Tariff of Electricity in India _ Electrical Engineering

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    8/30/13 Tariff of electricity in India | Electrical Engineering

    www.electrical4u.com/tariff-of-electricity-in-india/

    Prevous .....................

    Ionization Process

    Ohm's Law

    Resistances in Series and Parallel

    Coulomb's Law

    Static Electric Field

    Electric FluxGausss Theorem

    Working Principle of Potentiometer

    Electrical Power Factor

    Tariff of Electricity in India

    Fleming Left and Right Hand Rule

    Lenz Law of Electromagnetic Induction

    Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction

    RL Circuit

    RL Series Circuit

    RL Parallel Circuit

    Tariff of electricity in India

    Recommend this on Google

    Tariff refers to the amount of money the consumer

    has to pay for making the pow er available to them

    at their homes. Tariff system takes into account

    various factors to calc ulate the total cost of the

    electricity.

    Before unde rstanding tariff of electricity system

    in detail a slight overview of the entire power

    system structure and hierarchy in India would bevery fruitful. The electrical power system mainly

    consists of generation, transmission and

    distribution. For generation of electrical pow er we

    have many PSUs and private owned

    generating stations (GS). The electrical

    transmission system is mainly carried out by

    central government body PGCIL(Power grid

    corporation of India limited). To facilitate this

    proce ss, India is divided into 5 regions :

    Northe rn, Southern, Easte rn, Western and

    North easte rn region. Further within ev ery

    state we have a SLDC (state load dispatch

    centre).The distribution system is carried out

    by many distribution companies (DISCOMS)

    and SEBs (State e lectricity b oard.)

    Types:There are two tariff systems, one for the

    consumer which they pay to the DISCOMS and

    the other one is for the DISCOMS which they

    pay to the generating stations.

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    8/30/13 Tariff of electricity in India | Electrical Engineering

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    RLC Circuit

    Series RLC Circuit

    Parallel RLC Circuit

    Resonance in Series RLC Circuit

    Complex Power

    Resistor

    Vector Algebra

    Single Phase Power

    Single Phase Power Equations

    Reactive Power

    Three Phase Power

    Seebeck Effect and Seebeck Coefficient

    Varistor

    Voltage Divider

    Kelvin Bridge

    Let us first disc uss abou t the tariff of

    electricity for the consumer i.e the cost

    consumer pay to the DISCOMS. The total cost

    levied o n the c onsumer is divided into 3 parts

    usually referred as 3 part tariff system.

    Total cost of electrical energy = fixed cost

    +semi fixed cost + variable cost = (a + b*KW

    +c* KWh ) Rs.

    Here a = fixed co st inde pendent of the

    maximum demand and actually energy

    consumed. This cost takes into account the

    cost of land, labor, interest on capital cost,

    depreciation etc.

    b = constant which when multiplied by

    maximum KW demand gives the semi fixed

    cost. This takes into acc ount the size of powe r

    plant as maximum de mand determine s the size o f pow er plant.

    c = a constant which w hen multiplied b y by actual energy c onsumed KWh gives the running cost. This

    takes into acc ount the c ost of fuel consumed in producing power.

    Thus the total amount paid by the consumer depends on its maximum demand, actual energy

    consumed plus some co nstant sum of money.

    Now elec trical ene rgy is generally expresse d in terms of unit, and 1 unit = 1KWhr (1 kw of power

    consumed for 1 hr ).

    IMPORTANT : A ll th ese costs are calculate d

    on active power consum ed. It is mandatory

    for th e consum er to m ain tain a power

    factor of 0.8 or above otherwise pen alty is

    levied on them depending on the deviation.

    Let us now disc uss about the tariff system existe nt

    in India for the DISCOMS. It is regulated by CERC

    (central electricity regulatory commission). This

    tariff system is called Availability based tariff

    (ABT).

    As its name suggest it is a tariff system whic h

    depends on the availability of power. It is afrequency based tariff mech anism whic h te nds to make the power system m ore stable and rel iable.

    This tariff mechanism also has of 3 parts: Fixed charge + capacity charge + UI (Unscheduled

    interchange).

    The fixed charge is same as that discussed above. The capacity charge is for making the power

    available to them and depends on the capacity of plant and the third one is UI. To understand the UI

    charges let us see the mechanism.

    Mec hanism o f ABT

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    The Generating stations commit a day ahead abo ut the schedule po wer w hich they can provide to the

    regional load dispatch c entre (RLDC).

    The RLDC conveys this information to various SLDC which in turn collects the information from

    various state DISCOMS about the load demand from various ty pes o f consumers.

    The SLDC sends load d emand to RLDC. And now RLDC allocate s the po we r accordingly to the various

    states.

    If ev ery things goes well , power demand is equal to power supplied and the syste m is stable and

    frequency is 50 Hz. But practically this rarely happens. One or more state o verdraw s or one or more GS

    under supplies. This led to deviation in frequency and system stability. If demand is more than supply

    frequency dips from no rmal and v ice ve rsa.

    UI charges are incentive provided or penalties imposed on the generating stations. If the frequency is

    less than 50 Hz, implies demand is more than supply, then the GS which supplies more power to the

    system than committed is given incentives. On the other hand, if frequency is above 50Hz, implying

    supply is more than demand, incentives are prov ided to GS for backing up the generating powe r. Hence

    it tries to maintains the system stable.

    Time of day: Usually during day period th e demand for powe r is very high and the supply remains the

    same. Consumers are discouraged to use excess power by making the cost high. Contrary to that

    during night time, demand is less compared to supply and hence consumers are encouraged to use

    power by pro viding it a t cheape r rate. All these are do ne to make/ke ep the power sy ste m sta ble .

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