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THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 7 | 2007

Taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation status of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha(Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha)

Guy Söderman

Finnish Environment Institute

The publication is a revision of the Finnish froghopper and leafhopper fauna

(Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) using modern systematics and nomenclature

and combining a vast amount of recent findings with older ones. The biology

of each species is shortly discussed and a link is given to the regularly updated

species distribution atlas on the web showing detailed distribution and phenol-

ogy of each species. An intermittent assessment of the conservation status of all

species is made and the threat factors are shortly discussed.

ISBN 978-952-11-2594-2 (PDF)

ISSN 1796-1637 (verkkoj.)

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Taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation status of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha)

Guy Söderman

Helsinki 2007

FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE

THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 7 | 2007 Finnish Environment InstituteExpert Services Department

Page layout: Pirjo LehtovaaraFront cover: Freshly hatched Mountain Cicada (Cicadetta montana, photo: Jaakko Lahti)

The publication is only available in the internet:www.environment.fi/publications

ISBN 978-952-11-2594-2 (PDF)ISSN 1796-1637 (verkkoj.)

PREFACE

The latest assessment of the Finnish species in year 2000 revealed a strong defiency in the knowledge of planthoppers and leafhoppers. About one third of all species could not be properly assessed and were classified as data deficient. A year later a national Expert Group on Hemiptera was formed to increase the basic knowledge of this insect order. The author started the research on Auchenorrhyncha in the fall 2002. In 2003 the research was included in the project “Threatened and poorly known insects” carried out by the Finnish Environment Institute as a part of the national research programme on “Deficiently Known and Endangered Forest Species” (acronym PUTTE) financed by the Ministry of Environment in Finland. The part dealing with Auchenorrhyncha was conducted in a four year period 2002-2005. The information in this report thus stands for the knowledge gained by the end of year 2005. The report itself is an integral part of the research results. Other parts are the check-list and the distribution maps of the species that have been set up on the home page of the Expert Group. http://users.utu.fi/veirinne/tyoryhma/tyoryhma.htm

Identification schemes to the species have not been produced as there are many up-to-date works from recent years covering most of the Finnish fauna.

� The Finnish Environment 7 | 2007

5The Finnish Environment 7 | 2007

CONTENTS

Preface ............................................................................................................................3

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................7

2 History of Finnish research ..................................................................................8

3 Conservation status work ...................................................................................10

3.1 Earlier Finnish conservation status works ......................................................10

3.2 Conservation status work in other European countries ...............................12

4 Methods and material ...........................................................................................13

4.1 Taxonomy ................................................................................................................13

4.2 Biology ....................................................................................................................13

4.3 Distribution ...........................................................................................................13

5 Review of Finnish species .....................................................................................15

6 Summary of species research ...........................................................................61

6.1 New species – research efforts ...........................................................................61

6.2 Faunistic results ....................................................................................................61

6.3 Biological results ...................................................................................................62

7 Conservation status changes and threats ....................................................65

7.1 Conservation status changes ..............................................................................65

7.2 Threat factors .........................................................................................................66

8 References ....................................................................................................................68Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................72

Appendix 1. Catalogus Auchenorrhyncorum Fenniae .......................................73

Appendix 2. Host plants of Auchenorrhyncha in Finland ................................9�

Documentation page .................................................................................................99

Kuvailulehti ..............................................................................................................100

Presentationsblad .....................................................................................................101

6 The Finnish Environment 7 | 2007


1 Introduction

Auchenorrhynca is a polyphyletic group of insects within the order Hemiptera. The order is nowadays divided into five homophyletic groups (suborders) (Campbell et al. 1995, Sorensen et al. 1995, Borgoin & Campbell 2002). Two of these, Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers) belong to Auchenorrhyncha. The three others are Heteroptera (true bugs), Sternorrhyncha (jumping lice, plant lice, scale bugs and mealy bugs) and Coelorrhyncha, only occurring in the tropics. The Auchenorrhyncha has developed during the Lower Permian and at least �0,000 recent species are known to science, with many thousands yet to describe (Holzinger et al.2003). Species diversity is highest in the tropics and subtropics and decreases northwards. A value of 11 species/100 km has been presented for Northern Finland (Raatikainen & Ylönen 1988).

Planthoppers and leafhoppers are hemimetabolic insects that suck plant juices. Of the Finnish species only two, the members of the family Achiliidae, feed on subcortical fungal mycelia. However, English researchers regard it possible, that the nymphs of the family Cixiidae, living subterraneously, might feed on fungal mycorrhiza (Nickel 2003). Recently, the nymph of a Nearctic planthopper has also been found to feed on moss (Wheeler 2003).

Nymphs of several species are confined to specific plants, plant groups or genera. With more infor-mation collected on their biology, the higher has the portion of monophages become. Oligophages are often monophagous at their distributional range (Nickel 2003).


2 History of Finnish research

The history of Finnish research of Auchenorrhyncha begins with Carl Reinhold Sahlberg (1779-1860), who in 18�2 described three new species to science (one is still valid). The true pioneer was John Rein-hold Sahlberg (18�6-1920), better known in Finland as a coleopterologist, who at the end of 1860's made research of the Fennoscandian fauna (Sahlberg 1867, 1868, 1871, 1876) and published the results in a remarkable monograph (1871) of that time. He described several new species and genera to science. Five genera and sixteen species occurring in Finland are still valid. In his monograph he mentions 171 species from within the present borders of Finland. The prominent Finnish heteropterologist of that time, O. M. Reuter (1850-1913), conducted the first regional Auchenorrhyncha survey in southwestern Finland and published the results in 1880, when he also described new species to science (one is still valid).

The research gained an enormous effort by Håkan Lindberg (1898-1966), who together with his family members collected a vast amount of insects in the beginning of the 20th century. Håkan Lindberg focused his taxonomic efforts to Auchenorrhyncha and traveled extensively in Finland collecting new material (Lindberg 192�, 1932, 1937, 1952, Lindberg & Saris 1952). Lindberg did the first synopsis of the Finnish fauna in 192� and the first checklist in 1935 (Lindberg 1935). The internationally acknowledged Swedish hemipterologist Frej Ossiannilsson (1908-1995) assisted Håkan Lindberg in preparing a comprehensive publication on the Auchenorrhyncha of Eastern Fennoscandia in 19�7 (cf. also Ossiannilsson 19�7), in which 261 species from present day Finland are identified. Lindberg continued his research still in the 1950's, but he did not emphasize much research into genital morphology of males. Lindberg devoted his last years of research to the Macaronesian and Mediterranean fauna. In his lifetime he described one new genus and four species new to science from Finland. Paavo Kontkanen (1905-1976) also collected a vast material of planthoppers and leafhoppers, predominantly from northern Karelia in the 1930's and 19�0's. He published several contributions to the knowledge of the Finnish fauna (Kontkanen 1937, 1938, 19�7a, 19�7b, 19�8, 19�9a, 19�9b, 1950, 1952, 1953a, 1953b, 195�). Kontkanen focused much of his research to ecological and phenological questions in the 1950's, and his period of active research faded at the same time as Lindbergs's. One reason for this was the intensive research of the young Rauno Linnavuori (*1927) in the years 19�7-53 (Linnavuori 19�8, 19�9a, 19�9b, 1950, 1951, 1952a, 1952b, 1953a, 1953b). Linnavuori dissertated in 1959 on the Neotropical Deltocephalidae and he soon became an internationally known expert on Hemiptera. His interest in exotic Auchenorrhyncha has prevailed until present. Although his own national research was periodically short, he described 5 species new to science from Finland. His greatest gift to Finnish hemipterology was, however, the taxonomic guides in the series Animalia Fennica in the years 1966-67 (Heteroptera) and 1969 (Auchenorrhyncha). These textbooks gave the opportunity for many young Finnish entomologists to get an insight into the world of true bugs, plant hoppers and leafhoppers. In his books on the Finnish Auchenorrhyncha (1969a, 1969b) Linnavuori includes informa-tion on 298 Finnish species and several occurring in adjacent countries. In the 1950's and 1960's Pekka Nuorteva (* 1926) started etiological research of the nymphs and, in addition, described one species new to science (Nuorteva 19�8, 1952, 1955). Nuorteva focused his research to planthoppers harmful to cultivated plants. Mikko Raatikainen (-1995) continued this line of research. He was particularly inter-ested in the fauna of croplands and the original habitats of species migrating to croplands (Raatikainen & Vasarainen 1973, 1976). He was the first in starting to rear nymphs in Finland. Olli Halkka carried out genetic research on the spittle bug Philaenus spumarius during many years in the period 1960-1980 (see eg.Halkka 1967).


Inspired by Linnavuori's books three young entomologists, Larry Huldén (*19�8), Guy Söderman (*19�9) and Anders Albrecht (*1953) started to collect Hemiptera in the early 1970's. The last mentioned two persons were distracted to other insect groups for years to come, but Huldén continued to collect and work with Hemiptera in the Zoological Museum of Helsinki (Brander & Huldén 1971, Huldén 197�, 1975, 1977, 1978, Huldén & Albrecht 1981). He assisted Frej Ossiannilsson with gathering information and revising museum material from Finland for the monographic taxonomic series written by Ossiannilsson on North-European Auchenorrhyncha (1978-83). When Ossiannilsson's books were completed, Huldén published together with Osmo Heikinheimo in 198� the 2nd Finnish checklist on Hemiptera including 307 species of Auchenorrhyncha. Huldén's interest in Hemiptera faded after this. Hemipterological re-search was however continued by Martti Koponen (1938*), who collected a material of more than 3,000 Auchenorrhyncha specimens, now placed in the Museum of Applied Biology in Helsinki, and Veikko Rinne (*1956). Rinne made a thorough survey of the Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha in the National Park of the Finnish Southwestern Archipelago in 199�-1998 (Clayhills et al. 2000).

In the year 2001 a voluntary Expert Group on Finnish Hemiptera was established. As a result the author reinforced research into Finnish Auchenorrhyncha. Also Albrecht and Rinne have continued to collect planthoppers and leafhoppers again, as well as other members of the Expert Group and some new amateurs.

Regional research varies a lot. As the main aim for research during different periods has been to discover new species, the focus has always been on the southern- and easternmost areas, and to some extent also on the northernmost. Large areas in central and western Finland have often been neglected. As of present, a little less than 1,500 grid units of 10 x 10 km have been surveyed, which is only slightly exceeding �0% of the landarea of Finland. The number of recorded species/grid unit is for the most low (< 50 species). In the best studied grid unit less than 50% of all known species have been recorded.


3 Conservation status work

3.1 Earlier Finnish conservation status works

In the first evaluation of Finnish threatened species (Rassi et al.1985) seven species of Auchenorrhyncha are mentioned: Cicadetta montana (extinct), Cixidia confinis (vulnerable), Kelisia sabulicola, Gravesteiniella boldi, Cixidia lapponica, Hephathus nanus, Typhlocyba bifasciata (near threatened). Only these species with specific biology were evaluated.

In the second evaluation (Rassi et al.1990) only the same 7 species were re-evaluated: Cicadetta mon-tana (endangered), Cixidia confinis, C.lapponica, Kelisia sabulicola, Typhlocyba bifasciata, Gravesteiniella boldi, Hephathus nanus (near threatened).

In the latest evaluation (Rassi et al. 2001) twelve species are listed: Cicadetta montana (critically endan-gered), Agallia estonica (endangered), Gravesteiniella boldi, Hephathus nanus, Kelisia sabulicola, Muirodelphax aubei, Zonocyba bifasciata (vulnerable), Cicadula albingensis, Cixius cambricus, Endria nebulosa, Lebradea fla-vovirens, Megophthalmus scanicus (near threatened). The rest of the Finnish species were grossly divided into not threatened (least concerned) and poorly known (data deficient) mainly based on old literature (Linnavuori 1969a, 1969b) information (Mannerkoski pers.comm.). Thus, a third of all Finnish species was classified as data deficient on different grounds. I have analyzed these grounds and grouped them accordingly:

DD1 = taxonomic problems in identification, evaluation of the Finnish population impossible without revision

Although most males of Auchenorrhyncha can be easily identified from their genital structures, there are still problems related with this technique. When the method came more common in use, it was found that the shape of the male aedagus could vary for several reasons. The German researcher Müller (195�) discovered that apical appendices of the species of Euscelis varied with the amount of light, they were shorter in areas with shorter periods of daylight. Recently Tisheckin (2003) has shown quite large varia-tion in the aedagus structures of the genus Scleroracus.

Changes in the aedagus structure are also caused by parasitization (Pipunculidae and Dryinidae), in particular in the genera Edwardsiana, Chloriona and Chlorita. Some very rare taxa of the first mentioned genus (i.a. Edwardsiana kemneri, E.staminata) have for this reason been removed from the checklists of many countries. More "pseudotaxa" of this type might still be found.

Lately it has also been observed, that diminutive changes in the male genitalia might be caused by change of host plant. I have noted this in the species Edwardsiana rosae, E.sociabilis, E.bergmani, Ribautiana ulmi and Eurhadina pulchella.

Identification problems also occur in genera, where the male genitalia are weakly sclerotized or very similar in shape. In these genera other discriminating characters have been used for the identification, such as appendices of the male pygophore (Empoasca and Oncopsis) or the apodemes (Kybos, Zygina and Macrosteles). The intraspecific variation of these characters is poorly known, but some studies have shown quite large variatons (see e.g. LeQuesne 1961a). The apodemes are quite sensitive structures,


which easily crumble when the specimens dry out. Thus old museum material is difficult to revise on the basis of such a character.

In support of taxonomic research, the nymphs and their host plants have gained much field lately. This is the method I have used in order to solve some taxonomic problems in the Finnish fauna. The sensory pitting of Fulgoromorpha nymphs and the chaetotaxy of Cicadomorpha nymps often reveals greater differences between closely related species than the adults do. Moreover, nymphs show a higher plant relation degree than adults in feeding. The study and raring of nymphs, and their host plant relationship, may be regarded as the 3rd stage of taxonomic research and has become a very important taxonomic method today (see Nickel 2003). It does, actually, take the taxonomy of Auchenorrhyncha quite close to that of aphids.

On the other hand, modern molecular techniques have not been used extensively in the taxonomical research on the species level of Auchenorrhyncha, yet, but bioacoustic methods have become more common (see De Vrijer 1981, Tischechin 1999, 2003, Gogala & Trilar 1999, 200�). These new techniques require much laboratory work and are still too expensive to become routines.

DD2 = fresh material is missing, the species have not efficiently been collected in its niche

Taxonomic and faunistic research of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha went into near dormancy in the mid 1980´s. The boom of ecological research was the cause. Taxonomic and faunistic research was not regar-ded very important in Finnish science. As a consequence, there is very little material collected in the late 20th century. Although collecting was effectuated in the beginning of the 21st century, there are not that many collectors, which can update the status of the Finnish species. In order to do so, this study has had to include a large collecting scheme based on passive sampling. Different trap designs, viz. light-traps, Malaise traps, yellow pans and pit fall traps, have been used to collect as many species as possible.

DD3 = the distributional picture is incomplete due to difficult identification techniques

The distribution of many species has remained unclear, because identification to the species level requires analysis of the male genitalia. Unfortunately, the method described by Linnavuori (1969a), including maceration and preparation of the male abdomen, alienates people from using it. However, the genital apparatus can easily be taken out with an insect pin from fresh material, and even if it is slightly hardened the specimens can be damped in water vapour for 2� hours before the procedure. With a little training one can manage to study the genital structures of several males per minute. If the material is very old and dry, conventional maceration techniques must be applied.

DD4 = the biology of the species is incompletely known, the host plant of the nymph is not known

There are several records on plants from which adults have been swept. Previously it was often assumed that the species live on these plants. However, adult Auchenorrhyncha move and fly quite much in their habitat and even stray to strange ones. Many species also regularly migrate, either vertically or horizon-tally, during their life cycle. Others, living in small and disperse microhabitats, migrate in order to find new suitable habitat patches for the new generation. The host plant of the nymph might be quite another one than on which the adult is met upon. The insight in the species biology has radically changed the opinion of species commonness. Some species regarded as rare in earlier times have shown to be quite common, when they have been searched for on their right host plants, whereas other, presumed to be common, have revealed very host specific ways of living and to be rare.

DD5 = the occurrence of the species in Finland is dubious, the recorded specimen (-s) may be a long-range migrant

The occurrence of some species in Finland has been questioned as they have been found only in single specimens and a long time ago. Mostly insufficient collecting intensity is the cause for this. Rare species


tend to turn up only if the samples are large enough. This is proven in this study also. Despite of this, there are species that have not been found for over half a century even if large and fresh material collected with the right technique has been applied. In most cases, the biology of the nymphs is still not known, probably being the cause for not finding them, but in other this cannot be the case. The discovery of new species to Finland in the last 5 years has shown that most of them are found repetitively from year to year. Such species have found their niche of living and are able to hibernate and reproduce in Finland. There are also species that are not repeatedly found and remain as single specimen finds from Finland. Such species much be critically assessed, keeping in mind the possibility of long-range migration. Some might even be temporary visitors that have prevailed for a year or two in favourable microclimatic sites. Nickel (2003) critically assessed the German fauna, but in view of the total number of species, only a handful was considered potential long-range migrants. My study supports his findings. There are not many Finnish species that may be considered occasional migrants from further south.

3.2 Conservation status work in other European countries

Of the 620 known species in Germany (Nickel & Remane 2002) 3 have been classified as regionally extinct, 56 as threatened and 72 as near threatened (Remane et al. 1998). The largest portion of the threatened species still has sustainable populations in the wetlands of northern Europe.

Of the near �00 known species in Sweden (Ossiannilsson 1978, 1981, 1983, Gillerfors 2002, 2003, 2005) only three have been listed in the latest red data book (Gärdenfors 2005). In Sweden, most species were regarded as data deficient due to the lack of expertise and well-documented data.

Of the 387 known species from UK (Wilson, pers.comm.2006) one has been classified as endangered (Cicadetta montana), 76 as notable and 22 as data deficient (Peter Kirby 1992).Of the other European countries only Italy has evaluated its fauna of Auchenorrhyncha (Pavan 1992).


� Methods and material

4.1 Taxonomy

I have critically assessed the latest taxonomic research done abroad, in which new methods, bioacoustic signals and host plants of the nymphs, have been used to separate species. I have got invaluable help from my collegues Dr. Mike Wilson (Cardiff), Dr. Herbert Nickel (Göttingen), Dr. Dimitri Tishechkin (Moskow), Prof. Alexandr Emelyanov (St.Petersburg), and Gösta Gillerfors (Lund), who have discussed taxonomic problem with me and provided me with articles on difficult genera. Based on this I have, when considered necessary, revised adults of the Finnish material of some species. I have paid special attenti-on to difficult genera such as Javesella, Oncopsis, Kybos, Empoasca, Edwardsiana, Eupteryx, Linnavuoriana, Zygina, Balclutha, Cicadula, Scleroracus and Psammotettix.

4.2 Biology

In the biological research I have tried to clarify the developmental stage of hibernation and, in particular, the host plants of the nymphs of which there has been very scanty reliable information. I use the term food plant for the plant on which the adult feeds, and the term host plant for the plant on which the nymph feeds.

I have collected and stored nymph material from many plants in the field. The nymphs have been treated with the freeze-dry technique (Albrecht 199�) and in the identification of the mounted nymphs I have used the schemes of Wagner (1950), Vilbaste (1968, 1982), Walter (1975, 1978), Wilson (1978) and Stewart (1986) for guidance.

4.3 Distribution

The following collecting methods have been used in the faunistic research:The most extensive sampling technique is the use of light traps. Standard traps belonging to the Na-

tional Moth Monitoring Scheme (Söderman 199�, Leinonen et al. 1998) and different trap designs used by private collectors have been used. The material consists of altogether 76 sites and 7�5 effective trap-months. The results from the year 2002-2003 have been presented earlier (Söderman 200�).

In open terrain such as shores, pastures and mires Malaise traps have been used. Although the Malaise trap is an old design that the Finnish dipterologist Richard Frey used already in the 1930's, the general conception has long been that it is useful only in the tropics (possibly due to the use of its inventor). In Finland Malaise traps came into re-use in the 1980's but have been in extensive use only in the 21st century. Two types of traps have been used: the BioQuip model and the Terra Polar model. The material consists

1� The Finnish Environment 7 | 2007

of altogether �0 sites and 235 effective trap months. In addition, in southwestern Finland material has been collected from riparian buffer zones with large interception traps. This material consists of �0 sites and 200 effective trap months.

In traditional farmlands and on xerothermic sites yellow color traps of different design have been used (cf. Söderman & Leinonen 2003). The yellow-traps are a more easily used version of yellow pans. The material has been collected from the national pollinator network and from research projects. Two types of traps have been used: the Russells Chemical model and the Calabuig model. The material consists of altogether 190 sites and �,�85 effective trap months.

In sandy areas and ombrotrophic bogs pitfall traps have been used. The material has been collected from various research projects. The material consists of altogether 23 sites and 3,6�0 effective trap months.

The author, his collegues and field assistants have made inventories in the field using sweep-nets. The collected material has been aspirated alive, killed in a freeze and analyzed fresh. The sweep-net is easy to use, but it has limitations. Species living hideously in tufts or close to the ground surface (e.g. Aphrodes, Agallia, Euscelis, Streptanus, members of Delphacidae) and species living in canopies (e.g. Edwardsiana) are seldom encountered in such samples. Moreover, collectors refrain from sweeping thorny plant spe-cies such as roses and hawthorns, and species living on these plants are also rare in sweep-net samples. In addition, a suction sampler (model Vortex) has been used for collecting statistically appropriate quantitative samples from a few grassland areas in the years 2005. The material has been treated as the sweep-net samples.

The field inventories have had three purposes: 1) re-visits to sites of rare species found in earlier pe-riods, 2) to make inventories of conservation areas to assess the conservation status of rare species, and 3) to look for nymphs to define the host plants of the species.


5 Review of Finnish species

A review of the Finnish species, their distribution and biology is given in this chapter. On the basis of this information I have suggested a revision (see appendix 1) of the threat classification using the principles and criteria proposed by IUCN (see Rassi et al. 2001).

The systematics and nomenclature of Auchenorrhyncha follows that adopted in Central Europe (see e.g. Nickel 2003). Vernacular names in Finnish are found on the website of the Expert Group on Hemip-tera (http://users.utu.fi/veirinne/tyoryhma/tyoryhma.htm). Synonyms are included only if they have been in use in Finland before.

The names of plants follow Mossberg & Stenberg (2003) and for ornamental trees and brushwood Hämet-Ahti et al.1992.

For each species I have briefly reported the general distribution.Moreover, I have given the threat class (U) of the year 2000 evaluation complementing the class DD

with subclasses given in chapter 3.1, the stage of hibernation (H): o = egg, n = nymphal stage, a = adult, the known number of generations per year (G) in Finland known to me and methods (M) by which the species has been captured: s = sweeping or suction sampler, l = light trap, m = Malaise or interception trap, y = yellow trap and p = pitfall.

The distribution of species in Finland is roughly given according to biogeographical regions in the text and on provincial level in appendix 1. More detailed distribution data has been stored in a database at the Zoological Museum of Turku University from which distribution maps on a 10 x 10 km grid have been produced and are available on the website of the Expert Group on Hemiptera (http://users.utu.fi/veirinne/tyoryhma.tyoryhma.htm). If species records are scarce, I have treated the history of finds more in detail or mentioned single records in the text.

In the biological section the preferred habitats of the species and the host plant (-s) of the nymphs are mentioned.

Suborder Fulgoromorpha

Family Cixiidae

Subfamily Cixiinae

Cixius Latreille, 180�

Taxonomic comments: •Species of the subgenus Ceratocixius are sometimes

difficult to identify and some of the morphospecies may turn out to be sibling species. Thus, the taxon cambricus divides into two ecological types in Europe of which one

lives on xerothermic heaths and meadows, the other one on more humid mountain down slopes. They may possibly be distinct species that cannot be morphologi-cally separated, yet. The type specimen recorded from


England belongs to the eastern European type that also occurs in Finland (Holzinger et al. 2003).

•All species of the genus have nymphs with an endogeic development. At the moment only nymphs of C.similis can be separated from other species.

C.(Cixius) nervosus (Linnaeus, 1758)Eurosiberian; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Very rare in the southwestern part of Finland from which it appears to have retarded. There are recent findings from Häme and northern Karelia. Adults have been found mostly on wooded pastu-res, which have become rare in the southwest. The nymphs live subterraneously and are apparently polyphagous, adults ascend trees and brushwood (Alnus, Fraxinus, Betula, Quercus, Salix) for feeding and mating. Females descend in autumn to bases of herbs for oviposition.

C.(Ceratocixius) cunicularius (Linnaeus, 1767)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common and widespread north to the orohemi-arctic region and the Barents Sea. Lives preferably in boreal deciduous forests, but has also been recor-ded on mires in the northern half of Finland. The nymphs live preferably subterraneously, but there are records of nymphs also from decayed trees, which probably belong to this species. Adults as-cend leaftrees (Betula, Alnus) and brushwood (Salix, Corylus, Lonicera) for feeding and mating. Females return to the ground layer for oviposition.

C.(Paracixius) distinguendus Kirschbaum, 1868Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Previously known from scattered localities in the hemiboreal region, but has evidently expanded its range to the southern boreal region in the last decade. It lives in wet boreal deciduous forests and thickets fringing shores and mires. The nymphs live subterraneously, possibly on rhizomes of ferns, and adults ascend tall herbs and grasses (Filipendu-la, Lysimachia, Epilobium angustifolium and Phragmi-tes) for feeding and mating. Females return to the ground layer for oviposition.

C.(Paracixius) cambricus China, 1935European; U: NT; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Very rare in Finland. Confirmed from alvar-like meadows on islands in the National Park of South-western Finnish Archipelago. There are two inland records of this species. One single specimen taken in year 19�2 from Northern Karelia, strangely apart from all other localities, that Lindberg considered belonging to C.stigmaticus (Germar, 1818). Ossian-nilsson determined it with hesitation to C.cambricus in 19�3 and Huldén (1975) also considers it to be-

long to this species. Another inland occurrence was recorded in 2002 from an air field in Satakunta. In Russia the species is confined to forest steppes and in England to sand terraces. The nymph is said to feed on roots of sedge underneath stones in Eng-land (LeQuesne 1960).

Data: Al: Kökar 19�7 (leg. A.Nordman, W.Hellén & H.Lindberg); Ab: Nauvo 1961 (leg. G.Roos), 1969 (leg. P.T.Lehtinen), 1993 (leg. V.Rinne), Korppoo 1995 (leg. V.Rinne); N: Tammisaari Gullö 1961 (leg. Anonymous); St: Hämeenkyrö 2002 (leg. K.Mattila); Kb: Kontiolahti 19�2 (leg. H.Lindberg).

C.(Paracixius) similis Kirschbaum, 1868Cixius distinguendus in J.Sahlberg 1871 nec Kirschbaum,

1868

Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,m,pWidespread and common throughout Finland

and further north to the Barents Sea. It is most abundant in the central and northern parts of the country where peatbogs are more numerous. It lives in mires, on paludified shore meadows, in moist cool coniferous forests and in cool scrubby island habitats off the Baltic shore. The polyphago-us nymph has been found in peat and moss. Adults ascend scrubs (Vaccinium, Myrica, Ledum, Betula nana, Salix) for feeding and mating. The female re-turns to the ground surface for oviposition.

Pentastiridius Kirschbaum, 1868Oliarius Stål

P.leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s, l, y

Rare and scattered in the coastal reed beds of the Finnish Gulf and on reedy shores of lakes in western Finland. It has also been found from lake and mire fringes inland. The nymphs are polypha-gous and live subterraneously feeding on roots of different plants. I have recorded them on Tripleuros-permum maritimum and T.inodorum. Adults ascend monocots on the shore (Phragmites, Bolboschoenus, Scirpus, Carex, Eriophorum) for mating. Fertilized females make nocturnal flights to new habitat pat-ches. It belongs to the guild of species with highly fluctuating annual local populations due to water level changes in its breeding niche. It may be rare in some years and very numerous and expanding in others. A rare incident of this is described by Reuter (1880), who recorded an influx of more than 1,000 specimens to one single wheat field in southwes-tern Finland in 1878.


Family Delphacidae

Subfamily Kelisiinae

Kelisia Fieber, 1866

Taxonomic comment:•The guttula- and pallidula-groups comprise several

species in Europe, some of which are difficult to identify with small distinguishing characters in the male aedagus but with different host plants (see Holzinger et al.2003). Insofar, the Finnish species appear to be taxonomically clear, but further investigations are hampered by the lack of new material as most species have recently be-come very rare.

K.guttula (Germar, 1818)Eurosiberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rather rare and localized in the hemiboreal re-gion and with a few scattered occurrences in the southern boreal region of Finland. Lives on tall-grass shore meadows and sedge mires. The nymph lives on Carex lasiocarpa and C.vesicaria.

K.confusa Linnavuori, 1957Southeast European ? ; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

The first specimen was encountered with a suc-tion sampler in the Nature Reserve Ramsholmen in southern Alandia (Albrecht et al. 2006). The spe-cies is previuosly known from southeastern Europe (Nickel 2003), but Holzinger et al. (2003) synonymi-zed the taxon K.nervosa described by Vilbaste from Lithuania in 1970 with this species. The nymph is mentioned to live on Carex elata (Nickel 2003).

Data: Al: Jomala Ramsholmen 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahl-Söderman & Ahl-roth).

K.vittipennis (J.Sahlberg, 1868)Stenocarenus guttuliferus in J.Sahlberg, 1871 nec Kirschbaum,

1868

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: sRather common on mires in the hemiboreal,

southern and middle boreal regions of Finland with strongholds on ombrotrophic bogs in the south. The nymph is strictly monophagous on Eriophorum vaginatum. A small cotton-grass patch is usually enough to sustain a rather big local population.

K.pallidula (Boheman, 18�7)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare, probably extinct from the mainland Finland, but still with small remnant populations in Alandia. It has occurred in minerotrophic spring seepages, alkaline fens and basic woody meadows in the southwesternmost parts. The nymph is

strictly monophagous on Carex panicea (Nickel 2003).

K.praecox Haupt, 1935Eurosiberian; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s

Rare in southern Finland and there are only some recent findings in 2002-2003 (Albrecht et al. 2003). Despite collecting efforts, it has not been found in suitable sites elsewhere. Lives along wet ditches and rivulets, where the host plant Scirpus sylvaticus grows. The host plant in Central Europe is Carex brizoides (Holzinger et al. 2003), which is missing from Finland.

Data: Ab: Espoo 2003 (leg. V.Rinne); N: Espoo 2003 (leg. Rinne, Albrecht, Söderman), Helsinki 2002 (leg. AlbrechtAlbrecht & Rinne), Sipoo 2003 (leg. A.Albrecht), Tuusula 2003 (leg.A.Albrecht), Tuusula 2003 (leg. I.Mannerkoski).

K.ribauti W.Wagner, 1938Kelisia pannonica Matsumura 1911 ssp.ribauti W.Wagner, 1938

in Linnavuori 1969b.

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: sWidespread but with scattered localities in the

boreal parts of the country. It has been found in wetlands and on wet patches close to the sea shore where its host plant grows. The nymph lives in Fin-land monophagously on small-grown Carex nigra.

K.monoceros Ribaut, 193�European; U: DD�; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare in Finland where it is only found on xerothermic slopes. The host plant of the nymph in Central Europe is Carex otrubae growing in wet sites (Nickel 2003), but finds in Finland are related to occurrences of Carex ericetorum and C.muricata.

Data: Ab: Paimio, Turku 19�9 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Sa: Jout-seno 1951 (leg. R.Linnavuori), 200� (leg. Söderman & Albrecht), Luumäki, 200� (leg. Söderman & Albrecht); Al: Föglö 1975 (leg. A.Albrecht), Sund 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahlroth); Ab: Pohja 1976 (leg. A.Albrecht).

K.sabulicola W.Wagner, 1952West-European; U: VU; H: a; G: 1; M: s

Lives in Finland only on a few southwestern dune fields (Albrecht et al. 2003), where the host plant of the nymph Carex arenaria grows. None of the known sites represent conservation areas, but the known populations are quite big. On some of the sites the host plant is however declining.

Data: N: Hanko Tvärminne 1976 (leg. A.Albrecht), 1993, Hanko Tulliniemi 1993 (leg. V.Rinne); Ab: Dragsfjärd �rö 1996V.Rinne); Ab: Dragsfjärd �rö 1996 (leg. V.Rinne), 2001 (leg. A.Albrecht); Al: Eckerö Degersand 2002 (leg. Albrecht, Söderman & Mattila), 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahl-Albrecht, Söderman & Mattila), 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahl-roth); N: Hanko Tvärminne and Lappohja 1993 (leg. T.Lammes), 200� (leg. Albrecht, Söderman, Ahlroth & Mannerkoski).Albrecht, Söderman, Ahlroth & Mannerkoski).


Anakelisia W.Wagner, 1963

A.perspicillata (Boheman, 18�5)European; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s

One macropterous male of this species has quite recently been found from a dry meadow in nort-heastern Alandia (Albrecht et al. 2006). The strong-hold of the species is probably in western Estonia. The host plant of the nymph is said to be Carex flacca or C.pilulifera abroad (Nickel, 2003).

Data: Al: Sund Mångstäkta 2002 (leg. G.Söderman)

Subfamily Stenocraninae

Stenocranus Fieber, 1866

Taxonomic comment:•Analysis of male gentitalia in series of the taxon

S.minutus show a large variation in the curvature of the appendix of the aedagus, some of which fit the drawings of S.major by Ossiannilsson (1978:figs 126-127). The variation is believed to be caused by slight deformation during copulation. The form of the male aedagus is the-refore an unreliable character for differentiation of the two species.

S.major (Kirschbaum, 1868)West-Palaearctic; U: DD3; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Still quite rare and localized in southern Finland where it was first recorded as late as in 199�. Du-ring the next ten years it spread quite rapidly and is nowadays not uncommon south of the Suomensel-kä water divide in Finland. It lives on wet seaside meadows, humid inland patches and in riparian buffer zones. The nymph is a strict monophage of Phalaris arundinacea.

S.minutus (Fabricius, 1878)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in southern Finland, in parti-cular within the hemiboreal region, but it has ex-panded also to the eastern parts of Central Finland north to Northern Karelia. As the species first was met with on the islands of Alandia in year 19�3, it seems to have had two expansion routes; one from southwest, the other from southeast. It lives on road verges and mesic meadows. The nymph lives strictly monophagous on Dactylis glomerata.

S.fuscovittatus (Stål, 1858)Eurosiberian; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s

The species has insofar only been recorded twice from Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003). It was swept from a paludified lakeshore on Carex vesicaria, which probably is the host plant of the nymph in Finland, and from Ledum in a pine bog.

Data: N: Pernaja 2002 (leg. Albrecht & Söderman), Hyvinkää 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht).

Subfamily Delphacinae

Delphacinus Fieber, 1866

D.mesomelas (Boheman, 18�9)Pontomediterranean; U: DD2; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m

Rare and occurring only in the southern parts of Finland. It lives on dry meadows, but also accepts s.c. substitutional habitats, viz. road verges. The nymph is a monophage of Festuca ovina.

Eurysula Vilbaste, 1968

E.lurida (Fieber, 1866)Metropis laevifrons J.Sahlberg, 1871

Siberian; U: DD2; H: n; G: 1; M: s,pRare in the hemiboreal parts of Finland. There

are only a few recent records within its distributio-nal range in southern and central parts of Finland. Lives in sandy places where the host plant Cala-magrostis epigejos grows (Linnavuori 1952b). Both adults and the nymphs live hideously in the grass tufts. It appears to be most common in the early succession stages of disturbed areas.

Eurybregma Scott, 1875Taxonomic comment: •There are two species of this genus in Europe, which

have an eastern distribution. The best known is E.nigrolineata Scott, 1875, which has proved to be expansive. It was known already in the 1940´s in eastern Germany from where it expanded to the western parts in the 1960´s and during the last decade further west and south to France, Belgium and northern Italy, but not notably to the north (see, however, Gillerfors 2002). The second, less well-known species is E.porcus that originally was described as a species of Criomorphus. E.porcus is known from the Balkans and European Russia. It was found in the Leningrad Region in the 1960´s and the Finnish occurrence is a part of this population.

E.porcus (Emelyanov, 196�)Siberian; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: sThe species has been found only once in Finland and one adult and two nymphs were swept from a lush meadow (Albrecht et al. 2006). The host plant is either Elymus repens or Dactylis glomerata.

Data: Kb: Tohmajärvi 2003 (leg. M.Pajari).


Stiroma Fieber, 1866

S.affinis Fieber, 1866Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,p

Rather common throughout the country in cool and humid, often coniferous, forests, on cropland margins and in mires. The nymph lives on several species of grasses, but seems to prefer species of Calamagrostis.

S.bicarinata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; S: s,l,y,m

Common throughout the country in clearings of boreal deciduous forests and cropland margins. The nymph lives on grasses (Poaceae). I have found it most abundantly on Deschampsia flexuosa.

Stiromoides Vilbaste, 1971Eurysa pro parte

S.maculiceps (Horvath, 1903)Siberian; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s

This rare eastern species has only been found once in a xerothermic site in southeastern Finland (Linnavuori 1952a). The nymph is said to live on Koeleria in Central Europe (Holzinger et al. 2003), but the host plant in Finland is probably Festuca ovina.

Data: Sa: Joutseno 1951 (leg. R.Linnavuori).

Achorotile Fieber, 1866

A.albosignata (Dahlbom, 18�5)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m, p

Rather rare and localized, but widely distributed in Finland. It lives only on sandy and rocky sur-faces with sparse tufts of its host plants Agrostis canina and A.vineale.

A.longicornis (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Siberian and boreoalpine in Europe; U: DD5; H: n; G: 1; M: s

There are two very old records from the 19th century of the species from Finland, one from a sandy field, the other from a stony heath. The third, and most recent record, is some 20 years old. The host plant of the nymph is probably Agrostis vineale growing on the most recent recording site. In the Alps it has been swept from Juncus trifidus (Nickel 2003).

Data: Kl: Parikkala 1966 (leg. J.Sahlberg); N: Vantaa 1889 (leg. A.Palmén); Ta Janakkala 198� (leg. M.A.Koponen).

Euconomelus Haupt, 1929

E.lepidus (Boheman, 18�7)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rather scarce along the seashore north to Oulu in northern Ostrobothnia. It has furthermore been recorded locally from shores of large lakes in Fin-land. Lives on muddy shores, where either of the host plants of the nymph, Eleocharis palustris or E.uniglumis, grows abundantly.

Conomelus Fieber, 1866

C.anceps (Germar, 1821)West-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rather common in the hemi- and southern bo-real regions of Finland on various muddy shores and swampy forest patches. The nymph lives in Finland on Juncus effusus and J.conglomeratus. In the Alps it is also known from J.inflexus (Holzinger et al. 2003).

Delphax Fabricius, 1798

D.crassicornis (Panzer, 1796)Transpalaearctic; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Rather rare and predominantly occurring along the seashore and locally inland in reed-beds. It is also recorded from norther Karelia. The nymph is a strict monophage of Phragmites australis. Both adults and nymphs spend much time close to the basal tufts based on my recent recordings from Alandia.

D.pulchellus (Curtis, 1838)Delphax minki in J.Sahlberg, 1871 nec Fieber, 1866

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,mMore rare than the preceding species and found

only in coastal reed-beds of southern Finland. The nymph is a strict monophage of Phragmites aust-ralis.

Euides Fieber, 1866

E.basilinea (Germar, 1821)Delphax speciosa Boheman, 18�5

West-Palaeractic; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,mThe presumed halobiontic species was in ear-

ly times recorded from alkaline mire reed-beds in southwestern Finland (Linnavuori 1969b). The few recent records do neither imply alkaline nor saline habitats, but rather muddy sites. The adult female oviposits in the stems of Phragmites australis and


the nymph lives on the basal parts of the plant (Strübing 1960, Vogel 1981).

Data: Al: Finström <1871 (leg. Reuter & J.Sahlberg), EckeröReuter & J.Sahlberg), Eckerö 19�3 (leg. H.Lindberg); Ab: Raisio 19�7 (leg. R.Linnavuori); St: Pori 2000 (leg .K.Mattila); Ab: Ruissalo 200� (leg. V.Rinne); Tb:V.Rinne); Tb: Jyväskylä 200� (leg. J.Kahanpää); Ab: Lieto, Tarvasjoki 2005J.Kahanpää); Ab: Lieto, Tarvasjoki 2005 (leg. T.Kanerva).

Chloriona Fieber, 1866

C.chinai Ossiannilsson, 19�6Chloriona prasinula H.Lindberg, 1935 nec Fieber, 1872

Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: sRare along the seashore north to the middle

boreal region in Finland. In addition, it has been recorded at the shore of Lake Oulujärvi. It lives in the outer waterlogged parts of reedbeds. The small nymph lives on the basal parts and ascends with age to the upper parts of Phragmites australis.

C.glaucescens Fieber, 1866Chloriona unicolor in J.Sahlberg 1871 nec Herrich-Schäffer,

1835

West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,mRather common in coastal reed-beds north to

Central Ostrobothnia, but also inland along shores of larger lakes. The nymph lives monophagously in the upper parts, close to the inflorescens, of Ph-ragmites australis.

C.smaragdula (Stål, 1853)Chloriona smaragdula J.Sahlberg, 1871

West-Palaearctic; U: DD3; H: n; G: 1; M: sRare in Finland north to the northern boreal re-

gion. It lives preferably on eutrophic lakeshores. The nymph lives in the upper parts of Phragmites australis (Vogel 1981).

Megamelus Fieber, 1866

M.notula (Germar, 1830)Megamelus brevifrons Reuter, 1880

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M:s Common north to the northern boreal region

in Finland. It lives on paludified shores and sedge mires. The nymph lives on Carex and Juncus and the adult has been swept from Equisetum palustre in numbers.

Unkanodes Fennah, 1956

U.excisa (Melichar, 1898)Siberian; U: DD2; H: n; G: 2; M: s,l

Rather rare and lives on sandy beaches of the Baltic Sea, north to the island of Hailuoto. The nymph is a strict monophage of Leymus arenarius.

Megadelphax W.Wagner, 1963

M.sordidula (Stål, 1863)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the central boreal region in Finland. It lives on tall-grass meadows, lays, crop-fields, road verges and in riparian buffer zones. The nymph feeds on Phleum pratense and Alopecurus pratensis in Finland.

Laodelphax Fennah, 1963

L.striatella (Fallén, 1826)Transpalaearctic; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Widespread and nowadays rather common in southernmost Finland and with scattered records further north. This is a species which adapts well to disturbed habitats and is one of the pioneer species inhabiting open and poorly vegetated sites. Adult brachypterous specimens preferably live on dry and mesic meadows, but macropterous individuals often stray very far from their local population. The records north of the southern boreal region in Finland are all macropterous individuals, possibly on dispersal flight. The species has apparently ex-panded its range northwards in this century. The nymph lives on various grasses (Poaceae), most abundantly on Agrostis capillaris.

Paraliburnia Jensen-Haarup, 1917

P.adela (Flor, 1861) Eurosiberian; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Very rare and local in Finland on wet shore meadows and riverbanks. I have found the nymph on Phalaris arundinacea, but Glyceria is also men-tioned by other hemipterologists (LeQuesne 1960, Linnavuori 1969b, Vilbaste 197�). Both nymphs and adults live hideously in the tufts.

P.clypealis (J.Sahlberg, 1871)North-European; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m

Very rare in Finland. It lives in quaking mi-res and on wet paludified shore meadows. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis canescens. Adults and nymphs live a hideous life like the preceding species.


Data: Kb: Hammaslahti 19�3 (leg. P.Kontkanen); Ab: RaisioP.Kontkanen); Ab: Raisio 19�7 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Tb: Jyväskylä 200� (leg. J.Kahanpää);R.Linnavuori); Tb: Jyväskylä 200� (leg. J.Kahanpää); St: Säkylä 2005 (leg.E.Kallio).

Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968

H.elegantula (Boheman, 18�7)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,m,p

Rather common throughout the country and found in various dry habitats from meadows to strings of raised bogs. The nymph feeds on De-schampsia flexuosa and Calamagrostis arundinacea.

Calligypona J.Sahlberg, 1871

C.reyi (Fieber, 1866)Calligypona albicollis J.Sahlberg, 1871

Transpalaearctic; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: sRare in the southwestern parts north to sout-

hern Ostrobothnia. Lives on shore meadows. The nymph feeds on Schoenoplectus lacustris and S.tabernaemontani.

Delphacodes Fieber, 1866

D.capnodes (Scott, 1870)European; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s

Only two populations of this tyrphobiontic spe-cies is known from mire conservation areas in sout-hern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymph and adults live in the peat and feed on basal parts of sedges (Carex) and cottongrass (Eriophorum).

Data: St: Yläne Vaskijärvi 2005 (leg. J.Kirjavainen); Ta: Kuru Seitseminen 2005 (leg. J.Kirjavainen)J.Kirjavainen)

D.venosus (Germar, 1830)Liburnia curtula J.Sahlberg, 1871

European; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,mLocalized in the interior of the country north to

central Ostrobothnia where it lives in mires and on humid, slightly paludified meadows. The nymph lives in the peat and feeds on basal parts of sedges (Carex), rushes (Juncus) and cottongrass (Eriopho-rum). Macropterous specimens may stray to drier biotopes in autumn.

Gravesteiniella W.Wagner, 1963

G.boldi (Scott, 1870)Eurosiberian; U: VU; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,p

Previously known from a few dune fields on where the nymphs lived on Festuca polesica (Al-

brecht 1977). Along the southern Baltic shores it lives on Ammophila arenaria (Ossiannilsson 1978). It was, however, recently found inland from an esker in Häme where none of these grasses grow, so it may also be living on other fescue species. In Central Europe it has been found inland only from eastern Austria and Hungary (Holzinger et al. 2003).

Data: N: Hanko Tvärminne 1976-79 (leg.A.Albrecht), 200� (leg. J.Ikävalko); Ab: Dragsfjärd �rö 1996 (leg.V.Rinne); Ta:

Loppi Komio 2005 (leg. Karjalainen & Salminen).

Muellerianella W.Wagner, 1963

M.brevipennis (Boheman, 18�7)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common in the hemi- and southern boreal re-gions in Finland living on all kinds of mesic and dry grasslands and in forest clearings. Occasionally it can also be found in mires. The nymph is mo-nophagous on Deschampsia flexuosa.

M.extrusa (Scott, 1871)Calligypona fairmairei (Perris, 1857) p.p. in Linnavuori

1969b

Eurosiberian; U: DD1; H: o; G: 1; M: sRare in mires and wooded pastures in the sout-

hern boreal region of Finland. The nymph feeds on Molinia caerulea.

M.fairmairei (Perris, 1857)Holomediterranean; U: DD1; H: o; G: 1; M: s

There is only a few records of this species from southwestern Finland. The nymph feeds on soft-grass (Holcus lanatus and H.mollis) in central Eu-rope (Nickel 2003). Drosopoulos (1977) states that oviposition takes place on Juncus effusus and that young nymphs move to Holcus for further deve-lopment. Some of the Finnish specimens may be migrants from further south.

Data: N: Hanko Tvärminne 1972 (leg.?) op.cit.Ossiannilsson 1983 addendum; Ab: Nauvo Seili 2005 (leg. T.Ranta).

Muirodelphax W.Wagner, 1963

M.aubei (Perris, 1857)Liburnia obsoleta J.Sahlberg, 1871

West-Palaearctic; U: VU; H: o; G: 1; M: sOnly recorded twice from Finland. Lives on

alvar-like calcareous thyme-growing meadows, where the nymph feeds on Poa pratensis.

Data: Al: Lemland 1953 (leg. W.Hellén); Ab: Jurmo 1995 (leg. V.Rinne).


Acanthodelphax LeQuesne, 196�

A.denticauda (Boheman, 18�7)European; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m

Occurs throughout the country with the excep-tion of Alandia. It is much more common in the northern parts of the country and becomes rare in the southern parts. Lives on humid meadows and mires (Raatikainen & Ylönen 1988). The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis canescens (Linnavuori 1952b) and Deschampsia caespitosa (Drosopoulos 1977).

A.spinosa (Fieber, 1866)European; U: -; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,m

The first records of this species from Finland are from the 21st century, when it was found in dry meadows, city gardens, on airport fields and road verges (Albrecht et al. 2006). Abroad the species lives on sheep grazed meadows on Festuca ovina (Gillerfors 2003) or F.rubra (Nickel 2003).

Data: N: Hanko Tvärminne 2002 (leg. K.Mattila), Espoo Nuuksio 2003 (leg. V.Rinne), Espoo Mäkkylä 200� (leg. K-E.Lundsten), Inkoo Västankvarn 200� (leg. J.Pöyry); Ab: Lohja Varola 200� (leg. Pöyry & Paukkunen ), Karjalohja Niku 200� (leg. J.Pöyry), Salo 200� (leg. J.Paukkunen); Ta: Loppi 2005 (leg. Karjalainen & Salminen); Sa: Joutseno 2005 (leg. A.Valtonen).

Nothodelphax Fennah, 1963Tyrphodelphax Vilbaste

N.albocarinata (Stål, 1858)Liburnia albocarinata f.intermedia J.Sahlberg, 1871

Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: sDisperse north to northern Ostrobothnia in Fin-

land. It lives on sedge-dominated mires and in wet bog depressions. I have found the nymph on Carex limosa. Ossiannilsson (1978) mentions Eriophorum as well.

N.distincta (Flor, 1861)Liburnia albocarinata f.brachyptera in J.Sahlberg 1871

North-European; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,pRather common, but localized, throughout

the interior of Finland in large mire complexes. The nymph lives monophagously in the tufts of Eriophorum vaginatum.

Dicranotropis Fieber, 1866

D.hamata (Boheman, 18�7)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 2; M: s,y,m,p

Very common north to the northern boreal regi-on in Finland on various grasslands. The nymph lives on several grass species, i.a. Dactylis, Alopecu-rus, Elymus repens and Festuca in Finland.

Florodelphax Vilbaste, 1971Paraliburnia pro parte

F.paryphasma (Flor, 1861)Delphax lucticolor J.Sahlberg, 1871

Eurosiberian; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: sA very rare species that has been found only in

a few sites. It lives on wet shore meadows and in fringes of eutrophic mires. The nymph is a strict monophage of Carex disticha. Nymphs and adults live hideously in tufts.

Recent data: St: Yläne Vaskijärvi 200� (leg. V.Rinne).

Kosswigianella W.Wagner, 1963

K.exigua (Boheman, 18�7)European; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Rare and found only twice in Finland. It lives on dry sandy meadows. The nymph only feeds on Festuca ovina. There are old records (leg.J.Sahlberg) from Russian Karelia, so the species may also live in the southeastern part of Finland.

Data: Ab: Parainen <1880 (leg. O.M.Reuter), Dragsfjärd �röO.M.Reuter), Dragsfjärd �rö 1996 (leg. V.Rinne).

Struebingianella W.Wagner, 1963Paraliburnia pro parte

S.lugubrina (Boheman, 18�7)European; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Rare in the hemi- and southern boreal regions of Finland. It lives in lush groves, swamps and on eut-rophic lakeshores. The nymph has been found only on Glyceria lithuanica and G.fluitans in Finland. It is also mentioned from sedges (Carex) and common reed (Phragmites) (Linnavuori 1969b).

Xanthodelphax W.Wagner, 1963

X.flaveola (Flor, 1861)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common on the mainland north to nort-hern Ostrobothnia on dry and mesic short-grown meadows and lays (Raatikainen & Vasarainen 1976). The nymph lives monophagously on Poa pratensis.

X.straminea (Stål, 1858)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,m

Rather common in the hemi-, southern and mid-dle boreal regions in Finland. Lives on rather dry meadows (records from ombrotrophic bogs refer


to stray specimens). The nymph feeds on Agrostis canina and A.stolonifera.

X.xantha Vilbaste, 1965Eurosiberian ?; U: -; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m

This rare species was described from the Altai and is previously only known from southern Rus-sia, Belorussia, southern Germany, eastern Poland and Latvia (Holzinger et al. 2003). It is reported from humid tall-grass forests and mires and the nymph is supposed to live on Calamagrostis canes-cens and Molinia caerulea (Remane & Fröhlich 199�). Macropterous specimens belonging to this species was recently swept from a flower-rich dry slope meadow in southeastern Finland. They may be migrants as prevailing butterfly migrations from the east occurred during the capture day. Brachyp-terous specimens were later found from a dry road verge further south, indicating that the species has produced native populations (Albrecht et al. 2006).

Data: Kl: Parikkala Koitsanlahti 200� (leg. G.Söderman), Sa: Joutseno Korvenkylä 2005 (leg.A.Valtonen).

Paradelphacodes W.Wagner, 1963Paraliburnia pro parteStruebingianella pro parte

P.litoralis (Reuter, 1880)North-European; U: DD2; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Very rare on shore meadows of the southwes-tern and Ostrobothnian coast (Linnavuori 1969b). Moreover, it has been found in quaking mires in Finnish Lapland (Albrecht et al.2003). The nymph feeds on Eleocharis uniglumis along the coast and in Lapland on E.acicularis.

Data: Ab: Parainen <1880 (leg. O.M.Reuter); Oa: Kvevlax and Korsholm 19�0 (leg. H.Lindberg); Ab: Raisio 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Lk: Kolari 2000 (leg. K.Mattila); Li: Inari 2000K.Mattila); Li: Inari 2000 (leg. K.Mattila).

P.paludosa (Flor, 1861)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Rare and localized in the interior parts of the country with strongholds in the southwest. It li-ves in small forest mires and on wet lakeshore meadows. The nymph feeds monophagously on Carex rostrata close to the peat surface (Linnavuori 1952b)

Oncodelphax W.Wagner, 1963

O.pullula (Boheman, 1852)North-European; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Rare in southern Finland north to the middle boreal region in mires and on paludified lakesho-res. The nymphs and adults live hideously in the peat where they feed on basal parts of tufts of Carex vesicaria.

Criomorphus Curtis, 1833

C.albomarginatus Curtis, 1833European; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,m,p

Common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. It lives on mesic and wet meadows, but also in mires. The nymph feeds on Festuca, Poa, Deschampsia and Calamagrostis (Raatikainen & Va-sarainen 1976).

C.borealis (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,p

Rather common throughout the mainland, but clearly more abundant in the eastern parts. It lives on wet and mesic meadows and in lush groves. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis arundinacea and in the north on C.purpurea. It has not been found on C.canescens, which is mentioned by Schiemenz (1987) as the host plant.

C.moestus (Boheman, 18�7)North-European; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s,p

Very rare in the boreal mainland of Finland and clearly more common in the west and north. It is mentioned to live on paludified meadows (Kontka-nen 19�8). The suggested host plants of the nymph are Calamagrostis canescens (Ossiannilsson 1978) and C.stricta (Nickel, l.c.). I have recorded brachyp-terous and macropterous specimens abundantly in a field of Poa alpigena in western Lapland and some specimens in an ombrotrophic bog. In England it is associated with Poa trivialis (LeQuesne 1960).

Javesella Fennah, 1963

Taxonomic comments: •Species in the discolor-group are difficult to identify,

because the male genitalia structures differ but little. Holzinger et al. (2003) consider it possible that J.bottnica is conspecific with J.simillima, but Huldén (1974) also sho-wed differences in the ratio of the wings of the brachyp-terous morph. My own research of fresh material supports the opinion of Huldén, in regarding J.bottnica as a distinct species.

•The macropterous form of J.pellucida is dimorphic in Finland. In one morph, the outer margin of the wing is wholly black (f.marginata Fabricius, 1794) and such spe-cimens are more common on wet sites, the other (nomi-nal form) predominates on dry meadows, cropfields and ruderal areas. I have not found any differences in the


male genitalia of the two morphs. The dimorphism is apparently the result of seasonally different generations, the darker ones representing the 2nd generation. The species has been stated to be monovoltine in Finland (Raatikainen & Vasarainen 1976) but this is incorrect, at least for the 21st century populations.

J.(Javesella) discolor (Boheman, 18�7)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,p

Common throughout the country in wet meadows, swampy clearings in forests and on mi-res. The nymph lives polyphagously on monocots, i.a. on Deschampsia, Scirpus, Eriophorum, Carex and Juncus.

J.(Javesella) simillima (Linnavuori, 19�8)Liburnia nitidipennis in J.Sahlberg 1871 pro parte, nec Kirsch-

baum, 1868

Siberian; U: DD1; H: n; G: 1; M: s,pLocalized and rare in Finland. It lives in small

swampy forest depressions. The suggested host plants of the nymph are Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rostrata (Linnavuori 1952a).

Data: Ab: Karjalohja <1871 (leg. J.Sahlberg), Raisio 19�7 (leg.J.Sahlberg), Raisio 19�7 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Sb: Kiuruvesi 1951 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Ta: Ruo-vesi Siikaneva 200�-2005 (leg. Mattila & Kirjavainen); St: Yläne Vaskijärvi 200�-2005 (leg.Rinne & Kirjavainen).

J. (Javesella) bottnica Huldén, 197�North-European; U: DD1; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Most Finnish records are old and disperse. The newest finds are from both the Finnish and Russian sides of Kuusamo, where it was swept from sedge bordering an oligotrophic lake, and from lakesho-re in the National Park of Seitseminen in Central Finland. The host plant of the nymph is unknown, but most specimens have been swept from Carex acuta.

J.(Javesella) pellucida (Fabricius, 179�)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1-2; M: s,l,y,m

Very common throughout the country on all kinds of grassland. The nymphs appear to feed on grasses (Poaceae) in drier sites and on sedges (Cyperaceae) in wetter.

J.(Javesella) dubia (Kirschbaum, 1868)Liburnia pargasensis Reuter, 1880

Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mRather common throughout the country. It li-

ves in humid forests (Linnavuori 1952b), on humid meadows, in mires and on dewy crop-fields. The nymph feeds at least on Agrostis stolonifera, Avena and Phleum.

J.(Javesella) obscurella (Boheman, 18�7)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Common north to the northern boreal region. It lives on mesic and unimproved grasslands. The nymph feeds on Alopecurus geniculatus, Avena, Lo-lium and Phleum (Ikäheimo & Raatikainen 1961).

J.(Javesella) forcipata (Boheman, 18�7)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Common throughout the country in mires, swampy forests, wet groves and shore meadows. The nymph feeds on Deschampsia caespitosa in Fin-land.

J.(Javesella) alpina (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Javesella forcipata (Boheman, 18�7) f.alpina J.Sahlberg, 1871

in Linnavuori 1969a

North-Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: sOccurs only in the north on lake- and rivershores

and near springs in the mountain birch forest. The host plant of the nymph is not known, but adults have been swept from Vachlodea atropurpurea and Nardus stricta.

J.(Haffneriella) stali (Metcalf, 19�3)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s

Rare and localized in Finland. It has been col-lected from riverbeds and wet sandy areas. The nymph feeds on Equisetum arvense and E.palustre.

Ribautodelphax W.Wagner, 1963

Taxonomic comment: •The Dutch researcher Bieman showed that the angulosa-

complex comprises two species (1981, 1987), which are very difficult to discern from one another (see Holzinger et al. 2003). The host plants of the two species differ, but they commonly grow together in the same sandy areas. The Finnish museum material has been revised and most specimens reported by Huldén (1977) belong to the taxon vinealis.

R.albostriata (Fieber, 1866)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,m,p

Rather common throughout the mainland on sandy fields and mesic meadows. The nymph feeds on Poa.

R.angulosa (Ribaut, 1953)European; U: DD�; H: n; G: 2; M: s, y

The species was thought to be extinct from Fin-land until the year 200� when it was found from a few calcareous crevasses in rock meadows in southwestern Finland. Even at the best sites the


populations are fairly small, although producing two generations per year. On these sites the nymph lived monophagously on Anthoxanthum odoratum. Due to the isolated and small-sized occurrences, none of which have been protected, the Finnish populations are not regarded as sustainable. The main threat to the sites is overgrowth induced by eutrophication. The species seems to be very scarce in Germany (Nickel 2003).

Data: Ab: Lohja 1927, 1936 (leg. H.Lindberg), Lohja Varola 200� (leg. J.Pöyry), Karjaa Enbacken 200� (leg. Ikävalko & Pauk-kunen); N: Inkoo Backaviken and Gölesudden 200� (leg. Mali-nen & Paukkunen).

R.vinealis Bieman, 1987European?; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m,p

The species has previously only been recorded from the Netherlands and northern Germany (Hol-zinger et al. 2003) but has probably been confused with the pervious species in older recordings. In main Finland it has been found on dry and san-dy slopes throughout the country as far north as Finnish Lapland (Albrecht et al. 2006). It has been found where the host plant of the nymph Agrostis vineale grows abundantly. The species has insofar not been recorded from other Nordic countries, but some older records from Sweden may refer to this species.

R.collina (Boheman, 18�7)Liburnia biarmica J.Sahlberg, 1871

European; U: DD�; H: n; G: 1; M: sVery rare and localized in the interior of Finland

on sandy patches. The nymph feeds monopha-gously on Agrostis capillaris.

R.pallens (Stål, 185�)European, boreoalpine; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,m

Rather rare but widely distributed in the sout-hern and central parts of Finland. Lives on dry sandy slopes where the host plant of the nymph Festuca ovina grows in abundance, but also in cul-tivated fields (Linnavuori 1952b).

Note! The delphacid taxon Liburnia axillaris J.Sahlberg, 1871 is included as endemic of Finland in the data-base Fauna Europaea. I have not been able to locate the type specimen, but it is obvious that the taxon has been described under another name, because Sahlberg´s description is very vague and does not allow for exclusive identification.

Family Achilidae

Cixidia Fieber, 1866

C.confinis (Zetterstedt, 1838)North-European; U: LC; H: n; G: <1; M: s

Rather rare in the southern boreal region of Fin-land. Lives in humid conifer forests, both comme-ricial and natural, underneath the cortex of decom-posing trunks. The nymphs feed on fungal mycelia of Amyloporia (Linnavuori 1951).

C.lapponica (Zetterstedt, 1838)Epiptera lapponica (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: <1; M: l,yRather rare from the southern to the northern

boreal region in Finland. The life cycle is much the same as in the preceding species (cf. Päivinen et al. 1999)

Family Caliscelidae

Ommatidiotus Spinola, 1839

Taxonomic comment: •Morphologically different female specimens of Ommati-

diotus were in 2004 swept from Carex in xeric habitats along the southwestern coast of Finland. They differ from O.dissimilis in having the forewing veins darker than the interspaces, a broader and dark stripe on their head and having more edentations on their ovipositor than females of dissimilis from wetlands. The females swept in 2004 bear striking similarities with the taxon inconspi-cuus, to which I believe they belong.

O.dissimilis (Fallén, 1806)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,p

Rather rare in the southern and central parts of Finland – most records are from the southern part. It lives on tufty mires and wet shores. The nymph li-ves on Eriophorum vaginatum and E.angustifolium.

O.inconspicuus Stål, 1863East-European ?; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare and only recorded from sandy xeric sites in southwestern Finland. Adults were swept from Carex arenaria (Albrecht et al. 2006).

Data: N: Hanko Tvärminne 200� (leg. Albrecht & Söderman), Hanko Lappohja 200� (leg. Albrecht & Söderman).


Suborder Cicadomorpha

Family Cicadidae

Cicadetta Kolenati, 1857

Taxonomic comment: •Gogala & Trilar (1999, 2004) have with bioacoustic

techniques shown that there are at least four different species in Europe belonging to the montana-complex. The song of C.montana s.str. is continuous and long-lasting with only short, irregular interruptions. The echemes of the cicada song in the best site in Finland is reminiscent of this (Albrecht, pers.comm.).

C.montana (Scopoli, 1772)Transpalaearctic; U: EN; H: n; G: 1/6 (?); M: s

Endangered over large areas in Europe, from where it has vanished in several places in Western Europe (Wilson, Gillerfors, Nickel l.c.). In nearby Russia, along the river Luga, there are records from the years 1858, 1895, 1923, 1971 and 1986. There is one good known site in the parish Pohja in Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003), but the species probably oc-curs in two other sites also. There is a song hearing from Inkoo in the 1990´s and a quite recent adult sample from Lohja. It lives on dry exposed woody slopes. The nymph lives subterraneously and feed on roots of leaf-trees and herbs. In England the female oviposits the bases of bracken (LeQuesne 1965). The development lasts 6 years in the vicinity of Moscow in Russia (Kudryásheva 1975). In Fin-land the newest adult and exuviae records are from the years 1990, 1996, 2002, 200� and 2005 in Poh-ja (Jaakko Lahti, in litt.), which indicate multiple cycles. In the cicada survey of this 113 exuviae and 10 adults were counted in 200� and �7 exuviae and 13 adults in 2005. There are earlier records from the same site in the years 1986 and 1989 (leg. Albrecht) and the song from Inkoo was heard in year 1995 (Lauri Kaila, pers.comm.).

Family Aphrophoridae

Lepyronia Amyot & Serville, 18�3

L.coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yCommon in the southern interior parts of Finland. It lives on both dry and mesic meadows and also

in mires. On meadows adults are abundant on bed-straw (Galium) and in mires on cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris). The nymph is polyphagous and feeds on various herbs.

Peuceptyelus J.Sahlberg, 1871

P.coriaceus (Fallén, 1826)Siberian; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,p

Localized in humid spruce stands of southern and central Finland. Adults have been found on Norway spruce (Picea abies), but I have no records of spit on this tree. The nymph might hide in the undervegetation and feed on dicots and adult only ascend spruce for feeding, mating and hibernati-on.

Neophilaenus Haupt, 1935

Taxonomic comments: •Linnavuori (1969b) considers the taxon dilutus (J.Sb.) a

subspecies of N.exclamationis, which he has found only in Raisio in southwestern Finland. Ossiannilsson (1981) regards it only as a form. Holzinger et al. 2003 adopt the opinion of Wagner (1955) including five different subs-pecies in Europe. I have found the taxon dilutus to be sympatric with the nominal form in several populations and consider it only a morph of the species.

•At present it is not clear if the taxon lineatus consists of more than one species (cf. Holzinger et al. 2003). Ossiannilsson (1981) distinguishes between four diffe-rent morphs, f.typica, f. aterrima, f.pulchella and f.pallida Haupt, 1917. The three firstmentioned all live on mires and humid meadows, whereas f.pallida is restricted to xeric dune landscapes. There are some differences in the male aedagus and genital style between the latter form and the others (Ossiannilsson 1981:237) and it may be a distinct species (cf.Vilbaste 1974). Neither crossing experiments nor molecular analyses have yet been made to solve the taxonomic status of pallida.

N.exclamationis (Thunberg, 178�)Philaenus dilutus J.Sahlberg, 1871Philaenus exclamationis nigerrimus H.Lindberg, 1923

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pCommon throughout the country, preferably in

dry sites, but also recorded from lush shady groves. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae), preferably on Festuca.


N.lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)Philaenus aterrimus J.Sahlberg, 1871Philaenus pulchellus J.Sahlberg, 1871

Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pVery common in Finland north to the northern

boreal region. It lives on humid and wet meadows and in mires. The nymph feeds on both grasses (Po-aceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae). The form pallida is only known from a rocky dry meadow on the Alandian mainland.

N.minor (Kirschbaum, 1868)West-Palaearctic; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

The only known Finnish record is from a xerot-hermic site in southeastern Finland (Linnavuori 1952a). The nymph probably feeds on Festuca ovina in Finland. Abroad it is stated to be monophagous on Koeleria (Schiemenz 1988).

Data: Sa: Joutseno 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori).

Aphrophora Germar, 1821

A.alni (Fallén, 1826)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common in boreal deciduous forests and alder groves in southern and central Finland. The nymph is polyphagous on herbaceous plants. The adults ascend trees, brushwood and tall herbs for feeding and mating. In the Lake Oulujärvi surrounding the dark-black, microclimatically induced, morph umbrina is common.

A.pectoralis Matsumura, 1903Aphrophora forneri Haupt, 1919Aphrophora salicina in Lindberg 19�7 nec Goeze, 1778Aphrophora costalis Matsumura, 1903

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pRather common in the southern and central parts

of Finland. It lives on both dry and wet meadows and in small-leaved deciduous forest. The nymph lives in spits on basal branching of new shoots of willows, most abundantly on Salix phylicifolia, more seldom on S.caprea, S.cinerea and S.aurita.

Philaenus Stål, 186�

P.spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout the country becoming more rare in Lapland. It lives on all kind of grass-lands and on road verges. The nymph is polypha-gous on herbaceous plants.

Family Membracidae

Centrotus Fabricius, 1803

C.cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y

The species has become rarer in Finland, but still occurs locally along boreal deciduous forest mar-gins in the southern and eastern parts. The nymph lives polyphagously in the herbaceous layer (recor-ded in Finland from Cirsium and Geranium sylva-ticum). Adults ascend trees (oak, aspen, alder) for feeding and mating. The female descends later for oviposition.

Family Cicadellidae

Subfamily Ulopinae

Ulopa Fallén, 181�

U.reticulata (Fabricius, 179�)European; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,m,p

Rather common in the southern and central parts of Finland, where it lives on dry heaths and on strings of ombrotrophic bogs. Both nymphs and adults feed monophagously on heather (Calluna vulgaris), the fruits of which they remind.

Subfamily Megophthalminae

Megophthalmus Curtis, 1833

M.scanicus (Fallén, 1806)Mediterranian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m

Rare in Finland within the hemi- and southern boreal regions on dry meadows and road verges. The nymph feeds on Lotus corniculatus.

Subfamily Macropsinae

Oncopsis Burmeister, 1838

Taxonomic comment: •The flavicollis-complex is one of the most difficult in

Europe. Already Wagner (1949) proved that the coloring of the adults of the taxon flavicollis varies much. La-ter, LeQuesne (1961a) showed a great variation in the shape of the appendices of the pygophore. Claridge


& Reynolds (1972) looked for biological differences and distinguished between two groups: O.flavicollis and O.subangulata oviposited inside dormant leafbuds and O.carpini (J.Sahlberg, 1871) and O.avellanae oviposited in young apical shots of branches. Differences are also found in the ovipositor shields of the females (upwards curving in the former group and straight in the latter). The reliable distinguishing character within the groups was found in their courtship song (Claridge & Reynolds 1973), and a hitherto unidentified species, not morpho-logically identified (Claridge & Nixon 1981) was found in the flavicollis-subangulata complex. The host plants have been regarded as discriminating in the carpini-avellanae complex (LeQuesne 1961a). O.carpini feeds on Carpinus and O.avellanae on Corylus, but finds of the latter on Alnus glutinosa in England and Finland show characters in between these taxa. The whole complex will probably be solved only with molecular techniques in future.

O.flavicollis (Linnaeus, 1761)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout Finland. It lives in bo-real deciduous forests. The nymph feeds on birches (Betula).

O. avellanae Edwards, 1920West-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Recorded new to Finland in the survey of the National Park of the Southwestern Archipelago in 1986. Later it has been recorded, not uncommon, along the shores of the Gulf of Finland and further north to Pori (Albrecht et al. 2006). It lives in coastal alder-groves. The nymph and the adult feed mo-nophagously on Alnus glutinosa. The facial pattern of the Finnish specimens are in comparison to the Brittish I have seen more strongly depicted, but clearly of the same type (see Biedermann & Nied-ringhaus 200�).

O.subangulata (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Oncopsis fortior W.Wagner, 19��

North-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mRather common throughout Finland. It lives in

boreal deciduous woods on Betula.

O.tristis (Zetterstedt, 1838)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common throughout Finland in boreal deciduo-us woods. The nymph feeds on birches (Betula), preferably B.pendula.

O.appendiculata W.Wagner, 19��European; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Very rare in Finland with only three records from the southeastern part. It lives on small-grown, twining, silver birches (Betula pendula) growing on xerothermic slopes.

Data: Sa: Joutseno 19�6 (leg. E.Thuneberg), 1950 (leg.E.Thuneberg), 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Ka: Kotka 2003 (leg. Sundell & Söderman).

O.planiscuta (Thomson, 1870)North-Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Most common in the eastern parts of Forest Lapland and very rare and localized in other parts of the boreal region. It lives in boreal deciduous woods in the north and close to large mire comp-lexes in the south. The host plant of the nymph is grey alder (Alnus incana).

O.alni (Schrank, 1801)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Rather common in Finland north to the southern parts of the northern boreal region. It lives in boreal deciduous forests, humid groves and coastal alder thickets on Alnus incana and A.glutinosa.

Pediopsis Burmeister, 1838

P.tiliae (Germar, 1831)European; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Very rare in the southwestern parts of Finland where it lives in broad-leaved deciduous woods and in parks. Only one of known sites is protected. The nymph and adult feed on small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata).

Data: Ab: Turku and Parainen < 1880 (leg. O.M.Reuter), Ru-issalo 1919 (leg. H.Lindberg), 19�7 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Lohja 19�3 (leg. H.Lindberg), Turku 1983 (leg. V-M.Mukkala), 199� (leg. V.Rinne), Lemu Nyynäinen 199� (leg. Mukkala & Rinne); N: Hanko Tvärminne 2003 (leg. G.Söderman), Inkoo 2003 (leg. G.Söderman); Ab: Turku Ruissalo 200� (leg. Rinne & Söder-man)..

Macropsis Lewis, 183�

Taxonomic comment: •In Central Europe the cerea-group forms a species

complex (Nickel 2003). The Finnish cerea-specimens vary very little so they might belong to one species only - to which, can only be defined after more research in Central Europe.

M.infuscata (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Macropsis cerea in Lindberg 19�7 nec Germar, 1837

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pCommon in Finland north to the northern bo-

real region. Lives in boreal deciduous forests. The nymph is monophagous on Salix caprea.

M.cerea (Germar, 1837)Macropsis haupti in Lindberg 19�7 nec W.Wagner, 19�1

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mCommon in Finland north to the northern boreal

region. It lives in boreal deciduous woodlands and in inner parts of shores on broad-leaved willows (Salix aurita, S.caprea, S.cinerea, S.pentandra).M.fuscinervis (Boheman, 18�7)


Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yRather rare in the hemi- and southern boreal

regions of Finland. It lives in boreal deciduous fo-rests. The nymph feeds on aspen (Populus tremula), preferably on young basal sprouts.

M.impura (Boheman, 18�7)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y

Rather rare in the southern parts of Finland, where it lives on sandy fields and shores and in gravel pits. The nymph is a monophage of Salix repens.

M.fuscula (Zetterstedt, 1828)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in the southern and central parts of Finland. It is often found along road ver-ges, where the host plant of the nymph Rubus idaeus grows.

M.scutellata (Boheman, 18�5)West-Palaearctic; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: m,l

Two recent records from the eastern part of the Salpausselkä ridges are known (Albrecht et al. 2006). Both sites represent dry ruderal areas. Lives abroad in hot nettle-communities (Urtica dioica) and is difficult to observe (Nickel 2003).

Data: Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2003 (leg. Sundell & Söder-man), Luumäki Päivärinne 2005 (leg. Saarinen & Söderman).

Macropsidius Ribaut, 1952

M.sahlbergi (Flor, 1861)Pontomediterranean; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Only recorded from light-traps in southeastern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003), where the nymph feeds on Artemisia campestris. The Finnish site is the northernmost in Europe. It is earlier known from a few sites in the Baltic countries (Vilbaste 1971, 197�).

Data: Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2002, 2003 (leg. Sundell & Söderman).

Hephathus Ribaut, 1952

Taxonomic comment: •The Russian researcher Mityaev (1967) has shown that

the species H.nanus comprises two species. H.nanus is described from mountainous Central Europe and lives monophagously on Carlina acaulis, a hostplant missing from Northern Europe. The Asian species that has spread to eastern Finland is a distinct species H.achilleae. The species depicted in Ossiannilsson (1981:297) belongs to the latter (the model is a Karelian specimen).

H.achilleae Mityaev, 1967H.nanus auct. nec (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)

North-Siberian; U: VU; H: o; G: 1; M: sVery rare and only recorded from two sites in

eastern Finland. It lives on dry meadows. The nymph feeds according to Mityaev on Achillea millefolium.

Data: Kb: Pyhäselkä Hammaslahti 1927 (leg. P.Kontkanen), Kontiolahti 19�2 (leg. H.Lindberg).

Subfamily Agalliinae

Agallia Curtis, 1833

A.brachyptera (Boheman, 18�7)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o + a (fem.); G: 1; M: s,l,y,p

Common and widespread in the southern and central parts of Finland. Lives in the southern parts on rather dry and mesic grassland where nymphs live on herbaceous plants, like clover (Trifolium), sorrel (Rumex), dandelion (Taraxacum) and yarrow (Achillea). In Central Finland and Ostrobothnia the species, both adults and nymphs are very common on eskers and ombrotrophic bogs. It is not clear which host plant(s) these nymphs live on, but spe-cies of Vaccinium are the most likely hosts.

Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 19�6

Taxonomic comment: •The two taxa A.ribauti and A.lithuanica are very close

and with few distinguishing features in the male. In the studied Finnish series the distinguihing characters are however unambiguous, and the different host plants suggest of two separate species. Females can not yet be separated.

A.venosa (Fourcroy, 1785)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,p

Rather common but localized in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives on rather dry meadows. The nymph is monophagous on Lotus corniculatus.

A.ribauti Ossiannilsson, 1938West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m,p

It is common north to the middle boreal region in Finland with strongholds in the eastern parts. It lives on dry meadows and sandy sites. The nymph feeds on plantains (Plantago) in Finland.


A.lithuanica Vilbaste, 197�East-European ?; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l

Found insofar only in a few sites in southern Finland where it lives on dry sandy meadows (Al-brecht et al. 2006). The nymph and adult feed on thyme (Thymus serpyllum).

Data: N: Hanko Neljäntuulentupa 1993 (leg. T. Lammes); Sa: Lappeenranta 2003 (leg. G.Söderman), Joutseno 200� (leg. Söderman & Albrecht), Luumäki 200� (leg. Söderman & Al-brecht).

A.estonica Vilbaste, 1961East-European ?; U: EN; H: a; G: 1; M: s,p

The species has been recorded from alvar-like heaths in the outer archipelago in southwestern Finland. Most specimens have been captured in pitfalls. The nymph feeds on Thymus serpyllum (Vilbaste 197�).

Data: Ab: Nauvo Lökholm 1969 (leg. P.T.Lehtinen), Nau-vo Bergham 1992 (leg. V.Rinne), Korppoo Jurmo 1995 (leg.V.Rinne), Korppoo Jurmo 1995 (leg.

V.Rinne).

Subfamily Idiocerinae

Idiocerus Lewis, 183�

I.stigmaticalis Lewis, 183�European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Localized in the hemiboreal region, becoming more rare further north in the southern boreal re-gion of Finland. It lives in boreal deciduous forests and parks. The nymph feeds on tree-sized willows (Salix caprea, S.pentandra, S.viminalis, S.fragilis).

I.lituratus (Fallén, 1806)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather common but localized north to the boun-dary of the middle and northern boreal region in Finland. It lives preferently on sandy shores, road verges and along fringes of mires. The nymph feeds on willows (Salix aurita, S.caprea, S.cinerea, S.repens, S.fragilis).

I.herrichii Kirschbaum, 1868West-Palaearctic; U: DD�; H: o + a (fem.); G: 1; M: s,l

Rare in alluvial forests and in parks in southern Finland. The nymph feeds on tree-sized narrow-leaved willows, like Salix pentandra and S.fragilis.

Metidiocerus Ossiannilsson, 1981Idiocerus pro parte

M.elegans (Flor, 1861)Siberian; U: LC; H: o + a (fem.); G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common throughout Finland in fringes of fo-rests and mires and in coastal thickets. The nymph feeds on brush-sized willows, most abundantly on Salix myrsinifolia, but has also been found on S.rosmarinifolia, S.caprea, S.cinerea and S.aurita.

Populicerus Dlabola, 197�Idiocerus pro parte

P.populi (Linnaeus, 1761)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Very common in Finland north to the southern parts of the northern boreal region. It lives in boreal deciduous woods. The nymph and adult feed on aspen (Populus tremula) only.

P.laminatus (Flor, 1861)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Widespread in Finland like the preceding spe-cies, but more localized in the northern part of its range. The nymph and adult live monophagously on aspen (Populus tremula).

P.nitidissimus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)Idiocerus fulgidus auct. nec Fabricius, 1775

West-Palaearctic; U: DD�; H: o; G: 1; M: sOnly found in town parks in southern Finland.

The nymph and adult feed on poplars (Populus ni-gra, P.balsamifera).

Data: N: Helsinki Botanical Garden 19�6 (leg. H.Lindberg);H.Lindberg); Ab: Turku 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori); N: Järvenpää 2002-2003 (leg. I.Mannerkoski).

P.confusus (Flor, 1861)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Widespread and rather common north to the southern parts of the northern boreal region in Finland. It lives on various shore meadows and in boreal deciduous forests on broad-leaved willows (Salix aurita, S.caprea, S.cinerea).

P.albicans (Kirschbaum, 1868)West-Palaearctic; U: DD5; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Only found from a few parkland sites in sout-hern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph is monophagous on Populus alba.

Data: Ka: Virolahti 1998 (leg. Huldén & Albrecht), 2003 (leg.Huldén & Albrecht), 2003 (leg. A.Albrecht); N: Hanko 2003 (leg. K-E.Lundsten), Vantaa 2003K-E.Lundsten), Vantaa 2003 (leg. A.Albrecht).A.Albrecht).


Acericerus Dlabola, 197�

A.heydenii (Kirschbaum, 1868)European; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Recently recorded from southwestern Finland where it has been met with in light-traps, Malaise traps and swept from maples (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymph lives on Acer platanoides in Finland. This is apparently a recent immigrant to Finland that can not have been overlooked by earlier he-mipterologist. The populations in southwestern Finland are marginal in Europe as the closest finds are from Denmark and Poland. Insofar, it is missing from the Baltic countries. In Finland the species has established itself in natural and protected broad-leaved forests.

Data: Ab: Nauvo Seili 2002 (leg. K.Ruohomäki), 2005 (leg. T.Ranta), Turku Ruissalo 200� (leg. Söderman & Kirjavainen).

Tremulicerus Dlabola, 197�

Idiocerus pro parte

T.distinguendus (Kirschbaum, 1868)European; U: -; H: o; G:1; M:window trap

A female of this species was been captured in a trunk window trap in early summer in the south-western archipelago. The specimen is likely to be a vagrant, because the host plant of the nymph, Populus alba, does not grow on the small island it was captured from.

Data: Ab:Nauvo Stora Styrholm 2005 (leg. Clayhills & Rin-ne).

T.tremulae (Estlund, 1796)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yWidespread and rather common in the hemi- and southern boreal regions of Finland although more scarce in the northern part of its range. It lives in aspen forests and in parks. The nymph and adult feed on aspen (Populus tremula).

Stenidiocerus Ossiannilsson, 1981Idiocerus pro parte

S.poecilus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)West-Palaearctic; U: DD�; H: o + a (fem.); G: 1; M: l

Very rare and only found in city parks in sout-hern Finland with strongholds in the southwestern part. Most female records are from the winter pe-riod, but the Lappeenranta records are from late summer. The nymph is a monophage of black pop-lar (Populus nigra).

Data: Ab: Sauvo, Turku, Taivassalo, Lohja (latest records in 199� and 1999); N: Helsinki 19�6 (leg. H.Lindberg & P.Nuorteva); Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2002 (leg. Sundell & Söderman).

Sahlbergotettix Zachvatkin, 1953

Idiocerus pro parte

S.salicicola (Flor, 1861)North-Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only recorded once, more than a century ago, from Finland. According to Vilbaste (197�) it li-ves on fens and paludified meadows in Estonia, in places where the host plant Salix rosmarinifolia grows.

Data: St: Yläne 1869 (leg. J.Sahlberg).

Subfamily Iassinae

Iassus Fabricius, 1803

I.lanio (Linnaeus, 1761)European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather rare in southwestern Finland, but is expanding eastwards and northwards. It lives in broad-leaved deciduous forests and parks. Nymphs and adults feed on common oak (Quercus robur).

Batracomorphus Lewis, 183�

B.allionii (Turton, 1802)Cicada prasina Fabricius, 179� nec Pallas, 1773

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mRare on xerothermic sites in Finland, where it

occurs mainly along the Salpausselkä ridges and their adjacent esker chains. Lives on hot and dry meadows, but can locally be very abundant (Sö-derman 200�). The host plant of the nymph might be Lotus corniculatus. Abroad it is mentioned only from Genista and Cytisus (Nickel 2003).

Subfamily Dorycephalinae

Eupelix Germar, 1821

E.cuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,y,m,p

Rather rare in the hemi- and southern boreal re-gions of Finland. It lives on sandy ground and dry fields. The nymph feeds on Festuca ovina in Finland, abroad also F.rubra is mentioned (Nickel 2003).


Subfamily Aphrodinae

Aphrodes Curtis, 1829

Taxonomic comment: •Tishechkin (1998) showed in his research that the old

taxon A.bicincta is a species complex of four taxa with different bioacoustics, morphology and ecology. The nomenclature problem is, however, not exclusively solved yet. According to Tishechkin the species pre-viously named A.bicincta in Finland should be A.makarovi Zachvatkin, 1948. Morover, two other species occur in Finland, A.bicincta (Schrank, 1776) and A.diminuta Ribaut, 1952. The fourth taxon of the complex, A.aestuarina (Edwards, 1908), has an Atlantic distribution and is confined to halophilic coastal meadows. Its taxonomical status is still unsolved. In my opinion the taxon centroros-sica Zavhvatkin, 1953 is not necessarily conspecific with diminuta as they appear to live in different habitats and have different host-plants.

Aphrodes makarovi Zachvatkin, 19�8 sensu Tishech-kin 1998

Aphrodes bicincta auct.partim nec (Schrank, 1776)

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1-2; M: s,l,y,mFairly common north to the middle boreal regi-

on of Finland. Lives on mesic and wet meadows and is very abundant in riparian buffer zones. The nymph feeds on nettles (Urtica) and dandelions (Taraxacum).

A.bicincta (Schrank, 1776) sensu Tishechkin 1998Aphrodes makarovi Zachvatkin, 19�8 sensu Ossiannilsson 1981

p.p.

Eurosiberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yAssumed to be rather common in the southern

and central parts of Finland. It prefers sandy fields and dry meadows (Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph lives on species of Fabaceae, on Lotus corniculatus and Astragalus alpinus, in particular.

A.diminuta Ribaut, 1952? Aphrodes centrorossica Zachvatkin, 1953Aphrodes bicincta (Schrank, 1776) sensu Ossiannilsson

1981 p.p.Aphrodes bicincta auct. partim nec (Schranck, 1776)

European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,p The species has been found in several mire

complexes in Finland. The first known records are from Finnish Lapland and were reported as A.bicincta (Raatikainen & Ylönen 1988). Most ot-her European records are also from oligotrophic mires (Ossiannilsson 1981: �land, Norway, Nickel 2003). Tishechkin (1998), however, names species of Fabaceae, in particular Oxytropis, as host plants. Although some species of Oxytropis grow in the vicinity of some Nordic sites, they do not grow in mires, from where also nymphs of the species

have been sampled. If the host plant is a dicot, Po-tentilla palustris or Menyanthes trifoliata are possible candidates based on the plant compositions of the Finnish recording sites.

Planaphrodes Hamilton, 1975Aphrodes pro parte

Taxonomic comment: •The type specimen of P.trifasciata has been shown to

belong to P.bifasciata. The second oldest name is P.laeva, but the description is weak and uncertain, so the species might have to be re-described under a new name.

P.bifasciata (Linnaeus, 1758)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m,p

Common throughout Finland. It lives preferab-ly on dry meadows. The nymph feeds on various grasses (Poaceae).

P.nigrita (Kirschbaum, 1868)European; U: DD1; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,p

Rare in Finland, and only recorded from a few sites in the southern part. Dry sandy fields of es-kers are its main habitat and the nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

Data: Ta: Hattula 19�5 (leg. P.Nuorteva); Sa: Taipalsaari 19�7 (leg. W.Hellén); Tb: Jyväskylä 19�7 (leg. W.Hackman); N: Hel-sinki 1960 (leg. Paulomo), 196� (leg. A.Nordman); Ta: Lammi 1973 (leg. G.Söderman); Kb: Tohmajärvi 1973 (leg. G.Söderman); Ta: Loppi 200�-2005 (leg. Karjalainen & Salminen).

P.laeva (Rey, 1891)P.trifasciata auct.nec Fourcroy, 1785

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,pRather common but localized north to the boun-

dary of the middle and northern boreal regions in Finland. It lives on sandy ground, dry meadows and ombrotrophic bogs. The nymph and the adult feed on Calluna vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum and Arctostaphylos uvaeursi.

Anoscopus Kirschbaum, 1858Aphrodes pro parte

A.albifrons (Linnaeus, 1758)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Rather common in the hemi- and southern bo-real regions of Finland. It lives on dry meadows. The nymph feeds on bent-grasses (Agrostis) and small-reeds (Calamagrostis).

A.histrionicus (Fabricius, 179�)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare and possibly extinct from Finland. It has lived on sandy sites and dry meadows in the


southern parts. The latest Finnish record of the spe-cies is more than 60 years old. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

A.flavostriatus (Donovan, 1799)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,p

Rather common in the southern and central parts north to the island of Hailuoto in northern Ostrobothnia. Lives in open dry woods and on me-sic meadows, where the nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

Stroggylocephalus Flor, 1861

S.agrestis (Fallén, 1806)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y

Rather rare in Finland north to the middle boreal region. Lives on tall-grass shore meadows, which are often paludified. The nymph feeds on Carex vesicaria and Bolboschoenus maritimus in Finland.

S.livens (Zetterstedt, 1838) Siberian; U: DD�; H: a; G: 1; M: s,p

Rare and localized in the western parts of Fin-land, but recorded north to Lapland. It has probab-ly been overseen because of its life-style and -cycle. It lives a very hideous life on oligotrophic mires. The adult hibernates in the peat. The nymph feeds in the tufts of Rhyncospora alba and Eriophorum an-gustifolium.

Subfamily Cicadellinae

Evacanthus Lepeltier & Serville, 1825

E.interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the northern boreal region in Finland. Lives on mesic, tall-herb meadows, where adults often are swept from Epilobium angustifo-lium. The nymph feeds on plants of Asteraceae, and I have found it most abundantly on Achillea ptarmica.

E.acuminatus (Fabricius, 179�)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

More scarce than the preceding species in Finland and extends north only to the middle boreal region. It lives on tall herbs in groves, lush forest stands and on riverbanks. The nymph feeds on plants of Lamiaceae (Galeopsis, Lamium and Stachys).

Batysmatophorus J.Sahlberg, 1871

B.reuteri J.Sahlberg, 1871North-Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather rare, but may be locally abundant, on wet alluvial meadows in Forest Lapland. Linnavuori (1969a) mentions it to live on willows. The nymph has however only been collected from Geranium sylvaticum in Finland, although adults willingly ascend brushwood for feeding and mating.

Cicadella Latreille, 1817

C.viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)Tettigella viridis in Lindberg 19�7

Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pVery common north to the northern boreal region

in Finland. It lives on humid and mesic meadows, along forest ditches and in mires. The nymp feeds on rushes (Juncus), sedges (Carex), wood-rush (Scir-pus) and common reed (Phragmites).

C.lasiocarpae Ossiannilsson, 1981 Cicadella concolor Haupt, 1912 in Huldén 1978

Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lIt has insofar only been found in four places

in Finland. Lives syntopically with the preceding species in mires and on paludified lakeshores. The nymph feeds at least on Carex lasiocarpa and C.vesicaria.

Data: Ta: Janakkala 1916 (leg. P.H.Lindberg); Sa: Mikkeli Anttola 1986 (leg. G.Söderman); N: Valkmusa National Park 2003 (leg. G.Söderman); Ab: Karjalohja Kalkkikallio mire 2005 (leg. Salokannel & Mattila).

Subfamily Typhlocybinae

Alebra Fieber, 1872

A.albostriella (Fallén, 1826)European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: y

The only known record is from a yellow-trap in southeastern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003). In Cent-ral Europe, where it is common, it lives in groves and deciduous forests, where the nymph is po-lyphagous on various leaf-trees (oak, alder, maple, elm and hazel). The Finnish specimen belongs to f.diluta Ribaut, 1936.

Data: Sa: Joutseno Anola 2002 (leg. G.Söderman).

A.neglecta W.Wagner, 19�0Eurosiberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

In Finland only recorded from the southeast, in but it is quite abundant in adjacent Russia on the


Karelian Isthmus in small-leaved deciduous forests (Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph feeds here on Prunus padus, further south in Europe also abun-dantly on other leaf-trees (Carpinus, Quercus).

Data: Sa: Joutseno 2002 (leg. G.Söderman).

A.wahlbergi (Boheman, 18�5)European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Discovered from the Helsinki metropolitan area in the 21th century, where it lives in parks on small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) (see Albrecht et al. 2003) and maple (Acer platanoides). Also found in (Ab) Turku Ruissalo (leg.V.Rinne & G.Söderman, 200�). Further south in Europe it lives on a num-ber of other leaf-trees, such as oak, birch, ash and hazel. Demichelis & Bosco (1995) however state that the nymph prefers lime also in southern Eu-rope. The Finnish specimens are pale and belong to f.pallescens Ribaut, 1936.

Erythria Fieber, 1866

E.aureola (Fallén, 1826)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m,p

Rather common in the hemi- and southern bo-real regions of Finland, where it lives on heaths and ombrotrophic bogs. The nymph and adult feed on Calluna vulgaris; from Central Europe also thyme is mentioned (Nickel 2003), which has not been verified from Finland.

Emelyanoviana Anufriev, 1970Erythria pro parte

E.mollicula (Boheman, 18�5)West-Palaearctic; U: DD5; H: o; G: 1; M: s

There are only two old records from eastern Fin-land, but the species was found to be not too rare along the northern coast of Estonia in the 1990´s, so a re-colonisation along the Finnish southcoast is not impossible. It lives on dry meadows further south in Europe where the nymph feeds on Ajuga, Salvia, Verbascum and Stachys (Nickel 2003).

Data: Kb: Pielisjärvi Pielensuu 19�2 (leg. H.Lindberg), Py-häselkä Hammaslahti 19�3 (leg. P.Kontkanen).

Dikraneura Hardy, 1850

D.aridella (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Siberian; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Rather rare throughout Finland. It lives pre-ferably in moss-covered coniferous forests. The nymph feeds on Deschampsia flexuosa.

D.variata Hardy, 1850Holarctic; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s

Rare in the southern parts of Finland in dry and open forests and on ruderal fields. The nymph lives on Calamagrostis epigejos and Festuca.

Micantulina Anufriev, 1970Erythria pro parte

M.micantula (Zetterstedt, 1838)Eurosiberian; U: DD1; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l

Very rare in the southwestern parts of Finland. It lives on lush meadows and in broad-leaved forests. The nymph feeds on Thalictrum. In Sweden the spe-cies has a much wider distribution reaching much further north and utilizing drier habitats (Gillerfors 2005). The species may have been overlooked in Finland due to its localized occurrence.

Data: Al: "Alandia" <1880 (leg. O.M.Reuter); Ab: Lohja (leg.O.M.Reuter); Ab: Lohja (leg. Linnaniemi); Al: Finström 19�3 (leg. H.Lindberg), 1978 (leg. A.Albrecht), 2002 (leg. �stman & Söderman), Lemland 1978�stman & Söderman), Lemland 1978 (leg. A.Albrecht).

M.pseudomicantula (Knight, 1966)Dicraneura micantula in Lindberg 19�7 nec Zetterstedt, 1838

Siberian; U: DD1; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,mVery rare and localized, and confined to lush fo-rest groves in the interior of Finland. Linnavuori (19�9a) recorded it in (Ta) Lammi from Filipendula ulmaria. Later, it has only been found from an Aco-nitum-grove, rich with Filipendula, in (Kb) Tohma-järvi. The nymph probably feeds monophagously on Filipendula.

Wagneriala Anufriev, 1970Erythria pro parte

W.minima (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m

Only a few specimens have been found from thyme fields in southeastern Finland and from lichen-floored forests further to northeast. It lives on sandy fields and dry meadows in Central Euro-pe. Here the nymph lives on Carex humilis, which does not grow in Finland. Vilbaste (1982) mentions C.montana, as the host plant, but this plant has gone extinct from Finland. In Finland C.ericetorum is the host plant in all recorded sites.

Data: Sa: Joutseno 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Luumäki Pajari 200� (leg. G.Söderman), Ok: Sotkamo Räätäkangas 200�-2005 (leg. R.Leinonen).


Igutettix Matsumura, 1932 Vilbasteana Anufriev, 1970 in Albrecht et al. 2003Dikraneura pro parteAlebroides auct. nec Matsumura, 1931

I.oculatus (H.Lindberg, 1929)Igutettix pulverosus Matsumura, 1932Dikraneura maculosa Vilbaste, 1968

East-Palaearctic; U: -; H: o; G: 2-3; M: s,l,mRecently, only in the 21th century recorded from

gardens and parks, in the west from the metropoli-tan area of Helsinki east to the Karelian Isthmus in Russia (Albrecht et al. 2003). In Siberia the species lives on Syringa reticulata (=amurensis) (Anufriev & Emelyanov 1988). Found for the first time in Euro-pe from Moscow in the late 20th century, where it lives in parks on ornamental lilac bushes (Syringa persica and S.vulgaris) (Tishechkin, l.c.). In Finland both adults and nymphs have been sampled from Syringa josikaea, S. x henryi, and once from S.reflexa. The leaves of the lilac become yellow-spotted, in particular along the margins (Söderman 2005).

Forcipata De Long & Caldwell, 1936

F.citrinella (Zetterstedt, 1838)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,m

Common throughout Finland. Lives on mires and paludified lakeshores, but is often also encoun-tered in boreal deciduous forests. The host plant of the nymph is at least Carex rostrata, but other sedges, or even rushes, are potential host plants in the wooded sites.

F.forcipata (Flor, 1861)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m

Rather rare in the whole country, but more com-mon in the north. Lives on lakeshores and alluvial river meadows. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex) and woodrushes (Luzula).

Notus Fieber, 1866

N.flavipennis (Zetterstedt, 1828)Notus marginatus J.Sahlberg, 1871

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yCommon throughout the country on lakeshore

fringes, wet meadows and in mires. The nymph feeds i.a. on Carex vesicaria, horsetails (Equisetum) and Scirpus sylvaticus.

Empoasca Walsh, 1862

Taxonomic comment: •The pygophore appendices, characteristic for the spe-

cies, have been speculated to vary much (Nickel 2003), and hence some taxa described from the Russian Far-East, such as E.viburni Vilbaste, 1968, E.betuleti Vilbaste, 1965 and E.silvatica Vilbaste, 1968 (see Anufriev & Emel-janov 1988) could fall within the variation of the species E.ossiannilssoni. A large variation could also include the Central European taxon E.dealbata Cerutti, 1939, which would thus be the eldest valid name of the species. I ha-ve seen thousands of male pygophores of E.ossiannilssoni from Forest Lapland to the Pskov oblast in Russia and only noted an insignificant variation in this character. On the basis of this, I see no reason for synonymizing the Asian species, neither the species from the European Alps with this species described from Finland.

•Ossiannilsson (1981) used the name E.solani for the spe-cies E.pteridis although the description of Curtis was va-gue but the hostplant defined as potatoe. The specimens in the Curtis collection (in Australia) labeled solani have turned out to belong to four different species, none of which can be identified as solani (M.Wilson, pers.comm.). I therefore use Dahlboms name pteridis with a reliable description and type material for this species.

E.vitis (Göthe, 1875)Typhlocyba flavescens Flor, 1861 nec Fabricius, 179�

Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mVery common north to the middle and northern boreal boundary in all kind of boreal deciduous forests. The nymph lives on various brushwood and leaf-trees and the adults migrate to spruce for hibernation.

E.pteridis (Dahlbom, 1850)E.solani (Curtis, 18�6) sensu Ossiannilsson, 1981

West-Palaearctic; U: DD3; H: o and a; G: 1-2; M: s,l,y,m

Rare and only met with in the southern parts of Finland. It lives on crop fields and pastures. The nymph is polyphagous, but prefers plants of the family Solanaceae. No adult migration is known in this species, but the phenology in the 21st centu-ry indicates that some females might hibernate as adults in favourable places.

E.kontkaneni Ossiannilsson, 19�9Siberian; U: DD3; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Very common inland north to the middle boreal region in Finland. It lives in boreal deciduous fo-rests, preferably in the marginal parts. The nymph feeds on Rubus idaeus. The adults ascend leaf-trees (often bird cherry) and migrate to spruce for hi-bernation.


E.ossiannilssoni P.Nuorteva, 19�8? E.dealbata Cerutti, 1939 (see above)

Siberian; U: DD3; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mRather rare in the southern parts of the country,

but becomes very abundant in the northeastern parts of the middle boreal region in Finland (Al-brecht et al.2003). It lives preferably in boreal de-ciduous forests. The nymph feeds on Prunus padus and Filipendula ulmaria. Adults migrate to spruce in late autumn for hibernation.

E.apicalis (Flor, 1861)Siberian; U: DD3; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather common in deciduous woods in the inte-rior parts of southern Finland and most common in the region of Häme. The nymph is a monophage of Lonicera xylosteum. Adults feed on a number of leaf-trees and they migrate to spruce for hibernation.

Kybos Fieber, 1866Empoasca pro parte

Taxonomic comments: •It has been a riddle that the taxon betulicola has not

been recorded from Finland, because it is widespread in northern Sweden and Norway (Ossiannilsson 1981). The distinguishing characters from lindbergi have been the space between marginal appendices of the aedagus. Dworakowska (1976) has shown that the taxa lindbergi and betulicola can cross in Central Europe and inter-mediate forms have been identified in large male series (Lauterer & Holzinger 1996). According to present opinions the two taxa are considered conspecific. Linnavuori´s name then takes priority. The status of the North-American species K.ludus (Davidson & DeLong, 1938) is still unclear (see Nickel 2003). Should it turn out to be synonymous with betulicola, the name ludus then takes priority over lindbergi.

•The distinction between the taxa virgator and volgensis have been questioned (Nickel 2003) as the descrip-tions (Vilbaste 1961, Ossiannilsson 1981) differ to some extent. In the material I have seen from Finland and Russia the taxa are easy to distinguish from one another and they apparently have different host plants, virgator living on Salix viminalis and S.alba, and K.volgensis on S.pentandra.

K.smaragdula (Fallén, 1806)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout Finland. Adults live in the canopies of many leaf-trees, but the nymph feeds on alders (Alnus) only.

K.lindbergi (Linnavuori, 1951)K.betulicola W.Wagner, 1955

Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,mCommon throughout Finland. It lives in boreal

deciduous birch-dominated forests. The nymph lives on birches (Betula).

K.strigilifer (Ossiannilsson, 19�1)North-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather common, but localized in the southern and central parts of Finland, where it inhabits fo-rest margins. The nymph feeds in Finland at least on Salix caprea. From abroad also S.cinerea, S.fragilis and Alnus are mentioned, but it is not clear whether they are host plants of the nymph.

K.virgator (Ribaut, 1933)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather rare in southwestern Finland, but is al-so found in the surroundings of Lake Oulujärvi. It lives in river valleys, parks and on shores. The nymph feeds on Salix viminalis and S.alba.

K.volgensis (Vilbaste, 1961)Southeast European ?; U: -; H: o ?; G: 2; M: s

The general distribution of this species is con-fusing. It was originally described from Astrachan in southwestern Russia (Vilbaste 1961). The only other known record is from central Sweden, whe-re Ossiannilsson found it in two years, 1970 and 1979 from cultivated Salix pentandra (Ossiannilsson 1981). I have since recorded it in number from the Belgorod oblast close to the Ukrainian border and found two males from an old manor park in sout-hern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). Ossiannilsson recorded both adults and nymphs in late autumn and adults in July. My own adult records both from Russia and Finland are mainly from June, indica-ting that the species in contrast to other members of the genus produces two generations per year in northern Europe. None of the occurrences in Sweden and Finland are associated with migratory weather conditions and the record of nymphs in Sweden indicates at least small permanent native populations. The species may have been overloo-ked by previous Finnish cicadologists as the distin-guishing characters from E.virgator were published later than their main activity period. As there are no recent cicadologic inventories from the Baltic countries or from areas east of them, the possibility of a northward expansion in the late 20th century cannot be ruled out.

Data: N: Inkoo Fagervik 2005 (leg. G.Söderman)

K.butleri (Edwards, 1908)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Common throughout Finland in all kinds of brushwood. The nymph feeds on willows of the Salix aurita group.


K.populi (Edwards, 1908)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Common in the boreal deciduous woodlands of southern and central Finland. The nymph feeds on aspen (Populus tremula).

K.sordidulus (Ossiannilsson, 19�1)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather common but localized throughout the country. It lives on shores and mire margins. The host plants of the nymph are Salix myrsinifolia and S.myrsinites.

K.abstrusus (Linnavuori, 19�9)European; U: DD5; H: o; G: 1; M: s

The species is widely spread in Central Euro-pe, mostly occurring in alluvial forest, but also in urban areas and often in two generations. In the Nordic countries it has only been recorded in one generation in urban parks from Sweden (Ossian-nilsson 1981) and in Finland from parks and gar-dens in the city of Turku in southwestern Finland. The nymph feeds on black poplar (Populus nigra) from which adults have been recorded in Finland and the local populations appears to be quite small, sometimes confined to a single tree.

Data: Ab: Turku 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Turku Ruissalo Botanical Garden 200� (leg. G.Söderman).

Kyboasca Zachvatkin, 1953Empoasca pro parte

K.bipunctata (Oshanin, 1871)Eurosiberian; U: DD5; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only recorded once in the city of Turku in south-western Finland where it was collected from small Ulmus x hollandica saplings (Linnavuori 1969b). Quite common in Central Europe where it lives in groves and parks and one of the few species that has not declined due to the widespread elm-dise-ase in Central Europe (Nickel 2003). The nymph feeds on elm (Ulmus) and seems to prefer young trees (Nickel 2003). The species was only recently recorded (in the wild) from the island of Gotland in Sweden (Gillerfors 2005). It is uncertain wheter the species is resident in Finland anymore as elms are generating quite slowly nowadays and saplings are scarce even in protected elm groves. The species may still live in the city of Turku even if it has not been recorded for more than 50 years and despite recent efforts to relocate its population.

Data: Ab: Turku 19�9 (leg. R.Linnavuori).

Chlorita Fieber, 1872Xerochlorita Zachvatkin, 1953 nomen nudum

C.viridula (Fallén, 1806)Siberian; U: DD1; H: o; G: 1-2; M: s,l

The species has only been found in some coastal places in Finland. It is said to live on dry meadows and ruderal fields and on the same plants as the fol-lowing species (Ossiannilsson 1978) and it seems to be widespread in Sweden (Gillerfors 2005). The si-tes in Finland represent wet shore meadows, so the nymph probably feeds on other plants than Achillea and Chrysanthemum mentioned by Ossiannilsson. In England it is known from coastal meadows and Artemisia maritima (LeQuesne & Paine 1981) and in Sweden it has recently been taken in number from A.absinthum (Gillerfors 2002). The host plant in Finland may be Artemisia vulgaris growing on coastal meadows.

Data: Oa: Laihia, Mustasaari, Ylistaro 1959 (leg. M.Raatikainen); St: Kokemäki 199� (leg. V.Rinne); Ka: Virolahti 2002 (leg. G.Söderman).

C.paolii Ossiannilsson, 1939Pontomediterranean; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common in the hemi- and southern boreal re-gions of Finland, but missing from Sweden (!). It lives on dry meadows and ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on Achillea millefolium and Artemisia campestris.

C.dumosa (Ribaut, 1933)Pontomediterranean; U: DD2; H: o; G: 2; M: s,y,m,p

In Finland the species has exclusively been re-corded from xerothermic sites with extensive thy-me-cushions. It is said to live on sandy fields and the host plant of the nymph is Thymus serpyllum (Linnavuori 1969b). Some of the Finnish sites rep-resent substitutional habitats with strong human influence, but the strongest populations have been found in esker areas with preserved xerothermic slope vegetation.

Data: Sa: Joutseno 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Luumäki Pajari 200� (leg. Söderman & Albrecht); N: Hanko Tvärminne 1979 (leg. A.Albrecht); St: Säkylänharju 200�-2005 (leg. Karjalainen & Salminen); Ta: Loppi Komio 2005 (leg. Karjalainen & Salminen); Ab: Vihti Nummela 2005 (leg. P.Ahlroth).

Fagocyba Dlabola, 1958Typhlocyba pro parteDryocyba Vilbaste, 1982 p.p. nomen nudum

Taxonomic comment: •The species cruenta has earlier gone under the name

F.douglasi, but already Linnavuori (1969a) doubted its


validity. The general opinion is nowadays, that the more colourful F.cruenta is only a summer form of the latter (Nickel & Remane 2002). Reddish color forms are com-mon also in the genera Eurhadina and Alebra (see Ossian-nilsson 1981). The theory is, that these forms develop in warmer and sunnier places than the paler individuals. No differences in the genital structures of the males have been found between the taxa F.douglasi and F.cruenta, and they may occur syntopically and in the same population. As the name cruenta is older than douglasi, the species name should be F.cruenta.

F.cruenta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)Typhlocyba douglasi Edwards, 1878

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yCommon in the southern and central parts of

Finland. Lives in groves, wet forests, alder stands along shores and in parks. The nymph feeds in Finland mostly on alder (Alnus), rarely on Prunus padus or Malus.

F.carri (Edwards, 191�)European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

The species has been recorded in deciduous fo-rest stands in (Ab) Ruissalo near Turku (Albrecht et al. 2003), where it was found to be quite common in 200�. The nymph feeds on common oak (Quercus robur).

Edwardsiana Zachvatkin, 1929Typhlocyba pro parte

Taxonomic comments: •Some hemipterologists (i.a. Ossiannilsson, Linnavuori)

have regarded the taxon staminata as a distinct species. It differs from avellanae only in the extra small appen-dices close to the apex of the aedagus. Most males, which have been identified to staminata, have in later investigations shown to be paratisized by pipunculid larvae (Nickel 2003). In paratisized specimens the genital structures often become deformed and staminata-like structures have been found in normal avellanae popula-tions in Germany (Nickel, l.c.). Parasitization normally manifests as reduction in male genital organs, but in staminata extra small appendices appear, which makes the interpretation of deformation by parasitization prob-lematic. Specimens reminding staminata has not been found in Finland, but I have seen a few in a large popula-tion of avellanae in Russia.

•Some authors regard the taxon ampliata as a synonym to frustrator. The male aedagus of E.ampliata is, however, quite different from that of E.frustrator in shape, and this character is stable in the southeastern European popula-tions I have seen.

•Linnavuori reported the species lanternae new to Finland in 1949 and that he collected it from elm (Linnavuori 1949a). Ossiannilsson (1981) however claimed that the specimens living on elm belong to another species, E.ishidai. He recalled, that the Finnish specimens col-lected by Linnavuori, which he identified from Raisio and Perniö belong to E.ishidai. As a consequence E.lanternae

was removed from the Finnish checklist (Huldén & Heikinheimo 1984). The taxon described as E.lanternae from Central Europe is however a distinct species, that occurs rare in northern Germany (Nickel 2003), England and Wales (Claridge & Wilson 1976) and lives on i.a. alder. Linnavuori later (1950) informed that he found specimens of E.lanternae also from Häme and Pirkanmaa, in places where no elm-trees grew. He collected these specimens preferably from birdcherry. I have myself found the species in light-traps located in lush forest stands of birdcherry and alder, but not with elm. The males of these specimens clearly have the aedagus shape similar to the species described by Wagner (1937). Thus, E.lanternae should be re-installed in the Finnish checklist.

•The taxon kemneri has been described only on the basis of one male from Swedish Jämtland. German resear-chers have later found parasitized males of the species tersa with aedagus structures reminiscent of kemneri. On the basis of this, kemneri is nowadays in many countries synonymized with tersa (Nickel 2003). Gillerfors (2005), however, argues that the synonymization is premature as new specimens matching the description of kemneri have been found in Sweden. Specimens belonging to kemneri have not been found in Finland. The specimens of tersa collected and reported by Raatikainen & Ylönen (1988) have in my revision shown to be paratised specimens of E.bergmani.

•The type specimen of E.hippocastani has in the revision by Wilson & Claridge (1999) proved to belong to the species E.lethierryi (Edwards, 1881). All specimens of E.hippocastani taken from elm in Finland belong to the newly described species E.ulmiphagus. On the other hand, most specimens taken from hazel, that I have seen, belong to the species E.plurispinosa.

E.rosae (Linnaeus, 1758)Transpalaearctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,m

Common from the hemi- to the middle boreal region in Finland. In addition, it has been found isolated in Kuusamo. It lives in gardens, but also along shores invaded by roses. The nymph feeds on roses (Rosa), but they have also been found on Sorbus aucuparia and Malus, from which often the morph f.manca Ribaut, 1936 develops.

E.avellanae (Edwards, 1888)? Typhlocyba staminata Ribaut, 1932

European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: sThe species has only been found once, for more

than a century ago in Finland. It lives in hazel thick-ets (Gillerfors 2002). The nymph is a monophage of Corylus avellana.

Data: St: Yläne 1869 (leg. J.Sahlberg).J.Sahlberg).

E.stehliki Lauterer, 1958European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s

It has been found once from a hazel thicket in southern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003). An older re-cord from the Helsinki-region (1927, leg.W.Siefke) is discarded, since the specimen is a female that cannot be determined to species. The nymph feeds


on Corylus avellana. Information of Viburnum as a host plant abroad (Nickel 2003), might refer to another species of the genus.

Data: Ab: Karjalohja Karkali 2003 (leg. G.Söderman).G.Söderman).

E.crataegi (Douglas, 1876)Empoasca australis Froggatt, 1918 nec Walsh, 1862

Eurosiberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lRare in the hemiboreal region of Finland, and

locally further north. It lives in gardens, parks and groves. The nymph feeds on trees of Rosaceae (Cra-taegus, Pyrus, Malus).

E.salicicola (Edwards, 1885)Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather rare in the southern and central inland parts of Finland. It lives in humid boreal deciduous forests and in willow thickets bordering lakes and mires. The nymph feeds on the underside of lea-ves of grey-leaved willows (Salix aurita, S.cinerea, S.viminalis, S.caprea).

E.alnicola (Edwards, 192�)European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Common in the southern and central parts of Finland, most abundant in alder-stands along the south coast and in wet forests inland. The nymph feeds on black alder (Alnus glutinosa).

E.sociabilis (Ossiannilsson, 1936)North-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l

Rather common north to central Finland, but clearly most abundant in the southwestern parts of the country. It lives on humid tall-grown meadows. The nymph feeds primarily on Filipendula ulmaria, but has adopted to live on roses (Rosa) in gardens and on seashores as well.

E.frustrator (Edwards, 1908)European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: l,y

Rather rare in the hemiboreal region in Finland, but also further north in grove enclaves in the cent-ral parts. It lives in lush groves and in parks. The nymph feeds on Acer platanoides, rarely on small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) in Finland.

Data: Ab: Parainen <1871 (leg.J.Sahlberg), Lohja 19�� (leg.H.Lindberg), Turku 1950 (leg.R.Linnavuori); N: Helsinki 19�6 (leg.H.Lindberg); Ab: Turku 199� (leg.V.Rinne); Al: Lemland Herrö 2002 (leg.G.Söderman); Ta: Lammi Pappilanniemi 2003 (leg.P.Malinen); Tb: Korpilahti Korospohja 2003 (leg.J.Murtosaari).

E.ampliata (W.Wagner, 19�8)East-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

The single Finnish specimen was taken on a small-grown Acer tataricum ssp.ginnala in a garden in Helsinki (Albrecht et al. 2003). As it was swept

from an ornamental plant, it is possible that the species has been introduced in Finland. The species is quite common in forest steppe areas in western Russia, where it preferably lives on Acer campestre and produces two generations per year.

Data: N: Helsinki Pakila 2003 (leg. G.Söderman).

E.ishidai (Matsumura, 1932)Tyhlocyba lanternae auct. nec W.Wagner, 1937

Eurosiberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: lVery rare in Finland and only caught from the sout-hwestern parts. It lives in broad-leaved deciduous groves and in parks. The nymph and adult feed on Ulmus glabra.

Data: Ab: Raisio, Perniö 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Lohja 1969 (leg. H.Krogerus).

E.lanternae (W.Wagner, 1937)European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Rather rare and localized in southern Finland, living in boreal deciduous forests. The nymph lives on black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in England (Le-Quesne & Payne 1981) and possibly on birdcherry (Prunus padus).

Data: Ta: Lammi Untulanmäki 19�9 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Tuulos 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Tb: Jyväskylä 19�9 (leg. R.Linnavuori); N: Espoo Nuuksio 2003 (leg. K-E.Lundsten); Sa: Joutseno Kähärilä 2003 (leg. K-E.Lundsten); Ta: Asikkala Vesivehmaa 2003 (leg. O.Blomster); Kb: Tohmajärvi kirkonkylä 2003 (leg. Nieminen & Sundell).

E.prunicola (Edwards, 192�)Typhlocyba barbata Ribaut, 1931Typhlocyba prunicola ssp.barbata Ribaut, 1931 in Linnavuori

1969b

European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 2; M: s,lCommon in the interior boreal deciduous small-

leaved forests in southern and central Finland. The nymph feeds on Prunus padus and willows of the Salix aurita-group. Most Finnish males belong to the form barbata. The nominal form has been col-lected only in a few specimens from southwestern Finland.

E.menzbieri Zachvatkin, 19�8Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m

Very common in Finland nowadays. It was re-corded new to the country quite late, in the end of the 1960´s, but it has possibly been overlooked before. It lives along forest margins and lakeshores and is quite abundant in alder stands. The nymph lives both on Salix caprea and grey alder (Alnus in-cana).

�0 The Finnish Environment 7 | 2007

E.plebeja (Edwards, 191�)West-Palaearctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Very rare in southern Finland, where it preferably lives in parks. It has been found in (Ab) Lohja (leg. H.Lindberg, 1923) and Turku (leg. R.Linnavuori, 1950). The nymph feeds on Ulmus glabra.

E.candidula (Kirschbaum, 1868)European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only collected twice, from parks, in Finland. The nymph is a monophage of silver poplar (Populus alba).

Data: N: Helsinki Botanical Garden 1970 (leg. G.Söderman); Al: Jomala 1975 (leg. A.Albrecht).

E.gratiosa (Boheman, 1852)European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Insofar only recorded twice from black alders (Alnus glutinosa) in southeastern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003).

Data: Ka: Vehkalahti 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht); N: Pyhtää Hir-vivuolle 2003 (leg. G.Söderman).

E.geometrica (Schrank, 1801)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Very common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. It lives in humid boreal deciduous forests and along shores. The nymph feeds on al-ders (Alnus glutinosa and A.incana).

E.soror (Linnavuori, 1950)Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y

Common inland in humid deciduous boreal forests north to the northern boreal region. The nymph feeds at least on grey alder (Alnus incana), possibly also on Prunus padus.

E.tersa (Edwards, 191�)? Typhlocyba kemneri Ossiannilsson, 19�2

Siberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: mThe species is rather widely distributed in Eu-

rope, but has insofar only been recorded from the northern parts of Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003). It lives in alluvial brush. The nymph feeds in Finland on Salix lapponum. Further west and south in Euro-pe it also lives on S.viminalis, S.aurita and S.incana (Ossiannilsson 1981, Nickel 2003).

Data: ObN: Ylitornio Aavasaksa 1995 (leg. T.Lammes); Ks: Kuusamo Oulanka 2002 (leg. Leinonen & Söderman).

E.bergmani (Tullgren, 1916)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout Finland in all kinds of birch-stands north to the mountain birch forests. The nymph feeds on birches (Betula). Information

regarding alder and rowan as host plants cannot be confirmed from Finland.

E.lethierryi (Edwards, 1881)Typhlocyba hippocastani Edwards, 1888

European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: sOnly recently swept from broad-leaved trees

and hazel from the Alandian mainland (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymph lives on various broad-leaved trees.

Data: Al:Lemland Apalholm 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahl-roth).

E.ulmiphagus Claridge & Wilson, 1999Typhlocyba hippocastani auct. nec Edwards, 1888 p.p.

European; U: DD1; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lRare in parks and elm-groves in southern Fin-

land. The nymph lives on Ulmus glabra.

E.plurispinosa (W.Wagner, 1935)Typhlocyba hippocastani auct. nec Edwards, 1888 p.p.

European; U: DD1; H: o; G: 1; M: sThis species was found in the revision of the

Finnish material of E.hippocastani. Insofar, there are only a few known sites of this monophagous species from hazel (Corylus avellana) thickets in Fin-land (Albrecht et al. 2006).

Data: N: Helsinki Botanical Garden 1975 (leg. A.Albrecht);A.Albrecht); Ab: Nauvo Bergham 1991 (leg. V.Rinne); Al: Lemland ApalhomV.Rinne); Al: Lemland Apalhom 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht), 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahlroth), Lem-land Flaka 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht).

Eupterycyba Dlabola, 1958Typhlocyba pro parte

E.jucunda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1837)European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y

Only collected twice from alder thickets in sout-hwestern Finland (see Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph lives monophagously on black alder (Alnus glutinosa).

Data: Ab: Mietoinen Saari 2002 (leg. M.Salminen); St: PoriM.Salminen); St: Pori Yyteri 2005 (leg. G.Söderman).

Linnavuoriana Dlabola, 1958

Taxonomic comment: •Lauterer & Novotný (1991) regard the subspecies descri-

bed by Linnavuori as a distinct species, because the sha-pe of the male aedagus, differering from L.decempunctata, is constant. I have in my own research come to the same conclusion. Anyway, it cannot be a subspecies because it lives sympatrically with the preceding species in sout-hern Finland. There are also differences in the coloring of the hind tibia between the species.

�1The Finnish Environment 7 | 2007

L.sexmaculata (Hardy, 1850)Cicada sexpunctata Fallén, 1826 (primary homonym)

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pVery common throughout Finland. It lives in on

various brushwoods along shores, lake and river meadows and forest margins. The nymph feeds on willows (Salix), mostly on S.caprea. Adults migrate to spruce for hibernation.

L.decempunctata (Fallén, 1806)Siberian; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common, but more rare than the preceding species, throughout Finland in boreal deciduous woods and along lakeshores. The nymph feeds on birches (Betula). Adults migrate to spruce for hibernation.

L.intercedens (Linnavuori, 19�9)Typhlocyba decemguttata ssp.intercedens Linnavuori, 19�9

North-European; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,mRather common in the southern and central

parts of Finland, where it occurs in alder stands, preferably along lakeshores and mire fringes. The nymph feeds preferably on black alder (Alnus glutinosa), but there are also observations from A.incana (Linnavuori 19�9).

Ribautiana Zachvatkin, 19�7Typhlocyba pro parte

R.ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l

Rather common in broad-leaved deciduous woods and parks in the hemi- and southern boreal regions of Finland. The nymph commonly feeds on Ulmus glabra, but the species has also been recor-ded from sites where this host plant is missing. In these sites the alternative host plants may be grey alder (Alnus incana) and small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata).

Typhlocyba Germar, 1833

T.quercus (Fabricius, 1777)West-Palaearctic; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Recorded quite recently from Finland, and has been shown to be widely spread in southern and central Finland by the use of light-traps (Albrecht et al. 2003, Söderman 200�). It lives in lush groves and alder thickets. The nymph feeds in Finland on black and grey alder (Alnus glutinosa, A.incana), more seldom on common oak (Quercus robur). Ot-her broad-leaved deciduous trees are mentioned from abroad (Nickel 2003).

Zonocyba Vilbaste, 1982Typhlocyba pro parte

Z.bifasciata (Boheman, 1851)European; U: VU; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Was previously known only from parks in sout-hern Finland (Albrecht 1977), but was recently also found to live in a natural elm-grove (Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph feeds on Ulmus glabra and Ulmus x hollandica in Finland, abroad also on other broad-leaved deciduous trees (Nickel 2003). It has not been repeatedly recorded from all known sites, but as it lives in the canopy layer, monitoring of its populations is rather difficult.

Eurhadina Haupt, 1929

E.pulchella (Fallén, 1806)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the middle and northern bo-real boundary in Finland. It lives in boreal deci-duous forests and in alder-stands on shores. The nymph feeds mostly on grey alder (Alnus incana) in Finland, seldom on common oak (Quercus robur).

E.concinna (Germar, 1831)European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather common in groves of the hemi- and sout-hern boreal regions of Finland. The nymph feeds on common oak (Quercus robur), abroad also on elm, maple, alder and birches (Ossiannilsson 1978, Nickel 2003).

E.ribauti W.Wagner, 1935European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only recorded three times from common oak (Quercus robur) in southwestern Finland. Abroad it lives on Tilia and Alnus as well.

Data: N: Helsinki Botanical Garden 19�6 (leg. H.Lindberg), Tammisaari Gullö 1976 (leg. G.Söderman); Al: Finström Bastö 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahlroth).

E.kirschbaumi W.Wagner, 1937European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rare and only found in a few young oak-stands in southern Finland. The nymph lives monopha-gously on Quercus robur.

Data: Ab: Raisio, Turku 19�6 (leg. R.Linnavuori), Pohja 1976 (leg. A.Albrecht); N: Noux National Park 2002 (leg. LundstenA.Albrecht); N: Noux National Park 2002 (leg. LundstenLundsten & Söderman), Pernaja Tervik 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht); Ta: Häme-enlinna Aulanko 2003 (leg. Malinen & Söderman).


Eupteryx Curtis, 1833

E.atropunctata (Goetze, 1778)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m

Rather rare in the hemi- and southern boreal re-gions of Finland. It lives in ornamental gardens, on wooded meadows and ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on Satureja, Mentha, Melissa, Origanum and other spicy herbs of Lamiaceae.

E.origani Zachvatkin, 19�8European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1-2; M: l,m

Huldén (1977) reported the species new to Fin-land based on two old males identified by LeQues-ne. Both are probably from ornamental gardens. In wild the species is also associated with dry grass fields and there are only a few recent findings. The nymph is said to be a monophage of Origanum vul-gare (Nickel 2003), but in Finland it also lives on Veronica and Satureja acinos.

Data: N: Helsinki 1895 (leg. A.Luther); Oa: Petalax 19�0 (leg. H.Lindberg); Ta: Jokioinen Nummela 1993 (leg. A.Vasarainen); Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2003 (leg. Sundell & Söderman), Jout-seno Anola 200� (leg. Saarinen & Söderman), Joutseno Korven-kylä 2005 (leg. A.Valtonen); Kb: Tohmajärvi Jalajavaara 2005 (leg. G.Söderman).

E.signatipennis (Boheman, 18�7)North-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather common in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives on humid tall-grown meadows and in lush groves. The nymph feeds on Filipendula ulmaria.

E.urticae (Fabricius, 1803)European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 2; M: s

Insofar, only recorded a few times in southern Finland from rich meadows. The nymph feeds on stinging nettle Urtica dioica.

Data: N: Ruotsinpyhtää 1970 (leg. G.Söderman); Sa:G.Söderman); Sa: Ristiina 1972 (leg. M.A.Koponen); Ab: Raisio 1975 (leg. I.Dworakowska).

E.cyclops Matsumura, 1906Eupteryx urticae auct. nec Fabricius, 1803

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,mVery common north to the northern boreal regi-

on in Finland. It lives on nitriphilous meadows, in pastures and alder-stands of lakeshores with dense nettle growth. The nymph feeds on Urtica dioica.

E.calcarata Ossiannilsson, 1936West-Palaearctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in southwestern Finland and rare elsewhere in the southern parts of the country. It lives preferably on alder-wooded meadows. The nymph feeds on Urtica dioica.

E.collina (Flor, 1861)Eupteryx alticola Ribaut, 1936Eupteryx melissae Curtis, 1836 in Lindberg 1935

European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1-2; M: sOnly recorded twice from the southeastern part

of Finland where it has been found from sun-expo-sed xerothermic slopes. In other parts of Europe it lives in lush groves and on mesic and dry meadows, but some records might be confused with the spe-cies E.florida Ribaut, 1952. The nymph is said to feed on Mentha and Satureja (Ossiannilsson 1981) and I have recorded it from Satureja acinos.

Data: Kl: Parikkala 1866 (leg. J.Sahlberg); Sa: Luumäki 200�-05 (leg. Söderman & Albrecht).

E.stachydearum (Hardy, 1850)European; U: -; H: o; G: 2; M: s

Only recently found from herb-rich shores in conservation areas on mainland Alandia (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymphs and adult live on a variety of plants belonging to Lamiaceae (Nickel 2003).

Data: Al: Finström Husö 2005 (leg. M.�stman); Lemland Nåtö 2005 (leg. Söderman & Ahlroth).

E.vittata (Linnaeus, 1758)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1-2; M: y,m

The species has strongly declined within its distribution area in southern and central Finland. It preferably lives on pastures and in gardens. The nymph feeds on Glechoma hederacea and Prunella vulgaris.

E.notata Curtis, 1837Pontomediterranean; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common in Finland at least to the northern bo-real region on dry meadows, pastures, esker slopes and ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on Pilosella officinarum.

E.tenella (Fallén, 1806)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m,p

Rather common inland in Finland in the sout-hern and central parts. It lives on pastures, dry meadows and in old gardens. The nymph feeds on Achillea millefolium.

Wagneripteryx Dlabola, 1958

W.germari (Zetterstedt, 1838)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the northern boreal region in dry pine forests, on pine-wooded hills and om-brotrophic bogs. The nymph feeds on Pinus sylvest-ris and is the only known species to feed through


the stomata of the needles (Günthart & Günthart 1981).

Aguriahana Distant, 1918

A.(Asymmetropterix) pictilis (Stål, 1853)Asymmetropterix pictilis (Stål, 1853) in Linnavuori 1969b

Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yRather rare in Finland and more common in the

middle and northern boreal regions. It lives in fresh moss-covered coniferous woods. Nickel (l.c.) sug-gests small-grown birches as host plants, because all other members of the tribe feed on trees. The nymph, however, feeds on Vaccinium myrtillus.

A.(Eupteroidea) stellulata (Burmeister, 18�1)Eupteroidea stellulata (Burmeister, 18�1) in Linnavuori

1969b

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yRather common in the hemi- and southern bo-

real regions of Finland. It lives in groves and in parks. The nymph lives monophagously on small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata). Adults have been swept from a number of leaf-trees.

Alnetoidia Dlabola, 1958Erythroneura pro parte

Taxonomic comment: •Pale specimens that form populations on hazel and apple

trees have in earlier periods been considered different subspecies (Linnavuori 1969a). They, however, live synto-pically with the nominal form in Finland, and no differen-ces in the male genitalia between such populations have been found.

A.alneti (Dahlbom, 1850)Erythroneura alneti ssp.coryli (Tollin, 1851)Erythroneura alneti ssp.mali (Edwards, 1915)

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yVery common north to the northern boreal re-

gion in Finland. Lives in boreal deciduous forests, groves, alder stands on shores and in parks. The nymph feeds on alder, lime, hazel, elm and apple trees.

Zyginidia Haupt, 1929Erythroneura pro parte

Z.pullula (Boheman, 18�5)Typhlocyba scutellaris in J.Sahlberg 1871 nec Herrich-Schäf-

fer, 1838

West-Palaearctic; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only found on the Alandian mainland in Finland. Lives on wooded and dry meadows. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

Data: Al: Eckerö, Finström 19�3 (leg. H.Lindberg).

Zygina Fieber, 1866Eryhtroneura pro parteFlammigeroidia Dlabola 1858

Taxonomic comments: •The taxon ordinaria is quite critical, because it belongs to

a sister species complex. The taxon Z.salicina Mityaev, 1975, living on narrow-leaved willows (Salix rosmarinifolia and S.repens), has not yet been recorded from Finland, but may occur in some older museum collections, which are in need of revision. The two species are difficult to distinguish. Z.salicina is usually the smaller of the two.

•The status of the taxon suavis is also quite critical, because there are records from common oak and small-leaved lime from Central Europe (Remane 1994). These may, in fact, belong to previously described but synonymized taxa, so changes in the names suavis, rham-nicola and inconstans (Ribaut, 1936) may still take place. A problem is also the species Z.schneideri (Günther, 1974), that has been found and rared in Scandinavia from apple, rowan, birdcherry and elm (Ossiannilsson 1981). I have swept specimens from elm, but they all belong to suavis. There is a need to revise old museum material, but the discrimination of taxa is problematic, because many Zygina species can be reliably separated only by studying the apodemes of males.

Z.(Zygina) flammigera (Fourcroy, 1785)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in the hemi- and southern bo-real regions of Finland. It lives in boreal deciduous forests, parks and gardens and on lakeshores. The nymph feeds on woody species of the family Ro-saceae, particularly on Prunus padus.

Z.(Zygina) angusta Lethierry, 187�Eurosiberian; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s,m

Only recorded from southwestern Finland (Al-brecht et al. 2003). The nymph is said to feed on Ulmus glabra and Crataegus abroad, but neither of these host plants grow on the Finnish collecting sites (Rinne l.c.). The species probably live on rose (Rosa) in Finland.

Data: Ab: Rymättylä 1997 (leg. V.Rinne), Nauvo Seili 2005 (leg.T.Rinta).

Z.(Zygina) rosea (Flor, 1861)North-European; U: DD1; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather rare in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives in boreal small-leaved deciduous forests. The nymph feeds on birch (Betula pubes-cens).

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Z.(Zygina) tiliae (Fallén, 1806)European; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Common in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives on shore meadows and in boreal deciduous and wet forests. The nymph feeds on alders (Alnus). Information from abroad regarding other broad-leaved trees (Ulmus, Corylus, Tilia) may refer to other species.

Z.(Zygina) ordinaria (Ribaut, 1936)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the central parts of Finland, where it has been found on both shore meadows and on dry sandy sites. The nymph is polypha-gous, but often encountered on Fragaria, Rubus or Salix.

Z.(Zygina) nigritarsis Remane, 1959Zygina tiliae f.peruncta Ribaut auct.partim

European; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mCommon in Finland north at least to the central

parts and living in boreal deciduous forests and gardens. The nymph feeds on Ribes alpinum in the south and on cultivated currants (Ribes cult.) more in the north (Albrecht et al. 2003).

Z.(Zygina) rosincola (Cerutti, 1939)European; U: DD1; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rare and mostly occurs in gardens in southern Finland. The nymph feeds on roses (Rosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus).

Z.(Zygina) suavis (Rey, 1891)Zygina rhamnicola Horvath, 1903

Eurosiberian; U: DD1; H: a; G: 1; M: s,lRather rare in the southwestern parts and very

rare in other parts of southern Finland. It lives in lush groves. The nymph feeds on Frangula alnus.

Z.(Zygina) rubrovittata (Lethierry, 1869)Typhlocyba ericetorum J.Sahlberg, 1871

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pCommon in southern Finland north to the mid-

dle boreal region. It lives on heathlands and strings of ombrotrophic bogs. The nymph feeds on heather (Calluna vulgaris).

Z.(Hypericiella) hyperici (Herrich-Schäffer, 1836)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rare in Finland and most common on the south exposed slopes of the Salpausselkä ridges and rock outcrops. The nymph lives monophagously on Hy-pericum perforatum.

Arboridia Zachvatkin, 19�6Eryhtroneura pro parte

A.parvula (Boheman, 18�5)Transpalaearctic; U: DD3; H: a; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m,p

Rather common in the southern and central parts of mainland Finland. Both sexes hibernate as adults on the basal parts of Filipendula ulmaria growing on dry, sandy meadows. In spring, after mating, females migrate to nearby bogs where they oviposit on Rubus chamaemorus. Nymphs feed on cloudberry only and the new adult generation mi-grates back to their drier hibernation sites.

Subfamily Deltocephalinae

Grypotes Fieber, 1866

G.puncticollis (Herrich-Schäffer, 183�)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Not uncommon in southern and central Finland in pine stands on rocky hills, eskers and in dry pine forests. The nymph and adult feed on Pinus sylvestris, preferably in the canopy layer.

Circulifer Zachvatkin, 1935

Taxonomic comment: •This taxon has previously been placed in the genus

Neoaliturus Distant, but according to Young & Frasier (1954) Circulifer is clearly a separate genus. The taxon has also gone under the name C.opacipennis (Lethierry, 1876) in Europe, but this is a Nearctic species. Eme-lyanov (1964) placed the taxon in the genus Neoaliturus under the subgenus Circulifer and with the valid species name.

C.haematoceps (Mulsant & Rey, 1855)West-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

The species is widely distributed in the Mediter-ranean region and occurs disperse further north, as far as in Poland, on xerothermic sites. I found this species in a routine genital check in a material collected from (Om) Lohtaja in year 2001, where I had swept a few specimens from Hockenya peploides on the coastal sand-shore (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymph is a polyphage, and has been found most-ly from succulent and sclerophyllic plants such as Atriplex, Cistus, Rosmarinus, Marrubium, Salicornia, Portulaca, Thymus, Beta and Sedum (Nickel & Re-mane 2002, Nickel 2003). Little is, however, known about the biology of the species, although it is a notorious citrus-fruit virus transmitter. Due to the extraordinary distance of the Finnish site from the


core area of the species, I consider the Finnish spe-cimens to be long-range migrants.

Coryphaelus Puton, 1866

C.gyllenhalii (Fallén, 1826)Pontomediterranean; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rare along the south coast of Finland and ve-ry localized along river estuaries of the Bothnian coast. Moreover, it is locally found inland in the southern parts. It lives in shallow bays with rich vegetation. The nymph feeds, far out in the water, on Bolboschoenus maritimus and Schoenoplectus la-custris. Linnavuori (1969b) also mentions Hippuris vulgaris, which probably is a food plant.

Balclutha Kirkaldy, 1900

Taxonomic comments: •Webb & Vilbaste (1994) have synonymized the taxon

B.arhenana with B.punctata, because one paratype at the Natural History Museum of England has proved to belong to this species. The holotype, being the basis for Dlabola´s description has not been seen by most taxonomists. The Finnish specimens share many charac-teristics with the taxon B.rhenana, but clearly differ from it regarding coloration and phenology. The shape of the aedagus, with a clear constriction in the basal third section matches the description given by Dlabola, which confirmes that the holotype belongs to another species than B.punctata.

•The taxon boica has in times (Ossiannilsson 1983) been called B.lineolata (Hv.), the type specimen of which has shown to belong to B.punctata. Thus the younger name of Wagner is valid.

B.punctata (Fabricius, 1775)Balclutha lineolata (Horvath, 190�)

Holarctic; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pVery common and distributed north to the nort-

hern boreal region in Finland. It lives on all kinds of rather dry meadows and along road verges. The nymph has been found on Calamagrostis arundina-cea, C.epigejos, C.stricta and C.canescens in Finland.

B.rhenana W.Wagner, 1939Eurosiberian; U: DD3; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Rather common north to the middle boreal re-gion in Finland. It lives on mesic and wet seaside, lakeshore and river meadows. The nymph is mo-nophagous on Phalaris arundinacea in Finland.

B.arhenana Dlabola, 1967Transpalearctic ?; U: -; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l

Dlabola described the species from Upper-Mon-golia. In Finland the taxon is not uncommon in light-trap samples from moderately dry sites in the

southern and central parts (Albrecht et al. 2003). The taxon has also been found in number from light-traps in nearby Russian areas (Söderman & Goltsova 2005). The flight peak of the adults is around midsummer (much later than the other adult-hibernating species), which might indicate hibernation in the nymphal stage. The host plant of the nymphs has not yet been confirmed, but it might be Elymus repens based on the vegetation of the capturing sites. The species have been cap-tured in large numbers from several sites, nort-hernmost in (Ok) Kajaani, and is probably quite wide-spread.

B.calamagrostis Ossiannilsson, 1961North-European; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Rather rare on dry meadows and fields in sout-hern Finland. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis epigejos.

Balclutha boica W.Wagner, 1950North-European; U: -; H: a; G: 1; M: s,l,m,y

Occurs localized on misty river- and coastal slo-pes, most abundantly in the Oulujoki and Ounas-joki river valleys (Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph lives on Calamagrostis stricta in Finland.

Macrosteles Fieber, 1866

Taxonomic comments:•The taxon fascifrons, previously reported from Finland,

has by some cicadologists been regarded dubious. Vilbaste (1980) concluded that it is a junior synonym to M.alpinus. This has recently been confirmed in taxono-mic research by Kwon (M.Wilson l.c.).

•The taxon.nubilus is by many cicadologist only regarded as a rare intraspecific form of M.horvathi. In my opini-on, the taxa are however clearly distinct and occupy different habitats, M.horvathi seashores and lake shores, M.nubilus minerotrophic seepages.

M.septemnotatus (Fallén, 1806)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common in Finland north to the northern bo-real region. Lives abundantly on mesic and wet meadows, where the host plant of the nymph, Fi-lipendula ulmaria, grows.

M.oshanini Razvyakina, 1957Eastern European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: m

Only recorded quite recently in a Malaise trap from the southwestern archipelago (Albrecht et al. 2006). The species is said to live in rich fens (Vilbaste 1971) and in shady broad-leaved forests (Ossiannilsson 1983). The host plant is not known, but sedge (Carex) has been prosed (Nickel 2003).

Data: Nauvo Seili 2005 (leg. T.Ranta).


M.variatus (Fallén, 1806)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Distributed throughout Finland in boreal deci-duous forests and wet alder stands. The nymph feeds on Vaccinium myrtillus and Urtica dioica.

M.sexnotatus (Fallén, 1806)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. It lives on all kind of wet sites (some-times straying into crop fields). The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex), woodrushes (Luzula) and grasses (Poaceae), but it prefers rushes (Juncus articulatus, J.filiformis).

M.ossiannilssoni H.Lindberg, 1953North-European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rare and localized in southern and central Fin-land. It lives in wet depressions of oligotrophic mi-res and on fringes of oligotrophic lakes. The nymph feeds monophagously on Rhyncospora alba.

M.alpinus (Zetterstedt, 1828)Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål, 1858)Macrosteles fasciifrons ssp.lindbergi Dlabola, 1963

Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lRather common in the northern parts, becoming

rare towards south in Finland. It lives preferably on quaking mires. Menyanthes trifoliata has been suggested as the host plant (Linnavuori 1952a), but it is more likely that it lives on monocot species. I have found the species in the southern parts of Fin-land in paludified depressions of sand pits, where nymphs fed on Juncus filiformis.

M.cristatus (Ribaut, 1927)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Common north to the northern boreal region in Finland. It lives on mesic and wet meadows and often in crop-fields. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

M.laevis (Ribaut, 1927)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m

Very common throughout the country. Lives on dry meadows and fields, where it may locally be very abundant, and in crop-fields. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

M.fieberi (Edwards, 1889)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,p

Rather rare in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives in mires and on paludified lakesho-res. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex), rushes (Juncus), woodrushes (Scirpus) and cottongrasses (Eriophorum).

M.lividus (Edwards, 189�)Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rare and lives on coastal meadows north to Central Ostrobothnia. The nymph feeds on Eleocha-ris uniglumis in Finland.

M.viridigriseus (Edwards, 192�)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rather common and abundant, especially along the Baltic coastal meadows north to Central Ostro-bothnia. It is rare on paludified lakeshores inland. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex) and rushes (Juncus).

M.quadripunctulatus (Kirschbaum, 1868)Transpalaearctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rare throughout the boreal region of Finland. It seems to prefer nutrient-rich fringes of mires as habitats. The host plant of the nymph is still not known, but it is likely to be a monocot.

M.sordidipennis (Stål, 1858)Cicadula sexnotata ssp.salina Reuter, 1886

Holarctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: sA rare southwestern halobiont in Finland that

only lives on meadows along the Baltic coast. The nymph feeds on Juncus gerardi in Finland.

M.empetri (Ossiannilsson, 1935)Limotettix sexnotata in J.Sahlberg 1871 nec Fallén, 1806

North-Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,pVery rare in Finland, with strongholds in the

northern parts. It lives on heaths, ombrotrophic mires and in dry coniferous forests. It has been taken mostly from Empetrum nigrum, which not necessarily is its host plant. The nymph may live on monocots.

M.frontalis (Scott, 1875)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m

Rare and localized from the hemiboreal to the northern boreal region in Finland. It lives on palu-dified lakeshore meadows. The nymph feeds on Equisetum palustre.

M.horvathi (W.Wagner, 1935)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Rare along the Finnish coast north to Central Ostrobothnia. It lives on coastal meadows. The nymph feeds on Juncus gerardi, in Central Europe also on J.lamprocarpus (Nickel 2003)

M.nubilus (Ossiannilsson, 1936)Macrosteles horvathi f.nubila Ossiannilsson, 1936Cicadula mannerheimi Kontkanen, 1937

Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y


More common than the preceding species in Fin-land, but highly localized north to the northern boreal region. Lives preferably in minerotrophic mires and is rarely met on paludified lakeshores. The nymph feeds on Carex vesicaria.

Erotettix Haupt, 1929Macrosteles pro parte

E.cyane (Boheman, 18�5)Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rare in Finland, and was thought extinct before it was abundantly captured at light at many sites (Albrecht et al. 2003, Söderman 200�). Lives in small eutrophic lakes where the nymph feeds on heli-ophilous water plants like waterlilies (Nymphaea and Nuphar) and Potamogeton natans.

Sonronius Dorst, 1937

S.dahlbomi (Zetterstedt, 1838)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in the southern parts, more rare in the northern ones, but distributed north to the forest line in Finland. Adults live on rather dry and mesic meadows and have often been swept from fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium). The nymph has only been found on Filipendula ulmaria.

S.binotatus (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the northern boreal region in Finland. Adults live on dry meadows, often on small-reeds (Calamagrostis). The nymph has been found on Epilobium angustifolium.

S.anderi (Ossiannilsson, 19�8)North-European; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

There is only one, rather old, specimen known from Finland, which is the second known specimen of this species. The locus classicus of the species is from Kinnekulle, Västergötaland in Sweden, but it has not been recorded since despite efforts to do so (G.Gillerfors, l.c.). The biology of the taxon is completely unknown.

Data: Ab: Rymättylä 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori).

Sagatus Ribaut, 19�8

S.punctifrons (Fallén, 1826)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. It is most abundant on shore-meadows and

in fringes of mires. The nymph feeds on narrow-leaved willows, abundantly on Salix phylicifolia and S.myrsinifolia, more rarely on S.repens or tree-sized willows (S.fragilis, S.triandra, S.viminalis).

Deltocephalus Burmeister, 1838

D.pulicaris (Fallén, 1806)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m,p

Common north to the northern boreal region in Finland. It lives on short-grown meadows and in lawns. The nymph feeds on grasses, especially on Poa pratensis and P.annua.

Endria Oman, 19�9

E.nebulosa (Ball, 1900)Holarctic; U: NT; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,m,p

Insofar, only recorded from a few sites in sout-hern Finland. Most authors state it to live on san-dy fields (see eg.Albrecht 1977) where adults have been found to live hideously in tufts of Calamagros-tis epigejos. I have recently identified a large num-ber of adults and nymphs from interception traps placed in riparian buffer zones in southwestern Finland where Calamagrostis canescens grow.

Data: N: Tuusula, Vantaa 197� (leg. A.Albrecht), Hanko Tvärminne and Täktom 1976 (leg. A.Albrecht); Ta: Loppi 200�-2005 (leg. Karjalainen & Salminen); Ab: Nauvo Seili 2005 (leg. T.Ranta), Aura, Lieto, Pöytyä, Tarvasjoki 2005 (leg. T.Kanerva); Kb: Tohmajärvi Jalajavaara 2005 (leg.G.Söderman).

Doratura J.Sahlberg, 1871

D.(Doratura) stylata (Boheman, 18�7)Transpalaearctic; U: LC: H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Very common north to the southern limit of the northern boreal region of Finland. It lives on dry meadows and ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on grasses, like Agrostis capillaris, Nardus stricta and Festuca rubra.

D.(Doraturina) homophyla (Flor, 1861)Transpalaearctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rare and localized to sandy fields with strong-holds along the Salpausselkä ridges in Finland. The nymph feeds on grasses, especially Festuca ovina.

Platymetopius Burmeister, 1838

Taxonomic comment: •Many authors, i.a. Emelyanov (1964) regard the taxon

henribauti as a distinct species, which differs from unda-tus only by the larger falcate process of the pygophore


appendix. The pygophore appendix depicted by Ossian-nilsson (1983) matches that of henribauti. I have with my collegue A.Albrecht revised all Finnish male specimens and we have confirmed that they all belong to undatus s.str.

P.undatus (DeGeer, 1773)? Platymetopius henribauti Dlabola, 1961

Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,yRather rare nowadays in Finland, where it lives

on dry meadows and pastures in the southern and central parts. In Central Europe and in Britain the species has declined close to extinction for reasons unknown (Nickel 2003, Wilson pers.comm.). The host plant of the nymph is not defined, but nymphs live in the field layers. From abroad only Heliant-hemum is mentioned (Schiemenz et al.1996), which is not an option in Finland. Adults ascend brush-wood and leaf-trees for feeding and mating, from where adults mostly are collected.

Idiodonus Ball, 1936

I.cruentatus (Panzer, 1799)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. It lives in boreal deciduous and wet forests. The nymph lives in the field layer, quite likely on grasses (Poaceae). Adults ascend scrubs, brush-wood and leaf-trees for feeding and mating.

Colladonus Ball, 1936

C.torneellus (Zetterstedt, 1828)Holarctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Rather common throughout the interior of Fin-land on wet scrubland and in fringes of mires. The nymph lives in the field layer on herbaceous plants. Adults ascend scrubs (Myrica, Betula nana, Salix) and brushwood.

Allygus Fieber, 1872

A.mixtus (Fabricius, 179�)European; U: LC; H: o + a (fem.); G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common in the hemi- and southern boreal re-gions of Finland. It lives in humid boreal deciduo-us forests. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae), most abundantly on Calamagrostis arundinacea. Adults ascend brushwood and leaf-trees for fee-ding and mating. The female returns to the ground in autumn for oviposition. Late females may hiber-nate as adults in cracks of tree-stems.

Allygidius Ribaut, 19�8

A.commutatus (Fieber, 1872)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pRather common in boreal deciduous forests of southern and central Finland. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae). Adults ascend leaf-trees and brushwood like the preceding species.

Graphocraerus Thomson, 1869

G.ventralis (Fallén, 1806)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in the hemi- and southern bo-real regions of Finland. Lives on dry meadows, where the nymph feeds on grasses, in Finland al-most exclusively on Anthoxanthum odoratum.

Hardya Edwards, 1922

H.tenuis (Germar, 1821)Thamnotettix fulvopicta J.Sahlberg, 1871

European; U: LC; H: a; G: 1; M: sVery rare in Finland, possibly due to its hideous

life-style and –cycle. Lives in dry lichen-rich pine forests, where the nymph feeds on Deschampsia fle-xuosa. Adults are found very late in autumn and after hibernation.

Rhopalopyx Ribaut, 1939Paluda pro parte

R.preyssleri (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,m,p

Rather common north to the middle boreal regi-on of Finland. It lives preferably on dry grasslands, but also in riparian buffer zones. The nymph feeds on Elymus repens and Poa pratensis.

R.adumbrata (C.Sahlberg, 18�2)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather rare in southwestern Finland and on mo-re mesic and humid meadows than the preceding species. The nymph feeds on Festuca rubra and De-schampsia caespitosa.

R.vitripennis (Flor, 1861)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather rare in the hemi- and southern boreal regions of Finland. It lives on dry pastures and xerothermic fields. The nymph feeds on Festuca ovina, F.rubra, Calamagrostis epigejos and species of Agrostis.


Paluda De Long, 1937

P.flaveola (Boheman, 18�5)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common north to the middle boreal region in Finland. It lives on mesic and wet meadows and pastures. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis, Pha-laris, Deschampsia and Molinia.

Elymana De Long, 1936

E.sulphurella (Zetterstedt, 1828)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common north to the northern boreal regi-on in Finland, living on pastures, mesic meadows and in riparian buffer zones. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

E.kozhevnikovi (Zachvatkin, 1938)Elymana ikumae auct. nec Matsumura, 1911

Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lRather rare in the southern and central parts

of the Finnish mainland. It lives in fringes of mi-res, wet and lush groves and on shore and river meadows. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis ca-nescens and Festuca pratensis in Finland.

Cicadula Zetterstedt, 1838

Taxonomic comments: •Ossiannilsson (1983) used the name longiventris for the

species rubroflava, but J.Sahlberg described this species based on a female. Until females can reliably be separa-ted it is best to use Linnavuori´s name for the species.

•Huldén & Albrecht (1984) reported a new Cicadula species from Inari Lapland, with a promise of a later description. To my knowledge the specimen is lost (!) and cannot be revised. According to Albrecht (pers.comm.) the species belongs to the subgenus Cyperana. The sketch of the male genitalia fits rather well the Holarctic species ciliata, which is known from northern Siberia in the Palaearctic region (Anufriev & Emeljanov 1988). The identification is not fully reliable. Verification can only be done if more specimens are found.

C.(Cicadula) quadrinotata (Fabricius, 179�)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Very common throughout the country in mires and on shore meadows. The nymph feeds on Carex lasiocarpa and C.vesicaria.

C.(Cicadula) persimilis (Edwards, 1920)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Common in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives on dry meadows, pastures and

ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on Dactylis glome-rata.

C.(Cicadula) albingensis W.Wagner, 19�0Siberian; U: NT; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only recorded from a few sites in southern Fin-land (Albrecht 1977, Albrecht et al. 2003). It lives in wet forests and on shore meadows. The nymph is a monophage on Scirpus sylvaticus in Finland. Abroad it is mentioned from Carex riparia and C.acutiformis (Nickel 2003).

Data: N: Hyvinkää 1973 (leg. M.A.Koponen), Ruotsinpyhtää 1975 (leg. A.Albrecht), Helsinki 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht), PernajaA.Albrecht), Pernaja 2002-2003 (leg. Albrecht & Söderman), Hanko Tvärminne 2002Albrecht & Söderman), Hanko Tvärminne 2002 (leg. A.Albrecht), Inkoo 200� (leg. A.Albrecht); Ta: Ruovesi 2005 (leg. J.Salmela).

Cicadula rubroflava Linnavuori, 1952? Limotettix longiventris J.Sahlberg, 1871

Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,mThe species has a very disperse distribution in

Finland based on the few known records. It has been recorded from fringes of mires and wet la-ke- and river shores, but also from mire-bottomed ablation pits in esker chains. The nymph feeds on Carex nigra, C.rostrata and C.globularis.

Data: Sa: Joutseno 1951 (leg. Linnavuori & Thuneberg); N: Sipoo 197� (leg. A.Albrecht), Ruotsinpyhtää 1975 (leg. A.Albrecht); Ok: Kuhmo 1990 (leg. J.Viramo); Ab: Laitila Kaivola 1993 (leg. V.Rinne); Ks: Kuusamo Oulanka 2001 (leg. J.Ilmonen); Ta: Ruovesi 2005 (leg. J.Salmela); ObS: Rokuanvaara 2005 (leg. R.Leinonen).

C.(Cicadula) saturata (Edwards, 1915)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rather common in the hemi- and middle boreal regions of Finland. It lives in mires and on paludi-fied lakeshores. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex limosa, C.rostrata, C.lasiocarpa, C.nigra).

C.(Cicadula) quinquenotata (Boheman, 18�5)Thamnotettix ribauti Kontkanen, 1937

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lRather common in the hemi- and southern bo-

real regions of Finland. It lives in mires and on sho-re-meadows. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex) and cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum).

C.(Cicadula) nigricornis (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Siberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Very rare and insofar only found twice in the southwestern part of Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). The Finnish records are from alluvial meadows. The nymph is said to feed on Calamagarostis canes-cens (Ossiannilsson 1983).

Data: N: Tammisaari Solböle 2002 (leg. Koski & Söderman), Hanko Tulliniemi 2003 (leg. Lundsten & Söderman).Lundsten & Söderman).


C.(Cicadula) flori (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather common in the hemi- and southern bo-real regions of Finland. It lives on wet peaty shores. The nymph feeds on Carex acuta and Calamagrostis canescens.

C.(Cyperana) intermedia (Boheman, 18�5)Limotettix lunulifrons J.Sahlberg, 1871

Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: lRather rare throughout the country, becoming

more scarce to the south. It lives on paludified meadows. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex) and rushes (Juncus).

C.(Cyperana) ? ciliata (Osborne, 1902)Holarctic; U: NE; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only one specimen from northernmost Finland is known (Huldén & Albrecht 198�). In Siberia and in the Rocky Mountains of North America the species lives on slope mires and lives on sedges (Carex).

Data: Li: Hammastunturi 1981 (leg. J.Tuiskunen).

C.(Cyperana) ornata (Melichar, 1900)Cicadula ossiannilssoni Kontkanen, 19�7

Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: lVery common, but mostly nocturnal in the bo-

real region of Finland. It lives in boreal deciduous and wet forests and on tall-grown shore-meadows. The nymph feeds on sedges, most abundantly on Carex canescens and C.leporina

C.(Henriana) frontalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Only found once in Alandia. It lives in the adja-cent areas (e.g. in the Pskov oblast) on wet eut-rophic lakeshores. The nymph is said to feed on Carex riparia, C.acutiformis, C.acuta and Scirpus syl-vaticus (Nickel 2003).

Data: Al: Finström Pålsböle 19�3 (leg.H.Lindberg).

Speudotettix Ribaut, 19�2

S.subfusculus (Fallén, 1806)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common north to the forest line in Finland. Occurs mostly in humid boreal coniferous forests. The nymph feeds on Deschampsia flexuosa growing intermixed with Vaccinium species. Adults ascend leaf-trees, brushwoods and scrubs for feeding and mating. The female returns to the ground for ovi-position. The color of the adult varies much and specimens from the northeastern parts of the boreal region are often blackish.

Hesium Ribaut, 19�2

H.domino (Reuter, 1880)Cicada biguttata Fallén, 1806 nec Fabricius, 1781Hesium falleni Metcalf, 1955

European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mRather common on mesic and dry meadows in the hemi- and southern boreal regions of Finland. The nymph feeds on grasses, often Festuca, intermixed with herbaceous plants. Adults ascend leaf-trees and herbaceous plants for feeding and mating.

Thamnotettix Zetterstedt, 1838

Taxonomic comment: •In the northern mountain zone there are smaller and

more colorful morphs, the reddish, f.tincta Zetter-stedt, 1838, and the darkcolored f.stupidula Zetterstedt, 1838. These morphs are not distinct and intermediate forms are quite common. According to Ossiannilsson (1983) the northern forms are slightly smaller than the nominal form, which is an understatement, as most of them are 1/3 smaller and much more slender in shape. Fresh material from northern Finland indicates that the nominal form lives sympatrically with the smaller ones, so they cannot be subspecies. The genital structures of the males show no differences to the nominal form, so the smaller forms would just be dwarfish caused by the subarctic conditions. Although there are but little difference in the choice of habitats and host plants, the possibility of sister species cannot completely be ruled out.

T.confinis (Zetterstedt, 1828)Athysanus prominulus Reuter, 1880

Holarctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mThe nominal form of the species is rather common throughout Finland, where it occurs in humid bo-real deciduous, lush and wet forests. The northern forms only live in the mountain birch forests. The nymph lives on grasses (Poaceae) intermixed with herbaceous plants. Adults ascend leaf-trees, brush-wood and scrubs (in the north mountain birch and Betula nana-scrub) for feeding and mating.

Pithyotettix Ribaut, 19�2

P.abietinus (Fallén, 1806)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather rare north to Forest Lapland in spruce dominated forests. The arboricol species is missing from the Alandian islands. The nymph and adult feed on Norway spruce (Picea abies).


Perotettix Ribaut, 19�2

P.orientalis (Anufriev, 1971)Eurosiberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

There are only two records of this rare Europe-an species from protected spruce mires in Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). Otherwise the species is only known from two sites in Sweden from Europe (Os-siannilsson 1983). It lives in cool and moist spruce forests. The nymph and adult feed on Norway sp-ruce (Picea abies), possibly high up in the canopy.

Data: Ta: Ruovesi Siikaneva 200� (leg. J.Kirjavainen); Ruo-vesi Ryökkeenneva 2005 (leg. J.Salmela).J.Salmela).

P.pictus (Lethierry, 1880)European, boreomontane; U: -; H: n; G: 1; M: s

There is only one recent record of this rare Eu-ropean species from Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). Otherwise the species is only known from the mountain ranges in Central Europe (Nickel 2003). Like the preceding species it lives in moist spruce forests. The adult has in Finland been swept from Norway spruce (Picea abies).

Data: Ta: Valkeakoski 200� (leg. J.Kirjavainen).

Colobotettix Ribaut, 19�8

C.morbillosus (Melichar, 1896)European, boreomontane; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

The species has been found only from four sites in Finland. Lives in old moist spruce forests and the adults have in Finland been swept from Picea abies and Abies (Linnavuori 1952a).

Data: Ab: Raisio 19�7 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Tb: Jyväskylä 19�9 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Sb: Kiuruvesi 1951 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Ta: Tammela Torronsuo 200� (leg. J.Kirjavainen).

Macustus Ribaut, 19�2

M.grisescens (Zetterstedt, 1838)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout Finland on wet meadows and in mires. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex), woodrush (Scirpus), cottongrass (Eriopho-rum) and Molinia caerulea.

Doliotettix Ribaut, 19�2

D.lunulatus (Zetterstedt, 1838)Cicada pallens Zetterstedt, 1828 nec Gmelin, 1790

Holarctic; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout the country on me-sic meadows, humid pastures and in boreal deci-duous forests. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis arundinacea, C.canescens and Agrostis stolonifera in Finland.

Athysanus Burmeister, 1838

A.argentarius Metcalf, 1855Cicada argentata Fabricius, 179� nec Olivier, 1790

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mCommon in the southern and central parts of

Finland. It lives on various wet meadows and on road verges. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poace-ae).

A.quadrum Boheman, 18�5Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

This is a localized and rare species in the southern parts of Finland. It lives on paludified tall-grown meadows and in riparian buffer zones, but adult specimens often stray to drier habitats. Adults are often found on Filipendula and Potentilla palustris. The nymph lives probably on plants of Rosaceae.

Stictocoris Thomson, 1869

S.picturatus (C.Sahlberg, 18�2)Cicada lineata Fabricius, 1787 nec Linnaeus, 1758

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mRather widespread in the southern parts in ear-

lier periods. Nowadays it is rare with strongholds on dry pastures and rocky meadows in southwes-tern Finland. The nymph lives on plants of Faba-ceae and the host plant in Finland is probably Tri-folium repens. From abroad Cytisus and Genista are mentioned (Nickel 2003), which are no options in Finland.

Scleroracus Van Duzee, 189�Limotettix pro parteOphiola pro parte

Taxonomix comments: •Some authors consider this and the next genus as

subgenera of Ophiola Edwards, 1922 (cf. Ossiannilsson 1983). However, more recent revisions (McKamey 2001, Tishechkin 2003) treat Scleroracus as a distinct genus. I tend to follow this opinion. Consequently, the taxon paludosa, differing in many respects from the taxa of Scle-roracus, should be set in a separate genus Ophiolix when disregarding the supergenus Ophiola.

•The taxon, which highly reminds of a smaller and darker decumanus, has for long caused problems since LeQuesne (1961b) reported the taxon S.plutonius from


England and the Central European mountains. It was also reported from the island of Öland in Sweden (Ossi-annilsson 1947) and from Finland (Huldén 1977) before Ossiannilsson (1983) synonymized it with russeolus (sic!). The real plutonius is a slightly larger Nearctic species (McKamey 2001). The male genital structure reminds partly of decumanus, but the apices of the aedagal apical processes are more slender and longer, and the lateral bulges of both sides are more acute and slightly serra-ted. The mix-up with decumanus also caused problems with the host plant records. Recently Tishechkin (2003) has dealt with the Russian species of the genus and desc-ribed a new species identicus, that matches the taxon of S.plutonius sensu LeQuesne, 1961 nec Uhler (1877).

•While studying the taxon plutonius I noted that a high number of specimens habitually reminded of S.corniculus, but were more slender and darker. The male genitalia are reminiscent of those of corniculus, but the appendices of the aedagus are more strongly curved and slender as in S.identicus. The mesal falcate processes, also present in corniculus, are more slender and parallel with the apical processes of the aedagus. The described taxon might be a variation of corniculus, but I have insofar not seen any intermediate forms. Haupt (1935) mentions reminiscent specimens under the name orichalceus, a taxon, which Ossiannilsson (1947) synonymized with cor-niculus. Moreover, the two taxa seem to occupy different ecological niches, which would support the presence of a sibling species. The Nearctic species S.instabilis (Van Duzee, 1894) is slightly larger, but identical with respect to the genital apparatus with S.orichalceus (see McKamey 2001), and might be conspecific.

S.decumanus (Kontkanen, 19�9)Cicada striatula Fallén, 1806 nec Fabricius, 179�

Eurosiberian; U: DD�; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pCommon from the hemiboreal to the northern

boreal region in Finland. It lives on rocky outcrops, dry pastures and ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on Rumex acetosella in Finland, abroad also on Po-lygonum aviculare (Nickel 2003).

S.identicus Tischechkin, 2003

?Scleroracus plutonius sensu LeQuesne 1961 nec (Uhler,1877)

Eurosiberian ?; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lThe species has insofar been recorded only on

the (Sa) Lappeenranta airfield in southeastern Finland, where eight males were captured in the years 2002-2003 in light-trap catches (Albrecht et al. 2006). In the year 200� nymphs were found on Artemisia campestris, which is the host plant accor-ding to Tishechkin (2003). It is unclear which taxon the specimens taken from Artemisia vulgaris and reported by Huldén (1977) as plutonius represent. If the species is able to feed on Mugwort as well, they might belong to this species.

S. orichalceus (Thomson, 1869)Holarctic ?; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

The distribution of this taxon extends north to the northern boreal region of Finland. It lives on heaths, eskers and sandy ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on Calluna vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum and Vaccinium vitisidaea.

S.corniculus (Marshall, 1866)Limotettix intractabilis Kontkanen, 19�9

Eurosiberian ?; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m,pMuch more scarce than the preceding taxon and extends north to the middle boreal region of Fin-land. It lives on wet meadows and in scrubby frin-ges of mires (Linnavuori 1969a). The nymph feeds on Calluna vulgaris, Ledum palustre and Vaccinium uliginosum.

S. russeolus (Fallén, 1826)Siberian (Holarctic ?); U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,p

Rather common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. Lives in oligotrophic mires, where the nymph feeds on Arctostaphylos uvaeursi and Vaccinium oxycoccos.

S.transversus (Fallén, 1826)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,p

Rather rare in southern Finland on dry pastu-res and sandy fields. The nymph feeds on Achillea millefolium.

Ophiolix Ribaut, 19�2

O. paludosa (Boheman, 18�5)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rather common north to the boundary of the middle and northern boreal regions in Finland. It lives on muddy shores. The nymph feeds on sedges (Carex) and horsetails (Equisetum).

Limotettix J.Sahlberg, 1871

L.striola (Fallén, 1806)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y

Very common in Finland north to the northern boreal region. It lives in mires and on various coas-tal and lacustrine meadows. Migrating specimens are often recorded from abnormal habitats. The nymph lives on species of Eleocharis, Trichophorum and Schoenoplectus.


L.atricapillus (Boheman, 18�5)North-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare in Finland and has seriously declined in late decades. It lives in oligotrophic mires. The nymph feeds on Carex lasiocarpa and C.limosa.

L.sphagneticus Emeljanov, 196�Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

This is a very rare species with few records from Finland. The nymph probably lives on sedges (Ca-rex) growing in paludified bottoms of ablation depressions of eskers. The species has also been recorded at light in Russia (Söderman 200�).

Data: N: Hanko Täktom 19�0's (leg. H.Lindberg); Kb: Kontiolahti 19�2 (leg. H.Lindberg); Ok: Vaala 1973 (leg. M.A.Koponen).

L.ochrifrons Vilbaste, 1973Siberian; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare in Finland and only recorded twice. I found it in peaty depressions in conifer woods, where nymphs and adults fed on Carex rostrata.

Data: Kb: Kontiolahti 19�2 (leg. H.Lindberg); N: Kirkko-nummi Porkkala 2003 (leg. G.Söderman).

Laburrus Ribaut, 19�2

L.impictifrons (Boheman, 1852)Pontomediterranean; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

I have recorded the species only from southe-astern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2003). The nymph feeds monophagously on Artemisia campestris.

Data: Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2002-2003 (leg. Sundell & Söderman).

Euscelidius Ribaut, 19�2

E.schenkii (Kirschbaum, 1868)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y

Rare in the hemi- and southern boreal regions of Finland. It lives on dry meadows, pastures and ru-deral fields. The nymph has in Finland been found on nettle (Urtica dioica), elsewhere also on Atriplex and Cirsium.

Euscelis Brullé, 1832

E.distinguendus (Kirschbaum, 1868)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rare in southern Finland, and localized in parts of central Finland. It lives on mesic meadows and ruderal fields. The nymph has in Finland mostly

been found on Picris, seldom on dandelions (Ta-raxacum).

Ederranus Ribaut, 19�2Euscelis pro parte

E.sachalinensis (Matsumura, 1911)Cicada lutea C.R.Sahlberg, 18�2 nec Olivier, 1790

Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: sOnly recorded once, a long time ago, from Fin-

land. East of Finland it is said to live primarily in eutrophic wet forests on Calamagrostis canescens (Emeljanov 196�). In Finland both C.R.Sahlberg and J.Sahlberg mention it to live in slash and burn areas (cf. Linnavuori 1969b). The biological records of the species are contradictory. Should it be asso-ciated with marshes, there should be many poten-tial areas and habitats for the species to live in, but if it is associated with post-fire succession stages, and hence the likable host-plant being Calamagros-tis epigejos, the cause for its extinction in Finland is more understandable.

Data: St: Yläne <1871 (leg. C.R.Sahlberg & J.Sahlberg).C.R.Sahlberg & J.Sahlberg).

E.discolor (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Athysanus nauta J.Sahlberg, 1871

North-European; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lOnly recorded twice from Finland. In Russia the

unicolored form nauta lives on paludified lakesho-res (recorded at light, see Söderman 200�, Söder-man & Goltsova 2005) and the picturated nominal form on eutrophic mires. The nymph feeds on Ph-ragmites australis and Glyceria maxima, often far out in the water (Linnavuori 1969b).

Data: Ta: Tampere Teisko <1871 (leg. J.Sahlberg); St: Pori Yyteri 199� (leg. V.Rinne).

Streptanus Ribaut, 19�2

S.aemulans (Kirschbaum, 1868)Athysanus sahlbergi Reuter, 1880

Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,pCommon in Finland north to the northern boreal

region. Lives on dry meadows and road verges, stray specimens have been found in ombrotrophic bogs and on riparian buffer zones. The nymph feeds on Elymus repens.

S.sordidus (Zetterstedt, 1828)Athysanus fraterculus Reuter, 1880

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,pWidely distributed, but localized, in Finland

north to the northern boreal region. It lives in mi-


res and wet forests. The nymph feeds on Agrostis stolonifera.

S.okaensis Zachvatkin, 19�8Holarctic; U: DD�; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m,p

Occurs probably throughout the country, but it is highly localized. May be abundant where it occurs. Lives on paludified meadows and shores, where the adults and nymphs hide in the tufts of the host plant, Calamagrostis canescens. Also found on drier sites, possibly with nymphs also on C.epigejos.

S.confinis (Reuter, 1880)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m,p

Localized, but probably spread throughout Fin-land. May have been mixed-up with the succeding species, but adults develop on wet meadows in the end of summer. The nymph feeds on Deschampsia caespitosa.

S.marginatus (Kirschbaum, 1858)Siberian; U: LC; H: n; G: 1; s,l,y,m,p

A very common, early summer species throug-hout Finland. It lives on dry and mesic fields, pas-tures and in clearings of forests. The nymph feeds on Deschampsia flexuosa and Festuca ovina.

Paramesus Fieber, 1866

Taxonomic comment: •Lately (see Nickel 2003), the Central European inland

records of this species have been stated to belong to another species, P.major Haupt, 1927, that is known from Siberia to Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Germa-ny and Israel. The distinguishing characters are rather weak, but insofar, no intermediate forms have been found. All populations close to the Baltic Sea belong to P.obtusifrons according to Nast (1976). The specimens I have seen from the Finnish seaside belong to the latter species.

P.obtusifrons (Stål, 1853)Cicada nervosa Fallén, 1826 nec Linnaeus, 1758

West-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,lRare and only occuring along the southern seasi-

de in Finland. It lives on coastal meadows and in shallow bays, occasionally on shallow lakeshores. The nymph feeds on Bolboschoenus maritimus and Schoenoplectus lacustris.

Parapotes Emeljanov, 196�

P.reticulatus (Horvath, 1897)East-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

A halobiont, that is very rare in Europe. It is kno-wn from the halophilic wetlands in Hungary and

Austria and from eight sites in Germany, of which one represents a brackish spring. According to lite-rature the host plant is Schoenoplectus lacustris, but in the brackish site is was Schoenoplectus taberna-emontani (Nickel 2003). In addition to these records, there is one single find, in the year 1958, from the Baltic coast from Blekinge in Sweden (Ossiannils-son 1983). One female of the species was recorded in 2003 from southwestern Finland (N) Hanko Uddskatan (see Albrecht et al. 2003). The species may be a local rarity, because the host plants grow on the site. The adult and the nymph is said to live a hideous life in the tufts of the host plants and they appear only when the tufts are tightly pressed towards the ground for several minutes (Nickel, l.c.).

Calamotettix Emelyanov, 196�Paramesus pro parte

C.taeniatus (Horvath, 1911)East-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Previously known only from Hungary, and ori-ginally described from the shores of Lake Balaton, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. It was discovered new to Germany as late as in 1986 (Heller 1987). The nymph lives in the terrestrial parts of large stands of common reed (Phragmites australis). Also adults feed on common reed and are very wary and easily fly away of the slightest tremble. The female oviposits in the base of the straw and the nymphs live inside the basal leaves only some centimeters above the ground (Heller 1987).

The species was in year 2002 surprisingly found in light-traps from several places in southern Fin-land, and more were discovered the following year (Albrecht et al. 2003, Söderman 200�). The many sites indicate that the species has expanded to Fin-land some years ago, but not been observed due to its nocturnal way of life. I also recorded the species in the years 2002-2003 from a light-trap in the Sebez National Park in the oblast of Pskov in Russia, from where it also was unknown before (Söderman & Goltsova 2005). The adult is so striking in its co-loring that it can not have been overseen too long. As the preceding species, it belongs to the guild, in which local populations are wiped out by high waterlevels.

Paralimnus Matsumura, 1902

Taxonomic comment: •The Finnish material in the subgenus Paralimnus has in my research shown to consist of two different species, not


earlier distinguished in Finland. They are, however, also easily distinguishable morphospecies.

P.(Paralimnus) phragmites (Boheman, 18�7)West-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Rather common in the southern and central parts of Finland, especially in the reed beds of the coast and large inland lakes. The nymph feeds on common reed (Phragmites australis).

P.(Paralimnus) zachvatkini Emelyanov, 196�East-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

This species is previously only known from the delta of the river Volga (Emelyanov 196�) and from Romania and Bulgaria (Emelyanov, l.c). Recently the species has been recorded from Germany, too (Nickel, l.c.). The adult and the nymph live mo-nophagously on common reed (Phragmites austra-lis). This species was surprisingly found in light-traps from (N) Tammisaari Harparskog Lillträsk and Storträsk in 2002. When revising the museum material of the Turku University I also found one fe-male from (Kl) Parikkala Siikalahti (leg. J.Sahlberg, 1866). The known sites represent highly eutrophic, overgrown, shallow lakes or bays of larger lakes on the proximal side of the foremost Salpauselkä formation (Albrecht et al. 2006). All occurrences represent nature conservation areas.

P.(Paragygrus) rotundiceps (Lethierry, 1885)European; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y

From northern Europe only a few sites are kno-wn: some very old sites in southern Norway, a single find in southern Sweden (year 19�2) and a few sites from northwestern Finland. Nymphs and adults live on common reed (Phragmites australis) on sand-spits and tombolos (Söderman 2002). The nymph lives in the outer waterlogged part of the reed-stand inside the basal leaves. When the water level suddenly rises in spring due to flooding or when the shore is ice-rafted, the local populations may easily die out.

Data: Oa: Pietarsaari 19�0 (leg. H.Lindberg); ObS: Kui-vaniemi 1980 (leg. M.A.Koponen); Oa: Maalahti 199� (leg. T.Lammes); Ok: Vaala Manamansalo 2001-2002 (leg. Söderman

& Leinonen).

Metalimnus Ribaut, 19�8

Taxonomic comment: •A form of the species formosus, named steini (Fieber,

1869), has been described from northern Germany. It has later been regarded as a distinct species, synony-mous with M.tredecimpunctatus (Lindberg, 1929) from Japan. M.steini has been reported from large areas in the Palaearctic, i.a. from Hungary, Ukraine, Austria and

Kazachstan (Nast 1976) and from the Russian Far-East (Anufriev & Emelyanov 1988). The status of the taxon is still unclear, because the types are missing. Anufriev & Emelyanov have depicted the male genitalia of this species, which considerably differs from those of M. formosus.

•Males of the species formosus occurs in two color mor-phs in Finland. One is ligth-colored (yellowish-orange), the other one more strongly fuscous (see also Ossian-nilsson 1983). I have found dark and slightly larger fema-les with the 7th sternite more pointing than of females belonging to formosus. These and one male was recently identified by me as a separate species M.obtusus Emelya-nov, 1966.

M.formosus (Boheman, 18�5)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,p

Rather common and distributed north to the northern boreal region. It lives in eutrophic mires, on floodplains and shore meadows, rarely in pe-at depressions in woodland. The nymph feeds on tall-grown sedges, such as Carex rostrata, C.acuta and C.elata.

M.obtusus Emelyanov, 1966Siberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Insofar only recorded from three localities in eas-tern Finland. All sites represent leaf-tree domina-ted paludified forests. The host plant of the nymph is unknown, but a few adult specimens have been swept from Scirpus sylvaticus. Otherwise the spe-cies is in Europe only known from Central Russia (Emelyanov 1966), the Pskov region (leg. Ivanov) and from Austria (Holzinger 1996).

Data: Sa: Mikkeli Anttola 1990 (leg. G.Söderman); Kb: Toh-majärvi Piilovaara 2002 (leg. Nieminen & Söderman); N: Pernaja Vanhakylä 2003 (leg. G.Söderman)

M.steini (Fieber,1869)Siberian ?; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Only one specimen has been caught in a light-trap from Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). There are also records from light-traps in Russia (Söderman & Goltsova 2005). Abroad the species are reported from the upper parts of flooded meadows. The nymph is said to live on Carex hirta.

Data: Ka: Hamina Meltti 2002 (leg. Sundell & Söderman).Sundell & Söderman).

M.marmoratus (Flor, 1861)Deltocephalus ståli J.Sahlberg, 1871

Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: sVery rare in southern and central Finland. Lives

in oligotrophic mires, but has also been taken from calcareous fens. The nymph feeds on Carex limosa.


Arocephalus Ribaut, 19�6

A.(Ariellus) punctum (Flor, 1861)Deltocephalus paucinervis J.Sahlberg, 1871

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,pRather rare in the hemi-, southern and coastal

parts of the middle boreal regions of Finland. It lives on dry meadows, pastures and ruderal fields. The nymph feeds on sheep's-fescue (Festuca ovi-na).

A.(Arocephalus) languidus (Flor, 1861)Deltocephalus haupti H.Lindberg, 192�

Pontomediterranean; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: sVery rare and only recorded twice from Finland.

It lives on humid lakeshore pastures. The nymph feeds on Molinia caerulea in Finland.

Data: Ab: Karjalohja < 1871 (leg. J.Sahlberg); Kb: Ham-J.Sahlberg); Kb: Ham-maslahti 19�2 (leg. P.Kontkanen).

Psammotettix Haupt, 1929

Taxonomic comments: •Taxa of the nodosus-group are sometimes difficult to

identify, in particular since the description of the species dubius. Ossiannilsson (1983:824-825) depicted some va-riation in the spoon of the aedagus of this species, which has led some collectors to misinterpret male specimens with a pointed spoon apex as belonging to P.lapponicus (Ossiannilsson, 1938), a species which seems to be con-fined to valleys of the Scandinavian mountain range.

•The species excisus was recorded new to Finland by Raa-tikainen & Ylönen (1988) based on specimens captured in open mires in northern Finland. In the revision of the collected specimens, I found they were named P.exilis. This name is the junior synonym of two species; P.exilis W.Wagner, 1941 is the synonym of P.excisus and P.exilis Ossiannilsson 1953 is the synonym of P.dubius. The specimens belong to the latter taxon and Raatikainen & Ylönen have misinterpretated P.exilis as a synonym to P.excisus.

•There are two taxa with quite a similar description, P.slovacus Dlabola, 1948 and P.makarovi Morawskaja, 1952. The former is described from sandy areas in the mountains of Central Europe. The latter is described from near Moscow and is reported from NE-Latvia and SE-Estonia by Vilbaste (1971, 1974). They both share the same host plant and habitat type, and there are little dif-ferences in the depiction of their male genital structures. Apparently, the taxa are conspecific whereby the older name of Dlabola is valid.

P.alienus (Dahlbom, 1851)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

Common in southern and central Finland. It li-ves on dry and mesic pastures and on crop-fields. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae), especially on wheat (Triticum).

P.cephalotes (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Rare in the southwestern part of Finland. It lives on wooded meadows and the nymph feeds on Bri-za media and Molinia caerulea.

P.confinis (Dahlbom, 1851)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common north to the northern boreal re-gion of Finland. It lives on dry pastures, ruderal fields and road verges. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae), most often on Calamagrostis epigejos.

P.sabulicola (Curtis, 1837)Deltocephalus arenicola J.Sahlberg, 1871

West-European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: sRare on the active dune fields of the coast of

the Baltic Sea. The nymph feeds on Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria and Leymus arenarius (Ossian-nilsson 1983), in Finland probably only on Leymus, because the other grass species are missing from the Finnish localities.

Data: Om: Kokkola 1918 (leg. Linnaniemi); St: Pori Yyteri 1927 (leg. R.Krogerus), 2005 (leg. P.Ahlroth); ObS: Hailuoto 1927 (leg. R.Krogerus).

P.nodosus (Ribaut, 1925)European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Rather common in the southern and central parts of Finland. It lives on sandy fields and on strings of ombrotrophic bogs. The nymph feeds on Festuca rubra and bent-grasses (Agrostis).

P.albomarginatus W.Wagner, 19�1West-European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Very rare on lichen-covered rocks, sandy river-beds and grey dunes in Finland. It has insofar been recorded only known from three sites. The nymph feeds on Agrostis vinealis and A.mertensii.

Data: Ab: Raisio 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Ks: Kuusamo 19�9 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Oba: Hailuoto 2001 (leg. G.Söderman).

P.excisus (Matsumura, 1906)West-European; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Very rare and only known from southeastern-most Finland where it lives on a xerothermic field (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymph feeds on bent-grasses (Agrostis) within growth stands of Artemisia campestris.

Data: Sa: Lappeenranta airfield (leg. Sundell & Söderman, 2002).

P.dubius Ossiannilsson, 197�European, boreomontane; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m,p

Rather common in the hemi- , southern and mid-dle boreal regions in Finland. The species clearly


prefers cooler environs than most other species of the genus. Lives on sandy fields, dry pastures and sandy shores near the coast and in the outer archipelago, but it also found inland near large water bodies and on dry strings on mires. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae), most often it is found on Deschampsia flexuosa. There are only a few findings from the central European mountains (Nickel 2003).

P.lapponicus (Ossiannilsson, 1938)Holarctic; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,m

Found only recently on south-exposed dolomitic slopes in the Kilpisjärvi region in northwestern-most Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). Ossiannilsson (1983) lists both dry and moist heather moors, grass meadows and marshes as its habitat. I have seen specimens from Norway that lived on reindeer gra-zed meadows on Nardus stricta.

Data: Le: Kilpisjärvi Saana 2005 (leg. K.Mattila), Pikku-Malla 2005 (leg. R.Partanen).

P.frigidus (Boheman, 18�5)North-Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Found only once in the subarctic region of Fin-land. It lives on tundra heaths (Ossiannilsson 1983) and on palsa bogs. The nymph probably lives on grasses (Poaceae).

Data: Le: Kilpisjärvi 192� (leg. H.Lindberg).H.Lindberg).

P.pallidinervis (Dahlbom, 1851)Pontomediterranean; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l

Rare on open and sparsely vegetated sandy si-tes. Recorded insofar only from a few sites in Fin-land. The nymph feeds of sheep's-fescue (Festuca ovina).

Data: St: Yläne, Laitila <1871 (leg. J.Sahlberg), Säkylä 19�8J.Sahlberg), Säkylä 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori); Om: Lohtaja Vattajanniemi 2001, 2005 (leg. G.Söderman); Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2003 (leg. Sundell & Söderman).

P.poecilus (Flor, 1861)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Known from sandy sites and gravel pits from southern Finland, but also recorded far north, from Inari Lapland. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis epigejos in Finland.

P.slovacus Dlabola, 19�8East-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m,p

The species has been mostly been swept or col-lected in pitfall-traps from post-fire succession are-as (Albrecht et al. 2006), but has also been recorded from dry esker slopes. It is clearly a pioneer species of disturbed habitats, but it does not seem to pro-

duce very large populations. The host plant of the nymph is Calamagrostis epigejos.

Data: Oa: Teuva 199� (leg. T.Lammes); Sa: Lappeenranta airfield 2002 (leg. Sundell & Söderman); Ta: Torronsuo post-fire area 200� (leg. J.Kirjavainen), Loppi 200�-2005 (leg. Karja-lainen & Salminen); Kl: Parikkala 200� (leg. G.Söderman); St: Yläne Säkylä 2005 (leg. J.Kirjavainen); Sa: Luumäki 2005 (leg. Saarinen & Söderman); Kb: Tohmajärvi Jalajavaara 2005 (leg. G.Söderman).

Ebarrius Ribaut, 19�7

E.cognatus (Fieber, 1869)Deltocephalus interstinctus auct. nec Fieber, 1869

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,mRather rare and localized in the boreal region of

Finland with strongholds in the northern parts. It lives preferably on dry pastures, sandy fields and on sparsely vegetated rock surfaces. The nymph feeds on Festuca ovina and Agrostis capillaris.

Adarrus Ribaut, 19�7

A.multinotatus (Boheman, 18�7)West-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: sQuite recently recorded from a lush grove in Fin-land (Albrecht et al. 2006). The nymph is said to feed on Brachypodium pinnatum (Nickel 2003) gro-wing abundantly in the recording area.

Data: Ta: Valkeakoski 200� (leg. J.Kirjavainen).

Errastunus Ribaut, 19�7Adarrus pro parte

E.ocellaris (Fallén, 1806)Transpalaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,m,p

Rather rare and localized, but widespread in Finland. Lives on dry pastures, but is most abun-dant on alluvial meadows in the northern parts of the country. The nymph feeds on Calamagrostis epigejos and C.purpurea.

Turrutus Ribaut, 19�7

T.socialis (Flor, 1861)Eurosiberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only found twice from dry pastures in Finland. The nymph feeds on Nardus stricta and Poa annua according to Ossiannilsson (1983).

Data: Al: Eckerö 19�3 (leg. H.Lindberg); Ta: Jokioinen 1991 (leg. V.Rinne).


Mongolojassus Zachvatkin, 1953

M.bicuspidatus (J.Sahlberg, 1871)Siberian; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: l

Only recorded from (Sa) Lappeenranta airfield in Finland and previously only known from two Fennoscandian sites in Russian Karelia (see Al-brecht et al. 2003). It lives on dry open sand fields, with abundant growth of Thymus serpyllum. It is possible, that the host plant of the nymph is Festu-ca ovina, growing intermixed with thyme, because most members of the tribe live on grasses.

Jassargus Zachvatkin, 1933

J.(Arrailus) flori (Fieber, 1869)Deltocephalus oculatus J.Sahlberg, 1871Deltocephalus pseudocellaris in J.Sahlberg 1871 pro parte, nec

Flor, 1861Deltocephalus falleni in J.Sahlberg 1871 pro parte, nec Fieber,

1869

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 2; M: s,l,y,m,pCommon north to the northern boreal region in

Finland. It is most abundant in wet depressions in forests, but also on various meadows and pastures, and along road verges. The nymph feeds on Carex leporina and probably also on Festuca.

J.(Arrailus) alpinus (Then, 1896) ssp.neglectus (Then, 1869)Eurosiberian, arctoalpine; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Only recorded from the north, where it lives on heaths (Huldén 1977, Raatikainen & Ylönen 1988). The biology of the species in Finland is poorly kno-wn, but nymphs probably corresponding to this species have been found on various grasses.

J.(Sayetus) sursumflexus (Then, 1902)European; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; M: s,p

Very rare in Finland and only recorded from three localities. It lives in peaty forest depressions and in rich fens. The nymph feeds on Molinia ca-erulea.

Data: Kb: Pyhäselkä Pielisjärvi 19�3 (leg. P.Kontkanen); Obb: Rovaniemi Pisavaara 1950 (leg. H.Lindberg); Om:Halsua 200� (leg. Hollmen & Itämies).Hollmen & Itämies).

J.(Sayetus) allobrogicus (Ribaut, 1936)Deltocephalus pseudocellaris in J.Sahlberg 1871 pro parte, nec

Flor, 1861Deltocephalus falleni in J.Sahlberg 1871 pro parte, nec Fieber,

1869

European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,m,pLocalized, but distributed from the southern to

the northern boreal parts of Finland. It is most fre-quent in the southwest. It lives on dry pastures and heaths. The nymph feeds on Deschampsia flexuosa.

Pinumius Ribaut, 19�7

P.areatus (Stål, 1858)Holarctic; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

There is only one record of this psammophilo-us species from southeastern Finland (Albrecht et al. 2006). It lives on dunes and sandy ground in Central Europe and the nymph is believed to feed on Festuca ovina (Nickel 2003) and possibly Elymus repens (Ossiannilsson 1983).

Data: Sa: Rautjärvi 1990 (leg. M.A.Koponen).

Diplocolenus Ribaut, 19�7D.bohemani (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,pRather common in the southern parts of Finland. It lives preferably on xeric sites of pastures, eskers and heaths and along road verges. The nymph and adult feed on Calamagrostis epigejos.

Verdanus Oman, 19�9Diplocolenus pro parte

V.abdominalis (Fabricius, 1803)West-Palaearctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1-2; M: s,l,y,m,p

Very common throughout the country on all kind of meadows, but prefers mesic ones. The colorful morph, f.rufa, is more common in drier and hotter places. The nymph feeds on grasses (Poaceae).

V.limbatellus (Zetterstedt, 1828)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,y,m

Predominantly in the northern parts of Finland. There are some single finds further south, even as far as from the Hanko peninsula. It lives on wet meadows. The nymph feeds on various grasses (Poaceae).

Arthaldeus Ribaut, 19�7

Taxonomic comment: •In the generic revision by Remane (1960) the species

A.arenarius Remane, 1960, was found to live on small-reed (Calamagrostis epigejos) in Central Europe. This species had earlier been confused with the species A.striifrons. I have made a revision of the Finnish material of this genus, but not found A.arenarius. It may, however, occur in Finland, because it probably has a large distri-bution in Europe.

A.pascuellus (Fallén, 1826)Eurosiberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m,p

Common in Finland north to the boundary bet-ween the middle and northern boreal region. It lives on mesic and wet meadows and pastures and


also in sedge-mires. The nymph feeds on grasses, i.a. on Festuca, Lolium, Poa, and in more wet parts also on Calamagrostis canescens.

A.striifrons (Kirschbaum, 1868)Holomediterranean; U: DD�; H: o; G: 1; M: s

There are but very few old records of this species from Finland. It lives on mesic and moderately dry shore meadows. The nymph feeds on Festuca pra-tensis and F.rubra, not on clover as mentioned by Sahlberg (1871) and Linnavuori (1969b).

Data: Ab: Korppoo, Parainen <1880 (leg. O.M.Reuter), Rai-sio 1950 (leg. R.Linnavuori); N: Porvoo < 1880 (leg. O.M.Reuter);O.M.Reuter); Ab: Raisio 19�8 (leg. R.Linnavuori).

Rosenus Oman, 19�9

R.laciniatus (Then, 1896)Thamnotettix abiskoensis (H.Lindberg, 1926)

Holarctic; U: DD3; H: o; G: 1; M: sA few specimens have been taken from tundra

heaths in northernmost Finland. The nymph should feed on Dryas octopetala (Ossiannilsson 1983).Data: Li: Utsjoki Kevo 1972-1973 (see Koponen 1981); Le: Kilpisjärvi fjell Pikku-Malla and fjell Saana 200� (leg. K.Mattila).

Sorhoanus Ribaut, 19�7

S.xanthoneurus (Fieber, 1869)Holarctic; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,p

Rather common north to the northern boreal re-gion in Finland. Lives preferably in mires, but has also been found on tall-grown shore meadows and in open parts of ombrotrophic bogs. The nymph feeds on Eriophorum vaginatum.

S.assimilis (Fallén,1806)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,p

More scarce than the preceding species in Fin-land. It occurs north only to the middle boreal region. It lives in wet aapa-mires and on humid meadows. The nymph feeds on Carex rostrata, C.panicea and C.nigra.

Lebradea Remane, 1959

Taxonomic comment: •Herbert Nickel (2003) considers it possible, that the

German endemic species L.calamagrostis Remane, 1959 would be a synonym of this species. They differ only by the length of the lateral appendices of the male aeda-gus (see Ossiannilsson 1983:868), which possibly could geographically vary. I have studied a large material of

L.flavovirens from Finnish Lapland to the Pskov region in Russia and not noted any variation within this area.

L.flavovirens (Gillette & Baker, 1895)Thamnotettix karafutonis Matsumura, 1911Lebradea icarus Ossiannilsson, 1976

Holarctic; U: NT; H: n; G: 1; M: s,l,y,mIt lives along road verges, in river valleys, on dry

and mesic pastures and unimproved meadows. The adult and the nymph hide in the tufts of Cala-magrostis epigeios (more seldom of C.canescens) and are therefore, difficult to sweep. I found the species, in hundreds of specimens in 1970, for the first time in Europe from light-trap captures (see Ossiannils-son 1983:870). Later it was found by sweeping as well (Albrecht 1977, Clayhills et al. 2002). This stu-dy indicates that it is quite common in light-trap captures and that it lives as far north as in Ivalo in Lapland (Albrecht et al. 2003).

Cosmotettix Ribaut, 19�2Palus pro parte

C.(Cosmotettix) caudatus (Flor, 1861)Deltocephalus scriptifrons J.Sahlberg, 1871

Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,mRather common in the southern and central

parts of Finland. It lives on various sedge-grown meadows and in mires. The nymph feeds on Carex vesicaria in Finland, but on C.hirta in Central Euro-pe (Nickel 2003).

C.(Cosmotettix) evanescens Ossiannilsson, 1976North-European; U: -; H: o; G: 1; M: s

Previously only known from Sweden (Ossi-annilsson 1983) but has recently been found in Finland from minerotrophic parts of mires in the south (Albrecht et al. 2006). The host plant of the nymph is unknown, but adults have been swept from Eriophorum vaginatum.

Data: Ta: Torronsuo mire complex 200� (leg. J.Kirjavainen); Ab: Karjalohja Kalkkikallio mire 2005 (leg. Salokannel & Mat-tila), Ta: Seitseminen Kivineva 2005 (leg. J.Kirjavainen) ; Sa: Mäntyharju Tervalammet 2005 (leg. G.Söderman).

C.(Cosmotettix) edwardsi (H.Lindberg, 192�)Siberian; U: DD2; H: o; G: 1; s,l

Very localized in the interior parts of southern, central and northern Finland. Lives in mires, but has been found straying to drier habitats as well. The nymph feeds on Carex lasiocarpa.

C.(Cosmotettix) panzeri (Flor, 1861)Deltocephalus concaviceps H.Lindberg, 192�North-European; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s


Nowadays very rare. It occurs on ombrotrophic bogs in southern and central Finland. The nymph feeds on Eriophorum angustifolium and E.vaginatum. Despite several new inventories of large bog areas in southern Finland the species has only been lo-cated in one mire conservation area.

C.(Airosus) costalis (Fallén, 1826)Siberian; U: LC; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,m

Rather common north to the northern boreal region in Finland. It lives in mires and on flooded meadows. The nymph feeds on Carex rostrata and C. acuta in Finland.

Boreotettix H.Lindberg, 1952

B.bidentatus (De Long & Davidson, 1935)Cosmotettix serricauda Kontkanen, 19�9

Holarctic; U: DD2; H: n; G: 1; M: s,y,m,pRare and localized in Finland (Kontkanen 19�9,

Albrecht 1977). Lives in wet sandy depressions, most often in deflation hollows near dunes, but it has also been collected from sand-bottomed ditches (Albrecht pers.comm.) and in seepages from esker areas. The adult and nymph feed on sedge (Carex), but the degree of specialization is not known.

Mocuellus Ribaut, 19�7

M. collinus (Boheman, 1850)Athysanus lateralis J.Sahlberg, 1871

Eurosiberian; U: DD5; H: o; G: 1; s,lVery rare in southeastern Finland (see Albrecht et

al. 2003). It lives on sandy old pastures. The nymph feeds on Elymus repens and there are records from Leymus arenarius abroad (Nickel 2003).

Data: Kl: Parikkala 1866 (leg. J.Sahlberg), 200� (leg.J.Sahlberg), 200� (leg. G.Söderman), Simpele 200� (leg. G.Söderman); Sa: Lappeenran-ta 2002 (leg. G.Söderman), Joutseno 2003 (leg. G.Söderman).

Erzaleus Ribaut, 19�7

E. metrius (Flor, 1861)Siberian; U: DD�; H: o; G: 1; M: s,l,y,m

First recorded from Finland as late as in 1959 from southern Ostrobothnia (leg. Raatikainen). Sin-ce then it has strongly expanded and is nowadays rather common in the hemiboreal region and in parts of the middle boreal region. It lives, in parti-cular, on paludified meadows and riparian buffer zones. The nymph feeds on reed-grass (Phalaris arundinacea) in the seaside and, occasionally, on sedges (Carex riparia, C.acuta) further inland.


6 Summary of species research

6.1 New species – research efforts

This research shows, despite earlier beliefs that the Finnish Auchenorrhyncha fauna would be quite well known because of the country's earlier prominent researchers, that it has been quite poorly investiga-ted. Today 389 species are known from Finland, i.e. 56 (17%) more than when the conservation status of the Finnish species last, in year 2000, was evaluated. Of the newly discovered species 13 (Anacerata-gallia lithuanica, Aphrodes bicincta, A.diminuta, Balclutha arhenana, Cicadula ciliata, Edwardsiana lanternae, E.plurispinosa, Linnavuoriana intercedens, Oncopsis avellanae, Paralimnus zachvatkini, Metalimnus obtusus, Ribautodelphax vinealis and Scleroracus orichalceus) have been found as a result of more thorough taxonomic studies, 15 (Adarrus multinotatus, Balclutha boica, Cosmotettix evanescens, Delphacodes capnodes, Edwardsiana tersa, Laburrus impictifrons, Macropsidius sahlbergi, Macrosteles oshanini, Mongolojassus bicuspidatus, Perotet-tix orientalis, P.pictus, Pinumius areatus, Psammotettix lapponicus, P. slovacus and Scleroracus identicus) are regarded as old species, which populations have been found with more focussed field inventories, 25 (Acanthodelphax spinosa, Acericerus heydenii, Alebra albostriella, A.neglecta, A.wahlbergi, Anakelisia perspicillata, Calamotettix taeniatus, Cicadula nigricornis, Edwardsiana gratiosa, E.lethierryi, Eupterycyba jucunda, Eupteryx stachydearum, Eurybregma porcus, Fagocyba carri, Kelisia confusa, K.praecox, Kybos volgensis, Macropsis scutel-lata, Metalimnus steini, Parapotes reticulata, Stenocranus fuscovittatus, Typhlocyba quercus, Igutettix oculatus, Xanthodelphax xantha and Zygina angusta) are regarded as expansive species that have established native populations in the 21st century and � species (Circulifer haematoceps, Tremulicerus distinguendus, Edward-siana ampliata and Ommatidiotus inconspicuus) are considered possible long-range migrants.

The increase of species in the 21st century is thus partly explained by more intensified research and inventory, partly by suitable climate conditions enabling species to expand their range to Finland from nearby core areas.

Despite present research efforts, there are still many species to be expected to occur in Finland, because they are quite abundant in neighbouring regions. Thus, more than 20 species not found in Finland occur in Estonia south of the Finnish Gulf. The true number of Finnish species may be close to �00.

6.2 Faunistic results

Diversifying the methods of inventory has considerably improved the knowledge of the distribution of species. The methodological results show that more than 60% of our species may be captured with light-traps, �0% by yellow-traps, circa 60 % by Malaise-traps and 20-25% by pitfall traps. During the research more than 1,000 new provincial records were made, largely supported by the new collecting techniques.

The number of species of the provinces is shown in appendix 1.


6.3 Biological results

The occurrence of species is only partly explained by the vegetation/plants of the sites. The edaphic conditions (substrate affinities) often play a major role in the choice of breeding sites.

The distribution of Finnish species with regards to priority habitats (= habitats for breeding) is shown in table 2. The arboricol portion of the fauna is ca 1/3 and the non-arboricol portion 2/3. This is due to the high number of monocot host-plants of the fauna. Notable high species numbers is recorded for esker forests, hemiboreal broad-leaved forests, dry grasslands, lacustrine shore meadows and ruderal areas, all which are sensitive to change (see subchapter 7.2). Species poor habitats are subarctic habitats, croplands and dry coniferous forests. Also the subtype "old boreal forest" has a low number of species. The future development of this habitat type, important for saproxylic species in Finland, is therefore not very decisive for the Finnish Auchenorrhyncha fauna.

Table 1. Substrate affinities of the Finnish species

Affinity Definition S % of all

Arboricol Requires trees and brushwood for development 106 27.3

Psammobiont All sites on exposed sandy soil 4 1.0

Psammophilic Prefers (> 80% of sites) exposed sandy soil 26 6.7

Xerophilic Prefers dry mineral soil and dry ombrotrophic bogs 67 17.3

Mesophilic Prefers humid fine-grained soil 73 18.8

Hygrophilic Prefers wet organic sites 89 22.9

Tyrphobiont All occurrences on peaty soil 20 5.2

Halobiont All occurrences on saline soil 3 0.8

Table 2. Priority habitats of the Finnish species

Forests total (M) 106

Boreal forests unspecified (Mk) 6

Dry coniferous forests (Mkk) 4

Esker forests (Mkh) 19

Small-leaved boreal forests (Mkt) 41

Lush boreal forests and groves (Mkl) 10

Hemiboreal forests and groves (Ml) 26

Anthropogenic habitats (I) 139

Woody pastures (Ih) 7

Ruderal areas (Ij) 31

Dry grasslands (In) 53

Fresh grasslands (It) 24

Wet grasslands (Ik) 9

Parks and gardens (Ip) 13

Crop fields (Iv) 2

Boreal rocky surfaces (K) 1

Subarctic mountains total (T) 4


Subarctic heaths (Tk) 3

Subarctic meadows (Tn) 1

Water bodies (V) 1

Shores total (R) 80

Sandy Baltic shores (Rih) 7

Rocky Baltic shores (Rit) 1

Baltic shore meadows (Rin) 20

Lacustrine shores unspecified (Rj) 4

Gravelly lacustrine shores (Rjt) 2

Lacustrine shore meadows (Rjn) 47

Mires total 57

Mires unspecified (S) 2

Wet paludified forests (Sk) 10

Ombrotrophic bogs (Sr) 11

Oligotrophic fens (Sn) 30

Minerotrophic fens (Sl) 3

Table 3. Comparison (in percent) of host specialization of Auchenorrhyncha nymphs between Germany and Finland.

Degree Germany Finland Definition of host specialization

1st degree monophagous 38,6 41,1 Restricted to 1(-2) plant species

2nd degree monophagous 20,6 17,8 Restricted to 1 plant genus

1st degree oligophagous 17,7 27,4 Restricted to 1 plant family

2nd degree oligophagous 6,4 11,1 Restricted to 2 related plant families

polyphagous 14,3 2,7 Feeds on > 2 plant families

unknown 2,3 0,0

Host specialization of nymphs is high in Finnish Auchenorrhynca. If using the classification developed by Nickel (2003) a comparison between Germany and Finland is possible (table 3).

The table indicates that Finland has relatively more 1st degree monophages and oligophages and much less polyphages, which may be explained by the restricted food supply, i.e. plant species, in the northern part of the range of many species.

The spectrum of plant genera that host monophages in Finland does not markedly differ from the spectrum in Central Europe (see Nickel 2003). Altogether 35 plant genera have monophages in Finland. The ten most important plant genera for plant- and leafhoppers are (number of monophages in bracken): Carex (37), Salix (17), Calamagrostis (13), Festuca (12), Phragmites (10), Populus (10), Alnus (9), Betula (8), Ag-rostis (8), Eriophorum (7). Fescue and alder have more prominent roles in Finland than in Central Europe, because they stand as alternative hosts in Finland for species that have specialized on other host plants (e.g. Corynephorus and Quercus) further south.

The high specialization degree and affinity of the species increase the rarity of many Finnish hoppers and also the threat to extinction of local populations. Thus, planthoppers and leafhoppers must be regar-ded as good indicators for ecological research and studies on effects of land use management.

The success in reproduction and distribution of species are furthermore determined by stages of hibernation and growth speed. Of the Finnish species 71.5 % hibernate in the egg stage, 18.1 % in the nymphal stage and 9.8 % as adults.


Kontkanen (195�) reported only two species as having more than one generation in Finland. It is now evident, based on records of nymphs and adults, that the number of species regularly producing two generations per year is more than tenfolds higher. In addition, some normally monovoltine species may in favourable years with long warm autumns produce a partial second generation in southern Finland. The data on mono- vs. bivoltine species is still incomplete and much more detailed phenological records of nymphs are required to clerify the true picture in different parts of the country. For example, some mo-novoltine species hibernating as nymphs may do this in different nymphal stages (e.g. Macustus grisescens and Speudotettix subfusculus) and thus adults may be encountered throughout the growing season. This has much confused the interpretation of number of generations based on adult records of such species.


7 Conservation status changes and threats

7.1 Conservation status changes

I have re-assessed the conservation status of each of the Finnish species in Appendix I (column aCS). In this I have followed the guidelines of Rassi et al. (2001). I have lowered the category in two cases (marked by asterisk in the mentioned column):

• the species has a strong core population near the Finnish border, it has good dispersal abilities and a tendency for expanding its range

• the species has established itself on ornamental trees and plants which do not grow in the wild in Finland.

The new conservation status categories of the species are not to be regarded official, they represent the authors personal opinion.

The comparison between the last evaluation (Rassi et al. 2001) and this is made in table �, where also the new categories of "redlisted" species have been broken down to primary habitats, viz. main habitats of reproduction. For example, of the 5 species regarded as vulnerable in year 2000 one is now regarded as regionally extinct, 2 as endangered and 2 as near threatened.

Table 4. Comparison between the previous and recent conservation status evaluation of Finnish species.

22.2.2006 RE CR EN VU NT DD NA LC CS-old

Regionally extinct (RE) 0 0Critically endangered (CR) 1 1Endangered (EN) 1 1Vulnerable (VU) 1 2 2 5Near threatened (NT) 1 3 4Data deficient (DD) 5 13 12 12 27 1 1 40 111Least concerned (LC) 1 3 1 4 3 211 223Not evaluated (new) 8 11 11 2 2 5 5 44CS-new 7 24 28 28 34 3 6 259 389

[Primary habitats of redlisted] [sum]Old coniferous forest (Mkv) 0Esker (xeric) forests (Mkh) 5 1 2 7 1 16Small-leaved dec.forests (Mkt) 2 2Broad-leaved dec.forests (Ml) 1 1 7 4 5 18Wet (paludified) forests (Sk) 1 3 1 1 2 7

Dry (xeric) meadows (In) 3 7 3 3 3 1 20Wooded pastures (Ih) 2 1 2 5Wet and mesic meadows (Ik) 0Ruderal (xeric) sites (Ij) 1 1 1 1 4


22.2.2006 RE CR EN VU NT DD NA LC CS-old

Parks and gardens (Ip) 1 3 3 2 9

Sandy seashores (Rih) 1 1 1 1 4Seashore meadows (Rin) 1 2 2 2 1 8Paludified lake shores (Rjn) 1 3 3 5 3 1 1 17

Oligotrophic bogs (Sr) 1 1 2Oligotrophic fens (Sn) 1 4 3 2 1 11Minerotrophic fens (Sl) 1 2 3

Subarctic heaths (Tk) 2 1 3

Eutrophic lakes and ponds (Vsr) 0

The comparison shows that the degree of species with an unfavourable conservation status is much higher than has been anticipated. Only about 2/3 of the species with native populations fall in the cate-gory of least concerned.

7.2 Threat factors

Different threat factors may be discerned within different primary habitats. The most severe threat is the overgrowth of abandoned dry meadows originated through traditional farmland practices. Some species that preferently live in these meadows have been able to establish themselves in so called substitutional habitats (or brown areas), v.i.z. man-made dry fields managed for other purposes than biological diversity. Management procedures in these are focused on recreation (sports fields) or traffic safety (air fields and road verges), some of which may change due to changing economic priorities. They do, however, today present a possibility for preserving rare species of dry meadows. Without these substitutional habitats the situation of dry grassland species would be much worse.

In forests the broad-leaved deciduous types possess most of the endangered species. Broad-leaved groves are at present restricted to southern Finland and these woodlands are fragments of historical larger forests and today small in size. The highest percentage of threatened species in Finland is associated with elms as in many other European countries. Elm disease has been suggested as one factor to the decline of these species in Central Europe, but this disease has not been recorded from Finland. As in the case of dry grassland species, so called substitutional habitats play a major role in preserving rare species confined to broad-leaved trees. Parks and gardens present possibilities for these species to survive in man-made and managed sites. The degree of “conservation” is nevertheless diminishing with the loss of old park trees and the introduction of trees of foreign origin. Xeric esker forest slopes have deteriorated and become overgrown as a result of effective forest fire combating. Many xeric species, however, also find refuges in the substitutional habitats mentioned under grassland species. The number of suitable sites is low and dispersion is hampered by long interdistances.

The nationally most important species, from an international perspective, are related to old spruce mires. These belong to the genera Colobotettix and Perotettix.These boreal or boreomontane species are in decline all over Europe (cf. Nickel 2003) and have in historical times probably had a wider range in the southern taiga zone. Due to the almost total loss of their habitat in southern Finland (Kuuluvainen et al. 200�) they are nowadays confined to relic sites protected by the national mire conservation pro-gramme.

Species related to shores have much in common with dry grassland species. Loss of grazing of sea shores and invasion by reeds and alien plants, like the dog rose, have changed the living conditions at least for species of sandy sea-shores. Several sandy seashores are also in high recreational use today and the psammobionts are confined to sites preserved open in military training areas. Noteworthy is, however, the increasing number of threatened species living on paludified lake shores (Finnish “luhta”).


Water level regulation and draining of wet shores for silvicultural and agricultural use all add to the decline of this habitat type.

The plant and leafhopper fauna of mires is in Finland much less endangered than in Central Europe (Nickel & Remane 2002). Still the number of threatened and near threatened species living in oligotrophic fens appears to be growing. Many species confined to these fens are preserved only in large protected mire complexes, whereas unprotected fens, many of which have been drained in the last 50 years, dis-tinctly have a poorer fauna.


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Acknowledgements

Professor F.A.Emeljanov (St.Petersburg/Russia), Mr Gösta Gillerfors (Varberg/Sweden), Dr Herbert Nickel (Göttingen/Germany), Dr Dimitri Tishechkin (Moscow/Russia) and Dr Michael Wilson (Cardiff/UK) have kindly helped me in discussing taxonomic issues per e-mail (abbreviated l.c. in the text).

The following persons have kindly helped me in giving their collected material to my disposal:Petri Ahlroth, Matti Ahola, Anders Albrecht, Timo Antikainen, Olavi Blomster, T.Heiramo, Janne He-

liölä, Olavi Helminen, Antti Hollman, Markku Hyvärinen, Jussi Ikävalko, Jari Ilmonen, Juhani Itämies, Lasse Jalonen, Jere Kahanpää, Erkki Kallio, Tiina Kanerva, Ali Karhu, Seppo Karjalainen, Jani Kirjavainen, A. Koski, Juhani Laaksonen, Ari Lehtinen, Juhani Lehto, Reima Leinonen, Karl-Erik Lundsten, Hannu Luotonen, Pekka Malinen, Ilpo Mannerkoski, Keijo Mattila, Kauri Mikkola, Jussi Murtosaari, Marko Mutanen, Marko Nieminen, Mika Pajari, Rauni Partanen, Juho Paukkunen, Pirjo Punju, Seppo Pöykkö, Juha Pöyry, Tapani Ranta, Yrjö Ranta, Veikko Rinne, Teemu Rintala, Kai Ruohomäki, Kimmo Saarinen, Jere Salminen, Marika Salminen, Juha Salokannel, Ilkka Seuranen, Pekka Robert Sundell, Seppo Tokola, Pekka Vakkari, Anu Valtonen, Bo Wikström and Magnus �stman.

I have received assistance in accessing museum collections by Anders Albrecht (Zoological MuseumAlbrecht (Zoological Museum of Helsinki), Juhani Itämies (Zoological Museum of Oulu), Saana Kataja-aho (Zoological Museum of Jyväskylä), Veikko Rinne (Zoological Museum of Turku) and MattiViitasaari (Museum of Applied Biol-ogy in Viikki).

Special thanks to Anders Albrecht and Veikko Rinne for setting up the Auchennorhyncha database and its web-maps and to all members of the Expert Group of Hemiptera for good companionship in the field.

I thank Dr Robert Biedermann and the anonymous referee for their valuable comments on my ma-nuscript.

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No 31.5.2006/GS CS aCS First Last Al Ab N Ka St Ta Sa Kl Oa Tb Sb Kb Om Ok Obo Obu Ks LkW LkE Le Li

SO F U L G O R O M O R P H A

FAM CIXIIDAE

SF CIXIINAE

GEN CIXIUS Latreille,1804

SG CIXIUS Latreille,1804

1 C.nervosus (Linnaeus,1758) DD NT 1880 2005 1 2 2 2 5 5

SG CERATOCIXIUS W.Wagner,1939

2 C.cunicularius (Linnaeus,1767) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3

SG PARACIXIUS W.Wagner,1939

3 C.distinguendus Kirschbaum, 1868 LC LC 1878 2005 1 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

4 C.cambricus China, 1935 NT VU 1942 2002 1 2 4 2 5 2

5 C.similis Kirschbaum, 1868 LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 3 5 5 4 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 4 5 5

GEN PENTASTIRIDIUS Kirschbaum,1868

6 P.leporinus (Linnaeus,1761) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 5 5 2 5 5 3

FAM DELPHACIDAE

SF KELISIINAE

GEN KELISIA Fieber, 1866

7 K.guttula (Germar,1818) DD LC 1878 2003 1 5 4 5 0 5 5

8 K.vittipennis (J.Sahlberg,1868) LC LC 1867 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 3 3 2 3 5 3 4

9 K.pallidula (Boheman,1847) LC EN 1869 2002 5 1 2 1 2

10 K.confusa Linnavuori,1957 EN¤ 2005 2005 1 5

11 K.praecox Haupt,1935 LC¤ 2002 2003 1 5 5

12 K.ribauti W.Wagner,1938 LC LC 1880 2005 1 5 4 5 3 2 2 2* 3 2 2 5 5 2

13 K.monoceros Ribaut,1934 DD NT 1918 2005 1 5 4 5

14 K.sabulicola W.Wagner, 1952 VU NT¤ 1976 2005 1 5 4 5

GEN ANAKELISIA W.Wagner, 1963

15 A.perspicillata (Boheman, 1845) EN¤ 2002 2002 1 5

SF STENOCRANINAE

GEN STENOCRANUS Fieber,1866

Appendix 1. Catalogus Auchenorrhyncorum Fenniae

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16 S.major (Kirschbaum,1868) DD LC 1994 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

17 S.minutus (Fabricius,1787) LC LC 1943 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

18 S.fuscovittatus (Stål,1858) EN 2002 2002 1 5

SF DELPHACINAE

GEN DELPHACINUS Fieber,1866

19 D.mesomelas (Boheman,1849) DD LC 1875 2005 1 5 5 5 5

GEN EURYSULA Vilbaste,1968

20 E.lurida (Fieber,1866) DD NT <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 2 1 3* 5

GEN EURYBREGMA Scott, 1875

21 E.porcus (Emeljanov,1964) EN¤ 2003 2003 1 5

GEN STIROMA Fieber,1866

22 S.affinis Fieber,1866 LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 4 4 5 4

23S.bicarinata (Herrich-Schaeffer,1835)

LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 4

GEN STIROMOIDES Vilbaste,1971

24 S.maculiceps (Horvath,1903) DD CR 1950 1950 3

GEN ACHOROTILE Fieber,1866

25 A.albosignata (Dahlbom,1845) LC LC 1869 2005 1 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 3* 5 3 5 5 4 4

26 A.longicornis (J.Sahlberg,1871) DD CR 1866 1984 0 4 0

GEN EUCONOMELUS Haupt,1929

27 E.lepidus (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 1995 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 2

GEN CONOMELUS Fieber,1866

28 C.anceps (Germar,1821) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 3 2 5 5 2*

GEN DELPHAX Fabricius,1798

29 D.crassicornis (Panzer,1796) DD LC 1937 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 2

30 D.pulchellus (Curtis,1833) LC LC <1871 2004 1 5 4 5 2 5

GEN EUIDES Fieber,1866

31 E.basilinea (Germar,1821) DD NT¤ <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 2

GEN CHLORIONA Fieber,1866

32 C.chinai Ossiannilsson,1946 LC LC 1922 2004 1 4 4 2 5 5 3 2 2* 5 5

33 C.glaucescens Fieber,1866 LC LC 1879 2005 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 5 3

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34 C.smaragdula (Stål,1853) DD LC 1943 2005 1 2 5 5 4 5 4 3 2 2* 3*

GEN MEGAMELUS Fieber,1866

35 M.notula (Germar,1830) LC LC 1869 2005 1 4 5 5 3 5 5 5 3* 3 3* 3 5 3 3 5 2 3* 3 5

GEN UNKANODES Fennah,1956

36 U.excisa (Melichar,1898) DD LC 1924 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 3 1

GEN MEGADELPHAX W.Wagner,1963

37 M.sordidula (Stål,1853) LC LC 1866 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 3 2 3 5 2 3* 3 3

GEN LAODELPHAX Fennah,1963

38 L.striatella (Fallen,1826) DD LC 1875 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3*

GENPARALIBURNIA Jensen-Haarup,1917

39 P.adela (Flor,1861) DD NT¤ 1942 2005 1 5 4 4

40 P.clypealis (J.Sahlberg,1871) DD EN 1942 2005 1 2 5 5 2*

GEN HYLEDELPHAX Vilbaste,1968

41 H.elegantula (Boheman,1847) LC LC 1869 2005 1 2* 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 2 2 3 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 5 4

GEN CALLIGYPONA J.Sahlberg,1871

42 C.reyi (Fieber,1866) DD NT 1943 1993 2 4 4 2

GEN DELPHACODES Fieber,1866

43 D.venosus (Germar,1830) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3

44 D.capnodes (Scott, 1870) EN 2005 1 5 5

GEN GRAVESTEINIELLA W.Wagner,1963

45 G.boldi (Scott,1870) VU EN 1976 2005 1 4 5 5

GEN MUELLERIANELLA W.Wagner,1963

46 M.brevipennis (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 1 4 5 5 2* 3* 3 2* 5 5

47 M.extrusa (Scott,1871) DD LC 1927 2005 1 3 0* 5 1 2

48 M.fairmairei (Perris,1857) DD VU¤ 1972 2005 1 2 5 3

GEN MUIRODELPHAX W.Wagner,1963

49 M.aubei (Perris,1857) VU EN 1953 1995 4 4 3*

GENACANTHODELPHAX LeQuesne,1964

50 A.denticauda (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2003 1 2 1 2* 1* 2 4 1 3 2 3* 2* 4 5 3 3 5 3* 3* 4

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51 A.spinosa (Fb.,1866) LC 2002 2005 1 5 5 5 5

GEN NOTHODELPHAX Fennah,1963

52 N.albocarinata (Stål,1858) LC LC 1869 2004 1 1 5 5 5 5 4 3

53 N.distincta (Flor,1861) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 2 3 4 2* 5 1* 2* 3* 2* 3*

GEN DICRANOTROPIS Fieber,1866

54 D.hamata (Boheman,1847) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4

GEN FLORODELPHAX Vilbaste,1971

55 F.paryphasma (Flor,1861) DD VU 1869 2004 1 2 2 5 1

GEN KOSSWIGIANELLA W.Wagner,1963

56 K.exigua (Boheman,1847) DD VU¤ 1871 1996 2 4

GENSTRUEBINGIANELLA W.Wagner,1963

57 S.lugubrina (Boheman,1847) LC VU <1871 2005 1 2 4 2 3 5 3 3

GEN XANTHODELPHAX W.Wagner,1963

58 X.flaveola (Flor,1861) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3

59 X.straminea (Stål,1858) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 5 5 1*

60 X.xantha Vilbaste,1965 VU¤ 2004 2005 1 5 5

GENPARADELPHACODES W.Wagner,1963

61 P.litoralis (Reuter,1880) DD NT 1878 2000 1 2 3 5 3 5

62 P.paludosa (Flor,1861) LC LC 1869 2005 1 2 4 5 5 5 2 3 3 2*

GEN ONCODELPHAX W.Wagner,1963

63 O.pullula (Boheman,1852) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 2 2 5 5 2 2 2*

GEN CRIOMORPHUS Curtis,1833

64 C.albomarginatus Curtis1833 LC LC <1871 2005 1 1 5 5 3 4 5 3 3 3 5 5 4 3 5

65 C.borealis (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 1 5 5

66 C.moestus (Boheman,1847) DD LC <1871 2004 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 4

GEN JAVESELLA Fennah,1963

SG JAVESELLA Fennah,1963

67 J.discolor (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2* 5 5 3* 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 5 4

68 J.simillima (Linnavuori,1948) DD NT 1947 2005 1 2 5 5 3 5

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69 J.bottnica Huldén,1974 DD NT¤ 1916 2005 1 5 2 2 1 5 3 5 2

70 J.pellucida (Fabricius,1794) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4

71 J.dubia (Kirschbaum,1868) LC LC 1871 2005 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 1 5 5 4 5 3 3 3 3 3* 3 3

72 J.obscurella (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 5 3*

73 J.forcipata (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2* 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 3* 5 3* 2* 5

74 J.alpina (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC 1866 2004 1 5 5

SG HAFFNERIANELLA W.Wagner,1963

75 J.stali (Metcalf,1943) LC LC 1869 2005 1 1 3 5 5 2* 2 4 5 5 1 5 3

GEN RIBAUTODELPHAX W.Wagner,1963

76 R.albostriata (Fieber,1866) LC LC 1869 2005 1 4 1 5 5 5 5 4 2 4 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4

77 R.angulosa (Ribaut,1953) DD VU 1916 2004 1 5 5

78 R.collina (Boheman,1847) DD LC 1937 2005 1 5 5 4 5 3 4 2* 5

79 R.vinealis Bieman, 1987 LC 1927 2005 1 2 5 5 5 4 2 5 4 4 3 5 5

80 R.pallens (Stål,1854) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 4 1 5 4 4 5 3

FAM ACHILIDAE

GEN CIXIDIA Fieber,1866

81 C.confinis (Zetterstedt,1838) LC LC 1920 2004 1 1 5 3 5 5

82 C.lapponica (Zetterstedt,1838) LC LC 1840 2005 1 5 5 4 3 3 5 5 4

FAM CALISCELIDAE

GEN OMMATIDIOSUS Spinola,1839

83 O.dissimilis (Fallen,1806) LC LC 1869 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 2 4 2 5

84 O.inconspicuus Stål, 1853 NA 2004 2004 1 5

C I C A D O M O R P H A

FAM CICADIDAE

GEN CICADETTA Kolenati,1857

85 C.montana (Scopoli,1772) CR EN <1871 2005 1 5 4 1 0

FAM APHROPHORIDAE

GEN APHROPHORA Germar,1821

86 A.alni (Fallen,1805) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

87 A.pectoralis Matsumura,1903 LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3* 5 5 5

GEN LEPYRONIA Amyot & Serville,1843

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88 L.coleoptrata (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN NEOPHILAENUS Haupt,1935

89 N.exclamationis (Thunberg,1784) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 3* 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4

90 N.lineatus (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 3

91 N.minor (Kirschbaum,1868) DD CR 1950 1950 3

GEN PEUCEPTYELUS J.Sahlberg,1871

92 P.coriaceus (Fallen,1826) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 5 5

GEN PHILAENUS Stål,1864

93 P.spumarius (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

FAM MEMBRACIDAE

GEN CENTROTUS Fabricius,1803

94 C.cornutus (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2* 5 5 4 5 5 4 1 3 1 5 5 4

FAM CICADELLIDAE

SF ULOPINAE

GEN ULOPA Fallén,1814

95 U.reticulata (Fabricius,1794) LC LC 1866 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 5 5 5 5

SF MEGOPHTHALMINAE

GEN MEGOPHTHALMUS Curtis,1833

96 M.scanicus (Fallen,1806) NT LC¤ 1879 2005 1 5 4 3 3* 0* 2 5 2 3* 5

SF MACROPSINAE

GEN ONCOPSIS Burmeister,1838

97 O.flavicollis (Linnaeus,1761) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5

98 O.avellanae Edwards, 1920 LC 1878 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5

99 O.subangulata (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 2* 5 5 5 3

100 O.tristis (Zetterstedt,1838) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 1* 4 3 3 2* 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5

101 O.appendiculata W.Wagner,1944 DD VU¤ 1946 2003 1 5 3

102 O.planiscuta (Thomson,1870) LC LC 1920 2004 1 2* 5 4 1 5 5 4 5

103 O.alni (Schrank,1801) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5

GEN PEDIOPSIS Burmeister,1838

104 P.tiliae (Germar,1831) DD NT <1871 2004 1 5 5

GEN MACROPSIS Lewis,1834

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105 M.infuscata (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 2* 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 2

106 M.cerea (Germar,1837) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 3* 3* 3 5 5 2

107 M.fuscinervis (Boheman,1845) LC LC 1868 2005 1 2 5 5 3 5 5 2 5

108 M.impura (Boheman,1847) LC LC 1869 2005 1 2 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 5

109 M.fuscula (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 2* 3* 5 5 5

110 M.scutellata (Boheman,1845) VU¤ 2003 2005 1 5

GEN MACROPSIDIUS Ribaut,1952

111 M.sahlbergi (Flor,1861) CR 2002 2003 1 5

GEN HEPHATHUS Ribaut,1952

112 H.achilleae Mityaev, 1967 VU RE 1927 1942 2

SF AGALLIINAE

GEN AGALLIA Curtis,1833

113 A.brachyptera (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 4 5 5 5 5

GENANACERATAGALLIA Zachvatkin, 1946

114 A.venosa (Fourcroy,1785) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5 3* 2* 2 5 5 3 3* 3*

115 A.ribauti Ossiannilsson,1938 LC LC 1942 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 2 5 5

116 A.estonica Vilbaste,1961 EN EN 1969 1995 4

117 A.lithuanica Vilbaste, 1974 NT¤ 1993 2004 1 4 5

SF IDIOCERINAE

GEN IDIOCERUS Lewis,1834

118 I.stigmaticalis Lewis,1834 LC LC 1867 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 2*

119 I.lituratus (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1* 2* 3 2 5 4* 3* 3

120 I.herrichii Kirschbaum,1868 DD LC 1867 2004 1 2 1 5 1 2

GEN ACERICERUS Dlabola,1974

121 A.heydenii (Kirschbaum,1868) VU¤ 2002 2005 1 5

GEN METIDIOCERUS Ossiannilsson,1981

122 M.elegans (Flor,1861) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 1* 4 3* 3* 5 2 5 4 3 5 3* 5 5

GEN POPULICERUS Dlabola,1974

123 P.populi (Linnaeus,1761) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5* 5 4 5 5 3* 3

124 P.laminatus (Flor,1861) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 0 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 5

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125P.nitidissimus (Herrich-Schaeffer,1835)

DD VU¤ 1946 2003 1 3 5

126 P.confusus (Flor,1861) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 3 5 2* 5 5

127 P.albicans (Kirschbaum,1868) DD NT¤ 1976 2003 1 5 5

GEN TREMULICERUS Dlabola,1974

128 T.distinguendus (Kirschbaum,1868) NA 2005 2005 5

129 T.tremulae (Estlund,1796) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GENSTENIDIOCERUS Ossiannilsson,1981

130 S.poecilus (Herrich-Schaeffer,1835) DD NT¤ <1871 2002 1 4 2 5

GENSAHLBERGOTETTIX Zachvatkin,1953

131 S.salicicola (Flor,1861) DD RE 1869 1869 0

SF IASSINAE

GEN IASSUS Fabricius, 1803

132 I.lanio (Linnaeus,1761) DD LC 1937 2003 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN BATRACOMORPHUS Lewis,1834

133 B.allionii (Turton,1802) LC NT 1866 2005 1 1 4 5 5 5 2

SF DORYCEPHALINAE

GEN EUPELIX Germar,1821

134 E.cuspidata (Fabricius,1775) LC LC 1840 2005 1 2 5 5 4 4 5 5 3 3* 3 2 5

SF APHRODINAE

GEN APHRODES Curtis,1829

135 A.makarovi Zachvatkin,1948 LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 2* 3 3 5 5 5 5 5

136 A.bicincta (Schrank,1776) LC 1975 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

137 A.diminuta Ribaut,1952 LC 1973 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 3

GEN PLANAPHRODES Hamilton,1975

138 P.bifasciata (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 2* 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5

139 P.nigrita (Kirschbaum,1868) DD NT 1945 2005 1 3 5 2 2 3

140 P.laeva (Rey, 1891) LC LC 1869 2005 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5

GEN ANOSCOPUS Kirschbaum,1858

141 A.albifrons (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC 1869 2005 1 2 5 5 3 2 5 5 2 2 5

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142 A.histrionicus (Fabricius,1794) LC RE <1871 1942 2 2 1 1 1 2

143 A.flavostriatus (Donovan,1799) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 3* 4 5 2* 5 5

GEN STROGGYLOCEPHALUS Flor,1861

144 S.agrestis (Fallen,1806) LC LC 1869 2004 1 2 5 5 5 5 2 2 3

145 S.livens (Zetterstedt,1838) DD NT 1947 2004 1 5 3* 5 5 5 1 1

SF CICADELLINAE

GENEVACANTHUS Lepeletier&Serville,1825

146 E.interruptus (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 3* 5 5 2* 5 5 5

147 E.acuminatus (Fabricius,1794) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 3* 3 5 5 5

GENBATYSMATOPHORUS J.Sahlberg,1871

148 B.reuteri J.Sahlberg,1871 LC LC 1868 2005 1 5 5 4* 5

GEN CICADELLA Latreille,1817

149 C.viridis (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

150 C.lasiocarpae Ossiannilsson,1981 DD EN 1916 2005 1 5 5 1 4

SF TYPHLOCYBINAE

GEN ALEBRA Fieber,1872

151 A.albostriella (Fallen,1826) EN¤ 2002 2002 1 5

152 A.neglecta W.Wagner,1940 EN¤ 2002 2002 1 5

153 A.wahlbergi (Boheman,1845) LC¤ 2002 2005 1 5 5

GEN ERYTHRIA Fieber,1866

154 E.aureola (Fallen,1826) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 2 5 4 5 3*

GEN EMELYANOVIANA Anufriev,1970

155 E.mollicula (Boheman,1845) DD CR¤ 1942 1942 2

GEN DIKRANEURA Hardy,1850

156 D.aridella (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 3 5 5 5 0 3* 3* 3

157 D.variata Hardy,1850 LC NT <1871 2004 1 2* 5 5 5 4

GEN MICANTULINA Anufriev,1970

158 M.micantula (Zetterstedt,1838) DD VU¤ <1880 2002 1 5

159 M.pseudomicantula (Knight,1966) DD NT¤ <1871 2003 1 4 1 2 5

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GEN WAGNERIALA Anufriev,1970

160 W.minima (J.Sahlberg,1871) DD VU 1950 2005 1 5 5

GEN IGUTETTIX Matsumura,1932

161 I.oculatus (Lindberg, 1929) LC 2002 2005 1 5 5 5 5

GEN FORCIPATA DeLong&Caldwell,1936

162 F.citrinella (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 3 5 5

163 F.forcipata (Flor,1861) LC LC 1925 2005 1 4 4 3 4 5 4 3 2 3 5 3 3 1

GEN NOTUS Fieber,1866

164 N.flavipennis (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 5 4 4 3 3 3

GEN EMPOASCA Walsh,1862

165 E.vitis (Göthe,1875) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1* 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3

166 E.pteridis (Dahlbom,1850) DD LC 1950 2005 1 4 5 5

167 E.kontkaneni Ossiannilsson,1949 DD LC 1948 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

168 E.ossiannilssoni Nuorteva,1948 DD LC 1942 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

169 E.apicalis (Flor,1861) DD LC 1948 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 2

GEN KYBOS Fieber,1866

170 K.smaragdula (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

171 K.lindbergi Linnavuori,1951 LC LC 1948 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 2* 5 5 5 5 5 5

172 K.strigilifer Ossiannilsson,1941 LC LC 1899 2005 1 5 5 4 5 5 0 2 5

173 K.virgator Ribaut,1933 LC LC 1943 2005 5 5 4 4 5 3* 2

174 K.volgensis (Vilbaste,1961) EN¤ 2005 1 5

175 K.butleri Edwards,1908 LC LC 1919 2005 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5

176 K.populi Edwards,1908 LC LC 1918 2004 1 2 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 3

177 K.sordidulus Ossiannilsson,1941 LC LC 1916 2005 1 2 3 5 5 3 3* 3 2 5 4 2* 5

178 K.abstrusus Linnavuori,1949 DD VU¤ 1948 2004 1 5

GEN KYBOASCA Zachvatkin,1953

179 K.bipunctata (Oshanin,1871) DD CR¤ 1949 1952 3

GEN CHLORITA Fieber,1872

180 C.viridula (Fallen,1806) DD NT 1959 2005 1 5 5 4 3

181 C.paolii Ossiannilsson,1939 LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2* 4 4 5 5 5 5

182 C.dumosa (Ribaut,1933) DD NT 1950 2005 1 5 4 5 5 5

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GEN FAGOCYBA Dlabola,1958

SG FAGOCYBA Dlabola,1958

183 F.cruenta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) LC LC <1880 2004 1 5 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5

SG DRYOCYBA Vilbaste,1968

184 F.carri (Edwards,1914) VU¤ 2002 2004 1 5

GEN EDWARDSIANA Zachvatkin,1929

185 E.rosae (Linnaeus,1758) DD LC 1955 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

186 E.avellanae (Edwards,1888) DD RE 1869 1869 0

187 E.stehliki Lauterer,1958 DD EN¤ 2003 2003 1 5

188 E.crataegi (Douglas,1876) DD LC <1880 2005 1 5 5 5 5

189 E.salicicola (Edwards,1885) DD LC 1950 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5

190 E.alnicola (Edwards,1924) DD LC 1937 2004 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5

191 E.sociabilis (Ossiannilsson,1936) LC LC 1942 2003 1 5 5 5 5 3 3 5

192 E.frustrator (Edwards,1908) DD LC <1871 2003 1 5 5 3 5 5

193 E.ampliata (W.Wagner, 1947) NA 2003 2003 1 5

194 E.ishidai (Matsumura,1932) DD EN 1948 1969 3

195 E.lanternae (W.Wagner, 1937) LC 1948 2003 1 2 5 5 5 2 5

196 E.prunicola (Edwards,1914) DD LC 1948 2004 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

197 E.menzbieri Zachvatkin,1948 DD LC 1970 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

198 E.plebeja (Edwards,1914) DD CR¤ 1923 1950 3

199 E.candidula (Kirchbaum,1868) DD VU¤ 1970 1975 4 3

200 E.gratiosa (Boheman,1852) VU¤ 2002 2003 1 5 5

201 E.geometrica (Schrank,1801) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

202 E.tersa (Edwards,1914) DD 1995 2003 1 4 5

203 E.soror (Linnavuori,1950) DD LC 1949 2004 1 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

204 E.bergmani (Tullgren,1916) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

205 E.lethierryi (Edwards, 1881) EN¤ 2005 2005 1 5

206E.ulmiphagus Wilson & Claridge, 1999

DD LC 1948 2003 1 5 5

207 E.plurispinosa (W.Wagner, 1935) NT¤ 1976 1991 5 4 4

GEN EUPTERYCYBA Dlabola,1958

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208 E.jucunda (Herrich-Schaeffer,1837) VU¤ 2002 2005 1 5 5

GEN LINNAVUORIANA Dlabola,1958

209 L.sexmaculata (Hardy,1850) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

210 L.decempunctata (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

211 L.intercedens (Linnavuori,1949) LC 1920 2005 1 2* 2* 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN RIBAUTIANA Zachvatkin,1947

212 R.ulmi (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4

GEN TYPHLOCYBA Germar,1833

213 T.quercus (Fabricius.,1777) LC 2002 2003 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN ZONOCYBA Dlabola,1958

214 Z.bifasciata Boheman,1851 VU NT 1976 2004 1 5 5 5

GEN EURHADINA Haupt,1929

215 E.pulchella (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1880 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5

216 E.concinna (Germar,1831) DD LC 1916 2005 1 5 5 5 5 2 2 5

217 E.ribauti W.Wagner,1935 DD EN¤ 1946 2005 5 4

218 E.kirschbaumi W.Wagner,1937 DD NT¤ 1948 2003 1 4 5 5

GEN EUPTERYX Curtis,1833

219 E.atropunctata (Goetze,1778) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 2 3 5

220 E.origani Zachvatkin,1948 DD NT 1924 2005 1 3* 4 4 5 2 1* 3* 5

221 E.signatipennis (Boheman,1847) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 0 5 4 2* 5 5 4 5

222 E.urticae (Fabricius,1803) DD NT¤ 1970 1987 4 3 4

223 E.cyclops Matsumura,1906 LC LC 1937 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 5 5 2 5 5 5

224 E.calcarata Ossiannilsson,1936 DD LC 1918 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5

225 E.collina (Flor,1861) DD CR 1866 2004 1 5 0

226 E.stachydearum (Hardy,1850) EN¤ 2005 1 5

227 E.vittata (Linnaeus,1758) LC LC 1869 2005 1 0 4 5 3* 5 5 4 5

228 E.notata Curtis,1937 LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 1

229 E.tenella (Fallen,1806) LC LC 1936 2005 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5

GEN WAGNERIPTERYX Dlabola, 1967

230 W.germari (Zetterstedt,1838) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN AGURIAHANA Distant,1918

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231 A.pictilis (Stål,1853) LC LC <1871 2003 1 4 4 0 2 5 1 5 5 5 5 3*

232 A.stellulata (Burmeister,1841) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5

GEN ALNETOIDIA Dlabola,1958

233 A.alneti (Dahlbom,1850) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN ZYGINIDIA Haupt,1929

234 Z.pullula (Boheman,1845) DD CR¤ 1943 1943 2

GEN ZYGINA Fieber,1866

SG ZYGINA Fieber,1866

235 Z.flammigera (Fourcroy,1785) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 2*

236 Z.angusta Lethierry,1874 EN¤ 1997 2005 1 5

237 Z.rosea (Flor,1861) DD LC <1880 2003 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5

238 Z.tiliae (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5

239 Z.ordinaria (Ribaut,1936) LC LC 1875 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

240 Z.nigritarsis Remane,1959 LC 1997 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

241 Z.rosincola (Cerutti,1939) DD NT 1970 2004 1 5 5 5 5

242 Z.suavis (Rey,1891) DD LC 1948 2004 1 5 5 5 5 5

243 Z.rubrovittata (Lethierry,1869) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3* 1 5 5

SG HYPERICIELLA Dworakowska,1970

244 Z.hyperici (Herrich-Schaeffer,1836) LC LC <1871 2004 1 5 5 3 5 5 5

GEN ARBORIDIA Zachvatkin,1946

245 A.parvula (Boheman,1845) DD LC 1948 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5 5 5

SF DELTOCEPHALINAE

GEN GRYPOTES Fieber,1866

246G.puncticollis (Herrich-Schaeffer,1834)

LC LC 1927 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 2

GEN CIRCULIFER Zachvatkin,1935

247C.haematoceps (Mulsant & Rey, 1855)

NA 2001 2001 1 5

GEN CORYPHAELUS Puton,1866

248 C.gyllenhalii (Fallen,1826) LC NT 1869 2005 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 5

GEN BALCLUTHA Kirkaldy,1900

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249 B.punctata (Fabricius,1775) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3

250 B.rhenana W.Wagner,1939 DD LC 1948 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

251 B.calamagrostis Ossiannilsson,1961 LC LC 1973 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

252 B.boica W.Wagner, 1940 LC 1991 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

253 B.arhenana Dlabola,1967 LC 1978 2004 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5

GEN MACROSTELES Fieber,1866

254 M.septemnotatus (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 1* 2* 3* 3 5 2* 5 3* 3* 3* 3

255 M.oshanini Razvyakina,1957 CR 2005 1 5

256 M.variatus (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 4 5 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 4

257 M.sexnotatus (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 3

258 M.ossiannilssoni Lindberg,1953 DD LC 1948 2005 1 4 5 3 5 5 4 3 5

259 M.alpinus (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 3 2* 5 5 3 3 4 5 5

260 M.cristatus (Ribaut,1927) LC LC 1925 2005 1 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 2 3 3 5 2 5 3 5 3* 5 3 3

261 M.laevis (Ribaut,1927) LC LC 1890 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 1 5 5 5 2 3 3 4 4 3

262 M.fieberi (Edwards,1889) LC LC 1920 2005 1 5 4 5 5 5 2* 3* 3 2 5 3 3 3

263 M.lividus (Edwards,1894) DD LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 3

264 M.viridigriseus (Edwards,1924) LC LC 1916 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5

265M.quadripunctatulus (Kirschbaum,1868)

DD LC 1950 2005 1 5 3 5 3 2 5 5 3* 5

266 M.sordidipennis (Stål,1858) DD NT 1884 1994 1 4 2

267 M.empetri (Ossiannilsson,1935) LC NT 1926 2004 3 5 1 3 3 3 3*

268 M.frontalis (Scott,1875) LC LC 1936 2005 1 5 4 4 5 3 3 2* 2* 5 3* 3

269 M.horvathi (W.Wagner,1935) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 4 4 5 2 4 2* 3 2* 5 3* 3

270 M.nubilus (Ossiannilsson,1936) LC LC 1935 2003 1 4 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 4 4 2*

GEN EROTETTIX Haupt,1929

271 E.cyane (Boheman,1845) DD LC <1871 2003 1 1 5 5 5 5

GEN SONRONIUS Dorst,1937

272 S.dahlbomi (Zetterswtedt,1838) LC LC 1920 2005 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 3* 5 4 5 5

273 S.binotatus (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC 1866 2005 1 2* 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5

274 S.anderi (Ossiannilsson,1948) DD CR 1949 1949 2

GEN SAGATUS Ribaut,1948

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275 S.punctifrons (Fallen,1826) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 5 5

GEN DELTOCEPHALUS Burmeister,1838

276 D.pulicaris (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 3* 4 4 4

GEN ENDRIA Oman,1949

277 E.nebulosa (Ball,1900) NT NT 1974 2005 1 5 4 5 5

GEN DORATURA J.Sahlberg,1871

SG DORATURA J.Sahlberg,1871

278 D.stylata (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5

SG DORATURINA Emelyanov,1964

279 D.homophyla (Flor,1861) DD LC 1879 2004 1 0* 5 5 3 5

GEN PLATYMETOPIUS Burmeister,1838

280 P.undatus (Degeer,1773) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 4 5 0 5 5 5 2

GEN IDIODONUS Ball,1936

281 I.cruentatus (Panzer,1799) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3* 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 5

GEN COLLADONUS Ball,1936

282 C.torneellus (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 4 5 3 2 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 5 5 5

GEN ALLYGUS Fieber,1872

283 A.mixtus (Fabricius,1794) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1* 2* 5 3 5

GEN ALLYGIDIUS Ribaut,1948

284 A.commutatus (Fieber,1872) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 3*

GEN GRAPHOCRAERUS Thomson,1869

285 G.ventralis (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 2* 3 4 5

GEN HARDYA Edwards,1922

286 H.tenuis (Germar,1821) LC CR¤ 1840 1937 0 1 0 0 1 2 2*

GEN RHOPALOPYX Ribaut,1939

287R.preyssleri (Herrich-Schaeffer,1838)

LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 3 3 5 5 4 2* 3* 3 5 2* 3

288 R.adumbrata (C.Sahlberg,1842) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 5 3* 5 5

289 R.vitripennis (Flor,1861) LC LC <1880 2005 1 0 4 5 2 5 4 3* 5 5 5

GEN PALUDA DeLong,1936

290 P.flaveola (Boheman,1845) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 5 4 3* 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 3 3 3*

APPEN

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he Finnish Environm

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GEN ELYMANA DeLong,1936

291 E.sulphurella (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5* 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 5 3*

292 E.kozhevnikovi (Zachvatkin,1938) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5

GEN CICADULA Zetterstedt,1838

SG CICADULA Zetterstedt,1838

293 C.quadrinotata (Fabricius,1794) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 4 3* 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 3 3 3

294 C.persimilis (Edwards,1920) LC LC 1919 2005 1 5 5 4 5 3 5 5 5

295 C.albingensis W.Wagner,1940 NT LC¤ 1973 2005 1 5 5

296 C.rubroflava Linnavuori, 1952 DD NT 1951 2005 1 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 5

297 C.saturata (Edwards,1915) LC LC 1920 2004 1 4 4 5 4 5 5 3 3* 2

298 C.quinquenotata (Boheman,1845) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 3 5 3* 4 3 2 3 3 3*

299 C.nigricornis (J.Sahlberg, 1871) VU¤ 2002 2003 1 5 5

300 C.flori (J.Sahlberg,1871) LC LC 1869 2004 1 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 1 5 5 3

SG CYPERANA DeLong,1936

301 C.intermedia (Boheman,1845) LC LC 1869 2005 1 4 3 3 3 5 1 2 3* 3 2 3 5 5 2 4 3 5 3 5

302 C.ornata (Melichar,1900) LC LC 1916 2004 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

303 C.ciliata (Osborne,1898) DD DD 1981 1981 3

SG HENRIANA Emelyanov,1964

304 C.frontalis (Herrich-Schaeffer,1835) DD CR¤ 1943 1943 2

GEN SPEUDOTETTIX Ribaut,1942

305 S.subfusculus (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN HESIUM Ribaut,1942

306 H.domino (Reuter,1880) DD LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5

GEN THAMNOTETTIX Zetterstedt,1838

307 T.confinis (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 1* 2* 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

307bT.confinis f.stupidula (Zetterstedt,1838)

LC LC <1871 2005 5 5

GEN PITHYOTETTIX Ribaut,1942

308 P.abietinus (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2004 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3* 2 5 2* 5 3* 5 5 3*

GEN PEROTETTIX Ribaut,1942

309 P.orientalis (Anufriev,1971) EN 2004 2005 1 5

APPEN

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310 P.pictus (Lethierry,1880) CR 2004 2004 1 5

GEN COLOBOTETTIX Ribaut,1948

311 C.morbillosus (Melichar,1896) DD CR 1947 2004 1 2 5 2 3

GEN MACUSTUS Ribaut,1942

312 M.grisescens (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 4 5 5

GEN DOLIOTETTIX Ribaut,1942

313 D.lunulatus (Zetterstedt,1838) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 3 5

GEN ATHYSANUS Burmeister,1838

314 A.argentarius Metcalf,1855 LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 3* 3 5

315 A.quadrum Boheman,1845 LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 0 4 5 5 2

GEN STICTOCORIS Thomson,1869

316 S.picturatus (C.Sahlberg,1842) LC NT <1871 2005 1 0* 5 5 5 0 3 2 5

SG SCLERORACUS Van Duzee,1894

317 S.decumanus (Kontkanen,1949) DD LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 4 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 3

318 S.identicus Tischechkin, 2003 DD 2002 2004 1 5

319 S.corniculus (Marshall,1866) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2* 5* 5 5 5 5 3 3

320 S.orichalceus (Thomson, 1869) LC LC 1949 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5 3*

321 S.russeolus (Fallen,1826) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5 5 5 5 3* 3* 3* 3

322 S.transversus (Fallen,1826) LC LC 1871 2005 1 1 1 4 4 4 5 5 4 2 4 3 5 2 3*

GEN OPHIOLIX Ribaut,1942

323 O.paludosa (Boheman,1845) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 3 5 5 2 5 2* 2 3 2 5 5 5 2

GEN LIMOTETTIX J.Sahlberg,1871

324 L.striola (Fallen,1806) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1* 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3* 5 5

325 L.atricapillus (Boheman,1845) LC EN 1880 1948 0 2 2 2* 2

326 L.sphagneticus Emeljanov,1964 DD EN¤ 1942 1973 2 2 3

327 L.ochrifrons Vilbaste,1973 DD EN 1942 2003 1 5 2

GEN LABURRUS Ribaut,1942

328 L.impictifrons (Boheman,1852) CR 2002 2003 1 5

GEN EUSCELIDIUS Ribaut,1942

329 E.schenkii (Kirschbaum,1868) LC LC 1869 2005 1 2 4 2 5 4 5 5 5 3 3*

GEN EUSCELIS Brullé,1832

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330 E.distinguendus (Kirschbaum,1858) LC NT 1875 2005 1 5 5 4 3 5 3*

GEN EDERRANUS Ribaut,1942

331 E.sachalinensis (Matsumura,1911) DD RE <1871 <1871 0

332 E.discolor (J.Sahlberg,1871) DD CR <1871 1994 4 0

GEN STREPTANUS Ribaut,1942

333 S.aemulans (Kirschbaum,1868) LC LC 1869 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 3* 3* 2 2 3 3* 3

334 S.sordidus (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC <1871 2005 1 2 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 3 1 2* 5 3 3 3 5 3

335 S.okaensis Zachvatkin,1948 DD LC 1948 2005 1 5 3* 5 5 5 3* 3

336 S.confinis (Reuter,1880) LC LC 1875 2005 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3*

337 S.marginatus (Kirschbaum,1858) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1* 2* 3* 4 4 5 5 4 3 5 3 4 5 5

GEN PARAMESUS Fieber,1866

338 P.obtusifrons (Stål,1853) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 4 5 5 2

GEN CALAMOTETTIX Emeljanov,1964

339 C.taeniatus (Horvath,1911) LC¤ 2002 2003 1 5 5 5 5

GEN PARAPOTES

340 P.reticulatus (Horvath,1897) CR 2003 2003 1 5

GEN PARALIMNUS Matsumura,1902

SG PARALIMNUS Matsumura,1902

341 P.phragmitis (Boheman,1847) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 3* 3 4 3* 3* 2 5 5

342 P.zachvatkini Emelyanov,1964 EN¤ 1866 2002 1 5 0

SG PARAGYGRUS Emelyanov, 1959

343 P.rotundiceps (Lethierry,1885) DD EN 1940 2002 1 4 2 5 4

GEN METALIMNUS Ribaut,1942

344 M.formosus (Boheman,1845) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 3 3* 5 4 0* 2* 3* 3 5 5 3* 3* 3*

345 M.obtusus Emelyanov,1966 NT 1990 2003 5 4 5

346 M.steini (Fieber,1869) NA 2002 2002 1 5

347 M.marmoratus (Flor,1861) LC CR¤ <1871 1942 0 2 2 0 2 2 2* 3* 2* 2

GEN AROCEPHALUS Ribaut,1946

SG ARIELLUS Ribaut,1952

348 A.punctum (Flor,1861) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 1* 5 5

SG AROCEPHALUS Ribaut,1946

APPEN

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he Finnish Environm

ent 7 | 2007


349 A.languidus (Flor,1861) DD RE <1871 1942 1 2

GEN PSAMMOTETTIX Haupt,1929

350 P.alienus (Dahlbom,1851) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3* 3 2 2

351P.cephalotes (Herrich-Schaeffer,1834)

LC VU <1871 2005 1 5 4

352 P.confinis (Dahlbom,1851) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3* 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 3

353 P.sabulicola (Curtis,1837) DD CR 1912 2005 1 5 1 2

354 P.nodosus (Ribaut,1925) LC LC 1940 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 3 3 3 3

355 P.albomarginatus W.Wagner,1941 DD EN 1949 2001 1 2 5 2

356 P.excisus (Matsumura,1906) DD EN¤ 2002 2002 1 5

357 P.dubius Ossiannilson,1974 DD LC 1973 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 5

358 P.frigidus (Boheman,1845) DD EN¤ 1924 1924 1

359 P.lapponicus Ossiannilson,1938 EN 2005 2005 1 5

360 P.pallidinervis (Dahlbom,1851) DD NT <1871 2005 1 0 2 5 5 5 5

361 P.poecilus (Flor,1861) LC LC 1869 2005 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3

362 P.slovacus Dlabola,1946 NT 1994 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5

GEN EBARRIUS Ribaut,1947

363 E.cognatus (Fieber,1869) LC LC 1869 2004 1 5 5 5 5 3 2* 5 3 5 3 5 3

GEN ADARRUS Ribaut,1947

364 A.multinotatus (Boheman,1847) CR 2004 2004 1 5

GEN ERRASTUNUS Ribaut,1947

365 E.ocellaris (Fallen,1806) LC LC 1869 2005 1 2 4 0 5 5 4 4 5 5 3* 5 4

GEN TURRUTUS Ribaut,1947

366 T.socialis (Flor,1861) DD EN 1943 1991 2 4

GEN MONGOLOJASSUS Zachvatkin,1953

367 M.bicuspidatus (J.Sahlberg,1871) CR 2002 2003 1 5

GEN JASSARGUS Zachvatkin,1933

SG ARRAILUS Ribaut,1952

368 J.flori (Fieber,1869) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3* 4 5 5 5 3* 3* 5

369 J.alpinus ssp.neglectus (Then,1896) DD LC 1973 1989 3 4 4

SG SAYETUS Ribaut,1952

APPEN

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370 J.sursumflexus (Then,1902) DD EN¤ 1943 2004 1 2 5 3

371 J.allobrogicus (Ribaut,1936) LC LC 1919 2005 1 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 5 5 4 2 3* 3 3

GEN PINUMIUS Ribaut, 1947

372 P.areatus (Stål, 1858) CR 1990 1990 4

GEN DIPLOCOLENUS Ribaut,1947

373 D.bohemani (Zetterstedt,1838) LC LC <1871 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3* 4 5

GEN VERDANUS Oman,1949

374 V.abdominalis (Fabricius,1803) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 3 4

375 V.limbatellus (Zetterstedt,1828) LC LC 1924 2005 1 2 4 0 4 3 4 5 5

GEN ARTHALDEUS Ribaut,1947

376 A.pascuellus (Fallen,1826) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 3 3*

377 A.striifrons (Kirschbaum,1868) DD RE <1871 1950 3 0

GEN ROSENUS Oman,1949

378 R.laciniatus (Then,1896) DD VU¤ 1972 2004 1 5 3

GEN SORHOANUS Ribaut,1947

379 S.xanthoneurus (Fieber,1869) LC LC 1880 2005 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3

380 S.assimilis (Fallen,1806) LC LC 1871 2004 1 2 4 5 5 2 5 3 4 3 2 5 3 3

GEN LEBRADEA Remane,1959

381 L.flavovirens (Gillette & Baker,1895) NT LC 1969 2005 1 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

GEN COSMOTETTIX Ribaut,1942

SG COSMOTETTIX Ribaut,1942

382 C.caudatus (Flor,1861) LC LC <1871 2003 1 4 5 5 5 2 5 2* 2* 2 5 3

383 C.edwardsi (Lindberg,1924) DD LC 1920 2005 1 3 5 3 2 5 3* 3 2 5 5 3

384 C.evanescens Ossiannilsson,1976 EN 2004 2005 1 5 5 5

385 C.panzeri (Flor,1861) LC EN <1871 2004 1 1 2 5 ? 0 2 3 3 2 3 3 3*

SG AIROSUS Ribaut,1952

386 C.costalis (Fallen,1826) LC LC <1871 2005 1 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 3* 2 5 3 2 4 4 3 5 3

GEN BOREOTETTIX H.Lindberg,1952

387B.bidentatus DeLong&Davidson,1935)

DD NT 1942 2005 1 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 3 3

GEN MOCUELLUS Ribaut,1947

APPEN

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he Finnish Environm

ent 7 | 2007


388 M.collinus (Boheman,1850) DD NT¤ 1948 2004 1 5 5

GEN ERZALEUS Ribaut,1947

389 E.metrius (Flor,1861) DD LC 1959 2005 1 5 5 5 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 5

Last recording periods:

0 = < 1900

1 = 1900..1924

2 = 1925..1949

3 = 1950..1974

4 = 1975..1999

5 = 2000.. in 21st century 347 227 303 303 194 228 273 255 131 157 148 161 226 164 153 121 124 98 95 71 48 84

? = may be outside present borders

% in 21st century 89,2031

* = literature record, specimen not seen

¤ = the class has been lowered

bold =new provincial records of this research

1047 46 22 56 111 61 57 99 50 28 46 24 53 75 95 86 31 32 21 19 19 16

% new 20,3 7,3 18,5 57,2 26,8 20,9 38,8 38,2 17,8 31,1 14,9 23,5 45,7 62,1 71,1 25,0 32,7 22,1 26,8 39,6 19,0

Column abbreviation:

CS = conservation status 2000

aCS = assessed new conservation status

First = first recording year from Finland

Last = latest recording year from Finland

Al - Li = provinces

APPEN

DIX

1/21


Appendix 2. Host plants of Auchenorrhyncha in Finland

Note. Species in brackets have not been confirmed by me or any of my collegue.Acer platanoides – Alebra wahlbergi, Edwardsiana frustrator, Acericerus heydeniiAcer ginnala – [Edwardsiana ampliata]Achillea – Agallia brachypteraAchillea millefolium – Chlorita paolii, Eupteryx tenella, Scleroracus transversusAchillea ptarmica – Evacanthus interruptusAgrostis – [Achorotile longicornis], Anoscopus albifrons, Rhopalopyx vitripennis, Psammotettix nodo-

sus, [Psammotettix excisus]Agrostis canina – Achorotile albosignata, Xanthodelphax stramineaAgrostis capillaris – Laodelphax striatella, Ribautodelphax collina, Doratura stylata, Ebarrius cogna-

tusAgrostis mertensii – Psammotettix albomarginatusAgrostis stolonifera – Xanthodelphax straminea, Javesella dubia, Doliotettix lunulatus, Streptanus

sordidusAgrostis vineale – Achorotile albosignata, Psammotettix albomarginatus, Ribautodelphax vinealisAjuga reptans – [Emelyanoviana mollicula]Alnus incana – Oncopsis planiscuta, Oncopsis alni, Kybos smaragdula, Fagocyba cruenta, Edwardsia-

na menzbieri, Edwardsiana geometrica, Edwardsiana soror, Linnavuoriana intercedens, [Ribautiana ulmi], Typhlocyba quercus, Eurhadina pulchella, Alnetoidea alneti, Zygina tiliae

Alnus glutinosa – Oncopsis avellanae, Oncopsis alni, Kybos smaragdula, Fagocyba cruenta, Edward-siana alnicola, [Edwardsiana lanternae], Edwardsiana gratiosa, Edwardsiana geometrica, Euptery-cyba jucunda, Linnavuoriana intercedens, Typhlocyba quercus, Alnetoidia alneti, Zygina tiliae

Alopecurus pratensis – Megadelphax sordidula, Dicranotropis hamata, Javesella obscurellaAmmophila arenaria – [Gravesteiniella boldi], Psammotettix sabulicolaAnthoxanthum odoratum – Ribautodelphax angulosa, Graphocraerus ventralisArctium – Eupteryx atropunctataArctostaphylos uvaeursi – Planaphrodes laeva, Scleroracus russeolusArtemisia campestris – Macropsidius sahlbergi, Chlorita paolii, Scleroracus identicus, Laburrus im-

pictifronsArtemisia vulgaris var.coarctata – Chlorita viridulaAstragalus alpinus – Aphrodes bicinctaAvena sativa – Javesella obscurellaBetula pendula – Oncopsis flavicollis, Oncopsis subangulata, Oncopsis tristis, Oncopsis appendicula-

ta, Kybos lindbergi, Edwardsiana bergmani, Linnavuoriana decempunctataBetula pubescens – Oncopsis flavicollis, Oncopsis subangulata, Oncopsis tristis, Kybos lindbergi,

Edwardsiana bergmani, Linnavuoriana decempunctata, Zygina roseaBolboschoenus maritimus – Stroggylocephalus agrestis, Coryphaelus gyllenhalii, Paramesus obtusif-

ronsBrachypodium pinnatum – Adarrus multinotatusBriza media – Psammotettix cephalotesCalamagrostis – Criomorphus albomarginatus, Anoscopus albifrons, Paluda flaveolaCalamagrostis arundinacea – Hyledelphax elegantula, Criomorphus borealis, Balclutha punctata,

Allygus mixtus, Doliotettix lunulatusCalamagrostis canescens – Paraliburnia clypealis, Acanthodelphax denticauda, Xanthodelphax xant-

ha, [Criomorphus moestus], Balclutha punctata, Endria nebulosa, Elymana kozhevnikovi, Cicadula flori, [Cicadula nigricornis], [Ederranus sachalinensis], Streptanus okaensis, Arthaldeus pascuellus

Calamagrostis epigejos – Eurysula lurida, Stiroma affinis, Dikraneura variata, Balclutha punctata, Balclutha calamagrostis, Endria nebulosa, Rhopalopyx vitripennis, Psammotettix confinis, Psammo-tettix poecilus, Psammotettix slovacus, Errastunus ocellaris, Lebradea flavovirens

Calamagrostis purpurea – Criomorphus borealis, Errastunus ocellaris, Diplocolenus bohemaniCalamagrostis stricta – [Criomorphus moestus], Balclutha boica, Balclutha punctataCalluna vulgaris – Ulopa reticulata, Planaphrodes laeva, Erythria aureola, Zygina rubrovittata, Sclero-

racus orichalceus, Scleroracus corniculus

APPENDIX 2/1


Carex – Megamelus notula, Delphacodes venosus, Javesella discolor, Javesella bottnica, Cicadella viridis, Forcipata forcipata, Macrosteles sexnotatus, Macrosteles fieberi, Macrosteles viridigriseus, Cicadula quinquenotata, Cicadula intermedia, [Cicadula ciliata], Macustus grisescens, Ophiola paludosa, Limotettix sphagneticus, Boreotettix bidentatus

Carex acuta – Cicadula flori, [Cicadula frontalis], Metalimnus formosus, Cosmotettix costalisCarex acutiformis – [Cicadula frontalis], Erzaleus metriusCarex arenaria – Kelisia sabulicola, [Ommatidiotus inconspicuus]Carex canescens – Cicadula ornataCarex disticha – Florodelphax paryphasmaCarex elata – Metalimnus formosusCarex ericetorum – Kelisia monoceros, Wagneriala minima, [Macrosteles empetri]Carex globularis – Cicadula rubroflavaCarex hirta – [Metalimnus steini]Carex lasiocarpa – Kelisia guttula, Cicadella lasiocarpae, Cicadula quadrinotata, Cicadula saturata,

Limotettix atricapillus, Cosmotettix edwardsiCarex leporina – Cicadula ornata, Jassargus floriCarex limosa – Nothodelphax albocarinata, Cicadula saturata, [Metalimnus marmoratus], [Limotettix

atricapillus]Carex muricata – Kelisia monocerosCarex nigra – Kelisia ribauti, Cicadula rubroflava, Cicadula saturata, Sorhoanus assimilisCarex panicea – Kelisia pallidula, Sorhoanus assimilisCarex riparia – [Cicadula frontalis], Erzaleus metriusCarex rostrata – Paradelphacodes paludosus, [Javesella simillima], Forcipata citrinella, Cicadula

rubroflava, Cicadula saturata, Limotettix ochrifrons, Metalimnus formosus, Sorhoanus assimilis, Cosmotettix costalis

Carex vesicaria – Kelisia guttula, Stenocranus fuscovittatus, Oncodelphax pullula, Stroggylocepha-lus agrestis, Cicadella lasiocarpae, Notus flavipennis, Macrosteles nubilus, Cicadula quadrinotata, Cosmotettix caudatus

Carlina biebersteinii – [Hephathus achilleae]Cirsium – Centrotus cornutusCorylus avellana – Edwardsiana avellanae, Edwardsiana stehliki, Edwardsiana plurispinosa, Alnetoi-

dea alnetiCrataegus – Edwardsiana crataegi , Zygina flammigera, [Zygina angusta], Zygina rosincolaCyperaceae – [Javesella pellucida], Neophilaenus lineatusDactylis glomerata – Stenocranus minutus, [Eurybregma porcus], Dicranotropis hamata, Cicadula

persimilisDeschampsia – Criomorphus albomarginatus, Javesella discolor, Paluda flaveolaDeschampsia caespitosa – Acanthodelphax denticauda, Javesella forcipata, Rhopalopyx adumbrata,

Streptanus confinisDeschampsia flexuosa – Stiroma bicarinata, Hyledelphax elegantula, Muellerianella brevipennis,

Anoscopus albifrons, Dikraneura variata, [Hardya tenuis], Speudotettix subfusculus, Streptanus marginatus, Jassargus allobrogicus

Dryas octopetala – Rosenus laciniatusEleocharis – Limotettix striolaEleocharis acicularis – Paradelphacodes litoralisEleocharis palustris – Euconomelus lepidusEleocharis uniglumis – Euconomelus lepidus, Paradelphacodes litoralis, Macrosteles lividusElymus repens – Eurybregma porcus, Dicranotropis hamata, [Balclutha arhenana], Rhopalopyx preys-

sleri, Streptanus aemulans, Mocuellus collinus, [Pinumius areatus][Endogaeic] – Cixius nervosus, Cixius cunicularius, Cixius distinguendus, Cixius cambricus, Cixius

similis, Pentastiridius leporinus, Cicadetta montanaEpilobium angustifolium – Sonronius binotatusEquisetum – Notus flavipennis, Ophiola paludosaEquisetum arvense – Javesella staliEquisetum palustre – Javesella stali, Macrosteles frontalis

APPENDIX 2/2


Eriophorum – Delphacodes venosus, Delphacodes capnodes, Nothodelphax albocarinata, Javesella discolor, Macrosteles fieberi, Macustus grisescens

Eriophorum angustifolium – [Javesella simillima], Ommatidiotus dissimilis, Stroggylocephalus livens, Cosmotettix panzeri

Eriophorum vaginatum – Kelisia vittipennis, Nothodelphax distincta, Ommatidiotus dissimilis, Cica-dula quinquenotata, Cosmotettix panzeri, Sorhoanus xanthoneurus

Festuca – Dicranotropis hamata, Criomorphus albomarginatus, Neophilaenus exclamationis, Dikrane-ura variata, Hesium domino, Jassargus flori, Arthaldeus pascuellus

Festuca ovina – Delphacinus mesomelas, [Stiromoides maculiceps], Acanthodelphax spinosa, [Koss-wigianella exigua], Ribautodelphax pallens, [Neophilaenus minor], Eupelix cuspidata, Doratura homophyla, Rhopalopyx vitripennis, Streptanus marginatus, Arocephalus punctum, Psammotettix pallidinervis, Ebarrius cognatus, [Pinumius areatus], [Mongolojassus bicuspidatus]

Festuca polesica – Gravesteiniella boldiFestuca pratensis – Elymana kozhevnikovi, Arthaldeus striifronsFestuca rubra – Acanthodelphax spinosa, Doratura stylata, Rhopalopyx adumbrata, Rhopalopyx vitri-

pennis, Psammotettix nodosus, Arthaldeus striifronsFilipendula ulmaria – Micantulina pseudomicantula, Empoasca ossiannilssoni, Edwardsiana sociabi-

lis, Eupteryx signatipennis, Macrosteles septemnotatus, Sonronius dahlbomi, Athysanus quadrumFragaria vesca – Zygina ordinariaFrangula alnus – Zygina suavisGaleopsis – Evacanthus acuminatusGeranium sylvaticum – Centrotus cornutus, Batysmatophorus reuteriGlechoma hederacea – Eupteryx vittataGlyceria fluitans – Struebingianella lugubrinaGlyceria lithuanica – Struebingianella lugubrinaGlyceria maxima – [Ederranus discolor]Holcus lanatus – Muellerianella fairmaireiHolcus mollis – [Muellerianella fairmairei]Hypericum perforatum – Zygina hypericiJuncus – Megamelus notula, Delphacodes venosus, Javesella discolor, Cicadella viridis, Macrosteles

fieberi, Macrosteles viridigriseus, Cicadula intermediaJuncus articulatus – Macrosteles sexnotatusJuncus effusus – Conomelus ancepsJuncus conglomeratus – Conomelus ancepsJuncus filiformis – Macrosteles sexnotatus, Macrosteles alpinusJuncus gerardi – Macrosteles sordidipennis, Macrosteles horvathiLamium – Evacanthus acuminatusLedum palustre – Scleroracus corniculusLeymus arenarius – Unkanodes excisa, Psammotettix sabulicola, Psammotettix poecilusLolium perenne – Javesella obscurella, Arthaldeus pascuellusLonicera xylosteum – Empoasca apicalisLotus corniculatus – Megophthalmus scanicus, Anaceratagallia venosa, [Batracomorphus allionii],

Aphrodes bicinctaLuzula – Forcipata forcipata, Macrosteles sexnotatusMalus domestica – Fagocyba cruenta, Edwardsiana rosae, Edwardsiana crataegi, Alnetoidea alnetiMentha arvensis – Eupteryx atropunctata, [Eupteryx collina]Molinia caerulea – Muellerianella extrusa, Xanthodelphax xantha, Paluda flaveola, Macustus grises-

cens, Arocephalus languidus, Psammotettix cephalotes, Jassargus sursumflexusNardus stricta – Javesella alpina, Doratura stylata, Turrutus socialisNuphar – Erotettix cyaneNymphaea – Erotettix cyaneOriganum vulgare – Eupteryx atropunctataPhalaris arundinacea – Stenocranus major, Paraliburnia adela, Balclutha rhenana, Paluda flaveola,

Erzaleus metriusPhleum pratense – Megadelphax sordidula, Javesella obscurella

APPENDIX 2/3


Phragmites australis – Delphax crassicornis, Delphax pulchellus, Euides basilinea, Chloriona chinai, Chloriona glaucescens, Chloriona smaragdula, Cicadella viridis, Ederranus discolor, Calamotettix taeniatus, Paralimnus phragmitis, Paralimnus zachvatkini, Paralimnus rotundiceps

Picea abies – Pithyotettix abietinus, Colobotettix morbillosus, [Perotettix orientalis], [Perotettix pictus]Picris – Euscelis distinguendusPilosella officinarum – Eupteryx notataPinus sylvestris – Wagneripteryx germari, Grypotes puncticollisPlantago major – Anaceratagallia ribautiPoaceae – Laodelphax striatella, Javesella pellucida, Neophilaenus exclamationis, Neophilaenus

lineatus, Planaphrodes bifasciata, Planaphrodes nigrita, [Anoscopus histrionicus], Anoscopus flavostriatus, [Zyginidia pullula], Macrosteles sexnotatus, Macrosteles cristatus, Macrosteles laevis, Deltocephalus pulicaris, Idiodonus cruentatus, Allygus mixtus, Allygidius commutatus, Elymana sulphurella, Thamnotettix confusus, Athysanus argentarius, Psammotettix alienus, Psammotettix confinis, Psammotettix dubius, [Psammotettix frigidus], Verdanus abdominalis, Verdanus limbatel-lus

Poa – Criomorphus albomarginatus, Arthaldeus pascuellus Poa alpigena – [Criomorphus moestus]Poa annua – Deltocephalus pulicaris, [Turrutus socialis]Poa pratensis – [Muirodelphax aubei], Xanthodelphax flaveola, Ribautodelphax albocarinata, Delto-

cephalus pulicaris, Rhopalopyx preyssleriPopulus alba – Populicerus albicans, Edwardsiana candidula, [Tremulicerus distinguendus]Populus balsamifera – Populicerus nitidissimusPopulus nigra – Populicerus nitidissimus, Stenidiocerus poecilus, Kybos abstrususPopulus tremula – Macropsis fuscinervis, Populicerus populi, Populicerus laminatus, Tremulicerus

tremulae, Kybos populiPotamogeton natans – Erotettix cyanePotentilla palustris – Athysanus quadrumPrunella vulgaris – Eupteryx vittataPrunus padus – Alebra neglecta, Empoasca ossiannilssoni, Fagocyba cruenta, [Edwardsiana lanter-

nae], Edwardsiana prunicola, [Edwardsiana soror], Zygina flammigeraPyrus communis – Edwardsiana crataegiQuercus robur – Iassus lanio, Fagocyba carri, Typhlocyba quercus, Eurhadina pulchella, Eurhadina

concinna, Eurhadina ribauti, Eurhadina kirschbaumiRhyncospora alba – Stroggylocephalus livens, Macrosteles ossiannilssoni, [Limotettix atricapillus]Ribes alpinum – Zygina nigritarsisRibes x cultorum – Zygina nigritarsisRosa – Edwardsiana rosae, Edwardsiana sociabilis, Zygina flammigera, Zygina rosincolaRubus chamaemorus – Arboridia parvulaRubus idaeus – Macropsis fuscula, Empoasca kontkaneni, Zygina ordinariaRumex – Agallia brachypteraRumex acetosella – Scleroracus decumanusSalix – Linnavuoriana sexmaculata, Zygina ordinariaSalix aurita – Aphrophora pectoralis, Macropsis cerea, Idiocerus lituratus, Metidiocerus elegans,

Populicerus confusus, Kybos butleri, Edwardsiana salicicola, Edwardsiana prunicolaSalix caprea – Aphrophora pectoralis, Macropsis infuscata, Macropsis cerea, Idiocerus stigmaticalis,

Idiocerus lituratus, Metidiocerus elegans, Populicerus confusus, Kybos strigilifer, Edwardsiana salicicola, Edwardsiana menzbieri, Linnavuoriana sexmaculata

Salix cinerea – Aphrophora pectoralis, Macropsis cerea, Idiocerus lituratus, Metidiocerus elegans, Populicerus confusus, Edwardsiana salicicola

Salix fragilis – Idiocerus stigmaticalis, Idiocerus lituratus, Idiocerus herrichii, Sagatus punctifronsSalix lapponum – Edwardsiana tersaSalix myrsinifolia – Metidiocerus elegans, Kybos sordidulus, Sagatus punctifronsSalix myrsinites – Kybos sordidulusSalix pentandra – Macropsis cerea, Idiocerus stigmaticalis, Idiocerus herrichii, [Kybos volgensis]Salix phylicifolia – Aphrophora pectoralis, Sagatus punctifronsSalix repens – Macropsis impura, Idiocerus lituratus, Sagatus punctifrons

APPENDIX 2/4


Salix rosmarinifolia – Metidiocerus elegans, [Sahlbergotettix salicicola]Salix triandra – Sagatus punctifronsSalix viminalis – Idiocerus stigmaticalis, Edwardsiana salicicola, Sagatus punctifronsSalvia – [Emelyanoviana mollicula]Satureja acinos – Eupteryx origani, Eupteryx collinaSchoenoplectus lacustris – Calligypona reyi, Coryphaelus gyllenhalii, Limotettix striola, Paramesus

obtusifronsSchoenoplectus tabernaemontani – Calligypona reyi, Limotettix striola, [Parapotes reticulatus]Scirpus sylvaticus – Kelisia praecox, Javesella discolor, Cicadella viridis, Notus flavipennis, Macroste-

les fieberi, Cicadula albingensis, [Cicadula frontalis], Macustus grisescensSorbus aucuparia – Edwardsiana rosaeStachys silvatica – Evacanthus acuminatus, [Emelyanoviana mollicula][Subcortical] – Cixidia confinis, Cixidia lapponicaSyringa josikaea – Igutettix oculatusSyringa reticulata – Igutettix oculatusTaraxacum – Agallia brachyptera, Aphrodes makarovi, Euscelis distinguendusThalictrum – Micantulina micantulaThymus serpyllum – Anaceratagallia estonica, Anaceratagallia lithuanica, Planaphrodes laeva, Chlori-

ta dumosa, Scleroracus orichalceaTilia cordata – Pediopsis tiliae, Alebra wahlbergi, Edwardsiana frustrator, [Ribautiana ulmi], Aguria-

hana stellulata, Alnetoidia alnetiTrichophorum – Limotettix striolaTrifolium – Agallia brachypteraTripleurospermum – Pentastiridius leporinusTriticum cereale – Psammotettix alienusUlmus glabra – [Edwardsiana ishidai], [Edwardsiana plebeja], Edwardsiana ulmiphagus, Ribautiana

ulmi, Zonocyba bifasciata, Alnetoidia alneti, [Zygina angusta]Ulmus x hollandica – [Kyboasca bipunctata]Urtica dioica – Macropsis scutellata, Aphrodes makarovi, Eupteryx urticae, Eupteryx cyclops, Eupte-

ryx calcarata, Macrosteles variatus, Euscelidius schenckiiVaccinium – Agallia brachypteraVaccinium myrtillus – Aguriahana pictilis, Macrosteles variatusVaccinium oxycoccos – Scleroracus russeolusVaccinium vitisidaea – Scleroracus orichalceusVaccinium uliginosum – Scleroracus corniculusVachlodea atropurpurea – [Javesella alpina]Verbascum – [Emelyanoviana mollicula]Veronica – Eupteryx origaniPolyphagous – Lepyronia coleoptrata, Aphrophora alni, Philaenus spumarius, Peuceptyelus coria-

ceus, Empoasca vitis, Empoasca pteridis

APPENDIX 2/5


DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Publisher Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) DateMarch 2007

Author(s) Guy Söderman

Title of publication Taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation status of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha

Publication seriesand number

The Finnish Environment 7/2007

Theme of publication Nature

Parts of publication/other projectpublications

The publication is only available in the internet: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut

Abstract The Finnish Fauna of Auchenorrhyncha is richer than previously anticipated. At the end of this 4-year research 389 species are known from the country, which is 55 (17 %) more than was known during the latest 2000 as-sessment of species. Of the new species 13 has been found in more thorough taxonomic research. Thirteen spe-cies are believed to be old species with relic small occurrences in the country. Twenty-six species are considered expansive that have established permanent populations in Finland and 3 species are classified as long-distance migrants.

Diversifying the collection techniques has brought much new faunistic knowledge. Of the known species ca 60 % have been collected with light-traps, ca 40 % with color traps, ca 50 % with interception traps and ca 20 % in pitfalls. More than 1,000 new regional records were made during the research period.

The report highlights the plant dependence of the nymphs. Only 2.5 % of the native species are regarded as polyphagous. Monophages counts to 41.1 % and oligophages to 56.4 % of all species. The high degree of speciali-zation and the tendency for selecting specific breeding habitats increase the rarity of the species and the poten-tial loss of local populations due to changes in land use. Plant- and leafhoppers comprise a sensitive indicator group for ecological impact assessments.

The information basis on the Finnish Auchenorrhyncha has grown considerably. Almost all species, ie. 380 (98 %) have now a good data basis for conservation assessment. Only 3 species are considered data deficient and 5 species are set in the category not applicable. Seven species are assessed to be regionally extinct, 17 to critically endangered, 37 to endangered and 26 to vulnerable. Near threatened species counts to 37 and 255 species have sustainable populations in Finland.

Keywords Auchenorrhyncha, leafhoppers, faunistics, distribution, endangered animals, nature conservation

Financier/ commissioner

ISBN(pbk.)

ISBN978-952-11-2594-2 (PDF)

ISSN(print)

ISSN 1796-1637 (online)

No. of pages101

LanguageEnglish

RestrictionsPublic

Price (incl. tax 8 %)

For sale at/distributor

Financierof publication

Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, FinlandPhone +358 20 490 123

Printing place and year


KUVAILULEHTI

Julkaisija Suomen ympäristökeskus JulkaisuaikaMaaliskuu 2007

Tekijä(t) Guy Söderman

Julkaisun nimi Taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation status of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha(Suomen kaskaiden (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha & Cicadomorpha) taksonomia, levinneisyys, biologia ja uhanalaisuus)

Julkaisusarjan nimi ja numero

Suomen ympäristö 7/2007

Julkaisun teema Luonto

Julkaisun osat/muut saman projektin tuottamat julkaisut

Julkaisu on saatavana vain internetistä: http://www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut

Tiivistelmä Suomen kaskaslajisto on osoittautunut oletettua rikkaammaksi. Tutkimuksen loppuessa tunnetaan maastamme 389 lajia, mikä on 55 (17%) enemmän kuin edellisessä uhanalaisuusarviointityössä. Uusista lajeista 13 on löydetty tarkemmalla taksonomisella tutkimuksella, 13 arvioidaan olevan vanhoja lajeja, joiden reliktimäiset esiintymät löytyivät tarkemman kenttätutkimuksen avulla, 26 arvioidaan olevan tulokaslajeja, jotka ovat pystyneet muodos-tamaan pysyvän kannan maassamme ja 3 lajia pidetään tällä hetkellä todennäköisinä kaukokulkeutuneina lajeina.Keräilytekniikan monipuolistaminen erilaisilla pyydyksillä on huomattavasti lisännyt tietoa lajien levinneisyydestä. Tähän mennessä kaikista lajeista n. 60 % todettiin tulevan yöllä valolle, n. 40 % päivällä keltarysiin, n. 50 % len-toestepyydyksiin ja n. 20% on tavattu kuoppapyydyksistä. Tutkimuksen aikana tehtiin yli 1000 uutta maakunta- havaintoa.

Ekologisista tutkimustuloksista tärkein on kaskastoukkien ravintokasvisidonnaisuus. Tutkimuksen mukaan vain n. 2,5 % lajien toukista ovat moniruokaiset, 41,1 % ovat yksiruokaisia ja 56,4 % eriasteisia harvaruokaisia lajeja. Lajien korkea erikoistuneisuusaste ja niiden taipumus valita vain tietynlaisia elinympäristöjä nostaa lajien har-vinaisuutta ja esiintymien uhkaa hävitä maankäytön muuttuessa. Kaskaat on siten varsin herkkä indikaattoriryhmä ekologisiin vaikutustutkimuksiin.

Tietopohja Suomen kaskaista on kasvanut merkittävästi. Riittävät tiedot Suomen lajien uhanalaisuusarvioinnille katsotaan tällä hetkellä olevan n. 98 % (380) lajilla, kun se edellisellä arviointikerralla oli vain n. 65%. Nykyisin tunnetuista lajeista kolme pidetään puutteellisesti tunnettuina, joko taksonomisten epämääräisyyksien tai toukan ravintokasvitietojen puutteellisuuden takia. Viisi lajia kuuluisi luokkaan ei sovellettavissa (NA) eri syistä. Muista lajeista arvioidaan tällä hetkellä 7 olevan hävinneitä (RE), 17 äärimmäisen uhanalaisina (CR), 37 uhanalaisina (EN), 26 vaarantuneina (VU), 37 silmälläpidettävinä (NT) ja 255 lajin kannat ovat maassamme suotuisalla suojelutasolla.

Asiasanat Auchenorrhyncha, kaskaat, faunistiikka, levinneisyys, uhanalaiset eläimet, luonnonsuojelu

Rahoittaja/ toimeksiantaja

ISBN(nid.)

ISBN978-952-11-2594-2 (PDF)

ISSN(pain.)


Sivuja101

Kielienglanti

Luottamuksellisuusjulkinen

Hinta (sis.alv 8 %)

Julkaisun myynti/ jakaja

Julkaisun kustantaja Suomen ympäristökeskus (SYKE), PL 140, 00251 Helsinkipuh. 020 490 123

Painopaikka ja -aika


PRESENTATIONSBLAD

Utgivare Finlands miljöcentral (SYKE) DatumMars 2007

Författare Guy Söderman

Publikationens titel Taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation status of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha(Stritarnas (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha & Cicadomorpha) taxonomi, utbredning, biologi och hotkategori i Finland.)

Publikationsserieoch nummer

Miljön i Finland 7/2007

Publikationens tema Natur

Publikationens delar/andra publikationerinom samma projekt

Publikationen finns tillgänglig endast på internet: http://www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut

Sammandrag Finlands stritfauna har visat sig vara rikare än förväntat. Vid avslutandet av detta forskningsprojekt känner vi 389 arter från landet, vilket är 56 (17%) mer än vid tidpunkten för föregående rödlisting. Av de nya arterna har 12 kunnat påvisats genom noggrannare taxonomiska studier, 13 bedöms vara gamla arter vilkas relikta förekomster har uppdagats genom noggrannare fältarbete, 26 anses vara nya expansiva arter som bildat populationer på 2000-talet och 3 bedöms för närvarande som långväga immigranter.

Utvidgandet av insamlingstekniken till bruk av olika fällor har avsevärt ökat informationen om arternas utbredn-ing i landet. Hittills har ca 60% påträffats i ljusfällor, ca 40% i gulskålar, ca 50% i fönsterfällor och ca 20% i gropfäl-lor. Över 1000 nya landskapsfynd gjordes under perioden 2002-05.

Rapporten poängterar vikten av stritnymfernas beroende av sina näringsväxter. Enligt rönen är endast 2,5% av alla arter polyfaga, 41,5% är monofaga och 55,9% oligofaga. Arternas höga specialiseringsgrad samt benägenhet att välja specifika biotoper ökar på arternas sällsynthet och populationernas risk att försvinna vid markanvänd-ingsskiften. Stritarna är därvidlag en mycket lämplig indikatorgrupp för undersökning av ekologiska effekter.Kunskapsläget för stritarna har avsevärt förbättrats. Tillräcklig information för bedömning av hotkategori gäller för 98% (379 arter) av faunan medan motsvarande situation tidigare var 65%. Kunskapsbrist anses beröra enbart 3 arter för tillfället och 5 arter anses inte kunna bedömas av olika skäl. Sju arter bedöms vara försvunna, 17 som akut hotade, 37 som starkt hotade, 26 som sårbara, 37 som missgynnade och 255 har livsdugliga populationer i landet..

Nyckelord Auchenorrhyncha, stritar, utbredning, utrotningshotade djur, naturskydd

Finansiär/ uppdragsgivare

ISBN(hft.)

ISBN978-952-11-2594-2 (PDF)

ISSN(print)

ISSN 1796-1637 (online)

Sidantal101

Språkengelska

Offentlighetoffentlig

Pris (inneh. moms 8 %)

Beställningar/ distribution

Förläggare Finlands miljöcentral (SYKE), PB 140, 00251 HelsingforsTel. +358 20 490 123

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Taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation status of Finnish Auchenorrhyncha(Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha)

Guy Söderman

Finnish Environment Institute

The publication is a revision of the Finnish froghopper and leafhopper fauna

(Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) using modern systematics and nomenclature

and combining a vast amount of recent findings with older ones. The biology

of each species is shortly discussed and a link is given to the regularly updated

species distribution atlas on the web showing detailed distribution and phenol-

ogy of each species. An intermittent assessment of the conservation status of all

species is made and the threat factors are shortly discussed.

ISBN 978-952-11-2594-2 (PDF)


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