Tanir Alweiss : The role of the surgeon in the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
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Transcript of Tanir Alweiss : The role of the surgeon in the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
The role of the surgeon in the neoadjuvant treatment of
breast cancer Tanir M Allweis, MD
Director, Sarah Markowitz Breast Health Center Kaplan Medical Center
Jerusalem, April 30th – May 1st 2014
What is Neo-‐adjuvant chemotherapy?
• Chemotherapy given as first line of treatment for non-‐metastaKc breast cancer
Aims of neo-‐adjuvant chemotherapy • To transform non-‐operable breast cancer to operable disease
• To enable breast conserving surgery instead of mastectomy
Surgical reasons for delivering chemotherapy prior to surgery
• Change an inoperable breast cancer into an operable one – Skin or chest wall invasion – Unable to achieve clear margins – Inflammatory breast cancer
• Enable more conservaKve surgery: – Lumpectomy instead of mastectomy – Smaller lumpectomy
Fisher B et al J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2672-‐85
• Adjuvant vs. neoadjuvant A-‐C N = 1,523
35% cCR (breast & axilla)
44% cPR
80% ReducKon in T size >50%
67 vs. 60% (p=0.002) Lumpectomy rate
Wolmark et al, J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2001;(30):96-‐102
Adjuvant Neaodjuvant
70% cCR 78%
69% OS cPR 67%
cNR 65%
53% cCR 64%
55% DFS cPR 54%
cNR 46%
Deciding on NAC MulKdisciplinary team discussion
• Extent of tumor: – Operability? – MulKcentric?
• Tumor characterisKcs and likelihood of response: – Invasive lobular carcinoma?
• PaKent preferences
During NAC • Follow paKents clinically and with repeat imaging to determine response to NAC: – For non responders: change treatment? – Based on molecular tumor profile?
• Mark locaKon of tumor with image detectable marker: – Radio-‐opaque – Hydrogel
Surgery a@er NAC
Breast • Plan resecKon based on
original extent of disease or residual disease?
Lymph Nodes • SenKnel lymph node biopsy
or axillary lymph node dissecKon?
Breast surgery a@er NAC
• Mastectomy – With or without reconstrucKon
• Lumpectomy – With or without oncoplasKc reconstrucKon
Lymph node surgery a@er NAC
• Clinically LN negaKve – SLNBx prior to NAC?
• LN posiKve converted to negaKve • LN posiKve
How accurate is SLNBx aier neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
False Neg. Rate
Study
12.6%
JAMA. 2013 Oct 9;310(14):1455-‐61. SenFnel lymph node surgery a@er neoadjuvant chemotherapy in paFents with node-‐posiFve breast cancer: the ACOSOG Z1071 (Alliance) clinical trial. Boughey JC et al
11.6%
Am Surg. 2014 Feb;80(2):171-‐7. SenFnel lymph node biopsy is a reliable method for lymph node evaluaFon in neoadjuvant chemotherapy-‐treated paFents with breast cancer. Koslow SB et al
20.8%
Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Oct;19(10):3177-‐84. The role for senFnel lymph node dissecFon a@er neoadjuvant chemotherapy in paFents who present with node-‐posiFve breast cancer. Alvarado R et al
24.3-‐14.2%
Lancet Oncol. 2013 Jun;14(7):609-‐18. SenFnel-‐lymph-‐node biopsy in paFents with breast cancer before and a@er neoadjuvant chemotherapy (SENTINA): a prospecFve, mulFcentre cohort study. Kuehn T et al
SenFnel-‐lymph-‐node biopsy in paFents with breast cancer before and a@er neoadjuvant
chemotherapy (SENTINA)
Kuehn T et al Lancet Oncol. 2013 Jun;14(7):609-‐18
False negaFve rate DetecFon Rate
n/a 99.1% SLN neg prior to NAC
51.6% 60.8% SLN pos and 2nd SLN Bx
14.2% 80.1% N1 converted to ycN0
n/a n/a N1 before and aier NAC
Conclusions:
• SenKnel-‐lymph-‐node biopsy is a reliable diagnosKc method before NAC
• Aier systemic treatment or early senKnel-‐lymph-‐node biopsy, the procedure has a lower detecKon rate and a higher false-‐negaKve rate compared with senKnel-‐lymph-‐node biopsy done before NAC.
• These limitaKons should be considered if biopsy is planned aier NAC.
NCCN guidelines version 3.2014
• Axillary staging following preoperaKve chemotherapy may include senKnel node biopsy or level I/II axillary dissecKon.
• Level I/II dissecKon should be done for when paKents were proven node posiKve prior to neoadjuvant therapy.
• Category 2B
OncotypeDx in the neaodjuvant seXng?
• In ER posiKve tumors which are too large or borderline for lumpectomy – Would require extensive oncoplasKc reconstrucKon
• If chemotherapy will be required based on intermediate/high RS
• Chemotherapy may be uKlized for reducing extent of surgery
Thank you for your alenKon
• PaKents with ILC achieved a significantly lower pCR rate compared with non-‐ILC paKents (6.2 vs. 17.4 %, P < 0.001).
• The pCR rate was: – 4.2 % in ILC/HR+/G1-‐2, – 7.0 % in ILC with either HR-‐ or G3, – 17.8 % in ILC/HR-‐/G3.
Response and prognosis a@er neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 1,051 paFents with infiltraFng lobular breast carcinoma.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Feb;144(1):153-‐62. Loibl S1 et al
• In ILC paKents, pCR did not predict distant disease free (DDFS) and loco-‐regional disease free survival (LRFS), but overall survival (OS).