Tanir Alweiss : The role of the surgeon in the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer

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The role of the surgeon in the neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer Tanir M Allweis, MD Director, Sarah Markowitz Breast Health Center Kaplan Medical Center Jerusalem, April 30 th – May 1 st 2014

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Transcript of Tanir Alweiss : The role of the surgeon in the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer

Page 1: Tanir Alweiss :  The role of the surgeon in the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer

The  role  of  the  surgeon    in  the  neoadjuvant  treatment  of  

breast  cancer Tanir  M  Allweis,  MD  

Director,  Sarah  Markowitz  Breast  Health  Center  Kaplan  Medical  Center

Jerusalem,    April  30th  –  May  1st  2014

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What  is  Neo-­‐adjuvant  chemotherapy?

•  Chemotherapy  given  as  first  line  of  treatment  for  non-­‐metastaKc  breast  cancer  

 

Aims  of  neo-­‐adjuvant  chemotherapy •  To  transform  non-­‐operable  breast  cancer  to  operable  disease  

•  To  enable  breast  conserving  surgery  instead  of  mastectomy  

 

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Surgical  reasons  for  delivering  chemotherapy  prior  to  surgery

•  Change  an  inoperable  breast  cancer  into  an  operable  one  – Skin  or  chest  wall  invasion  – Unable  to  achieve  clear  margins  –  Inflammatory  breast  cancer    

•  Enable  more  conservaKve  surgery:  – Lumpectomy  instead  of  mastectomy  – Smaller  lumpectomy

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Fisher  B  et  al  J  Clin  Oncol.  1998  Aug;16(8):2672-­‐85

•  Adjuvant  vs.  neoadjuvant  A-­‐C   N  =  1,523

35% cCR  (breast  &  axilla)

44% cPR

80% ReducKon  in  T  size  >50%

67  vs.  60%    (p=0.002) Lumpectomy  rate

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Wolmark  et  al,  J  Natl  Cancer  Inst  Monogr.  2001;(30):96-­‐102

Adjuvant Neaodjuvant

70% cCR  78%

69% OS cPR  67%

cNR  65%

53% cCR  64%

55% DFS cPR  54%

cNR  46%

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Deciding  on  NAC  MulKdisciplinary  team  discussion

•  Extent  of  tumor:  – Operability?  – MulKcentric?    

•  Tumor  characterisKcs  and  likelihood  of  response:  –  Invasive  lobular  carcinoma?    

•  PaKent  preferences

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During  NAC •  Follow  paKents  clinically  and  with  repeat  imaging  to  determine  response  to  NAC:  – For  non  responders:  change  treatment?  – Based  on  molecular  tumor  profile?    

•  Mark  locaKon  of  tumor  with  image  detectable  marker:  – Radio-­‐opaque  – Hydrogel    

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Surgery  a@er  NAC

Breast •  Plan  resecKon  based  on  

original  extent  of  disease  or  residual  disease?  

 

Lymph  Nodes •  SenKnel  lymph  node  biopsy  

or  axillary  lymph  node  dissecKon?

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Breast  surgery  a@er  NAC

•  Mastectomy  – With  or  without  reconstrucKon  

•  Lumpectomy  – With  or  without  oncoplasKc  reconstrucKon

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Lymph  node  surgery  a@er  NAC

•  Clinically  LN  negaKve  – SLNBx  prior  to  NAC?  

•  LN  posiKve  converted  to  negaKve    •  LN  posiKve  

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How  accurate  is  SLNBx  aier  neoadjuvant  chemotherapy?

False  Neg.  Rate

Study

 12.6%

JAMA.  2013  Oct  9;310(14):1455-­‐61.  SenFnel  lymph  node  surgery  a@er  neoadjuvant  chemotherapy  in  paFents  with  node-­‐posiFve  breast  cancer:  the  ACOSOG  Z1071  (Alliance)  clinical  trial.  Boughey  JC  et  al  

 11.6%

Am  Surg.  2014  Feb;80(2):171-­‐7.  SenFnel  lymph  node  biopsy  is  a  reliable  method  for  lymph  node  evaluaFon  in  neoadjuvant  chemotherapy-­‐treated  paFents  with  breast  cancer.  Koslow  SB  et  al  

 20.8%

Ann  Surg  Oncol.  2012  Oct;19(10):3177-­‐84.    The  role  for  senFnel  lymph  node  dissecFon  a@er  neoadjuvant  chemotherapy  in  paFents  who  present  with  node-­‐posiFve  breast  cancer.  Alvarado  R  et  al  

 24.3-­‐14.2%

Lancet  Oncol.  2013  Jun;14(7):609-­‐18.  SenFnel-­‐lymph-­‐node  biopsy  in  paFents  with  breast  cancer  before  and  a@er  neoadjuvant  chemotherapy  (SENTINA):  a  prospecFve,  mulFcentre  cohort  study.  Kuehn  T  et  al

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SenFnel-­‐lymph-­‐node  biopsy  in  paFents  with  breast  cancer  before  and  a@er  neoadjuvant  

chemotherapy  (SENTINA)  

Kuehn  T  et  al  Lancet  Oncol.  2013  Jun;14(7):609-­‐18

False  negaFve  rate DetecFon  Rate

n/a 99.1% SLN  neg  prior  to  NAC

51.6% 60.8% SLN  pos  and  2nd  SLN  Bx

14.2% 80.1% N1  converted  to  ycN0

n/a n/a N1  before  and  aier  NAC

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Conclusions:

•  SenKnel-­‐lymph-­‐node  biopsy  is  a  reliable  diagnosKc  method  before  NAC  

•  Aier  systemic  treatment  or  early  senKnel-­‐lymph-­‐node  biopsy,  the  procedure  has  a  lower  detecKon  rate  and  a  higher  false-­‐negaKve  rate  compared  with  senKnel-­‐lymph-­‐node  biopsy  done  before  NAC.    

•  These  limitaKons  should  be  considered  if  biopsy  is  planned  aier  NAC.

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NCCN  guidelines  version  3.2014

•  Axillary  staging  following  preoperaKve  chemotherapy  may  include  senKnel  node  biopsy  or  level  I/II  axillary  dissecKon.    

•  Level  I/II  dissecKon  should  be  done  for  when  paKents  were  proven  node  posiKve  prior  to  neoadjuvant  therapy.  

•  Category  2B

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OncotypeDx  in  the  neaodjuvant  seXng?

•  In  ER  posiKve  tumors  which  are  too  large  or  borderline  for  lumpectomy  – Would  require  extensive  oncoplasKc  reconstrucKon  

•  If  chemotherapy  will  be  required  based  on  intermediate/high  RS  

•  Chemotherapy  may  be  uKlized  for  reducing  extent  of  surgery  

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Thank  you  for  your  alenKon

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•  PaKents  with  ILC  achieved  a  significantly  lower  pCR  rate  compared  with  non-­‐ILC  paKents  (6.2  vs.  17.4  %,  P  <  0.001).  

•  The  pCR  rate  was:  –   4.2  %  in  ILC/HR+/G1-­‐2,    – 7.0  %  in  ILC  with  either  HR-­‐  or  G3,    –   17.8  %  in  ILC/HR-­‐/G3.  

Response  and  prognosis  a@er  neoadjuvant  chemotherapy  in  1,051  paFents  with  infiltraFng  lobular  breast  carcinoma.  

Breast  Cancer  Res  Treat.  2014  Feb;144(1):153-­‐62.    Loibl  S1  et  al  

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•  In  ILC  paKents,  pCR  did  not  predict  distant  disease  free  (DDFS)  and  loco-­‐regional  disease  free  survival  (LRFS),  but  overall  survival  (OS).