Taxonomy A Powerful Magnifier with a Harsh Lens
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Transcript of Taxonomy A Powerful Magnifier with a Harsh Lens
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Taxonomy: a powerful magnifier with a harsh lens
Joe Pairman
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Who am I?
Was~ DITA for user education:
– business case– information model, – CCMS implementation– Training
~ Mobile content delivery platform
~ Localization / web delivery
~ Internal knowledge management
Now~ Structured content
consulting and coaching~ Requirements gathering
& solution design~ Pilots &
proofs of concept~ Taxonomy
implementations
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What this session’s for
~ If you already have a taxonomy, how it could work harder for you
~ If starting to develop a taxonomy, why to look deeper than simple labelling
~ If interested in developing a taxonomy, some pitfalls to avoid
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Typical taxonomy project
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CIPD’s DITA content
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CIPD needed to use metadata effectively~ For customers:
– better website navigation– discovery of relevant research and resources– searches, external & internal
~ For authors and editors:– reuse– consistent message– standardized terminology
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Abstract metadata framework
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Applied metadata framework
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Taxonomy
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Using taxonomy values to populate metadata for a map
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Patrick Lambe’s definition of taxonomy
~ A classification system [grouping related items]
~ Semantic [readable terms]
~ A knowledge map [reflects the domain]
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And what they’re good atTaxonomy structures
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The simplest controlled vocabulary: a list
Appfacebookflashlightfm_radiofootprintsfriend_streamphotosgmail...
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App taxonomy — started from a simple list~ Drove content management
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App taxonomy — started from a simple list~ Drove content management~ Powered content improvement
– categorize search queries and support calls into the relevant apps
– compare the subject balance from customers with the effort spent on content development per app
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Hierarchical-type structures: the backbone of many sites
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Hierarchical-type structures: the backbone of many sites
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A hierarchy, in the strict sense
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A hierarchy, in the strict sense
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A strict hierarchy probably isn’t what you need
A kind of wall plug
Not a kind of England
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A tree works well if the relationshipsare clear
Kind of (generic > specific)
Part of (larger > smaller)
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A thesaurus accommodates different terms
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A thesaurus accommodates different terms
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A thesaurus accommodates different terms
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A thesaurus accommodates different terms- and specifies normative forms
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A thesaurus accommodates different terms- and specifies normative forms
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A thesaurus can guide content
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A thesaurus can guide content
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A thesaurus also allows associative relationships
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Terms aren’t the only points of disagreement
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Tree structures invite debate
Is capacity or RPM more important? Etc…
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Facets stop the arguments?
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Focusing and shaping content
When taxonomy exposes a mess
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Possible drawbacks of facets~ Content not consistent (so gaps)~ May overlap~ Can reveal a lack of focus
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Resist the urge to build complex organizational structures (straightaway)
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Find the backbone of meaning
~ What’s actually important?~ Do your groupings work for users?
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Find the backbone of meaning
~ What’s actually important?~ Do your groupings work for users?
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Find the backbone of meaning
~ What’s actually important?~ Do your groupings work for users?
~ Real-life utility is more important than structural purity
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Taxonomy to create the right content in the first place~ Extension of HTC app taxonomy to make
contextual-ish support more relevant
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Taxonomy to create the right content in the first place~ Too many results
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Matrix to create the right content in the first place~ Extension of app taxonomy to make
contextual support more relevantApp Has hub topic?calendar yescamera nofacebook yesflashlight yesfm_radio no...
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Matrix to create the right content in the first place~ Extension of app taxonomy to make
contextual support more relevantApp Has hub topic?calendar yescamera nofacebook yesflashlight yesfm_radio no...
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Matrix to create the right content in the first place~ Extension of app taxonomy to make
contextual support more relevantHub topic
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Matrices often bring clarity— e.g. taxonomy of info needs
~ Very relevant when thinking about DITA topic types and structural specialization
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Taxonomy to shape the entire content set~ Medical device manufacturer’s taxonomy
dictated level of granularity– Couldn’t stop at high-level concepts, but– individual components
(e.g. on a PCB) too detailed– assemblies & sub-assemblies
were correct level of detail
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Knowledge maps — not just for novices~ Every new product or fresh idea
is an unfamiliar domain
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Taxonomy is a knowledge map~ For each chunk:
– For (purpose/audience)– Type (overview, troubleshooting, tutorial…)– Subject matter– You need it because… (you have x component)– The risks of not doing it include… (hazard)
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Taxonomy is a knowledge map~ For each chunk:
– For (purpose/audience)– Type (overview, troubleshooting, tutorial…)– Subject matter– You need it because… (you have x component)– The risks of not doing it include… (hazard)
~ Rule of thumb: if you can’t tag it, either:– It shouldn’t be a separate chunk, or– It shouldn’t be there at all
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Taxonomy is a knowledge map~ For each chunk:
– For (purpose/audience)– Type (overview, troubleshooting, tutorial…)– Subject matter– You need it because… (you have x component)– The risks of not doing it include… (hazard)
~ Rule of thumb: if you can’t tag it, either:– It shouldn’t be a separate chunk, or– It shouldn’t be there at all
~ Tagging the same as the parent chunk (e.g. a map) doesn’t count!
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Taxonomy is a knowledge map~ For each chunk:
– For (purpose/audience)– Type (overview, troubleshooting, tutorial…)– Subject matter– You need it because… (you have x component)– The risks of not doing it include… (hazard)
~ Rule of thumb: if you can’t tag it, either:– It shouldn’t be a separate chunk, or– It shouldn’t be there at all
~ Tagging the same as the parent chunk (e.g. a map) doesn’t count!Avoid duplicating
any inferable info!
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Tools and taxonomy
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Taxonomy exposes the limits of our tools too~ Excel can only get you so far~ Simple CMS taxonomy support may be:
– Lists– Global trees, without distinguishing info type
or metadata field
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Taxonomy management tools~ Essential for thesaurus structures and any
relationships beyond broader < > narrower– enforce rules– accommodate related terms, non-preferred
terms, scope notes
~ Pretty handy for simple trees too
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CCMS: ingest or integrate?~ How faithfully can CCMS store relationships?
– SKOS, OWL, are good words to hear…– “Subject Scheme” can mean many things
~ How easy is it for authors to pick the right terms and apply them correctly?– display scope notes?– enforce appropriate controlled vocabularies, e.g.
for separate facets or lists?
~ Or, how easy is it to fully integrate an external tool?
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Automatic tag suggestions– save effort for authors– also categorize search queries and call logs– check coverage
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Not to forget delivering your reshaped content nicely…
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And looking ahead to the next phase of web delivery~ Source DITA ~ Semantic Web
markup
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And looking ahead to the next phase of web delivery —applications built across sites
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Conclusion
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Taxonomy’s harsh lens must shape content for the better
Users need Users may benefit from… Content is improved by…Groupings that make sense
DIY groupings (facets) • Correctly prioritizing subject areas
• Avoiding contradictionsA search feature that works
A search feature that educates on preferred (or preferable) terms
• Using terminology consistently, but also…
• …including a range of familiar terms
A coherent overall structure
A structure that reflects the domain (a knowledge map)
• Filling in gaps in coverage• Making sense of the domain
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