TASK 7

FACTORS AFFECTING LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES

1. GENDER• Various studies shows that female tends to use

more LLS than male.• Female most likely use metacognitive strategy.• Ehman & Oxford (1985), Green & Oxford (1995)

also stated that female learner use LLS more compared to male.However, no specific studies were done about this factor.

2. CULTURAL BACKGROUND• Bedells (1993) study cited in Oxford, et. al. (1995) was that

learners from various cultural backgrounds use certain types of strategies at different levels of frequency.

• Politzer and McGroarty (1985). The study revealed that Asian students scored lower than the Hispanic learners on the scale of good language behaviours. The researchers concluded that such behaviours represent social interactions in which Asian learners are less likely to engage in than Hispanics.

• Politzer and McGroarty (1985:113-114) claim that classroom behaviours such as asking the teacher, correcting classmates, volunteering answers and other social interaction behaviours such as asking for help and asking others to repeat are apparently more a part of the Western rather than the Asian repertoire.

3. AGE• (Wong-Fillmore, 1979) A study of young children showed

that cognitive and social strategies were very important.• Chesterfield and Chesterfield (1985) children developed

receptive strategies (repetition and memorization) first. Then they developed strategies which allowed them to start and maintain interactions Finally, they developed strategies for the identification and monitoring of grammatical errors.

4. SOCIO-ECONOMICS STATUS• Coleman et. al (1996) started the research on how the

socioeconomic status would affect one’s academic achievement .Elements to determine the socioeconomic status ;

1. Parents’ academic background Parents with higher academic background involuntarily

become role models for their children to aspire. These parents use and provide the correct language model with their children during conversation and informal teaching.

2. Family income Higher family income = more money to spend on

materials that can stimulate the intellectual activities of the children.

5. MOTIVATION•  Ellis (1994)Efforts done by the students to learn

a second language as resulted from the desire and need to learn it.

• Gardner (1985)Level of efforts of someone who learns a language due to his / her desireto do so and the satisfaction when doing so.

• A motivated Language learner will have desire to use more effective and specific strategies to learn the language, while a less motivated student will not.

THANK YOU

REGARDS,NURULHUDA ISMAIL

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