Tashkent Medical AcademyDepartment: Public health and hygiene

TOPIC: HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS choice landThe construction of settlements

Subject: Communal Hygiene

Subject: Communal Hygiene

1 •To familiarize students with the basic sanitary requirements for facilities of personal hygiene;

2 •To teach students methods and techniques of construction projects for the consideration of personal hygiene;

3 •To familiarize students with the protocol to enter into the project.

PURPOSE OF EMPLOYMENT:

The student should know:

The ethical and legal

rules governing the relationship of man to

man, society and the

environment;

The principles of operation of

modern equipment used

in preventive medicine for

the quantitative determination of hazardous substances;

Know the criteria of

ecological and hygienic

assessment of environmenta

l objects

Student should be able

TSN controlled on communal facilities;

Perform visual, laboratory

instrumentation, computational methods

for determining the hygienic assessment of environmental factors;

Conduct sanitary inspection of supervision

and make the appropriate accounting

and reporting documentation.

Requirements for the land plot allocated for the construction of residential houses. Should be aimed at removing the adverse impact of environmental factors (physical,

chemical, biological)on public health and sanitary conditions of

residence.

For residential building plots withdrawn, the most favorable in the naturalregards

located on the hills, away from the noise sources

process emissions,

adjacent to water bodies, green spaces

transport emissions

One of the important phases of preventive health surveillance, which necessarily involved the doctor hygienist is the selection and allocation of land for construction. Land reserved for the construction of residential and public buildings must meet the following hygiene requirements.

1. Be of sufficient size, which will allow, in addition to a residential house, aboutrudovat on it and children's playgrounds, plant trees and shrubs, and in rural areas - to build business premises, place a household plot.

The density of land development is dependent on the number of storeys of the building and shall not exceed 26%:

Number of floors 2-3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and more Building density,% 26 22 21 20 19 18 17

For 16- and 9-storey buildings optimal building density should tvetstvovat with 12.5 and 15%.

2. Have a good filter uncontaminated soil. From that to a largetive depends indoor climate, especially rooms, LAYOUTadjoint on the ground floor. Hygienic value of this requirement isthat is well permeable to air and moisture of the soil is always dry. In suchgood soils there are processes of self-purification.

3. Having a low level of standing water table at least 1.5 meters from the topof land and 1 m from the base of the foundation. Otherwise it is necessary to carry out measures to reduce their level. Failure to comply with this requirement the home is wet and cold. To prevent the penetration of soil moisture in the room is necessary to provide horizontal and vertical waterproofing of the foundation.

4. There must be located in a well lit by the sun and affordable airing area. This requirement will help to adlezhaschemu natural lighting and ventilation omescheny.

The distance between the residential buildings, residential and public, as well as the production should be determined on the basis of data orodolzhitelnosti their insolation.

The distance between the front (long sides) 2-3 etazhnyhzhilyh buildings must be at least 15 m, between the facades of buildings up to 4 floors or more - 20 m.

The distance between the end of the building having the window living rooms should be at least 15 m.

When the location of 9-16-storey houses near the houses of the manor type, the distance between their facades must be at least one multi-storey building height.

5. Have a good natural or easily achievable by grading bias favorable to

the flow of atmospheric water unit water and sewer network traffic.

The most favorable is calm maloperesechenny terrain with a slope of 1-6%, suitable for construction - up to 10%, limited suitable - 10-20% (in

mountainous terrain - up to 30%). The slope of more than 20-30% is considered to be unusable.

7. To be convenient for laying water supply, sewerage, gasand the power to the entrance of transport. If in the village sewertion is missing, the land would be sufficient for the devicelocal sewage treatment plants.

8. Be as landscaping. The overall balance of the area parks, saDov green spaces should be at least 40%. 1 person must be at least 6 meters of green areas lived territoryfirst quarter (excluding the area of greening schools and preschool institutions).

9 is a part of the territory withdrawn by the general plan of development of the village for residential development.

Orientation buildings.Orientation of buildings and premises substantially affects the conditions of insolation levels of natural lighting and the microclimate.There are several types orientatsiiyu.Meridionalnaya - the long axis of the building is located along the meridian orparallel to it. In this orientation, a facade is oriented to the west, the other - to the east. This kind of orientation is recommended for umerennogoklimaticheskogo zone (II zone). Ukraine is mainly attributable to the III belt, just south of the Crimea - to the IV. In warm and hot climates (III-IV) of the facade of the room, facing west, will overheat, and this is not desirable for the dormitories.

Equatorial, or latitude, orientation - the long axis of the building located at the equator, or parallel to it. In this orientation, one fasadbudet focused respectively on the north, the second - to the south. Widely used in the North (north of 60 °) and south (south of 45 °). In this southern facades receive the maximum amount of sunlight and even the northern summerFacades are well lit from the north-east and north-west still not coming sun rays. In southern latitudes, equatorial orientation is determined by other considerations.

As an example, the orientation

of those buildings that

zapreschenysanitarnym

akonodatelstvom terms of

possible overheating of the premises or

insufficient insolation in a

particular climatic zone.

Thus, the orientation of

the apartments with one-way

exit windows on the sector 310-50 ° is not valid

for all zones.

For the III and IV of climatic

zones is unacceptable

orientation flats with windows

on the unilateral withdrawal

sector 200-290 °, because they

will overheat the room.

Focusing on a limited sector

290-70 ° is suitable for two-bedroom suites

and a quart

Orientation residential three-hour insolation areas. the cardinal (scheme). Normalized duration of Sector A (310-50 °) - invalid orieninsolyatsii should be provided netatsiya apartments unilateral withdrawal of windows in less than one in one room, all three climatic regions; Sector B

(200-290 °) - invalid Orientation same room apartments and at least dvuhkvartir for III and IV of climatic regions; rooms four-, five-, shestikomnatsektor In (290-70 °) - limited ori GOVERNMENTAL apartments and bedrooms obschezhitiyatatsiya for two- and multi-room apartments; not less than 60% of the rooms.

Orientation residential three-hour insolation areas. the cardinal (scheme). Normalized duration of Sector A (310-50 °) - invalid orieninsolyatsii should be provided netatsiya apartments unilateral withdrawal of windows in less than one in one room, all three climatic regions; Sector B(200-290 °) - invalid Orientation same room apartments and at least dvuhkvartir for III and IV of climatic regions; rooms four-, five-, shestikomnatsektor In (290-70 °) - limited ori GOVERNMENTAL apartments and bedrooms obschezhitiyatatsiya for two- and multi-room apartments; not less than 60% of the rooms.

Types of residential buildings. In practice, housing construction recovered several classifications of dwellings:

1) semi-detached one-storey house;

2) One storey semi-detached house (cottage);

3) apartment low-rise building (1-2 floors);

4) apartment flats (3-5 floors and more);

5) multi-storey building of hotel type;

6) dormitories for workers and students

In addition to this classification, the housing can be divided by purpose as follows:

1 House with apartments:

a) section type (low and apartment);

b) The gallery type;

c) hotel or the corridor, such as.

2 Dorms.

3. Hotels.

4. Temporary housing in areas of new buildings (barracks, barracks, etc..).

NEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

The method of "academic debate"Divide the group into 2 - 3 small groups (MG). All students offer one job as a situational problem or specific issues related to the topic. List of questions to

be answered by each Mg, specify their value in points.

What are the two parts of the ceiling?

What is the foundation?

List of the buildings

Name the design stage

What types of residential buildings

List the tasks PSN

View situational problem The causes of a situational problem

Steps to solve the problem

View situational problem The causes of a situational problem

Steps to solve the problem

2-group

Expert sheets for working with groups

Fill in the table "Case study

1 group

5

How many classes

divided by the

value of the SPZ

SanPin 0006 - 93:

2 6 3 4

TEST

• - GT Iskandarov "Regional san. gig. problems of protection of water sources' water supply in stationary conditions of Uzbekistan. T. 2001.

• - Sanitary rules and norms of planning and building of settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan 0003-93

• - Sanitary norms of admissible levels of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies 0064-96

• - Sanitary rules of design and maintenance of cemeteries 0086-99

• - Sanitary rules and norms and the optimal allowable building density in residential areas of cities of Uzbekistan 0144-03

Further Reading

extension• - Sanitary rules and norms of designing of

residential buildings in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan 0146-04

• - Health rules and regulations setting up and maintaining public toilets 0151-04

• - Hygiene requirements for institutions, organizations, companies and individuals involved in the disinfection activities 0177-04

• - Sanitary rules and regulations for the use of mobile phones 0189-05

• - Lecture materials.

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