Taxonomy Reflects Evolutionary History Section 15.4.
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Transcript of Taxonomy Reflects Evolutionary History Section 15.4.
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Taxonomy Reflects Evolutionary
History
Section 15.4
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Classification/Taxonomy
Classification the grouping of objects for practical purposes.
Ex: Taxonomy the identification,
naming and classification of species. The science of classification of organisms
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Aristotle(384-322 BC) One of the earliest taxonomists Living things two groups Plants &
Animals Plants herbs, shrubs, and trees Animals live on land , water and air**artificial system didn’t work, birds live
on land, water & air **Listed 500 species, today at least 5
million of which only 1.5 have been named
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Carolus Linnaeus(1707-1778)
Developed a method still used today Selected characteristics that led to more
natural groupings of species Identified species by two names genus &
species Binomial nomenclature The system also groups organisms into
different categories starting from the smallest- species to the largest-kingdom
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Classification Categories
Kingdom broadest Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species most specific
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Classification-Dichotomous Key
Series of paired statements that describe the presence or absence of certain characteristics
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Animals No wings(4)
Wings(1-3)
1 2 3 4
Feathers (1,2)
No Feathers (3)Black & white(1)
Pink (2)
(1-4)
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Phylogenetic Tree
A diagram that reflects the evolutionary relationship between species
Each branch point represents a common ancestor.
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Phylogenetic Tree
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Clade/ Cladistics Clade Each
evolutionary branch in a phylogenetic tree.
Cladisticsthe method used to determine the sequence of branching in a phylogenetic tree
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Cladograms A phylogenetic diagram that
specifies the derived characters of clades
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Comparing Classification Schemes
Linnaeus two kingdom system, system prevailed for 200 yrs
Whittaker(1969) Five Kingdom system
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Three Domains
Reevaluation of the five-kingdom system three domain system
2 Domains of Prokaryotes Bacteria, Archaea1 Domain of Eukaryotes Eukarya
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