,4060,4030,4000,397

0,150,4230,4200,4170,4140,4110,4080,4050,4020,3990,396

0,200,4190,4160,4130,4100,4070,4040,4010,3980,3950,392

0,250,4160,4130,4100,4070,4040,4010,3980,3950,3920,389

0,300,4140,4110,4080,4050,4020,3990,3960,3930,3900,387

0,350,4130,4100,4070,4040,4010,3980,3950,3920,3890,386

0,400,4120,4090,4060,4030,4000,3970,3940,3910,3880,385

0,450,4110,4080,4050,4020,3990,3960,3930,3900,3870,384

0,500,4100,4070,4040,4010,3980,3950,3920,890,3860,383

h0,4050,4020,3990,3960,3930,3900,3840,3840,3810,378

CH THCH: khi b = BT th m0 c xc nh theo cng thc (10).

Bng C.2 Tr s A2 trong cng thc (11) dng tnh ton h s lu lng ca p trn khng ngp thnh mng, chy t do c co hp ngang

1,000,900,800,700,600,500,400,300,200,10

0,051,0011,0011,0011,0011,0011,0001,0001,0001,0001,000

0,101,0061,0051,0041,0031,0021,0011,0011,0011,0001,000

0,151,0121,0101,0081,0061,0051,0031,0021,0011,0011,000

0,201,0221,0181,0141,0111,0081,0061,0041,0021,0011,000

0,251,0341,0281,0221,0171,0121,0091,0061,0031,0021,001

0,301,0491,0401,0321,0241,0181,0121,0081,0051,0021,001

0,351,0671,0551,0431,0331,0241,0171,0111,0061,0031,001

0,401,0881,0711,0561,0431,0321,0221,0141,0081,0041,001

0,451,1111,0901,0711,0551,041,0281,0181,0101,0051,001

0,501,1371,1111,0881,0671,051,0341,0121,0221,0061,001

0,551,1661,1351,1071,0821,061,0421,0151,0271,0071,002

0,601,1981,1601,1271,0971,0711,0501,0111,0321,0081,002

CH THCH: khi b = BT th m0 c xc nh theo cng thc (10)

Bng C.3 Tr s (n trong cng thc (17) dng tnh ton h s lu lng ca p trn ngp thnh mng khng co hp ngang

0,000,050,10,150,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,101,201,301,401,50

0,05--0,740,680,640,580,540,520,50,480,470,460,450,440,440,440,440,43

0,10-0,930,850,80,760,70,660,640,310,60,580,570,570,550,550,550,540,54

0,151,050,960,90,860,820,770,740,710,690,670,660,650,640,630,630,620,620,61

0,201,050,980,940,90,870,820,790,760,740,720,710,70,690,690,680,680,670,67

0,251,051,000,960,920,90,860,820,80,780,770,750,750,740,730,720,720,720,71

0,301,051,010,970,940,920,870,850,830,810,80,790,780,770,770,760,760,750,75

0,351,051,010,980,960,940,90,880,860,840,830,820,810,80,80,790,790,790,78

0,401,051,020,990,970,950,920,90,880,870,850,840,840,830,820,820,830,810,81

0,451,051,021,000,980,960,940,920,90,890,870,870,860,850,850,840,840,84-

0,501,051,031,010,990,980,950,930,920,90,890,890,880,870,870,870,860,86-

0,551,051,031,011,000,980,960,940,930,920,910,90,90,890,890,880,88--

0,601,051,031,021,000,990,980,960,940,930,920,920,910,910,90,9---

0,651,051,041,021,011,000,980,970,960,950,940,930,930,920,920,92---

0,701,051,041,021,011,000,990,980,960,960,950,940,940,940,930,93---

Bng C.4 - Lu lng n v q ng vi ct nc Ho v h s lu lng m khc nhau (i vi p trn hnh ch nht c cc h s , (n, (( u bng 1)

Ct nc H0 (m)

Lu lng n v (m2/s)

m = 0.300.530.400.450.50

0,0500,04950,0150,0170,0200,0220,025

0,0550,05710,0170,0200,0230,0260,029

0,0650,6510,0200,0230,0260,0290,033

0,0650,7340,0220,0260,0290,0330,037

0,0700,08200,0250,0290,0330,0360,041

0,0750,09100,0270,0320,0360,0410,046

0,0800,10020,0300,0350,0400,0450,050

0,0850,10980,0330,0380,0440,490,055

0,0900,11960,0360,0420,0480,0540,060

0,0950,12960,0390,0450,0520,0580,065

0,100,1400,0420,0490,0560,0630,070

0,110,1620,0490,0570,0650,0730,081

0,120,1840,0550,0640,0740,0830,092

0,130,2080,0620,0730,0830,0940,104

0,140,2320,0700,0810,0930,1040,116

0,150,2570,0770,0900,1030,1160,129

0,160,2830,0850,0990,1130,1270,142

0,170,3100,0930,1090,1240,140,155

0,180,3380,1010,1180,1350,1520,169

0,190,3670,1100,1280,1470,1650,184

0,200,3960,1190,1390,1580,1780,198

0,210,4260,1280,1490,1700,1920,213

0,220,4570,1370,1600,1830,2050,228

0,230,4890,1470,1710,1960,2200,244

0,240,5210,1560,1820,2080,2340,260

0,250,5540,1660,1940,2220,2490,277

0,260,5870,1760,2050,2350,2640,293

0,270,6210,1860,2170,2480,2790,310

0,280,6560,1960,2300,2620,2950,328

0,290,6920,2080,2420,2770,3110,346

0,300,7280,2180,2550,2910,3280,364

0,310,7650,2300,2680,3060,3440,382

0,320,8020,2410,2810,3210,3610,401

0,330,840,2520,2940,3360,3780,420

0,340,8780,2630,3070,3510,3950,439

0,350,9170,2750,3210,3670,4130,458

0,360,9570,2870,3350,3830,4310,478

0,370,9970,2990,3490,3990,4490,498

0,380,0380,3110,3630,3150,4670,519

0,391,0790,3240,3780,4310,4860,540

0,401,130,3390,3950,4520,5080,565

0,411,210,3630,4230,4840,5440,605

0,421,290,3870,4520,5160,580,645

0,461,3800,4140,4830,5520,6210,690

0,481,4700,4410,5140,5880,6610,735

0,501,5700,4710,5490,6280,7060,785

0,521,6600,4980,5810,6640,7470,930

0,541,7600,5280,6160,7040,7920,880

0,561,8600,5580,6510,7440,8320,930

0,581,9600,5880,6860,7840,8820,980

0,602,0600,6180,7210,8240,9271,030

0,622,1600,6480,7560,8640,9721,080

0,642,1700,6810,7940,9081,0211,135

0,662,3700,7110,8290,9481,0661,185

0,682,4800,7450,8690,9921,1161,240

0,702,5900,7770,9061,0361,1651,295

0,722,7100,8130,9481,0841,2191,355

0,742,8200,8460,9871,1281,2691,410

0,762,9300,8791,0251,1721,3181,465

0,783,0500,9151,0671,221,3721,525

0,803,1700,9511,1091,2681,4261,585

0,853,4701,0411,2141,381,5611,735

0,903,7801,1341,3231,5121,7011,890

0,954,1001,2301,3451,6401,8452,050

1,004,4301,3291,5501,7721,9932,215

1,054,7701,4311,6691,9082,1462,358

1,105,1101,5331,7882,0442,2992,555

1,155,4601,6381,9112,1842,4572,730

1,205,8201,7462,0372,3282,6192,910

1,256,1901,8572,1662,4762,7853,095

1,306,5601,9682,2962,6242,9523,280

1,356,9502,0852,4322,7803,1273,475

1,407,3402,2022,5692,9363,3033,670

1,457,7302,3192,7053,0923,4783,865

1,508,1402,4422,8493,2563,6634,070

1,608,9602,6883,1363,5844,0324,480

1,709,8202,9463,4373,9824,4194,910

1,8010,7003,2103,4754,2804,8155,350

1,9011,6003,4804,0604,6405,2205,800

2,0012,5203,7564,3825,0085,6346,250

2,5017,5105,2536,1297,0047,8808,755

3,0023,0106,9058,0549,20710,35711,509

3,5029,0108,70110,15111,60113,05114,501

4,0035,44010,63112,40414,17515,94717,720

4,5042,28012,68414,79816,91219,02621,140

5,0049,52014,85617,85619,80822,28424,760

Bng C.5 - Tr s v

Khi N1 v N2 c tr s thay i t 0 - 1,0

N10,000,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,10,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,19

0,00000,0010,00280,00520,0080,01120,01470,01850,02260,0270,03160,03650,04160,04690,05240,05810,0640,07010,07640,0828N2

N10,200,220,240,260,280,30,320,340,360,380,400,420,440,460,480,500,520,540,560,58

0,08940,10320,11760,13260,14820,16430,18110,19830,21600,23420,23500,27220,29190,31200,33260,35360,37500,39700,41900,4420N2

N10,600,620,640,660,680,700,720,740,760,780,800,820,840,860,880,90,920,940,960,98

0,4650,48800,5120,5360,56100,58600,61100,63700,66300,68900,71600,74300,77000,79800,82600,85400,88200,91100,94100,9700N2

Bng C.6 - Tr s

Khi N1 bin i t 1,00 - 13,95(1)N10,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,50,550,60,650,70,750,80,850,90,95

11,0001,0761,1531,2321,3151,3941,4821,5681,6561,7461,8371,9302,0242,1202,2172,3152,4142,5162,6192,7231

22,832,943,043,153,263,383,493,603,723,833,954,074,194,314,444,564,694,814,945,072

35,205,335,465,595,735,865,996,136,276,416,556,696,836,977,127,267,417,557,707,833

48,008,158,308,458,618,768,929,079,239,399,559,719,8710,0310,1910,3510,5110,6710,8411,014

511,1811,3411,5111,6811,8512,0312,212,3712,5412,7212,8913,0613,2413,4213,6013,7813,9614,1414,3214,515

614,7014,8815,0615,2415,4315,6215,8116,0016,1916,3816,5716,7616,9517,1417,3417,5317,7217,9218,1218,326

718,5218,7218,9219,1219,3219,5219,7219,9220,1220,3320,5420,7420,9521,1621,3721,5821,7922,0022,2122,427

822,6322,8423,0523,2623,4723,6923,9124,1224,3425,5624,7825,0025,2225,4425,6625,8926,1126,3326,5626,788

927,0027,2227,4527,6727,928,1328,3628,5928,8229,0529,2829,5129,7529,9830,2230,4530,6830,9231,1531,399

1031,6231,8532,0932,3332,5732,8133,0533,2933,5333,7734,0234,2634,5034,7535,5135,2435,4935,7335,9836,2310

1134,4836,7436,9937,2437,4937,7437,9938,2438,4938,7539,0039,2539,5139,7640,0340,2840,5340,7941,0541,3111

1241,57041,8342,0942,3542,3142,87042,1443,4143,6743,9344,244,4644,7345,0045,2645,5348,8046,0746,3346,6012

1346,87047,1447,4247,6947,9648,2448,5248,7949,0649,3349,649,8750,1550,4350,7150,9951,2751,5451,8252,1113

(1) Tr s xc nh theo ct cui cng bn phi v hng ngang trn cng, tr s N2 th trong bng.

Bng C.7 - Tr s su phn gii ca knh hnh ch nht tnh theo cng thc

Tnh bng m v s

qhkqhkqhk

0,050,0641,200,5272,350,826

0,100,1001,250,5422,40,837

0,150,1321,300,5562,450,848

0,200,1601,350,572,50,861

0,250,1861,400,5842,550,872

0,300,2091,450,5982,60,883

0,350,2321,500,6122,650,894

0,400,2541,550,6262,70,906

0,450,2741,600,6392,750,917

0,500,2951,650,6522,80,928

0,550,3141,700,6652,850,939

0,600,3321,750,6782,90,95

0,650,351,800,6922,950,961

0,700,3681,850,70430,972

0,750,3851,900,7163,050,983

0,800,4021,950,7293,10,993

0,850,4192,000,7423,151,004

0,900,4352,050,7543,21,014

0,950,4512,100,7663,251,025

1,000,4672,150,7783,31,035

1,050,4832,200,793,351,046

1,100,4972,250,8023,41,056

1,150,5122,300,8143,451,065

3,501,0774,951,3576,41,61

qhkqhkqhk

3,551,08751,3666,451,618

3,601,0965,051,3756,51,627

3,651,1075,11,3846,551,636

3,701,1185,151,3936,61,644

3,751,1285,21,4026,651,653

3,801,1375,251,4116,71,661

3,851,1475,31,426,751,67

3,901,1575,351,4286,81,677

3,951,1675,41,4376,851,686

4,001,1765,451,4466,91,694

4,051,1865,51,4556,951,703

4,101,1965,551,46471,71

4,151,2065,61,4737,051,717

4,201,2165,651,4827,11,726

4,251,2255,71,4917,151,738

4,301,2355,751,57,21,743

4,351,2465,81,5097,251,75

4,401,2555,851,5187,31,759

4,451,2645,91,5277,351,767

4,501,2745,951,5347,41,774

4,551,28261,5437,451,782

4,601,2926,051,5517,51,790

4,651,3016,11,5597,551,798

4,701,316,151,5687,61,806

4,751,326,21,5777,651,813

4,801,336,251,5867,71,821

4,851,3386,31,5957,751,83

4,901,3486,351,6027,81,839

7,851,8459,252,05810,652,261

7,91,8539,32,06610,72,268

7,951,8619,352,07310,752,275

8,01,8689,42,08310,82,282

8,051,8769,452,08910,852,289

8,11,8859,52,09710,92,295

8,151,8929,552,10510,952,303

8,21,99,62,111112,31

8,251,9089,652,11911,052,314

8,31,9159,72,12211,12,320

8,351,9239,752,13211,152,330

8,41,9309,82,13911,22,333

8,451,9389,852,14611,252,345

8,51,9459,92,15411,32,352

8,551,9539,952,16111,352,358

8,61,961102,16811,42,360

8,651,96910,052,17511,452,375

8,71,97610,12,18211,52,379

8,751,98310,152,1911,552,386

8,81,9910,22,19811,62,393

8,851,99810,252,20511,652,400

8,92,00610,32,21211,72,407

8,952,01310,352,21911,752,414

9,002,02010,402,22611,802,421

9,052,02810,452,23311,852,428

9,102,03610,502,24011,902,435

9,152,04310,552,24711,952,442

9,202,05110,602,25412,002,449

Bng C.8 - Tr s (tnh bng m)vohvvohvvohvvohv

0,10,00052,10,2254,10,866,11,9

0,20,0022,20,2474,20,96,21,96

0,30,0052,30,274,30,946,32,02

0,40,0082,40,2944,40,996,42,09

0,50,0132,50,3194,51,036,52,15

0,60,0182,60,3454,61,086,62,22

0,70,0252,70,3724,71,136,72,29

0,80,0332,80,44,81,176,82,36

0,90,0412,90,4294,91,226,92,43

1,00,0513,00,4595,01,277,02,5

1,10,0623,10,495,11,337,12,57

1,20,0733,20,5225,21,387,22,64

1,30,0863,30,5555,31,437,32,72

1,40,1003,40,5895,41,497,42,79

1,50,1153,50,6245,51,547,52,87

1,60,1303,60,6615,61,67,62,94

1,70,1473,70,6985,71,667,73,02

1,80,1653,80,7365,81,717,83,1

1,90,1843,90,7555,91,777,93,18

2,00,2044,00,8166,01,848,03,26

TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO[1] Qui phm Tnh ton thy lc p trn QPTL C8-76, hoc s dng tiu chun tng ng hin hnh.

[2] Hng dn tnh ton thy lc p trn - Phn II (p trn xin; p trn bn; p trn cong; p trn hnh vnh khuyn - II 45 - 75 - BH.

[3] DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DAMS ca y Ban Quc gia Nht bn v p ln.

[4] Qui phm thit k ng trn x l SDJ 341- 89 ca B thy li - B in lc nc Cng ha Nhn dn Trung Hoa.

[5] DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS FOR IRREGULAR OVERFALL SPILLWAYS. ca V Khai khn B Ni V Hp chng quc Hoa K.

[6] oo . Nh xut bn Nng lng nguyn t MOCKBA nm 1988

[7] e - . Nh xut bn xy dng MOCKBA.MC LC1. Phm vi p dng2. Thut ng, nh ngha3. Phn loi p trn4. p trn chnh din thnh mng ch nht5. p trn chnh din nh rng hnh ch nht6. p trn chnh din hnh ch nht c mt ct thc dngPh lc A Mt ct ca p trn c chn khng nh hnh elipPh lc B p trn khng c chn khng C-ri Gh -phi-x-rpPh lc C Cc bng ph dng trong tnh tonTh mc ti liu tham kho

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