levan gvetaZe

mefeT-mefe T a m a r i

naSromze muSaobisas gaweuli

sulieri Tanadgomisa da saWi-ro winadadebebisaTvis vma-dlob Tbilisis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiis (TbilisSi, samtrediis quCaze mdebare) di-

akons, Cems siZes – giorgi xanTaZes.

2014 weli

2

Tu welSi gamarTula ro-disme qveyana, eg imis mefobis dros gaimarTa. mzes Tu ro-disme saqarTvelo gaunaTebia da gauTbia, imis dros yofila; sityvas Tu Zala gamouCenia, gul-sa-simtkice, mklavsa-simagre, eg dalocvilis mefis Tamaris dedobis dros momxdara! is deda iyo, Cven Svilebi... de-dakaci iyo, - kurTxeul ars sax-eli misi! - da dedaboZad ki Seeqmna Cvens qveyanasa.

wminda ilia marTali (ilia WavWavaZe)

ISBN 978-9941-0-7051-8

3

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, zustad rva saukunea gasuli mas Semdeg,

rac Cveni eri mefeT-mefed Rirseulad wodebul wminda Tamars gamoeTxova.

CvenTvis, qarTvelebisaTvis dRemde mourCe-nelia uZvirfasesi mefis am wuTisoflidan ga-svlis tkivili. galeuli rvaasi wlis miuxeda-vad, mouSuSebeli WrilobiT gamowveuli mwuxa-reba Taobidan TaobaSi gadadis da kvlavac Tavs gvaxsenebs. cxadia mxolod erTi: ase gagrZel-deba, vidre Cveni samSoblo iarsebebs, mokled vTqvaT, - samudamod!...

saqarTvelos dedaeklesiis didma winam-ZRolma, - brZenma ilia meorem 2013 weli wminda Tamar mefis wlad gamoacxada, radgan mecnierTa mier dadginda, rom 1213 wels gardaicvala sayva-reli mefe.

qarTveli eris sulieri mamamTavris zemoT aRniSnulma mowodebam, survili dabada CemSi, Tamar mefis saiubileo TariRs mec Sevxmianebodi da damewera mokle naSromi am ubrwyinvales wminda mefeze.

vfiqrob, winamdebare wigni gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iqneba axalgazrda mkiTxvelisaTvis da garkveulwilad xels Seuwyobs maTi sulieri sijansaRisa da mamuliSvilurad aRzrdis saqmes.

avtori

4

wminda mefe Tamari

Tamar mefe qarTveli erisaTvis gansaku-Trebulad sayvareli da Zvirfasia. am udidesi wmindanisa da gvirgvinosnis cxovrebasa da

moRvaweobaze mogviTxroben aramarto qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebi, aramed ucxoel special-istTa mravali masalac.

dResac ki, sazogadoebis gaocebas iwvevs maRal Tanamdebobaze mandilosnis gamoCena da

cxadia, miT ufro qveynis umaRles mmarTvelobiT safexurze warmoCena.

qarTvelebs am mxrivac namdvilad gvaqvs

saamayo. jer kidev meTormete saukuneSi, Cveni samSoblos upirvelesi Tanamdebobrivi savarZeli,

uflisagan umaRlesi sibrZniT dajildoebulma

da garegnuladac umSvenieresma Cvidmeti wlis Tamarma daikava; es 1178 wels moxda, roca sax-

elovanma mefe giorgi mesamem, sakuTari Svili – Tamari taxtis Tanamoziared akurTxa.

giorgi mefem Tanamesaydreobis xuTi-eqvsi

wlis manZilze Zal-Rone ar daiSura imisaTvis, rom Tamari Rirseul mefed Camoyalibebuliyo.

1184 wlis martis miwuruls mefe giorgi

mesame gardaicvala. im mdgomareobis saTavisod gamosayeneblad

da qveyanaSi SinaaSlilobis gamosawvevad, mefis

5

mier damarcxebulma da samarTlianad dasjilma didgvarovnebma, Tamaris taxtis sakiTxi sadavod aqcies. swored amitom, Tamari saqarTvelos same-

fo taxtze saswrafod ganmeorebiT akurTxes. kurTxevis rituali lixTimerelma war-

Cinebulebma da saeklesio moRvaweebma: quTaTelma

episkoposma – antonma da raWa-Takveris erisTavma kaxaberma aRasrules. am ukanasknelma ki, Tamars

jaris mTavarsardlobis da samefos uzenaesi winamZRolobis dasturad xmali Semoartya welze.

Tamaris gamefebiT, Tavdapirvelad gaixares Cvenma tradiciulad Casafrebulma mtrebma: os-malebma da sparselebma. isini darwmunebulni iyv-

nen imaSi, rom qali Tavs ver gaarTmevda qveynis winamZRolobas, verc maT winaaRmdeg brZolas

gabedavda da Zalian male, saqarTvelos kiserze uRels daadebdnen.

rogor mwaredac motyuvdnen Cveni samSob-

los moZuleni, es yovelive, Semdgomma istori-ulma movlenebma cxadhyo.

Tamaris gamefebis oficialuri sazeimo

ritualis damTavrebisTanave, qveynisadmi ara-

keTilganwyobilad moqmedma didebulTa garkve-

ulma jgufma, meWurWleTuxuces yuTlu-arslanis momxreebTan erTad, axalgazrda Tamar mefes ori moTxovna wauyena:

6

ori mefe: Tamari da giorgi III

7

pirveli. mefe giorgi mesames mier, sax-elmwifo marTva-gamgeobis sferoSi dawinaurebu-li niWieri, magram STamomavlobiT dabali war-

momavlobis moxeleTa saswrafod daTxovna da maT adgilebze didgvarovanTa aRdgena-daniSvna;

meore. saxelmwifos marTva-gamgeobis

struqturaSi sagangebo dawesebulebis - `kara-vis~ Seqmna.

didgvarovanma aznaurebma erTsulovnad ga-nucxades Tamar mefes, rom aRar daemorCilebod-nen `ugvaro~ didmoxeleebs da amitom, dauy-

ovnebliv moiTxoves maTTvis Tanamdebobebis Ca-morTmeva.

saqme imaSi iyo, rom aseT `ugvaroTa~ So-

ris, iseTi adamianebi sWarbobdnen, romlebmac qveynisa da giorgi mefisadmi erTguli msax-

urebiT gamoiCines Tavi. gaficulma didgvarovnebma, umTavresad mi-

zanSi amoiRes samSoblos WeSmaritad Rirseuli

Svilebi: amirspasalari yubasari da msaxurTux-ucesi afridoni.

marTalia, es orive pirovneba giorgi mefisa

da TamarisTvisac yvelaze erTguli moxeleebi

iyvnen, magram saxelmwifoSi Seqmnili rTuli

politikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, saqar-Tvelos samefo kari iZulebuli gaxda daTmobaze wasuliyo da qveynisaTvis Tavdadebuli vazirebi

Tanamdebobidan gaenTavisuflebina.

8

Tamaris iniciativiT, samefo karis mier gadadgmuli es iZulebiTi nabiji garkveulwilad SeiZleba mefis mcire marcxadac iqnas miCneuli.

ganTavisuflebuli adgilebis dasakaveblad, didgvarovanTa Soris gaCaRda brZola, romelSic sakuTari programiT warmoCnda mefis vaziri

yuTlu-arslan meWurWleTuxucesi. mas konkre-tuli politikuri mizani amoZravebda da guliT

ewada amirspasalaroba, rac dRevandeli Tav-dacvis ministrobis tolfasia. garda amisa, mis-ive surviliT, saxelmwifos mmarTvelobaSi

garkveuli struqturuli cvlilebebi unda momxdariyo da aucileblad Seqmniliyo `karavi~.

gaficulebs axali saxelmwifo dawesebu-

lebis dafuZneba Tbilisis cnobil ubanSi, maSin-del isanSi (axlandeli avlabari) surdaT. imave

teritoriaze funqcionirebda saqarTvelos uma-Rlesi saxelmwifo dawesebuleba - `darbazi~ da mefis sasaxlec.

darbazis mowvevis uflebamosileba mxolod mefes hqonda.

yuTlu-arslanis mizani darbazis gauqmebasa

da mefis sasaxlis gverdiT, karavis fun-

qcionirebas iTvaliswinebda, Tanac ise, rom did-

gvarovnebs mefisagan damoukideblad da mis Caurevlad gadaewyvitaT qveynis marTvisa da uze-naes marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebuli sa-

kiTxebi.

9

gaficulTa mxridan, saxelmwifos marTvis aseTi saxiT mowyobaze Tanxmoba, raRa Tqma unda, faqtiurad niSnavda mefis Zalauflebis gauqmebas.

ase rom, sruliad daufaravad, yuTlu-arslani da misi mxardamWerebi saxelmwifo Za-lauflebis xelSi Cagdebas da mefisaTvis kanon-

mdeblobiT uflebamosilebis CamorTmevas lamob-dnen.

Tavis uerTgules da uaxloes adamianebTan moTaTbirebis Semdeg, didma mefem yuTlu-arslanis dasapatimreblad gankarguleba gasca.

winamZRolis Sepyrobas Seficulebis aRS-foTeba mohyva. maT iaraRi aiRes xelSi da Tamars ultimatumiT miadgnen sasaxleSi, meTauris

saswrafod gasanTavisufleblad. Tamar mefem samefo karTan erTad, goni-

vrulad Seafasa SeTqmulebaSi monawileTa sur-vili da daaskvna, rom moTxovnis Sesruleba qveynis mefis `xelmwifobis dasasrulis~ tol-

fasi iqneboda. gaficulTa Tavkacis dapatimrebam, aznau-

rul opoziciaSi sakmao meryeoba gamoiwvia,

riTac droulad isargebla uWkvianesma Tamar

mefem da Tavisi politikuri gamarjveba

mowinaaRmedge frTis erTsulovnebis dasustebaze aago. axla ukve, opozicionerebi mefis uflebaTa SezRudvis mraval sakiTxSi veRar Tanxmdebodnen

da gansxvavebulad azrovnebdnen.

10

amrigad, qveynis Sinauri viTareba kvlavin-deburad mZime da arastabiluri rCeboda. auci-lebeli Seiqna mdgomareobis umal ganmuxtva.

gonierma Tamarma, qarTvelTa Soris sis-xlisRvris asacileblad, yuTlu-arslanis mom-xreebTan Sesarigeblad da saerTo enis gamosanax-

ad, ori Rirseuli da Wkviani mandilosani: kravai jayeli da xvaSaq coqali wargzavna.

sasurveli Sedegi gamoiRo Tamar dedoflis sibrZnem da qarTvel mandilosanTa mociqulobam goneba gaunaTa ajanyebulebs. maT iaraRi dayares

da TiToeuli maTgani maSinve `movides winaSe Tamarisa da davrdomiT Tayvanisces, da aRiRes fici patronisagan (Tamarisagan), da misces piri

erTgulebisa da nebis yofisa Tvisisa~. wargzavnilebma daiTanxmes gandgomilni,

romelTac mefisagan uvneblobis dasturi miiRes. samefo karma yuTlu-arslanic ki ar dasaja da yvelani uvneblad daubruna Tav-TavianT ojaxebs.

wuTisofelSi xanmokle cxovrebis miuxeda-vad, qveynisaTvis sasicocxlod umniSvnelovanes dros, mravaljer, swored aseTi brZnuli gad-

awyvetilebebis miRebis gamo, keTilmosurne Tamar

mefem qalis patiosani mandilisaTvis TvalSeu-

wvdeneli simaRlis miniWeba SesZlo. `karavis~ dafuZneba uaryofil iqna. Tumca, aRarc mefes darCa sax-

elmwifoebrivi sakiTxebis erTpirovnulad gad-

11

awyvetis ufleba da awi ukve mas sakiTxebi unda gadaeWra samefo darbazSi CarTul didebulebTan erToblivad. amgvarad, didgvarovanTa sakrebulo

darbazi mefis Tanamonawile gaxda. udavod, es mefis Zalauflebis ramdenadme SezRudvas mainc moaswavebda, magram Tu gaviTavaliswinebT did-

gvarovnebs Soris interesTa gansxvavebebs, aseTi struqtura qveyanas saSiSroebas ver Seuqmnida,

vinaidan dapirispirebul jgufSi, TiTqmis nebismier sferoSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba sufevda.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am urTierTdaTmobi-

Ti gadawyvetilebebis miRebiT, sabolood arcer-Ti mxare mTlianad kmayofili mainc ar darCe-nila.

didgvarovanTa mxridan, mefis sawinaaRmde-god azvirTebuli gamosvla, SeiZleba iTqvas,

kraxiT dasrulda, Tumca, Tamaric iZulebuli gaxda raRac daTmobebze mainc wasuliyo.

Zalian male, qveyana sruliad damSvidda.

misi mowinaaRmdege mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli miqaelis gardacvalebisTanave, Tamar-ma axal vezirTa daniSvna moaxdina Tanamdebobeb-

ze:

`mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidlad da vezirad

daamtkices antoni, amirspasalarad – sargis mxargrZeli, mandaturTuxucesad – Wiaberi, meWurWleTuxucesad – kaxaber vardanis Ze,

amiraxorad – gamrekel Toreli, msaxurTux-

12

ucesad – vardan dadiani, CuxCarexad – maruSiani. adgilebze ki `erisTavni mis Jamisani eseni iyvnen: basim vardanis Ze – vanTa erisTavad; kaxaber kax-

aberis Ze – raWisa da Takveris erisTavad da oTaRo SarvaSis Ze – cxumis erisTavad; amanelis Ze – argveTis erisTavad da odiSis erisTavad –

bediani. lixT ameriT: qarTlis erisTavad-rati surameli, da kaxeTis erisTavad – bakur-yma

Zaganis Ze da hereTis erisTavad grigolis Ze asaT; da samcxis erisTavad da spasalarad aCines boco jayeli~.

mefis ufleba-movaleobani kvlav gaizarda da Tamari samefo darbazis mxardaWeriT, qveynis aRmSeneblobiT marTvas Seudga. samefo karTan

erTad, darbazis sxdomebze wydeboda sax-elmwifos umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebi.

1185 welia. saqarTvelosa da ruseTs erTmaneTTan

savsebiT normaluri urTierToba aqvs.

Tamaris mamida rusudanma, patriarqma, er-ismTavarTa nawilma da rigma warCinebulebma gad-awyvites mefisaTvis saswrafod Rirseuli saq-

mros moZieba. yvelas anerviulebs Tamaris

martoxeloba da fiqrobs imaze, rom qveyanas rac

SeiZleba male mouvlinos kanonieri memkvidre-STamomavali, xolo jars-sardali.

swored amitomac, naCqarevad, TamarTan

SeTanxmebis gareSe SearCies didgvarovnebma

13

ruseTis suzdalis didi mTavris – andria bo-goliubskis vaJi – iuri, mefis saqmrod.

Tamari im qorwinebis winaaRmdegi iyo, ma-

gram arc is surda, rom mowinave mmarTvel wresTan urTierToba gaemwvavebina da iZulebuli Seiqna sakuTari nebis sapirispiro gad-

awyvetilebas daTanxmeboda; TumcaRa, ramdenjerme iTxova: ar aCqarebuliyvnen, kargad gaerkviaT da

aewonaT sasiZos yofa-cxovrebis, gonierebisa da saerTod misi adamianuri bunebis sruli av-kargianoba.

darbazis sxdomaze, qristeanuli ruseTis samefo-suzdalis saxelovani mTavris Svili, saqarTvelos mefis sasurvel qmrad scnes.

Tbilisis amiras, - abulasanis winadadebiT SerCeuli da darbazis mier mowonebuli sasiZo,

romelic im droisaTvis, biZamisis brZanebiT gaZevebuli iyo suzdalidan da yivCaReTs afarebda Tavs, samefo karis davalebiT didma

vaWarma, - zanqan zorababelma TbilisSi Caoiyvana. zemoT ukve iTqva, rom gamarTuli sja-

baasis miuxedavad, yvelaferi umal gadawyda da

mefis `cilobis Tvinier nebisa misisa yves qor-

wili~, romlis gvirgvinad, qarTvelebma giorgi

rusis sardlobiT karniforasa da karsSi, xolo cota mogvianebiT, parTiaSi ilaSqres da didi nadavliT dabrundnen qveynaSi.

14

savaraudod, im brZolebSi, rus mTavar giorgis Tavi ar Seurcxvenia.

drois Zalian mokle periodi dasWirda

Tamaris daJinebuli winaswarmetyvelebis gamarTlebas, simTvralis moyvaruli da yo-velmxriv uzneo bunebis kaci aRmoCnda ruseTis

saxelmoxveWili mTavris Svili da rac usaTuod saTqmelia, imdenad uRirsi, rom `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ (`cxovreba mefeT-mefe Tamarisi~) basili ezosmoZRvars SeuZleblad miaCnia masze saubari da ase ambobs:

- `gamoaCndebodes russa skviTurni viTar naRebTa bunebiTni. da simTvraleTa Sina saZagel-Ta uwesoebad iwyo mravalTa, romelTaTvis

nametnav ars werad da Tqumad, raTa ara sigrZed miiwios sityua~.

ornaxevari weli Tamarma didi moTminebiT aitana rusis yovlad uzneo saqcieli, xolo Semdgom, eklesiis msaxurebs sTxova zegavlena

moexdinaT giorgize da erCiaT misTvis cxovrebis ugvan wess ganSoreboda.

samwuxarod, yvela cdam fuWad Caiara da

araviTari sasikeTo Sedegi ar gamoiRo.

amis Semdeg, Tamar mefem pirispir saubarSi

amxila qmris miuRebeli saqcieli da misi sur-vilis SemTxvevaSi Tanadgoma aRuTqva im mizniT, rom orives erTad eRonaT yvelaferi mavne

Cvevisagan gansakurneblad.

15

Tamaris mxridan, aseTi keTili nebis gam-ovlenis miuxedavad, kidev ufro metad gamZin-varda `rusi, viTarca RmrTisagan safarvel-

moZurculi. viTar ityvis werili, `vkurnebdiT babilons da ara ikurneboda~. ara Tu oden ara Seigona, aramed uZviresTa mimarT iwyo da

Seracxilnica kacni ubralod guemna da asoTa aRmogdebiTa tanjna~.

axla ukve, sxva gza-gamosavali aRar darCe-noda Tamars, garda giorgi rusTan ganSorebisa.

mefis darbazis erTsulovani gad-

awyvetilebiT rusi mTavari saqarTvelodan gaaZeves. istorikos-mkvlevarTa umetesobis az-riT, es faqti 1187-88 wlebSi unda momxdariyo.

saxelovani rusi mTavris vaJis saqarTve-loSi Camoyvana da mefeze qmrad xeldasxma

qveynis maRali socialuri fenebis sakmaod gavleniani adamianebis Sors gamiznul garkveul politikur gegmebs iTvaliswinebda da maTi ganx-

orcieleba did zians uqadda Cvens samSoblos. saqarTvelos mefis qmaryofilma datova

Cveni qveyana da bizantiis qalaq konstantino-

polSi gadavida sacxovreblad.

pirveli qorwinebidan oTxi wlis Semdeg,

Tamars erToblivi gadawyvetilebiT qmrad SerTes, saqarTvelos samefo karze rusudanis (Tamaris mamidis) mier aRzrdili, osTa saxelo-

vani mefe jadaronis Svili, bagrationTa

16

sagvareulos uaxloesi sisxlxorceuli naTesavi – daviT soslani.

basili ezosmoZRvari `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~

(`cxovreba mefeT-mefis Tamarisi~) aRniSnavs, rom daviTi yofila `mxne da mxedari Zlieri, rain-dobiTa usworo da mSvildosnobiTa Semmar-

Tebeli, taniT axovani da yovliTurT sikeTiTa~. marTalia, im qorwinebas didgvarovanTa

umetesoba mxars uWerda, magram ukmayofiloTa raodenobac sakmaod sagulisxmo yofila Turme. mowinaaRmdegeTa SedarebiT mcirericxovan jgufs

simSvidis politika aurCevia da davisagan Tavi Seukavebia.

cnobili istorikosi roin metreveli aR-

niSnavs, rom: vaxuSti bagrationis mtkicebiT, daviT soslani bagrationTa osuri Stos war-

momadgeneli iyo da masSi qarTuli genic eria, vinaidan aramxolod mamis, aramed dedis mxrida-nac enaTesaveboda mefe giorgi pirvels da amis

dasadastureblad Semdeg arguments iSveliebs: - giorgi pirvelis Svils (demetres)

anakofiaSi hyolia vaJi daviTi, romelsac gaWir-

vebis Jams, sakuTar bebia aldesTan erTad,

sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad oseTisaTvis Seufa-

rebia Tavi. iq daqorwinebula osTa mefis asulze da bunebrivia, gamxdara im mxaris mefe. daqor-winebulebs SeZeniaT vaJi aToni, aTons-jadaroni,

xolo jadarons, – daviT soslani.

17

1189 wels Tamarma da daviT soslanma iqorwines didubis sasaxleSi.

iqidan moyolebuli isini erTad agvarebdnen

saxelmwifo saqmeebs, awesrigebdnen saSinao da sagareo sakiTxebs; erTi sityviT, WeSmaritad Rirseuli Tanamewyvileni gamodgnen.

SoTa rusTaveli genialuri `vefxistyaosan-is~ dasawyisSive, uzenaesisadmi warmoTqmuli sa-

didebeli sityvebis Semdeg brZanebs: `vis hSvenis, - lomsa, - xmareba Subisa,

far-SimSerisa,

- mefisa mzis Tamarisa, Rawv-badaxS, Tma-giSerisa,-

mas ara vici, Sevhkadro Sesxma xotbisa, Se,

risa, misTa mWvretelTa yandisa mirTma xams

marT, mi, Serisa~. avtori xotbas asxams mzesaviT umSvenieres

Tamars da mis SubiTa da far-xmaliT damSvenebul

loms. am ukvdavi poemis dasasrulSi lomi ukve pirdapir daviTadaa moxsenebuli.

ase rom, eWvs gareSea `Tamaris lomi misi

meuRle daviTia~.

giorgi rusis saqarTvelodan gaZevebisTa-

nave, Tamaris qmrobis mravali msurveli gamoCnda asparezze. ufliswulTa umravlesoba, cxadia, qristeani iyo; Tumca, kandidat sasiZoTa Soris

ramdenime, sxva religiuri aRmsareblobis mim-

18

devaric eria, romlebmac miznis misaRwevad daT-mes sakuTari tradiciuli sarwmunoeba da qri-steanoba aRiares.

gavixsenoT Tamaris meuRleobaze meocnebe mutafradini, romelmac mSoblebis sastiki winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, uaryo misTvis sa-

Tayvano muhamedis rjuli – musulmanoba da sa-kuTari sasaxlis karis didebulebTan erTad,

uamravi ZvirfaseulobiT Camovida saqarTveloSi sasurveli mefe-qalis xelis saTxovnelad.

samefo karze, Tamaris qmrobis mosurne mu-

tafradini, Cveni tradiciisaTvis Sesaferisi stumarTmoyvareobiT miuRiaT, arc drostareba daukliaT didgvarovani ucxotomelisaTvis,

sakmaod didi xniTac dautovebiaT saqarTveloSi, magram uariT gaustumrebiaT samSobloSi, radgan

Tamaris tolsworad ar miuCneviaT... Tumca, mTlad `xelmocaruli~ mainc ar gauSviaT da giorgi mesamis xarWasTan gaCenili arakanonieri

Svili `uboZebiaT ZRvnad~ da colad. ase rom, marTalia, mutafradini Tamaris

colobas ver eRirsa, magram misi naxevar-

colisdobis didi pativi bedma arguna da arc

mTlad gawbilebuli gabrunebula ukan, radgan

misma qveyanam, iseT Zlier saxelmwifosTan, rogoric imxanad saqarTvelo gaxldaT, moyvruli urTierTobis damyareba namdvilad moaxerxa.

19

mutafradinis Semdeg, aseve uariT gaistum-res saqarTvelodan Tamaris qmrobis kidev mrava-li msurveli, maT Soris didebuli aRsarTan

Sirvan Sahi da marTlmadidebluri qristeanuli saxelmwifo saberZneTis brwyinvale mefe-manoelis vaJic. maT Sesaxeb, zepirsityvierebam

dRevandlamde Semogvinaxa mravali istoria. RmerTis wyalobas ar daugvianebia da

qorwinebidan male, Tamar mefe fexmZimed Seiqna. gaixara qarTvelobam. eri kidev ufro gaxSirebulad da wrfelad

emadliereboda ufals, muxlmodrekili locu-lobda da avedrebda yovladuzenaess qveynisaTvis wulis movlenas.

yovlismpyrobelma ufalma ismina xalxis keTili ndoma da Tamars eyola vaJi `yovliTurT

msgavsi papisa~. axalSobils giorgi daarqves. Semdgom, am saxels laSa (rac ganmanaTebels niS-navs) miemata da swored aqedan warmosdga laSa-

giorgi, igive giorgi-laSa (igive giorgi meoTxe). gavida erTi weli. Tamarma meore Svili, axla ukve asuli Sva,

romelsac Zvirfasi mamidas siyvaruliT, rusuda-

ni uwoda saxelad.

Tamarisa da daviTis orive Svili, moma-valSi saqarTvelos mefeebad moevlina.

Tamar mefis pirveli qmari, rusi mTavari-

giorgi bogoliubski iolad ar Serigebia beds.

20

igi 1191 wels arzrumSi Cavida da saqarTveloSi Camosasvlelad Sesaferisi poli-tikuri situaciis gamwvavebis molodinSi myof,

Casafrebul ramdenime didgvarovanTan kavSiri daamyara. aRniSnul jgufSi gansakuTrebiT aq-tiurobdnen: klarjeTisa da SavSeTis mmarTveli

guzan taoeli, samcxis spasalari boco da msax-urTuxucesi vardan dadiani.

es ukanaskneli mefis mowinaaRmdegeTa jgufs meTaurad moevlina. manve moaxerxa TiTqmis mTeli dasaleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis,

svaneTis, guriis, raWis, argveTis) mcxovrebTa ajanyebulebis mxareze gadasvla da isini ur-TierT erTgulebis ficiTac SeakavSra.

ajanyebulebs mefis momxreTa dasaxmare-blad surdaT, usazRvrod ganawyenebuli giorgi

rusis gamoyeneba, Semdgom misi iolad marTvis imediT. ficiT gaerTianebulma ajanyebulebma, Tavidan, saqarTvelos didi teritoriis dakavebac

ki SesZles da rusi Tavadi dasavleTis mxaris mefed gamoacxades geguTSi. amis Semdeg, gaficu-lebma goramdec miaRwies. maT gadawyvites javax-

eTisa da TrialeTis aReba. aaoxres oZrxe (ax-

landeli abasTumani).

moRalateTa saboloo mizani TbilisSi ramdenime mxridan erTdroulad SemoWra iyo.

mefe Tamars ar surda qarTvelTa dapiris-

pirebis kidev ufro gamwvaveba da ZmaTa Soris

21

sisxlis Rvris Tavidan asaSoreblad, ajanyebu-lebs mravaljer mouwoda molaparakebisaken, Tumca aman sasikeTo Sedegi mainc ver gamoiRo.

mowinaaRmdegeTa mxare kvlavindeburad jiutobda da agrZelebda agresias.

bunebrivia, Tamars sxva gamosavali aRar

hqonda da qveynis gadasarCenad iZulebuli gaxda Tavisi umTavresi laSqris spasalarisaTvis,

uerTgulesi gamrekelisaTvis ebrZanebina Sesabami-si zomebis miReba.

moRalateTa jgufi erTianad ganadgurebul

iqna mtkvris midamoebsa da nialis velze. da-marcxebulTagan zogma gaqceviT gadairCina Tavi, zogmac patieba sTxova mefes. Tamarma ajanyebul-

Ta nawili (didgvarovnebi) Seiwyala, zogs Tanamdeboba daatovebina, xolo Sepyrobili rusi

Tavadi giorgi ki, saqarTvelodan meored gaaZeva. istorikos-mkvlevarTa umetesobis azriT,

damarcxebulebi sakadrisad, damsaxurebuli sim-

kacriT namdvilad ar dasjilan, magram miRweul iqna metad mniSvnelovani ram, axla ukve maRali saxelmwifo samoxelo Tanamdebobebi, mTlianad

daikaves samefo karisa da Tamar mefis momxre

didebulebma.

gavida ori weli da dadga 1193 weli. Tamaris qmaryofilma, rusma giorgim kidev

wamoyo Tavi, isev scada bedi da saqarTvelosagan

gandgomili qalaq ganZis aTabagis did jariT,

22

qiziyidan (imdroindeli kambeCovanidan) SemoiWra. Tumca, Tamaris erTgulma xornabujis mmarTvel-ma, - saRir maxatlis Zem, sakmaod iolad daa-

marcxa momxvduri, ukuaqcia is da kidev erTxel daamtkica saqarTvelosadmi keTilganwyoba.

meTormete saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis

dasawyisSi, qveyanaSi Sinauri viTareba damSvidda. momdevno oriode wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelom

daimorCila gandgomili qalaqebi: karnu, bardavi, ganZa da uamravi simdidrec moipova.

yovelive amas, qarTuli saxelmwifos

avtoritetis gansakuTrebuli zrda mohyva, rasac ver Seegua mezobeli TurqeTi, romelmac gad-awyvita gaZlierebuli koaliciuri laSqroba

saqarTveloze. mtris mTavari mizani Cvens mier mierTebu-

li teritoriebis arTmeva iyo. koaliciaSi Sevidnen: erayis, TurqeTis da

iranis adarbadaganis (dRevandeli azerbaijanis)

saxelmwifoebi. Tavdapirvelad, gaerTianebulma laSqarma sparseTis adarbadaganis aTabagis, - abubeqris winamZRolobiT, saqarTvelos ymadnafi-

ci qveynis – Sarvanis dapyroba gadawyvita.

abubeqrma aRsarTan Sarvan-Sahi Sarvanidan

gaaZeva. ymadnaficma aRsarTanma (es swored is

didebuli aRsarTania, romelic saqarTveloSi

adre, Tamaris colad SerTvis TxovniT warudga

23

samefo kars, Tumca bedma ar gaumarTla, ocneba ver aisrula da xasiaTwamxdari gabrunda sam-SobloSi) dasaxmareblad Tamar mefes mimarTa.

Tamarma Tanadgoma aRuTqva Rirseul pi-rovnebas, aT dReSi moaxdina kidec jaris sruli mobilizeba, romelsac winamZRolad daviT sos-

lani dauyena da sabrZolvelad gza dauloca, TviTon ki TbilisSi dabrunda da samSoblos

gadasarCenad RmerTisadmi aRvlenil ganuwyvetel mxurvale locvebSi aRameb-aTenebda.

1195 wlis 16 ivniss, cixe-qalaq SamqorTan

gamarTul omSi Cvenma jarma saxelovani daviT soslanis gonivruli sardlobiT, sastiki marcxi agema mters.

aTabagma gaqceviT gadairCina Tavi. qarTvelTa laSqars didZali avla-dideba

Cauvarda xelT (Tormeti aTasi tyve-meomari, oci aTasi cxeni, Svidi aTasi jori, TxuTmeti aTasi aqlemi da kidev sxva mravali), romelic Tamar

mefem erTgulebisaTvis mTlianad uboZa ymadna-ficebs.

ucnobi avtori `qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-

erT wignSi (`istoriani da azmani Saravandedi-

ani~) wers, rom Samqoris umniSvnelovanes omSi

warmatebiT usazRvrod gaxarebul Tamars po-eturi niWi gaRviZebia da cxovrebaSi pirvelad, dauweria `iambiko xuTeuli ocdaxuT leqsad~,

24

romelic im istoriuli gamarjvebisaTvis mi-uZRvnia.

aqve, gTavazobT iambikos (TeTri uriTmo

leqsi) teqsts: `casa caTasa damwyeb ars RmerT-mTavroba, Ze saukunobs pirveli da kualadi.

sulman man RmerTman srul yo moqmedebadi, samebiT srulman erTiTa RmrTaebiTa,

miwiT pirvelis, pirmSoisa kacisa. Sen mier misTvis drkura mis ganmgebeli drkui midrka uvnebeli vnebisadmi,

ivno da vneba pirveli uvnebel yo. Sengan Sobilman Cuen Rirs-guyvna aRmoSobad

bneliT naTelsa, naTelTa mxedvelobad. Sengan, qalwulo, romelsa SenTvis daviT

rokvida, Zisa RmrTisa Zed Senda yofad. me Tamar, miwa Seni da mierive, cxebulobasa Rirs myav da Tvisobasa.

edems, RaTirTad, samxriT da CrdiloeTiT Suamflobeli iavars Senda vmrTelob, xalifas droSa Tanave maniaksa

SevrTe, cru-sjulTa moZRurisa

Razod mZRuani,

vin daviT, Zeebr efremis moisarman, moirTxna, moisrna sultniTa, aTabagiT. erans ebrZoles Cem mier misTa spaTa

Cuenni mxedarni, mosavni Senni, sZalo,

25

mowylnes, moswyvidnes agaris naTesavni. muniT moxmulTa niWTagan erTsa amas Senda Sevwirav! mioxe Zeebr, RmerTo~.

ucnobi avtorisve gadmocemiT, `Tamari msgavsad papisa maTisa iqceva~ da ixsenebs did mefe daviT aRmaSenebels, romelmac didgoris

brwyinvale omSi, mtrisaTvis warTmeuli uZ-virfasesi TvlebiT gawyobili oqros yelsabami

xaxulis wminda monasters RvTismSoblis xatis Sesamkobelad uboZa. da ai, msgavsad moiqca Tama-ric, roca Samqoris omSi moxveWili uamravi

nadavlidan, yvelaze Zvirfasad, gmiri Salva ax-alcixelis mier mopovebuli, brZolaSi ga-nadgurebuli xalifas saxelmwifo droSa miiCnia

da es, saqarTvelos Zlierebis niSnad, swored imave monasters Seswira.

Samqoris didma omma cxadhyo, rom saqarTvelos samxedro Zala mniSvnelonad aRe-mateboda axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebisas. gadioda

dro da es gansxvaveba kidev ufro metad izrde-boda.

Samqoris ubrwyinvales gamarjvebas zedized

mohyva gelaqunis (dRevandeli sevanis tbis mim-

debare teritoria, romelic amJamad somxeTis

kuTvnilebaa), araratis dablobis somxuri Temebisa da mdinare Woroxis zemo mxaris Temebis damorCileba saqarTvelosadmi.

26

1203 wels qarTvelebma Sah-armenTa sam-flobelod wodebuli teritoriebic daikaves.

am sinamdvileTa saRad aRmqmeli da

gonivrulad moazrovne Turq mmarTvelTa umetesi nawili, mSvidobianobis SesanarCuneblad, yo-velwliurad isev xarkis gaRebasa da saqarTve-

los ymadnaficobis qveS yofnas amjobinebda. jaris aseT umniSvnelovanes gamarjvebebze

saubrisas, vfiqrob aucilebelia, mokled mainc iTqvas Tamaris mier, pirvelad qveynis samxedro sferoSi dafuZnebul egreTwodebul `monapireTa~

sistemaze, romelic dRevandeli sazRvris dacvis saxelmwifo samsaxuris Sesatyvisia.

monapire faqtiurad erisTavi iyo, oRond

saxelmwifos sasazRvro zolSi. mas evaleboda mtrulad ganwyobili, mimdebare mezobeli qveynis

axlos mdebare samxedro potencialis zusti dadgena.

monapires gankargulebaSi hqonda saTanado

samxedro aRWurviloba saWiro cocxali ZaliT, Tavis dasacavad da bunebrivia, sapasuxo dartymis gansaxorcielebladac.

mtris saomari moqmedebis SemTxvevaSi, mona-

pire valdebuli iyo samefo karisaTvis dauy-

ovnebliv da dawvrilebiT ecnobebina saSiSroebis donis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg, samefo kari moaxden-da saTanado mobilizacias viTarebis Sesatyvisad

da Seyrida srul laSqars, an meomarTa saWiro

27

raodenobas da mis xelmZRvanelobas daavalebda: mefes, amirspasalars da Tundac imave monapires da miandobda saqmis mogvarebas.

istoriuli wyaroebidan cnobilia, rom Cve-ni laSqris mTlian mobilizebasa da saomar mdgomareobaSi moyvanas, sul raRac aTi dRe

savsebiT hyofnida Turme. meTormete saukunis bolo wlebSi,

saqarTvelos samefo kars, mudmivad saomrad Se-marTuli Turqi dampyroblebisaken mimarTuli hqonia aTamde sanapiro, sadac Tamar mefes mona-

pireoba daukisrebia vaJkacobiTa da erTgulebiT gamorCeuli iseTi didi politikuri da samxedro moRvaweebisaTvis, rogorebic brZandebodnen:

grigolisZeni da maxtlisZeni – hereTsa da kambeCovanSi, zaqaria – gagis mxareSi, zaqaria da

ivane mxargrZelebi – taSir-zorakertSi, sargis Tmogveli da Salva Toreli-javaxeTSi, yvaryvare samcxis spasalari-jayeli – artaanSi, zaqaria

aspanisZe – fanaskertSi~. mecamete saukunis dasawyisSi, Tamaris ini-

ciativiT, mefis karze gaCnda mosazreba Savi

zRvis samxreT nawilis teritoriaze qristeanu-

li samefos Seqmnis Taobaze im mizniT, rom axal

saxelmwifos mxari daeWira TurqeTis winaaRmdeg momavalSi mosalodnel omebSi.

imxanad, bizantia sakmaod Seviwroebul

mdgomareobaSi iyo, radgan keisris taxtis dapy-

28

robiT dainteresebul Turqebs, dasavleTevro-peli `jvarosnebis~ mier, sakeisros miTvisebis ganzraxvac daemata.

male, Tamari iZulebuli gaxda qveynis jaris samxedro moqmedebebi mniSvnelovnad mo-Sorebul teritoriebze gadaetana.

im periodSi, sazRvargareTidan Camobr-Zanebul qarTuli savaneebis moRvaweebs, Tamarma

uzarmazari qonebrivi Sewiruloba uZRvna. Tumca, bizantiis keisarma ukan mobrunebul qarTvel mRvdelmsaxurebs, boZebuli simdidre waarTva da

piradad miisakuTra. im uRirsi moqmedebis gamo, Tavmoyvareo-

baSelaxulma qarTvelTa mefem qarTuli mxedroba

bizantiis swored im mxareSi Seiyvana, romelic saqarTvelos esazRvreboda da, sadac monaTesave

qarTuli tomebi – lazebi (igive Wanebi) cxovrobdnen.

aRniSnuli laSqrobis dros saqarTvelos

jarma daikava: lazeTi, trapizoni, sinopi, kerasunti, samsoni, kotiora da TiTqmis erakliamde miaRwia. im droisaTvis bizantiis im-

peria umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo, vinaidan kon-

stantinopoli jvarosnebs epyraT.

sakuTari qveynis gasaZliereblad, swored im situaciiT isargebla brZenma Tamarma, bizanti-as moswyvita dakavebuli qalaqebi da axali

ymadnafici qveyana-trapizonis sakeisro Seqmna,

29

romlis mmarTvelad axlo naTesavi da bizantiis taxtis maZiebeli, saqarTvelos samefo karze aRzrdili berZeni ufliswuli – aleqsi komne-

nosi daniSna. wminda mefem trapizonis `imperiis~ SeqmniT,

saimedod gaaZliera Cveni samSoblos sazRvrebi

da rac umTavresia, moaxerxa saqarTvelos poli-tikuri gavlenis saocar niSnulTan gaTanabreba.

amgvarad, Cvens mezoblad, Tamar mefem RvTivboZebuli sibrZnis safuZvelze, qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli da politikurad saqarTveloze

damokidebuli trapizonis samefo Seqmna. saqarTvelos Zlevamosileba mTeli axlo

aRmosavleTis saxelmwifoebisaTvis naTeli gaxda,

gansakuTrebiT ki, im umagaliTo warmatebebma da-savleTis TurqTa samyaro daadardiana.

mcire aziaSi, maSin yvelaze Zlier da an-gariSgasawev Zalad rumis sasulTno iTvleboda (dRevandeli TurqeTis sazRvrebSi mdebareobda).

misma sulTanma-ruqnadinma adreul periodSi adarbadaganis aTabag abubeqris msgavsad, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg TurqTa gaerTianebuli

laSqrobis gadawyvetileba miiRo.

ruqnadinma yvela mimdebare mahmadianuri

saxelmwifos TavkacebTan molaparakebis Semdeg, oTxasiaTasiani jaris Segroveba SesZlo da Cveni qveynis asaoxreblad gamoemarTa.

30

mwared motyuvda gaTavxedebuli briyvi ruqnadini, sworad ver Seafasa saqarTvelos siZliere da verc misi udidesi mefis zeadami-

anuri goniereba gaiTvaliswina. diaxac, amitom samarcxvinod daisaja kidec yovladuzenaesi WeSmariti gangebis mier...

arzrumidan ruqn ad-din suleiman Sahma Tavisi elCis meSveobiT, ampartavnuli Sinaarsis

baraTi gamougzavna Cvens saamayo Tamar mefes, romliTac abuCad igdebda yvela qals, TviTon regveni, regvens uwodebda, muslimanTa amoJlet-

vasa da daxarkvaSi adanaSaulebda da TavisTavs uZlevels utolebda (`me nuqardin, sulTani yovlisa cisa-queSisa umaRlesi, mimsgavsebuli

Zlierebasa angelozTasa, Tanamdgomi RmerTisa, movlinebuli didisa mohamedisagan, mogimcnob

mefesa qarTvelsa Tamars. yoveli diaci reguenia da Sen gibrZanebia

qarTvelad aRebad xrmalTa da RmrTisagan

sayuarelisa islemTa erisa daxocad musulman-Ta...~).

gonebadabinduli sulTani viTomda keTil-

mosurned, faqtiurad ki muqariT uTvlida

Tamars da hpirdeboda, rom gamoasworebda mas

erTan erTad da aRarasodes dasWirdeboda xmlis xelSi aReba, oRond saerTo ena gamoenaxaT, qarTvelobas eRiarebina mohamed mociqulis

moZRvreba, uareyo qristeanoba da mis Tvalwin,

31

karavTan daelewaT qristes jvari. mokled, qarTvelebisgan marTlmadideblobis uaryofas da morCilebas moiTxovda suleli ruqnadini.

aseTi utifari werilis gamogzavnis garda, ruqnadinma sityvierad gadmosacemic daavala Turme elCs; ai, isic:

`ukeTu mefeman dauteos rjuli, ipyris sulTanma colad da ukeTu ara dauteos sjuli,

iyos xarWad sulTanisa~. im sacodav elCs saTqmeli wesierad dasru-

lebulic ar hqonia, rom WeSmarit mamuliSvils,

zaqaria mxargrZels ise gaurtyams misTvis, `rom gondakarguli iqve dacemula~.

uWkuo sulTanis moqmedebiT isargebla

saqarTvelos samefo karma, pasuxi Segnebulad daugviana da vidre ruqnadinis elCi mefis re-

zidenciaSi imyofeboda, laSqris saomrad Sekreba moaswro.

qarTvelTa jari daiZra basianisaken.

sulTani swored iq dabanakebuliyo da Tamar mefisagan, misTvis sasurveli pasuxis mitanas eloda elCis mier.

Tamarma qarTvelTa laSqris saerTo

xelmZRvanelobis niSnad, Tavis meuRles, - sax-

elovan daviT soslans uboZa qveynis droSa, xo-lo mxedarTmTavrebad ganamwesa: zaqaria mxargr-Zeli, Salva da ivane axalcixelebi da Torelebi.

32

Tamar mefem fexSiSvelma gaacila jari did manZilze.

mefem samgzis daloca sakuTari jari da

uaxloes adamianebTan erTad, mesxeTSi dabru-nebulma oZrxes (dRevandeli abasTumani) miaSura, sadac uflisadmi, RvTismSobel mariamisadmi da

yvela wmindanisadmi ganuwyvetel locva-vedrebas Seudga.

sulTanis elCi da masTan erTad qarTveli mociqulic, sapasuxo weriliT zustad maSin gaa-gzavnes, rodesac Cveni laSqari miuaxlovda

mtris uricxv meomarTa banaks. Tamaris mier gagzavnili baraTi ruqnadinma

guldasmiT CaikiTxa. ai, misi ZiriTadi Sinaarsi:

- yovlismpyrobeli RmerTis Zalas min-dobilma da maradqalwuli mariamis mvedrebelma,

patiosani jvris pativismcemelma da moimedem, wavikiTxe ruqnadin, mamazecieris ganmarisxebeli Seni mowerili, kargad Sevican aramarTebuloba

Seni, romelTa ganmkiTxavi TviT ufali brZandeba. ver Segignia, rom RvTis saxelis crud dam-ficveli, swored mis mierve daisjeba da kidev

is, rom RmerTis samsjavros ucodinars, sim-

didrisa da jaris siZlieris imedi gqonia. Cven,

qarTvelebs ki, mxolod uzenaesisa da qristes jvris imedi gvaqvs. swored im jvrisa, romelsac ruqnadin, piradad Sen da Senianebi hgmobT da

pativs ar scemT, amitom didi dRe ar giweria da

33

darwmunebuli iyavi imaSi, rom sastikad ga-nadgurdebi...

yvelaferi zedmiwevniT ise aRsrulda,

rogorc Tamarma uwinaswarmetyvela muslimanTa Tavkacs.

qarTvelebma sastikad gaanadgures momxvdu-

ri boroti Zala, romlis mTavarsardalma, yoy-loCina ruqnadinma brZolis velidan samarcxvino

gaqceviT uSvela Tavs da Tavgzaabneulma droSis waRebac ki veRar moaswro.

saxelovani gamarjveba moipoves Cvenebure-

bma. maT ruqnadinis mokavSire sulTnebic daatyveves. erT-erT maTgans, Sepyrobil erzinkis sulTans, Tamar mefem damsaxurebulad gamoutana

saocrad damamcirebeli sasjeli: monad gayida da aRebuli mcire TanxiT, joris ori nali SeiZina.

saqarTvelos jarma mowinaaRmdegis mTeli qoneba da aTasobiT tyve igdo xelT.

koaliciuri laSqari ganadgurda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom aRmosavlur qveynebSi popularuli `karabadini~, swored maSin gaxda xelmisawvdomi Cveni winaprebisaTvis.

es uZvelesi wigni mwignobarTuxuces-

Wyondidelis gankargulebiT saswrafod iTargmna

qarTul enaze. basianis omSi mravalma mamuliSvilma isax-

ela Tavi. maT Soris gansakuTrebulad ki, - dav-

iT soslanma da zaqaria mxargrZelma.

34

Tamar mefe gamarjvebul jars varZiaSi Sexvda.

saqarTvelos dedaqalaq TbilisSi, erma

basianis brZolaSi gamarjvebis aRsaniSnavad udi-desi zeimi gamarTa.

1205 wels basianis omSi gamarjvebam Cveni

qveyana axlo aziis, anu mTlianad uaxloesi aR-mosavleTis mZlavr saxelmwifod warmoaCina.

Tamarma saxelovan daviT soslanTan erTad, zedized orjer (1195 da 1205 wlebSi) moaxerxa muslimanuri saxelmwifoebis koaliciuri

laSqrobebis aramarto mogerieba, aramed TurqTa ori yvelaze Zlieri sasulTnos sruli ga-nadgureba.

axla ukve palestinaSi Turqebis gavlenis qveS myofi jvarosnebic ki, imedis TvaliT Se-

hyurebdnen saqarTvelos da misgan Svelas iTxo-vdnen, xolo Cvens teritoriebTan arsebuli me-zobeli Turquli samTavroebi, erTmaneTis

miyolebiT Tamar mefis moxarke-ymadnaficebi xdebodnen (magaliTad: arzrumis saamiro, er-zinkis sasulTno, arWeSi...).

idga saqarTvelosaTvis udidesi tkivilis

momtani 1207 weli.

gardaicvala SvidmnaTobier Tamar dedo-flis Rirseuli meuRle da TanamebrZoli _ didi daviT soslani, _ saqarTveloze usazRvrod

Seyvarebuli raindi kaci.

35

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erT wignSi (`is-toriani da azmani Saravandediani~), meistorie gulistkiviliT wers saqarTvelos sayvareli

Svilis gardacvalebaze da ambobs rom, imdroin-deli TvalsaCino winsvliT qveyanaSi damkvidre-bul `esreT sixarulsa SeuTqs mwuxareba~, anu

bunebaSi gamefebuli kanonzomierebiT, iseTi didi aRzeveba, aucileblad Seicvleboda umZimesi wu-

xiliT. asec moxda, `rameTu miicvala soslan daviT, kaci aRsavse yovliTa sikeTiTa~, Sesaxeda-vadac didebuli, RvTisa da adamianis moyvaruli,

uniWieresi mxedarTmTavari, samagaliTo meomari da imavdroulad Tavmdabali pirovneba; man qvey-anas `dautevna orni Zeni: yrma vidreme laSa-

giorgi, xolo asuli rusudan~, da kidev, - dauviwyari saxeli, romelic Rirseulad

damkvidrda Cveni samSoblos yvelaze Zvirfas adamianTa CamonaTvalSi.

mTeli eri cremlTaRvriT swuxda

usayvarlesi pirovnebis am wuTisoflidan naadrevad gasvlas.

daviT soslani didi pativiscemiT dakr-

Zales gelaTSi.

uerTgulesi Tanamecxedris daRupvidan

mokle xanSi, Tamarma saqarTvelos taxtis Tan-amoziared, ufrosi Svili, giorgi-laSa akurTxa.

1208 wels macxovris aRdgomis ubrwyin-

vales dResaswaulze, ardavelis gaTavxedebulma

36

sulTanma isargebla da gamTeniisas, qalaq anisis gaRebuli karibWiT Seesia iqaurobas, sastikad moepyra mozeime mosaxleobas, xolo eklesiebSi

mlocvelebi umowyalod amoxoca, Semdeg ki ukan gabrunda.

gamxecebulma sulTanma qristeanebis um-

Tavresi religiuri dResaswaulis dRes daaxlo-ebiT Tormeti aTasi sruliad udanaSaulo

qarTveli da somexi erovnebis marTlmadidebeli adamiani gamoasalma wuTisofels.

aseTi borotebis sababi ki mxolod is iyo,

rom xalxma sakuTari sarwmunoebisadmi siyvaru-li da ieso qristes erTguleba tradiciisamebr saTanadod aRniSna.

bunebrivia, im amazrzen moqmedebas maSin-deli Zlierebis mqone saqarTvelo iolad aravis

SearCenda da sakadrisad miuzRavda. Tamar mefem, umalve miiRo aucilebeli da Rirseuli gad-awyvetileba usindiso sulTanis Wkuis saswa-

vleblad da eris Tavmoyvareobis saswrafod aR-sadgenad sadamsjelo jari, sworedac mus-limanuri didi dResaswaulis – ramazanis

marxvisas gaagzavna ardavels.

qarTvelTa jari, romelsac saxelovani

amirspasalari zaqaria mxargrZeli sardlobda ardavelSi SeiWra, aiRo qalaqi da sastikad aaoxra, xolo misi arakaci sulTani iolad Sei-

pyro da uRirsi saqcielisaTvis sikvdiliT da-

37

saja; garda amisa, amowyvita zustad imdeni mus-limani, ramdeni qristeanic usamarTlod mokles anisSi aRdgomis dResaswaulze.

laSqrobam aSkarad gamoavlina sparseTis saxelmwifoze saqarTvelos samxedro potencial-is udidesi upiratesoba. swored amitom, Tamar

mefem darbazTan SeTanxmebiT, sparseTis sabo-lood Wkuis swavlebis mtkice gadawyvetileba

miiRo. daiwyo mzadeba laSqrobisaTvis, romelic Tamaris winamZRolobiT gamarTul brZolaTa So-ris didi masStabis ukanasknel omadaa aRiarebu-

li. 1210 welia. brZolisaTvis yovelmxriv SemarTuli qar-

Tuli jari iranis teritoriazea. qarTvelebi sakmaod iolad ipyroben da xarks akisreben:

- masandas, zenjans, Tavrizs, yazvins da mi-anas.

Cveni jarisaTvis mcire winaaRmdegobis

gaweva mxolod qalaq zenjanSi brZolisas moax-erxes iranelebma.

Zlevamosilma Cvenma laSqarma Tamaris me-

TaurobiT, im saxelovan omebSi imdeni nadavli

igdo xelSi, rom iranis danarCeni teritoriebis

ubralod gavlac ki SeuZlebeli gaxda. ukan mobrunebulma qarTvelebma sakadrisad

dasajes mianas gamgebeli, romelmac iq mcvelad

38

darCenili Cveni mcire razmis yvela meomari veragulad sicocxles gamoasalma.

qarTvelTa warmatebulma laSqrobam

sparseTSi, kidev ufro metad aamaRla Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso avtoriteti. saqarTvelo axla ukve, aSkarad moiazreboda bizantiis impe-

riis memkvidred, xolo misi samefo xelisu-fleba, aleqsandre makedonelisa da keisar

avgustusis aRsrulebul saqmeTa istoriul STamomavlad fasdeboda.

swored amitom, saxelmwifos samefo

droSaze `gorgaslianisa~ da `daviTainis~ gver-diT, `Tamariani~, `aleqsandriani~ da `avRusti-anic~ gamoCnda.

male, Tamar mefem axlo, saWiro da saocrad Tbili urTierToba daamyara egviptel

moqcevsul saladinTan. iqidan moyolebuli, musulmanebs sakmao xnis manZilze mkacrad aekr-ZalaT qristeanTa mimarT udieri mopyroba, xolo

qarTvelebs neba miecaT wminda qalaq ierusalimSi yovelgvari gadasaxdelis gareSe Sesuliyvnen sa-kuTari droSiT.

ieso qristes usazRvrod moyvarulma da

erTgulma Cvenma didebulma dedofalma, saladins

sTxova marTlmadideblebisaTvis kuTvnilebis-amebr, daebrunebinaT jvari, romelzedac ewama kacobriobis mxsneli macxovari.

39

orasi aTasi dinaris safasurad, sulTanma es survili Seusrula saqarTvelos did mefes.

Tamar mefem udidesi RvawliT SesZlo

gaeRrmavebina Cvens samSoblosa da uwmindes ie-rusalims Soris damyarebuli is kavSirebi, ro-melic misi ubrwyinvalesi winaprisa da sisxlx-

orceuli naTesavis, didi daviT aRmaSeneblis (saqarTvelos mefeT-mefed wodebuli, eris sa-

ficari sulmnaTi daviT aRmaSenebeli Tamaris mamis, didi mefis, - giorgi mesames babua brZan-deboda) mefobisas arsebobda.

aq, uneburad maxsendeba meTerTmete sauku-nis meore naxevarsa da meTormete saukunis pirvel naxevarSi wminda qalaq ierusalimSi

moRvawe, sami didi wmindani: ioane, stefane da esaia, romlebic imavdroulad, macxovris

saflavis mcvelebic iyvnen. cxadia, aseTi maRali ndobis mopoveba uflis mier rCeulTa Soris yvelaze Rirseuli erisa da aseTive didebiT

aRvsili misi winamZRolis udidesi aRiareba iyo. diax, qarTvelebi vamayobT Cveni udidesi

warsuliT da wmindanTa dasSi marTlad Seracx-

uli ioanes, stefanesa da esaias (qarTuli samo-

ciqulo dedaeklesia mravalricxovan wmindanTa

Soris marTlis wodebiT moixseniebs oTx did wmindans: ioanes, stefanes, esaias da saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefes da eris mamad monaTlul, udi-

des mwerals, sazogado moRvawesa da brZenkacs –

40

ilia WavWavaZes) RvTivboZebuli madliT gasxivosnebuli saxeebiT.

sparseTSi saxelovani laSqrobidan dabru-

nebisTanave, gardaicvala qarTuli jaris Rir-seuli amirspasalari – zaqaria mxargrZeli, brwyinvale mamuliSvili, romelic Tanamdebo-

brivad misma Zmam, _ ivanem Secvala. ivane aTabagi WeSmaritad sakadrisi

memkvidre aRmoCnda. is mravali wlis manZilze erTgulad emsaxura samSoblos.

1212 wels swored ivane aTabagma moaxerxa

saqarTvelos samefo xelisuflebis sawinaaRmde-god mimarTuli mTielTa ajanyebis CaxSoba.

ajanyebaSi monawile mTieli fxovelebi da

didoelebi protests acxadebdnen qveynis barSi dakanonebuli ideologiuri da politikuri

meqanizmis mTaSi damkvidrebaze. sam Tves gagrZelebuli ajanyeba, sabolood

kanonzomierad dasrulda mTiel qarTvelTa

marcxiT. Tqma ar unda, qveynisaTvis zustad aseTi

Sedegi iyo sasurveli.

im movlenebidan Zalian male, 1213 wels

Cvens samSoblos eniT auwereli ubedureba daa-

tyda Tavs, - Tamari gardaicvala. rogorc sCans, cxovrebis ganusazRvrelad

mZime tvirTma da gancdebma, axalgazrda asakSi

Seulaxa janmrTeloba Cvens Tamar mefes. is karga

41

xnis manZilze didsulovnad Tavs Zalas atanda da ar amxelda avadmyofobas, radgan erideboda sxvaTa Sewuxebas.

roca metismetad fesvebi gaidga da imZlav-ra senma, SeuZlebeli Seiqna misi dafarva, Tamar-ma mxolod maSin aRiara yovelive.

imxanad, naWarmagevis samefo rezidenciaSi myofi Tamari saswrafod TbilisSi Camoiyvanes da

dedaqalaqis siaxloevs, xeebiT daburuli, siwynariT gamorCeuli adgili SeurCies samkur-nalod sofel tabaxmelaSi.

mTeli saqarTvelo ganurCevlad erovnebisa, gulmxurvaled SesTxovda uzenaess mefis gamo-janmrTelebas. avadmyofobas ise daeria Tavisi

mzakvari xeli wminda sxeulisaTvis, rom yvela saSualeba dagvianebuli aRmoCnda.

qristeanobisa da samSoblosaTvis cviliviT CamoRvenTilma didma Tamarma, am wuTisoflidan gasvlis boloJams, zeciur dasSi damkvidrebamde,

upirvelesyovlisa yovladwminda samebas saqarTvelo da misi xalxi Seavedra, mere Svilebi, bolos ki – sakuTari suli da `mSvido-

biT daiZina sarecelsa zeda~.

daaxloebiT sami aTeuli weli imefa Tamar-

ma `da aRvida winaSe RmrTisa, sada igi mkvidro-ben winaswarmetyvelni da mamaT-mTavarni da mefeni~.

glovam moicva sruliad saqarTvelo.

42

aravin sCanda nugeSis mcemeli, radgan

`mwuxareba zogadi iyo yovelTaTvis~.

qveyanam dakarga usayvarlesi mefeT-mefe,

udidesi qristeani da erisaTvis Tavdadebuli

pirovneba. usazRvrod damwuxrebuli xalxi

dastiroda uZvirfases Svilsa da winamZRols.

gulwrfelad mjera, am wuTisoflidan

gasvlisas warmoTqmuli misi locva dResac

grZeldeba, oRond axla ukve, zeciuri

saqarTvelodan da sworedac rom, gvifaravs

yvela gansacdelisagan da Zalas gvmatebs

qarTvelT!..

vmadlobT yovladwminda samebas imisaTvis,

rom ers samardJamod uboZa ganumeorebeli Tamar

mefe. amin!..

Tamari ormocdaxuTi wlis asakSi gar-

daicvala.

savaraudod, dakrZalulia gelaTSi. Tumca,

zepirsityvierebiT Semonaxulia legendiseuli

versia imis Taobaze, rom anderZis Tanaxmad,

laSa-giorgis wminda qalaq ierusalimSi gad-

ausvenebia saqarTvelos dedad wodebuli Cveni

Tamar mefe.

ganuzomelia eris tkivili imis gamo, rom

dRemde ver moxerxda saTayvano wminda mefis sab-

oloo gansasvenebeli adgilis dadgena.

43

brZensa da gulmowyale Tamars adamianis

sikvdiliT dasjis da wamebis kanoni gauuqmebia

da darbazTan SeTanxmebiT, 1179 wels SemouRia

kanoni mekobreobis winaaRmdeg, romelic iT-

valiswinebda danaSaulSi gamovlenilTa `Zelsa

zeda CamorCobas~.

Tamars am uborotesi danaSaulis aRsak-

veTad specialuri moxeleebis samsaxuric ki

Seuqmnia Turme da misTvis mekobarT-mZebnelebi

daurqmevia. iq dasaqmebulni qveynis mTel teri-

toriaze moqmedebdnen da damnaSavis gamovlen-

isTanave, gzajvaredinze agebul specialur

saxrCobelaze hkidebdnen maSinve, yovelgvari sja-

baasisa da yoymanis gareSe.

aseTi umkacresi, magram samarTliani admin-

istraciuli kanonis miRebis miuxedavad, saqar-

TveloSi danaSaulis es Rrma socialuri

movlena mecamete saukunis pirvel naxevarsac

axasiaTebda, Tumca, gacilebiT naklebi simwvaviT,

vidre sxvagan.

Tamaris mefobisas aRorZinda: soflis

meurneoba, kultura, vaWroba, ekonomika, mSene-

bloba, samxedro da kidev sxva mravali sfero.

swored im periodSia agebuli kldeSi

gamokveTili cametsarTuliani cixe-qalaqi varZia

(misi unikaluroba mTel msoflios aocebs

dRemde), mravali eklesia-monasteri: beTania,

44

berTubani, yinwvisi... Seiqmna marTlacda ganumeo-

rebeli mxatvruli nawarmoebi SoTa rusTavelis

`vefxistyaosani~. moRvaweobdnen: mose xoneli

(`amiran-darejaniani~), ione SavTeli (`abdulme-

sia~), CaxruxaZe (`Tamariani~) da sxvebi; ubadlo

oqromWedlebi:Lbeqa da beSqen opizarebi...

didma Tamarma qedi moadrekina Cveni sam-

Soblos mtrebs saqarTvelos samefo taxtis

winaSe da aramarto ganamtkica sazRvrebi, aramed

misi mniSvnelovnad gafarToebac ki SesZlo.

wminda mefe gansakuTrebuli mokrZalebiTa

da siyvaruliT iRvwoda qarTuli marTlma-

didebluri dedaeklesiis gasaZliereblad, yovel

saSualebas iyenebda RvTismsaxurebis da mrevlis

dasaaxloveblad. man moaxerxa da saqarTveloSi

daabruna mcxeTis yofili kaTolikosi nikolozi,

- patiosnebiTa da niWierebiT saxelganTqmuli

pirovneba, Semdeg ki, moiwvia saeklesio kreba,

romelsac swored es WeSmariti mRvdelmsaxuri

Tavmjdomareobda.

krebas eswreboda qveynis yvela cnobili

episkoposi, monazoni, meudabnoe da saRmrTo

sjulis mcodneni.

krebaze mibrZanebuli Tamari, rogorc

Cveulebrivi adamiani, iseTi TavmdablobiT mie-

axla iq myofT da mimarTa sityvebiT, romelic

daaxloebiT saukunis win, saqarTvelos didi

45

kaTolikos-patriarqis, episkopos leonides gad-

mocemiT aseTi Sinaarsis iyo:

`wmindano mamano, Tqven dadgenili xarT

RvTisagan moZRvrebad da gamgeblebad eklesiisa,

Tqven mogTxovT RmerTi pasuxis gebas Cveni

cxonebis Sesaxeb. miaqcieT mkacri yuradReba qri-

steanTa cxovrebas, keTili mxare am cxovrebisa

ganamtkiceT, xolo rac ugvano da boroti ramaa

masSi, usaTuod mospeT, mohkveTeT da sastikad

akrZaleT dadgenilebiT. gasworeba iwyeT Ce-

miTgan, radganac sidides vatareb mefobisaTvis

da ara RvTis sagmoblad, nu moeridebiT mTavrebs

maTi didkacobis gamoisobiT da nurc ubralo

pirebs SeuracxyofT misTvis, rom igini ubra-

loni arian. Tqven keTili dadgenilebani

moaxdineT, da me maTi SesrulebiT dagexmarebiT,

Tqven swavla mogveciT, da me Tqven swavlas Se-

viTviseb da sxvebsac SevaTviseb, Tqven magaliTi

dagviyeneT win, da mis ganxorcielebas me videb

Tavs. orive mxarem xeli xels mivceT sarwmu-

noebis dacvaSi, rom ar CavcvivdeT RvTis pasux-

isgebaSi Tqven rogorc mRvdlebi, me, rogorc

mefe, Tqven, rogorc umfrosi gamgeni, me,

rogorc ubralo daraji~.

mefis aseTi ganwyobiT gamxnevebulma krebam,

eklesiis winamZRolad nikolozi airCia, taZrebs

CamoaSora uRirsi mRvdelmsaxurebi da Zalian

46

mokle droSi moaxerxa ojaxebsa da TiToeuli

adamianis sulSi wesierebis damkvidreba.

Tamari eklesia-taZrebs mxolod saqarTve-

loSi rodi agebda. man mravali dangreuli RvTis

saxli aRadgina saberZneTsa da ierusalimSi. imave

adgilebSi axali salocavebic aago da bevri mon-

asteri gaanTavisufla urjuloTagan xarkis gad-

axdisagan.

basili ezosmoZRvari `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~

ambobs, rom mxolod yovelives mmarTvels,

yovladuzenaes RmerTs SeuZlia Tamar mefis mier

samSoblosaTvis gaweuli yvela warmatebuli saq-

mis aRwera da rogorc veravin moaxerxa adamianis

Tavze Tmis Reris zusti raodenobis dadgena,

aseve kacTagan aravis Seswevs Zala im udides

naRvawTa srulad gadmocemisa, romelic Tamarma

gaswia.

dRes, ocdameerTe saukuneSi, mravali sax-

elmwifos magaliTze, saxezea xalxis survili

monawileobdes sakuTari qveynis marTvaSi; Tumca,

sinamdvileSi yvelgan, mmarTveli da sruli ba-

ton-patroni, mxolod qveynis xelmZRvanel

struqturebSi moxvedril adamianTa erTi muWa

jgufia.

ai, amitomac kidev ufro maRldeba Tamaris

pirovneba, romelmac jer kidev rvaasi wlis win,

sakuTari nebiT uari Tqva erTmmarTvelobaze,

47

rogorc mefe-xelisufalma Tavadve SeizRuda Za-

laufleba da samSoblos sakeTildReod, erTan

erTad airCia saxelmwifos marTvis swori gza

(dRes demokratiad wodebuli. ise ki, Zvirfaso

mkiTxvelo, qarTvelebs, rogori saamayo mosago-

nari dagvitova keTilmorwmune Tamarma?!).

gamoCenili mwerali, eris sayvareli Svili,

didi istorikos-mkvlevari, aw gansvenebuli

levan sanikiZe Tavis ukvdav `deda istoriaSi~

wminda keTilmorwmune Tamar mefeze brZanebs:

`... yovel wels saxelmwifos mTeli

Semosavlis meaTed wils Raribebsa da uqonel-

upovrebs urigebda. gulis siRrmemde ecodeboda

Tamars uZlurni da sapyarni; Tavis maxloblad

abinavebda maT. sakuTari xeliT aWmevda, sagebel-

saZinebels gauwyobda, daawvenda da gaamxnevebda.

cismare dRes Seusvenebliv iRvwoda.

icoda `wynarma da narnarma, cnobierma~ ada-

mianuri uqmobisagan warmosdgeboda adamianuri

borotebani. yvela dasaqmebuli hyavda. `arca

TviTon uqmobda da arc TvisTa ymaTa auqmebda~.

Sromobda qarTveli xalxi.

Sendeboda taZrebi, savaneebi, sra-

sasaxleebi, cixe-simagreni, gzebi, xidebi, sarwyav-

sairigacio sistemebi...

48

diaci iyo da uyvarda saqmeni samamaconi:

mSvildosan-maxvilosnoba, nadiroba, jiriToba-

mxedroba.

diaci iyo da uyvarda `xelsaqmari~ sadi-

aconi: matylis CeCva da Zafis rTva, qsova da

beWdva, Wra da kerva, qargva da kemsva maneul-

ebad.

daviT soslans da giorgi-laSas misi

xeliT Sekerili da amoqarguli jubebi ecvaT.

sakuTari xeliT naqsov-nakers sakuTari

xeliTve acmevda Raribs, qvrivs, obols, uZlurs,

davrdomils...~

auwonavia Tamaris Rvawli misi qveynisa da

mSobeli eris winaSe.

saqarTvelos udidesi Svili, mudamdRe sam-

Soblos warsulsa da momavalze mafiqrali,

ukvdavi mwerali da mkvlevari pavle ingoroyva

brZanebs:

`... saqarTvelos saxelovani mravalsaukuno-

vani Zveli istoriis manZilze, romelsac amSven-

ebs mTeli wyeba did saxelmwifo moRvaweTa, Tam-

aris gverdiT SesaZloa davayenoT mxolod erTi

pirovneba – daviT aRmaSenebeli, - Rirseuli Tan-

amodase Tamar mefisa.

Tamari iyo udidesi saxelmwifo moRvawe,

magram amiT yvelaferi ar aris Tqmuli.

49

Tamar iyo brZeni xelmZRvaneli erisa, xo-

lo qarTvelma xalxma kidev ufro Seiyvara Tama-

ri imis gamo, rom TamarSi srulyofilad gansax-

ierda namdvili sibrZne didi saxelmwifo

moRvawis, xolo amasTan moraluri sinaTle da

sidiade didbunebovani adamianisa... romlis naTe-

li goneba unaTebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo-

ebrivi cxovrebis brwyinvale aRmavlobas...~

sayvarelo mkiTxvelo, mjera iolad Sev-

TanxmdebiT imaze, rom aw gansvenebulma ukvdavma

meistoriem, am sityvebiT, mTeli qarTveli eris

gulisnadebi gamoxata.

STambeWdavia, sruliad saqarTvelos erT-

erTi didi kaTolikos-patriarqis, - leonides

mier, wminda Tamar mefis xsenebis dRes, TiTqmis

saukunis win, qadagebisas warmoTqmuli:

`... iSviaTad, rom vinme maTgani Caswvdo-

modes ers ise Rrmad gulSi, rogorc Tamari,

iSviaTia, rom sxvas vismes gaeTbos eris gulis

yvela kunWulebi iseTi nazi da damatyvevebeli

TanagrZnobiT, rogorc Tamar mefes~.

saqarTvelos istoriis WeSmariti

mebairaRes, eris moWirnaxule didi ivane javax-

iSvilis rwmeniT, Tamar mefis pirovneba gan-

sakuTrebulia imiTac, rom is qveyanaSi mSvidi

garemos miRwevas, mxolod Zalisa da mkacri

moqmedebis gamoyenebiT rodi axerxebda. mamaze-

50

cierisagan mowyalebisa da simSvidis umaRlesi

niWiT xvavrielad dajildoebuli, saocrad saTno

da lmobieri keTilmorwmune mefe Zaladobis

sastiki winaaRmdegi yofila; Turme `WiriviT

ejavreboda da ezizReboda sikvdiliT dasja da

sxvadasxva damasaxiCrebeli sasjelebi... rodesac

damnaSave sikvdiliT, an TvaldabnelebiT, an

asoT-amoRebiT unda dasjiliyo, ganaCenis aRs-

rulebisaTvis mefis Tanxmoba da damtkiceba iyo

saWiro, Tamar mefe am Tavis uflebiT

sargeblobda, sasamarTlos ganaCens `mowyalebiT~

ar amtkicebda da am gziT yvela amgvari sas-

jelebi gaauqma da mospo, `Sewyalebulni~ dam-

naSaveni ki msubuqad isjebodnen...~

madlieri qarTveli xalxi mowiwebiTa da

siyvaruliT inaxavs gulSi wminda keTilmorwmune

mefis, samociqulo marTlmadidebluri de-

daeklesiis naTliT gasxivosnebul Tamaris saxes.

misi sidiadis da gansakuTrebulobis aRmniS-

vnelia is faqtic, rom Cvens qarTul taZrebSi,

erTaderT Tamar mefis oTxi urTierTisagan gan-

sxvavebul xats vxvdebiT.

erma, wminda Tamaris mefobis periodi

oqros xanad monaTla.

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, Cveni samSoblos is-

toriaSi, im epoqis aSkara liderobis samxilad,

vfiqrob, umjobesi da droulic iqneba, sulmnaT

51

pavle ingoroyvas ukvdavi naSromidan (`giorgi

merCule~), mecnierulad mtkiced dasabuTebuli

teqstis avtoriseuli variantis SemoTavazeba;

ai, isic:

`Tamaris epoqaSi meTormete-mecamete sauku-

neTa sazRvarze da mecamete saukunis dasawyisSi,

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos farglebSi gaer-

Tianebulia mTeli kavkasia, anatoliis da iranis

sanapiroebiT.

am xanaSi saqarTvelosTan politikurad da-

kavSirebuli qveynebi Semdegnairad nawildeba:

a) uSualo samflobeloebi:

1-2. somxeTi, romelic danawilebulia or

samflobelod: anisi da dvini

b) vasaluri muslimanuri samflobeloebi

aRmosavleT kavkasiaSi:

3. Sirvani.

4. darubandi.

5. arani anu ganZa (ganja)

6. naxWevani.

g) vasaluri muslimanuri samflobeloebi

anatoliis sanapiroze:

7. karnu-qalaqi (arzrumi).

8. ezinki (erzinjani)

9. xlaTi.

d) gavlenis sferoebi:

10. trapizonis samefo.

52

`kavkasiis imereTis~ (CrdiloeT kavkasiis)

qveynebi:

11. RunZeTi (avaria) da daRistanis sam-

flobeloebi.

12. durZukeTi (saCeCno).

13. ovseTi.

14. qaSaveTi (saCerqezo).

e) moxarke qveynebi:

15. adarbadagani, Sida-iranis sanapironi~.

rva saukune gavida iqidan, rac Tamari aRar

gvyavs qarTvelT...

Znelad maxsendeba vinme sisxlxorcTagani,

romelic zecad damkvidrebul winaparTa naTel

sulebs ar gaejibros wminda dedoflisa da

saqebari mefis siyvarulSi da imedad ar hyavdes

igi.

WeSmariti mamuliSvilis gulsa da gone-

baSi, ZirSeuryevel, mtkice salocavad damkvidr-

da eris `sulier saunjed da Svebis wyarod~

wodebuli Tamari.

Cveni jiS-jilagisaTvis miuRebelia iseTi

qarTveli, romelsac Tundac mcirediTac ki

ganelebia Tamaris siyvaruli da pativiscema,

ufro metic, xalxi aseT TiTo-orola kinkilas,

vinc `Tamaris qebas daiviwyebs, Tamaris xsovnas

gaiqrobs~, axlosac ar ikarebs eris dauwereli,

magram samarTliani kanonis Tanaxmad.

53

yovladuzenaesma erTi kargi Tvisebac mog-

vmadla qarTvelT: - Tamar mefis mimarT didi

ridisa.

sityvam moitana da survilic gamiCnda

mokled giamboT didubis wminda didmowame gior-

gis saxelobis eklesiis (TbilisSi, samtrediis

quCaze mdebare) winamZRvris, dekanoz antonis

(xanTaZe) naambobi:

- `sruliad ymawvili, TxuTmeti-Teqvsmeti

wlisa var da Tbilisis umniSvnelovanes sionis

wminda taZarSi medaviTned vmsaxureb.

swored iq sruldeba sadResaswaulo rit-

uali.

ganwyobac Sesatyvisia. wuTi-wuTze ve-

lodebiT Cveni uwmindesis mobrZanebas.

erTad vdgavarT axla ukkve wmindanad

Seracxuli mama gabrieli (urgebaZe) da me. Cvens

Soris sakmaod didi asakobrivi gansxvavebis mi-

uxedavad, karga xania, misgan gansakuTrebul yur-

adRebasa da siTbos vgrZnob. bunebrivia, maxarebs

es da zomierad meamayeba kidec.

minda raRac vkiTxo Zvirfas mRvdelmsaxurs

da amisaTvis xelsayrel dros velodebi.

da ai, saeklesio ritualSi nanatri pauzis

dromac moaRwia. vsargeblob amiT da Cems

sayvarel moZRvars vekiTxebi:

54

- mamao, ras metyviT imaze, rom qarTvelebs

saukuneebia mefe aRara gvyavs?

aSkarad Sevatyve, ar eloda am kiTxvas.

ar dabneula.

mcire Seyovnebis Semdeg, alersianad

Semomxeda da mSvidad mipasuxa: umSoblebod dar-

Cenili SvilebiviTa varT axla Cven. warmo-

gidgenia Tamar mefe rom gamogvecxados ras gve-

tyoda?!

guliani kacisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sinan-

uliT warmosTqva, TvalebSi ki, Znelad Ses-

amCnevma sisvelem mainc Tavisi gaitana da gac-

ilebiT metic sTqva...

ver vityvi, uimedoba davinaxe meTqi mis

sityvebSi, magram erTi kia, brZen pirovnebas,

maSindeli aTeisturi SegnebiT gaJRenTili

yofisaTvis namdvilad ar emeteboda samSoblo

Cveni da didi winapris winaSec, pasuxismgeblobis

mZime tvirTis asawevad, sakuTari beWis

SeSvelebis aucilebloba kargad hqonda Segnebu-

li~.

rac xani gadis, miT ufro Zvirfasi da ax-

lobeli xdeba madlieri eris guls samaradJamod

dauflebuli Cveni Tamari-saqarTvelos pirveli

mandilosani mefe.

gavixsenoT am didebul mefesTan dakavSi-

rebul uamrav legendaTagan erTi:

55

- Turme, didi mefis erT-erT keTilmosurne

pirovnebas misTvis lomis bokveri uCuqnia. male,

is iseTi veeberTela da Tanac avi gamxdara, rom

misi sadari, Sinaur Tu gareul cxovelTa Soris,

kacis Tvals nanaxi ar hyolia.

meistories TxrobiT, mefis sasaxleSi Sey-

vanisas, bokveris Sekaveba warmoudgenlad rTuli

saqme yofila. Tu TamarTan ar miuSvebdnen,

nebismieri winaaRmdegobis damZlevi nadiri yvel-

afers anadgurebda, nacar-tutad aqcevda da

dedofalTan mainc mividoda. amis Semdeg ki,

saocrad Tbili da Tvinieri xdeboda, Tamars

ekvroda da efereboda, xolo wayvanisas, Zlieri

jaWvebiT dabmuli cxare cremlebs Rvrida...

saocari ambavia.

iqneb cotaTi gadametebulic, magram erTia

aq mTavari: naTlad sCans ganwyoba da da-

jerebuloba erisa, Tamar mefis yovelmxriv

siZlieresa da RvTisagan boZebul zebunebriv

SesaZleblobebze!..

arc Tu ise didi xnis winaT, Cveni samSob-

los erT-erTi uZvelesi istoriuli mxaris

ulamazes qalaq axalcixeSi, qveynis imdroindeli

xelmZRvanelobisa da cxadia, sapatriarqos erTo-

blivi SeTanxmebiT, gadawyda samocdaaTtonian

TeTr qvaSi Tamar mefis Zeglis gamokveTa.

56

roca jeri Zeglze, mefis gulis midamoebis

damuSavebaze midga, moxda saswauli:

- zustad gulis adgilze qva gaskda. saqme-

Si mecnierebi Caerivnen. maT aRmoaCines Tbili

siTxiT savse, adamianis gulis formis rbili

masa.

`Tamaris gulad~ monaTluli rbili masa,

dedaeklesiis mamamTavars, ilia meores miutanes.

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelma is siwminded aRiara

da sapatriarqoSi Rirseuli adgilic miuCina.

gavida cota xani da `Tamaris guli~ Tbi-

lisis sionis wminda taZarSi gadaabrZanes. Cvenma

sulierma winamZRolma ilia meorem, es ambavi

saqarTveloSi momxdar saswaulTa Soris, uflis

kvarTis Semdgom, mTavar saswaulad aRiara.

rvaasi welia qarTvelebi vmadlobT yovla-

dwminda uzenaes samebas erisaTvis mefe Tamaris

movlenis gamo.

2004 wlis 4 ivliss, didma ilia meorem

sionis wminda sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmuli

qadagebisas brZana:

- `gaixseneT Cveni didi wminda mefeebi Ta-

mari da daviT aRmaSenebeli. maT uTvalavi miwie-

ri saunje hqondaT, magram amaze meti hqondaT

sulieri-locva, marxva, mowyalebis saqme.

istoriidan cnobilia, rogor loculob-

dnen es mefeebi. magaliTad, rogor miuZRvoda

57

Tamari fexSiSveli jvriT xelSi Tavis jars da

mere Tavis sasaxleSi ki ar brundeboda, aramed

monasterSi midioda da iq dResa da Rames

RvTisadmi vedrebaSi atarebda, rom jari Sin

gamarjvebuli dabrunebuliyo...~

niSandoblivia, eris moWirnaxule ukvdavi

ivane javaxiSviliseuli daxasiaTeba (`qarTveli

eris istoriaSi~) Tamarisa:

`... bunebam gasaocari silamaziT Seamko

didebuli Tamar mefe da am mxrivac igi qarTuli

ganTqmuli silamazis saukeTeso, sworupovari

warmomadgeneli iyo. qarTveli erisaTvis maSinac

da STamomvlobisTvis didi Tamaris saxeli imi-

tom iyo saTayvanebeli, rom zesTabunebrivis

ZaliT masSi SeerTebuli iyo qalis momxiblavi

mSveniereba da vaJkacuri mamacoba, saxelmwifo

moRvawis sibrZne da umanko, yovlad mowyale,

ganurisxebeli guli. marto is rada Rirda, rom

saqarTvelos uumwvervales samxedro Zlierebis

dros istoriam am nazs da saTuTs arsebas,

umSvenieress qals arguna mefoba... Sors gam-

Wvreteli politikiT, Tamarma brwyinvaled daa-

gvirgvina saqarTvelos saxelmwifo aRm-

Seneblobis is diadi saqme, romelic misi sax-

elovani winapris daviT aRmaSeneblis mier iyo

dawyebuli...~

58

wminda Tamar mefis xsenebis dRed Cvenma

dedaeklesiam 13 Tebervali da 14 maisi daawesa.

yovelwliurad, am dReebSi, gansakuTrebuli

mokrZalebiTa da pativiscemiT aRniSnavs sruliad

saqarTvelo erovnul zeims - `Tamarobas~ da ase

gagrZeldeba samudamod!

Cveni brZeni didi meufis, uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavar episkoposis da biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia meoris iniciativiTa da wminda sinodis mxardaWeriT 2013 weli Tamaris wlad gamocxad-da.

bunebrivia, kvlavac gacilebiT meti sixSi-

riTa da madlierebiT gvmarTebs yovladuze-

naesisadmi samadlobeli sityvebiT mimarTva da

rwmenaSi gaZliereba im mxriv, rom saqarTveloze

gadafarebuli kalTa Tamarisa, ufro mcxunvare,

mzrunveli da saswaulmoqmedi diaxac, swored

maSin xdeba, roca eris cxovreba dalxinebuli

veraa!..

59

keTilmsaxuri mefe Tamari

60

zogi ram TqmulTagan wminda mefeze

SoTa rusTaveli

vefxistyaosani (ramdenime nawyveti dasawyisidan)

... vis Svenis, - lomsa, - xmareba Subisa,

far-SimSerisa,

- mefisa mzis Tamarisa, Rawv-badaxS,

Tma-giSerisa,-

mas, ara vici Sevhkadro Sesxma xotbisa Serisa?

misTa mWvretelTa yandisa mirTma xams, marT

miSerisa.

Tamars vaqebdeT mefesa sisxlisa

creml-daTxeuli,

vTqveni qebani visni me ar-avad gamorCeuli.

melnad vixmare giSris tba da kalmad me

na rxeuli,

vinca isminos, daesvas laxvari gulsa xeuli.

mibrZanes maTad saqebrad Tqma leqsebisa

tkbilisa,

qeba warbTa da wamwamTa, TmaTa da bage-kbilisa.

brol-badaxSisa Tlilisa, miT mijriT

miwyobilisa.

gastexs qvasaca magarsa gvrdemli tyviisa

lbilisa...

61

CaxruxaZe

Tamariani qeba mefisa Tamarisi (Sesavali, amonaridebi)

... mo, filosofno, sityviTa arsno,

Tamars vaqebdeT gulisxmiersa!

dionosiTgan, viT enosiTgan

srulni qebani amZleT Zliersa!..

... Suqni krTebian, emuqfebian,

zual iCinebs daqadebulad.

gulisa nebo, mzeo, inebo,

Tamar Cans Senad rusxa mklebulad...

... vin Cndes samyaros, alva ayaros,

an Tamar Cndebis ganmTavrebulad,

meSurneobdes, rad mimyvanobdes,

rome vin iyos moSorvebulad...

... Tamar wynari, Sesawynari,

xma-narnari, pir-mcinari,

mze-mcinari, saCinari,

wyali mqnari, momdinari...

... vin ars ebani? vin ars, bani,

ara ars saTni saxelovnebad!

man caTa maris, manca Tamaris

gan mze abnela maciskrovneblad?...

62

... vin Cnda sawmisad, msgavsad aw misad

winaswar-mTqmeli moswavebulad

cad, saydrad, Rrublad,

Rawv-brol-vard Sublad,

Tamar, Sen gicnob gancxadebulad...

...yo-Ra mizeniT, moxeda zeniT

Tamar Suq-mensa, naTeliersa...

... mtkiced aqvs sjuli, Cans marT-msajuli,

mas rom uxmoben RmrTis saxiersa.

uZrwis havari, sturfobs javari

mSvidsa da wrfelsa da lmobiersa...

ioane SavTeli

abdulmesiani (amonaridebi)

... SemokrbiT, brZenno, aTonelT Zeno,

Tamars vaqebdeT mefed cxebulsa, ...

... viwyo-Ra qebad, Zvil Sekadrebad,

msmenelT vauwyo qveynis mpyrobeli,

mxne, lmobieri, qveli, Zlieri,

haerovani, mtkiced mflobeli,

Saravand-gmiri, orgulT gamgmiri,

mterTa qvesknelad damamxobeli,

63

ritori, brZeni, mefeTa Zeni,

asparezTa zed msparaznobeli...

... aqvs sasoeba mas, saTnoeba,

sarwmunoeba siyvaruliTa.

madlTa talanti, savsed balanti

Seukrebies TviT surviliTa...

... turfa saxiTa cxovlad saxiTa

moyme, mxne, uxvi daibadeni...

... iyvis ra zmiTa, uricxv razmiTa,

gulis-mdebelad TvisTa spaTaTvis,

gorgasliani, daviTiani

droSa iaxlis msrvelad mterTaTvis...

... loms Zliereba, mzes brwyinvaleba,

muSks surneleba Sengan mieca;...

...Tvali xar brmaTa, TviT mzrdeli yrmaTa,

mSierTa puri, usaxlT sarTuli,

mama obolTa, msajuli qvrivTa,

SiSvelT samoslad moniWebuli,...

...Sen, goniero, gulisxmiero,

TviT mecniero, mefev Zliero,

miuxdomelo, miuwvdomelo,

miuTxrobelo, wrfel-saxiero,

ganaTlebulo, ganaxlebulo,

gabrwyinebulo, mzeo ciero,

galaRebulo, galomebulo,

kvla goliaTo, gul-lmobiero!..

... moimuSaken, RvawliT moimken

64

saTnoebaTa mWleuloba.

xar sibrZnis vazi, naTlis embazi,

sulisa qnari, RmrTis mxilveloba.

mefev maRalo, qceva-mdabalo,

lomisa msgavso Zalad da gulad,

alvisa rtoo, yovlad martoo,

mWvretT sasurvelo mosarxevelad,

SuqTa mfenebo, TviT ganmTenebo

ze-samyarosa, merme qve-velad!...

mefe Teimuraz pirveli

Tamaris saxe daviT garejas

mefeni movlen surviliT, Sensa saxesa hmoneben,

Seuracxyofen mnaTobTa, naTlad ar moigoneben,

sxiv-mosierad gimzeren, ukvdav-myofelad

ggoneben,

iSveben, maTTa patiJTa maT lxinTa Seuwoneben.

Sen samebao, erT-arsebao, sam-gvamovnebiT erTo,

ganuwvalebelo,

erT bunebao, uSobelo da Zeo Sobilo, sulo

mamisagan gamomavalo,

65

mosavsa Sensa mefesa, patrons Teimuraz,

meox meyav.

odes moxvide gankiTxvad, qriste, da gamoCndes

madli, dideba

Seni da dasjde cxovelTa da mkvdarTa

msajulad, da ganarCevde

cxovarTa TikanTagan, nu warmavlen marcxeniT

kerZo,

Secodebulsa amas monasa Sensa, aramed momec

Sendoba braleulsa.

dedao usxeulosa naTlisao da mSobelo

sityvisao RvTisao,

saydaro, etlo, Rrubelo naTlisao, me

dabnelebulsa amas

codvaTagan, miTxove Zisa Senisagan

Sendoba bralTagan.

romelni miemTxvivneT Cemsa amas mciresa

naRvawsa – aRsarebasa

wmindaisa samebisasa, gafucebT cxovelsa

mas RmerTsa yovelTasa,

Sendobas hyofdeT Cem codvilsa amis mefisa

TeimurazisaTvis,

raTa qristeman Tqvenca mogces misisa

sasufevelis mkvidroba

da kurTxevisa xmisa misisa smena. amin!

66

rafiel erisTavi

Tamariani (nawyveti istoriuli poemidan)

gardaicvala Tamari. Caesvena qarTlis mTvare,

ubedursa saqarTvelos dRe daadga diax mware,

eri iglovda Sav dResa, dastiroda didi, mdare,

avedrebdnen imis sulsa da sdioda cremli

cxare!..

gaqra mTiebi, mze Tamar, mTlad saqarTvelos

mflobeli,

`rkinis palodgan SavSeTiT, gurgenis zRvamde

mpyrobeli,

erTgulTa jildos mimcemi, urCebTa damamxobeli,

deda da mefe qarTvelTa, laSa-giorgis mSobeli~.

qal-vaJi darCa netarsa, meti ar esva Svilebi:

laSa-giorgi, rusudan, turfani, kvalad

zrdilebi,

maT dauteva moymeni, masTanve gamozrdilebi,

erTgulni, gamWriaxeni da WirSi gamocdilebi.

samefo darCa Zlieri, kargebTan dasadaria,

eklesiebiT Semkuli iyo aq mTa da baria.

67

saswavleblebiT mbrwyinvales hyvanda mravali

jaria.

imaTTa mopirdapires erTxel ar gauxaria!..

cixeebiT, qalaqebiT samefo iyo mkobili,

navTsayudelni gemebiT, navebiT gamowyobili,

dideba Tamar mefisa mefeebs hqondaT cnobili,

zogni aZlevdnen xarkebsa da zogi iyo Zmobili...

grigol orbeliani

Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi

Sens wminda saxes,

mSvenebiT savses,

saxierebiT gansxivebulsa.

vumzer krZalviTa,

TayvancemiTa,

cremlmoreuli gemTxvevi ferxTa!

mixaris-gimzer,

vwuxvar-da gimzer

da esreT mzera msurs sikvdilamde,

ar gamovfxizlde,

rom aRar vgrZnobde

68

Cemi samSoblos suliT dacemas!

yvavilovani

walkoti Seni,

Senis didebis sxivmoklebuli,

aRara hSvenis,

aRar gvibrwyinvis

Sav droTa ZaliT ferwaxdenili!

da, viT ganvlilsa

sizmarsa tkbilsa,

mzes didebulad Casvenebulsa,

vigonebT Sens dros,

guli gvimagros,

srulad ar wavswydeT cis Semrisxavni!

xniT damaSvralni,

daRonebuli,

Senadve, mefev, movel vedrebiT:

moxedo bedkruls

Sens satrfos-mamuls

da jvariT SeniT akurTxo kvalad.

Seni iveri aRsdges Zlieri

da dadges erad sxva erTa Soris,

wmidiT saydariT, eniT mdidariT,

swavlisa SuqiT ganaTebuli!

zneamaRlebiT, Zlevis dadebiT,

samSoblo miwis siyvaruliTa!..

da gagvicocxldes,

rom kvlavc mogvesmes

69

sityva qarTuli rusTavelisa.

rom ganviRviZneT,

suliT ganvaxldeT

da ganqres bneli umecrebisa!

marad cad Tvalni

maqvs miqceulni,

da me veRar mcnob gulSemusvrilsa,

damcirebulsa,

xmamiRebulsa,

beddakargulis iveriis Zes!

eWviT aRvsilsa,

usasod qmnilsa,

guluimedos, gauxarebels...

vah, Tu rac waxdes,

veRara aRsdges,

veRar ayvavdes axlis SvenebiT

da rac daeca,

is waritaca,

Savman yoranma viT umwe msxverpli?

eh, cru sofelo,

daundobelo,

SenSi keTili sad ars ferucvlel?

dideba Cveni,

cad sxivmimfeni,

nuTu esRa gvaqvs, vxedavT rasaca?

dayruebulsa,

gzaSeuvalsa,

70

udaburs tyeSi taZars darRveuls,

sad saxe mefis,

didis Tamaris,

sCans Zvels kedelze gamoxatulad!

akaki wereTeli

* * *

... gana Tamarni qveynad kvdebian?

saukunidan saukuneSi

ise, viT mTvare, gaaxldebian.

mxolod sikvdilis Semdeg iwyeba

maTi sicocxle dauviwyari

da saTayvanod samaradisod

saero gulis eRebaT kari.

meca yovel wams Tamari saTno

Tvalwin mexatvis gabrwyinvebuli,

imis gamo maqvs suliskveTeba

da misTvis miZgers siwmindiT guli,

is aris Cemi wminda wmindaTa,

Cemi sulisdgma, Cemi gulisdgma,

Cemi arsebis gamaspetaki...

wminda mironi da aiazma...

71

vaJa fSavela didi Tamari

qalo, qarTvelTa sulis dgmav,

qalo,¸qarTvelTa dedao!

tyuilad vambobT Sens sikvdils,

Tamars cocxalsa gxedao.

rusTvelis qebas Cveulo,

mec qebas gagibedao.

ros vgrZnob, imisebr ver vmReri,

rad ar vCumdebi netao?!

ar mogewonos, iqneba,

sTqva: `risTvis iTavxedao,

monad aRzrdilma moleqsem

salami gamibedao?!~

Sen TvalT sxivebma amagzno,

damaTro, amaybedao.

saunjev saTnoebisa,

Cemic miiRe qebao,

vinme sawyalis fSavlisa!

cremli aRara mSrebao.

Tamaris salocavSia

mosCans fSavlebis krebao.

SenTvis msxverplisa SewirviT

qal-vaJi vera ZRebao,

SenTvis daklulis cxvar-Zroxis

72

didi Caxtebi dgebao.

gulSi gvinTixar lamprada,

naTobs da ara hqrebao.

Sens da SoTais marjvenas

vemTxvie, zedi-zedao.

Sena xar eris sicocxle,

Tavi ar momikvdebao!

mowyaled gveqmen qarTvelTa,

Cveno lamazo dedao!

kolau nadiraZe

Tamaris kurTxeva

ukve mesamed sveticxovlis Camohkres zarebs.

kaTalikosi, xelapyrobiT mlocvelebs elis...

da ha, aReben uxucesni samefo karebs-

SemohyavT Tamar ferSemkrTali da TavSiSveli.

umanko Rawvebs, efineba sanTlebis sxivi.

TeTri samosi bisonisa tanzed dahyria.

mamis naboZi yels umSvenebs margalitT mZivi

da wamwamebi giSrisani qveviT dahxria.

SemohyavT Tamar da... uecrad axmiandeba,

agugundeba winaparTa savane didi.

goliaTebad Carazmuli Setortmandeba

73

aTabagebis da raindTa rigebi mSvidi.

daviTis saxlis sagvarovno `osanas~ xmebi

smenas utkboben daCoqebuls trapezis wina.

acxeben mirons da gvirgviniT damZimdnen

Tmebi...

oqros kankeli mis winaSe sanTlebiT,

brwyinavs...

Sewyda galoba da gaisma: `mefe Tamari!~

sakmevlis nislSi odnav arCevs

mRvdelmTavrebs Tvali.

nela adgeba, Sepyrobili idumal ZaliT...

aha, mas welze Semoartyes farTe qamariT,

viT mTavarsardals uzenaess, vaxtangis

xmalic.

RvTaebriv saxes, kidev bavSvurs, vardisfrad

Rebavs

oqros, porfiris da Zvirfasi Tvlebis ciali.

usmens zarebis grialsa da qebaTa qebas.

Tvalebs sWris Suqze raindebis abjarT

kriali.

is veRar amCnevs didebulTa Tavdaxril

krebuls.

idumal gancdiT misi Subli TiTqos fiTrdeba.

axedavs gumbaTs sasoebiT, wams Cafiqrdeba

da netarebiT gauRimebs xalxs daCoqebuls.

74

lado asaTiani

cixis sizmari

roca mTavre Sewyvets kaSkaSs

da bnels Semoixvevs

ise, rogorc daRlil vaJkacs

mZimed sZinavs cixes.

sZinavs cixes, natamali

xmac ar akrTobs smenas,

sZinavs, fiqrebs alamazebs

da sizmarSi xedavs,

rom mis beber galavanze

arwivebi sxedan.

rom kvlav ismens ZvelTa, velTa

niav-qaris nanas,

rom mis beber saZirkvelTan

qarTvelebi dganan,

rom dilisken, roca dneba

muqi Suqi mTvaris,

galavanze gadmodgeba

saqarTvelos Tvali.

ixureba jixurebad

daRrubluli sivrce,

dedofali iyureba

artanujis mxrisken.

75

sZinavs cixes, janiani

TrTis da sizmrad xedavs:

es qarTvelTa jari aris

Tu uRrani xeTa,

es nislia Cveneburi

mzesaviT rom moCans,

Tu qarTvelTa Zveleburi

Calisferi droSa?

visken moaqvT es almebi,

vis uxdian CaCqans;

es Tamari esalmeba

saqarTvelos laSqars.

ixureba jixurebad

daRrubluli sivrce.

es Tamari iyureba

artanujis mxrisken!

sZinavs cixes, magram diliT

mze rom iwyebs kaSkaSs,

eRviZeba, rogorc ZiliT

dasvenebul vaJkacs.

eRviZeba, rogorc sisxliT

gagiJebul mxedars,

eRviZeba, magram ZilSi

naxuls veRar xedavs;

veRar xedavs gaavdeba

aSlis xavsis balans

da gruxunebs naadrevi

76

gazafxulis gvarad.

mere isev alamazebs

sizmriT Tavis sve-beds

da xavsian galavanze

arwivebi Tvlemen.

aleko Sengelia

Tamaris cixe

gza mTas ahyveba da maRla midis

da mTa zviadi Sav Rrublebs ixvevs.

aq gamoCndeba Tamaris xidi,

iq gabrwyindeba Tamaris cixe.

avyvebi biliks da mTaTa zeviT,

isev mTis kalTebs misdevs biliki

piraqeT xidi Cans ZvelisZveli

da kvlav mrisxane cixe-piriqiT.

vkiTxav moxucebs krZalviT da ridiT:

- ra nangrevia im mTebis zemoT?

- zemoT cixea, qvemoT ki xidi

Tamar mefisa, batono Cemo!

ubrwyinavT Tvali da winaparTa

warmodgebian wmida landebi.

me vgviandebi Zvel cixis karTan

da mixaria rom vgviandebi.

77

vaxtang nadareiSvili

Tamar qvaSi?! (Tamar mefe, CaxruxaZe, - qandakebebi nikolaZisa)

qalo, qalo, qarTlis sZalo,

qoSwiTela dedofalo,

TeTri marmarilos qva var-

Zeglad unda gageTalo...

bage qvaSi,

Rawvni qvaSi,

dedofalis Tamarisa?...

misi TavSlis,

mklavTa gaSlis,

an Zu lomis fafarisa,

vin SeiZlos gaqvaveba...

- gaqvaveba Tamarisa...

vin mostacos Zvali spilos,

- vards kokori, saaprilos,

weli misebr vin awvrilos...

nuqardini daamarcxa,

daRlilia, miiZinos...

daamarcxa nuqardini,

qarTlis droSad is mandili-Srialebda!..

daRlilia miiZinos,

pirs Rimili dairbinos...

78

viT gaqvavdes moSriale foCi droSis,

viT miwynardes mobakune misi qoSi...

dedofalis Tamarisa-

saqarTvelos uWknob SroSnis.

tabaxmelas miiZina,

wamwamebi miimZiva,

Rawvni spilosZvalobda,

angelosi hgalobda...

mcxeTas samwyso hgalobda...

dedofalma miiZina-

gvidgas fericvaloba...

tabaxmelas miiZina,

bage gaisifrifana,

mcxeTas samwyo hgalobda:

`sulTa Tana... sulTa Tana...

abreSumi gadifara,

TeTri mkerdi usarCula,

dedofalma miiZina,

sayureni miaCuma...

wkarunoben uzangebi,

qoSs eZeben uzangebi-

dedofalis pawa terfebs,

uzangebSi gamofifqulT-

viTarc peplebs...

wkarunoben uzangebi

lurja mernis frTamalisa,

pawa terfebs daeZeben

79

Tamarisas... Tamarisas...

vumzer Rawvebs saspilosZvles,

pirze dayril aspirozebs,

eg bagebi, eg Rawvebi,

gadaurCnen vis ocnebas?..

qarTlSi darCa Seni sunTqva,

TrialeTze isosneba...

qarTlSi darCa eg tanweli,

odes fiqrTa Sesavlebad,

wiTel qoSTa ver vemTxvie,

ver gaduvel Sensa nebas...

qoSis iagundebi,

qoSis margalitebi,

viT gund-gundad gvritebi,

anu SroSnis kvirtebi-

damrCnen miumTxvevelni,

veRar mivuambore,

bagiT veRar gavbrole-

eg wiTeli qoSebi.

- da guls moaklda Seni sitkbo ra

guli uSenod amoitbora...

Tmanawnavi dagiSruli,

bage vardis buCqiani,

Tamar marad salocavi-

Tamar mzea uCrdilavi...

mze da... qvaSi...

Tamar qvaSi,

80

Tamari qvad gaiTalos?

Rimi tuCze rom Seuwyda-

marmarilom daimTavros?

an gvirgvn qveS CamoTlili,

gauTeTrda Tamars Tma ros?..

dedofalo Tamar,

qarTls nu mouRamav,

moabrwyine almasebi,

sxmulni gvirgvin-qamars...

tkbil ars bage Seni,

rbil ars bage Seni,

wamwamebic netar gaibibinebs...

silbos mag bageTa-

- qva viT gairbilebs,

Rimils mag bageTa

- qva viT gaiRimebs...

da ostatmac CaxruxaZes

roca bage amouWra,

mSvid Rimilad Seni bage Seufina,

ise nazad, ise Tbilad,

mnaxvelTa sTqves:

`CaxruxaZes qeba rodi amouWkna~...

da darbazSi dinjad mdgarma

qeba iwyo Tamarisa,

iwyo sityva moumcdarma

da sisvelec ugrZno Tvalma...

`Tamar wynari~...

81

SerCa bages, viTarc baRebs-

yvavilebi...

warmomidga Tamar qali,

qarTul qvisgan gamoTlili,

gvirgvins esxa margaliti-

mobneuli qviriTiviT-

nuTu mtredi RuRunebda-

vardis Zirze daSlil frTiTa,

frTebic imis mklavebs hgavdnen,

yvavils adre danaTrTvilsa...

da vinatre: misi saxe

ra marjvenma gamoTalos...

momiteve, qarTlis sZalo,

qoSwiTela dedofalo...

ana kalandaZe

Soria Tamar

mzis Rimili aRaCina caman,

vards aRmoxda xmai saocari:

fexSiSveli midioda Tamar...

dedofalo, saiT miiCqari?

Zowisferad iriJraJa caman

82

da pepelas aRviZebda qari.

mdumar iyo, naRvlianic iyo...

mze SeiWra naZvis samefoSi...

da Zvirfasi Tan mihqonda mimyols

margalitiT moWedili qoSi.

mdumar iyo, naRvlianic iyo...

mze SeiWra naZvis samefoSi.

rtos arxevda, nams iSrobda naZvi,

yayaCoebs cecxli enToT tanze.

midiodnen, midiodnen ase...

bolo mainc ar uCanda manZils.

rtos arxevda, nams iSrobda naZvi,

yayaCoebs cecxli enToT tanze.

Cumi nami ireklavda arils;

dedofalsac rogor gaecina,

ros pepela aufrinda wina

Wreli pawawina.

arwivi xmobs, niSania daris,

Cumi nami ireklavda arils;

dedofali laRad myofi naxes,

dro miecaT missa CuxCeraxebs,

swamdaT, magram mainc anugeSes:

nuqardini SenTa fexTa qveSe

daafenso Tavis bairaRebs.

erTgan Sedga, Tvali uswro frTamals,

gamarjvebas uyioda Tamars,

beber kldeze arwivi rom ijda,

83

frTas gaSliso saqme SenTa niWTa.

fexebi xom ar tkenia Tamars?

ara, kldeze Tvali uswro frTamals.

mimwuxrisas, mzei roca dacxra,

dedofali locvad idga taZrad...

- gadmogvxede, RvTismSobelo dedao,

gagvimarjve, qarTvelT mterTa zedao,

saqarTvelo Seni wilmimxvdaria,

gagvimarjve, RvTismSobelo mariam...-

mimwuxrisas, mze roca dacxra,

Tamar mefe locvad idga taZrad.

maRal mTebsa isev nisli faravda,

ar fxizlobdnen nuqardinis karavTan:

ris sifxizle? isec bevrni arian!

risi SiSi? uTvalavni arian!

ra xma ismis netav? saocaria...

qristianTa eklesiis zaria?

gaiRviZeT, es xumroba rodia?

rogor, viTom, qarTvelebi modian?

gons movidnen, ze Semosxdnen spiloTa,

aqlemebis spaTa unapiroTa

Cvensken sZravdnen, Cven gvisevdnen risxviTa

gverdSejarulT, samis wyrTisa isriTa.

roca Zala Zalas vera morevsa,

naTqvamia xerxi sjobso Ronesa:

qarTvelebmac `ze ki ar hkres spilosa:

sardlis rCeviT maSxalebi aanTes,

84

aqlem-spilo cecxlis aliT daafrTxes,

erTurTs xocdnen, Tavi veRar gaarTves.

damrTxal mxedarT cxenTac Tavi waarTves.

movida mcxovrebTa mosvrad da Trevad;

movida Tvisive sisxlisa Txevad.

gabrunda ukanve cuddanaSveri

eha, nuqardin, saqmeni Senni...

gezRo esoden borots da Tamams,

gaqra, nuqardin, ocneba amo,

Soria Tamar...

gza fexSiSvelma gamovlo Tamar

Tavis xalxis da samSoblos gamo.

Sen modiodi xatebis lewvad,

Cvens aRsagvelad pirisgan miwis.

qarTvels javSani akvanSi ecva,

man xmlis xmareba akvanSi icis.

gezRo, nuqardin, borots da Tamams,

qarTveli xalxi undoa mterTan

sustia Tamar... mZlavria Tamar...

da arca Rirs xar mis fexTa mtverTa

mowmendad Zvirfas xamlisgan misa.

Sen misTvis brZane dacxroba mzisa,

mze dacxra Senda.

mze aRmoxdeba mis lamaz pirsa,

ros uamboben saqmeTa SenTa.

au, nuqardin, axlaxan mxolod

icvams mzeqali mzeasxmul qoSebs

85

da ananavebs varZiis qari

saqarTvelois uZlevel droSebs.

eha, nuqardin, bedia mwyrali,

gesmis, sulTano, mRera barbiTTa,

xma molxenisa gaWrili velad?

es-Tamar wynari da Sesawynari

Sens alams gzavnis didis ambiTa

Sewirvad gelaTs.

jansuR Carkviani saqarTvelos saxalxo poeti

Tamari

viTarca naTlis Semosvla

brwyinavda cixis cxra karTan,

mas tansa mzei emosa,

gvirgvini edga varskvlavTa.

Tan axldnen angelosebi

nikofsiidan darubands,

afxazebi da osebi,

qarTvelni, raRa Tqma unda.

mters unda Semovumtero

mzeSi nabani sityvani,

netavi im dros, rusTvelo,

yvelani erTad viyaviT.

86

Tmogvi

me veferebi Sens lamaz sxeuls

da veferebi Tamaris kalTas,

cixis qongurze mtredebi sxedan,

qarebi sxedan mtredebis garda.

maRla afrenen qarebi mtredebs

da frTxialeben caSi mtredebi,

me Seni sxiviT savse maqvs mkerdi

midian wlebi da me vberdebi.

me vberdebi da Soridan gixmob,

aTas wlis miRma gadaxvewili,

zed gulze madgas veeba cixe,

karSemtvreuli da dalewili.

zed gulze madgas, rogorc RvTis risxva,

da eqosaviT Soridan gixmob,

Sen SegiZlia, aiRo sisxli

da momaSoro gulidan cixe.

Sen SegiZlia, Tamaris wyaro

momitano da mkerdze masxuro,

rom Semicodo,

rom Semiwyalo,

rom gamacocxlo da mimsaxuro.

gevedrebi da Soridan gixmob,

aTas wels miRma gadaxvewili,-

es me var, Tmogvis veeba cixe,

karSemtvreuli da dalewili.

87

lida stvilia

saqarTvelos rukas...

- Sen samyaros rukas avseb,

- saqarTvelos rukas!..

...eurada!..

salamursac

da Congursac ukrav!..

moCans saqarTvelos ruka

mTel msoflio Walad!

zed-qarTvelur tomTa kreba

afxaz-mesxur-Wanad!

Zgeren svaneT-samegrelo

saqarTvelos janad!..

fSav-kaxeTi... SigadaSig

dganan `papajvarad~!

Tamar mefis saflavs uvlis

saqarTvelos ruka!

vefxvis tyavad dafenilo,

ris daxeva ukan!

ara vilaiTis vali,

vaxSi ar gmarTebs da...

mijaWvuli mainc SenTan

vdgavar laSqar-deda!

88

Sen samyaros rukas avseb,

upirveles yovlis!

velo samkvdro-sasicocxlo

erovnuli brZolis!

vasil gvetaZe

cxra kuboSi Cawolili dedofali

qalTa mwkrivi TavTan enTo kelaptrebad,

zed daadnes borcvad damdgar maRlobs suli.

dro-Jams vWvretT da moTqmas moTqma emateba

warsulidan RrubeliviT wamosuli:

- cxra kuboTi cxra biliks rom gauyvebi,

sad geZeboT, fiqalo da sanTlisfero.

de, momavlis dedebi da Cauqebi

Semokrbnen da es dReebi gaixsenon...

ferfli mainc mimovCxrikoT trfialebiT

(qarTlis miwa Tu aitans mxolod amdens).

sad wasulan is mxedrebi mxrianebi,

dedofals rom acilebdnen bolo gzamde.

89

muxlis CoqviT mzes Sehfices erTguleba,

amis mowme marto munji mTa-baria.

ufro frTxilad moixilon es buneba-

ufro frTxilad... Tamar mefe abaria.

frTxilad, frTxilad, mefe-qali gaiRviZebs,

yvelas Semwe da yvelafris Semndobari...

erT kuboSi mainc gvemcno am yiJinze,

cxra kuboTi damarxuli dedofali.

dagvenaxa erze fiqriT nawamebi,

mis fexTa win saqarTvelo gaitvrinos,

da miwaSi Cawyobili nawnavebi

erTxel kidev gulianad davitiroT.

naTiTarebi Tamar mefisa

am dros metia tanSi sisxli, siTboc, alersic,

mSoblis Jruantels amoitans xom daZaxebac.

modis aqeTken, Cvenken modis, jvris monasterSi

sakurTxevelTan gasusuli SoTas saxeba.

frTis gaSlasaviT sanatreli es dRe ram aris

da es frTebia, sxvis miwaSi wola eyofa.

dRes usaTuod mas Sexvdeba mefe Tamari

da mowiwebiT muxls mouyris SoTa dedofals.

90

bedis ukuRma Sebrunebam ver miaosa,

Savi waiRo, SeaTeTra bindma Tma-wveri,

dRes TviTon SoTa rusTaveli `vefxistyaosans~

Tamars miarTmevs pergamentze mis gadawerils.

Tvalze, cremlebo, TavisTavad isev inTebiT,

sxva samduravi am trialma ra Tqvas bedisam.

...xelSi uWiravs vefxis wigni, Sig TeTr TiTebis

naTiTarebi Cans furclebze Tamar mefisa.

ubiT atarebs, dedofalo... wlebma amdenma

veRar damala da etyoba verc imaleba...

rvaasi weli, ufro metic, veRar amdeba

jvris monasterSi mowriale bedis wvaleba.

TvalTan moqrolil taiWebze, fiqrno narnariT

misken gibiZgebs, vinc akvani Tqveni arwia.

SoTa iqaa, sadac iyo mefe Tamari,

Tmogvi, xerTvisi, gamoWrili kldeSi varZia.

91

baRaTer arabuli

Tamaris samefo (mesxeTis ciklidan)

sevdiT gvavsebs mwvane nisli-

xavsi naakldamaric;

es cixea fridonisi,

es taZrebi Tamaris...

SoriT SurTxis stvena ismis,

vis ugalobs, netav vis?

es mTebia asmaTisi,

es koSkebi nestanis...

naferebi qarTan dilis

mze sxivebiT fantavs nisls;

es zvrebia avTandilis,

es yanebi fatmanis...

nel niavze sunTqavs veli,

namiT nakamkamari;

es mxarea rusTavelis,

da samefo Tamaris...

92

xalxuri Tamaris epitafia I

ubiss avage saydari,

uwylosa wyali vadine,

zRvaSi Cavyare samnebi,

xmeleTi Cemsken movigde,

ispahans davde begara,

stambuls xaraja aviRe,

amdeni saqmis momqmedma

cxra adli tilo waviRe.

II

ros gavizarde, gavivse,

Tavi caTamdis gaviRe,

misreTs xmali vkar, darubands,

mun sabalaxe aviRe.

dasavleTs palo mivwvade,

raxsis wyals gaRma gaviRe.

amdeni saqmis momqmedma

sruli varZias daviRe.

93

xalxuri

Tamar dedofali viyav

Tamar dedofali viyav,

Tavi Zirs aRar daviRe,

zRvaSi Cavyare samnebi,

xmeleTi Cemsken movigde,

qajebsa davde ijara,

ispaan xarji aviRe,

stambuls xmali vkar, darubands,

Sams sabalaxe aviRe,

usieri mTa gavkafe,

didi Saragza gaviRe,

RadaRuda tye viare,

qvaze saydari avige,

amdeni saqmis momqmedma

cxra adli tilo waviRe.

xalxuri

* * *

hoi, sixarulo, Tamar dedofalo,

yvelaze lamazo Tamar dedofalo,

kbil-margaliti, Tval-warb-giSeri,

Savi dalalebi abreSumisa.

94

Tavze muzaradi, welze-javardeni,

atlas kabaze – rkinis abjari,

cxeni-qviSisferi, lagami-oqrosi,

lagami-oqrosi, taxti-vercxlisa.

ecers mobrZandebi - Tamar dedofalo,

Tamar dedofalo, Taimarali,

yvelgan wvimaa da yvelgan Tovlia,

ecers vakeze mze dgas cxraTvala.

95

ori miTi

Tamari. Tamaris dedas sizmari esizmra,

TiTqos Tamars RmerTma mTeli xmeleTi Caabara

sapatronod. sizmari axda: sami Tvis rom

Sesrulda Tamari, akvnidan wamomdgara, jer xel-

piri gadaubania, mere pirjvari gadausaxavs, Ci-

qila dauxuravs, Seuyria jari da wasula zRvis

piras zRvasTan sabrZolvelad.

Tamarma zRvas gadakra Tavisi erTaderTi

iaraRi – Ciqila, gaapo zRva da xmeleTi gamoaC-

ina. Sua zRvaSi samanebi Cayara, rom sazRvari

daedo zRvasa da xmeleTs Soris, wylis erTi

wveTic rom ar gadmoRvriliyo xmeleTze.

miwa rom gamostaca zRvas da daipyro,

yvelaferi gaamzada adamianTa sacxovreblad:

usieri tyeebi gakafa da gzebi gaiyvana, qalaqi

aaSena da xalxi daasaxla, da rkinis WiSkari

Seaba qalaqs.

bolos ki, maRal qedze saydari aago da

zed oqros jvari daadga.

Tavad erT maRal mTaze avida da iq gamarTa

Tavisi sataxto, iqidan marTavda qveynierebas.

Tamars xmeleTis da cis yvela qmnileba

emorCileboda da mis nebas asrulebda: frinve-

lebs qva da qviSa ahqondaT miuwvdomel kldeebze

cixe-koSkebisa da eklesiebis asaSeneblad.

96

Tamars moTrgunuli hyavda eSmaki da raSad

qceuls daaqrolebda mTels Tavis sabrZanebelSi:

dilas rom qveynis erT kideze aSenebda, saRamoTi

meore kideze gaCndeboda, magram zRva bolomde

ar iyo damorCilebuli, Tavisi simdidre jer

kidev ar gaeca misTvis.

maSin adga Tamari da xelmeored gaemarTa

zRvasTan saomrad da male modrika igi: qarebs

ubrZana, yoveli kuTxidan moetanaT Cala da bze,

gamxmari fiCxi da Tiva, rac ki xmeleTze ipove-

boda, da zRvaSi CaeyaraT. mere Tamarma navTi

daasxmevina zed da cecxli moakidebina. abrialda

cecxli zRvis zedapirze, Sewuxda zRva da SeuT-

vala Tamars, oRond nu gadambugav da, rasac

mTxov mogcemo.

daeTanxma Tamari da zRvam Tavisi jurR-

mulebidan gamougzavna cxovelebi, Tval-

margaliti da didZali dovlaTi.

xalxis TqmulebiT, Tamari ar momkvdara,

mxolod mZinare oqros kuboSi asvenia, kubo sai-

dumlo adgilas aris da angelozebi icaven. mova

dro da Tamari gaiRviZebs. es maSin moxdeba, ro-

ca xalxi metismetad Sewuxdeba da sicocxlis

saso gadaewureba. maSin aRdgeba Tamari, Zlevs

mters da qveynierebis xelmwifobas daibrunebs.

mis samefoSi maradiuli gazafxuli iqneba.

97

Tamaris samoTxe. Tavdapirvelad Tamar

dedofals taxti ialbuzis mTaze edga. mis same-

foSi maradiuli zafxuloi iyo, zamTari ar

icoda. Tovli ar modioda arc mTaze, arc barSi.

mTel weliwads ganuwyvetliv gaismoda gugulis

xma; erTi piri xexili rom yvaoda, meore mwifda

da ase enacvlebodnen erTmaneTs mTel weliwads.

Jamidan Jamze Tamari Cavidoda xolme barad Tavi-

si samefos mosaxilvelad da isev ukan brun-

deboda. magram umetes nawils mTaze Tavis sas-

axleSi atarebda, saidanac mTeli qveyniereba

xelisguliviT Canda.

Tamaris maradiul samefoSi arc sneuleba

iyo, arc sikvdili, radgan dro ar gadioda. ase

imitom iyo, rom Tamars dro-Jamisa da zamTar-

zafxulis gamCeni Suqurvarskvlavi, sxvanairad

ciskris varskvlavi hyavda datyvevebuli.

erTxelac, roca Tamarma barSi Casvla moi-

surva, sasaxlis mcvelad Tavisi erTguli msax-

uri datova da daariga: Sen gabareb mTel sas-

axles. ha, Tormeti oTaxis klite, yvela oTaxis

gaReba SegiZlia, garda meTormetisa. meTormete

oTaxi arafriT ar gaaRo. Tamars swored am

meTormete oTaxSi hyavda gamomwyvdeuli frTiani

sulRumi (zRapruli ucxo frinveli).

Cavida barad Tamari da darCa misi sasaxle

msaxuris anabara. msaxuri cnobismoyvareobam ai-

98

tana, netav ra aris im meTormete oTaxSi dam-

alulio? ratom amikrZala dedofalma misi gaRe-

bao. ver moiTmina da sul pirvelad swored am

akrZaluli oTaxis kari gaaRo. gaiRo Tu ara

kari, gamofrinda iqidan sulRumi da caSi gauCi-

narda. ca moiRrubla, qariSxali atyda, movida

qarbuqi da Tovlma dafara mTeli mTa sas-

axliTurT. msaxuri mixvda, Tu ratom ukrZalav-

da dedofali meTormete oTaxis gaRebas, magram

ra eRona? gvianRa iyo sinanuli.

Tamari am dros eklesias aSenebda baRdaTSi.

Senobas WeriRa aklda, rom kalatozebma moax-

senes: dedofalo qvebs Wirxli moekida da veRar

veweviTo. Tamari mixvda, rom msaxurma akrZalva

daarRvia da wamsve gaswia mTisken. roca ial-

buzis kalTebTan mivida, dainaxa TovliT

gadalesili mTa, sasaxlec ar Canda. Tamarma veR-

ar SeZlo mTaze asvla da darCa barad da daiwyo

dro-Jamma dineba. amieridan dRemde zafxuls Se-

modgoma mosdevs, Semodgomas-zamTari, zamTars-

gazafxuli da ase brunavs weliwadi, erTmaneTs

enacvlebian weliwadis droebi.

99

savedrebeli locva

RmrTivsaTnoiTa mefobiTa da saqmiTa mo-

RuawebisaiTa gabrwyinebulo moqalaqeo zecisa

ierusalimisao, wmidao Tamar! zesTambrZolo

qarTvelTao da siqadulo dedaTao, mowyaleo,

urisxvelo, glaxakTa xelis-aRmpyrobelo da

davrdomilTa mswrafl-Semweo, oxiTa SeniTa

ganmamxiarulebelo mWmunvareTao da simtkiceo

da Zalo sarwmunoebiTa Sendami moltolvilTao!

wmindaTa Soris didebulo da dedaTa So-

ris keTilmsaxurebiTa ganbrwyinebulo, yovladsa-

kvirvelo mefeo Tamar! dedobrivisa Senisa gul-

mowyalebiTa Segvawynaren Sen mier Seyuarebulsa

tkbilsa iesus, RmerTsa Cuensa, raiTa usa-

zRvroiTa mowyalebiTa TvisiTa moxedos dedisa

Tvisisa wilxvdomilsa ersa Cuensa, mtvirTvelsa

saufloisa juarisaisa queyanasa zeda da daicvas

mterisa safrTxisagan da ZmaTa mterobisagan,

xolo sarwmunoebai Cueni missa mimarT kualad

ganaaxlos da aRgvidginos cxebuli Zirisagan

daviTisa, romeli ZaliTa juarisaiTa mohkr-

Zalavs zogad yovelTa sazRuarTa saqarTve-

loisasa da aRamaRlebs da aRadgens simaRlesa

da Zlierebasa Cuensa queyaniT daviwyebisaiT,

raiTa viyoT erT samwyso da ufali iyos mwyems

Cuenda. ganaZliere msaxurebasa Sina uwmidesi da

100

unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelois kaTolikos

patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi da

biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti,

didi meufe, mamai Cueni ilia, yovladsamRvdeloni

mitropolitni, mTavarepiskoposni, patiosanni

mRvdelni, qristes mier diakonni da yovelni

samonazvno wesni, ziarni marTlmadidebelisa

eklesiisani da yovelni marTlmorwmuneni

qristianeni.

WeSmaritad brZeno mefeo da axovano mo-

Ruaweo, gvirgvinosano Tamar, didebulo! kualad

aRipyren RuawliT Semosilni xelni Senni zecaTa

meufisa mimarT, romlis winaSe RmrTivbrwyin-

valiTa gvirgviniTa didebul-xar, sanatrelo, da

gviTxove, raiTa mohmadlos eklesiaTa didebai,

samRvdeloTa patiosnebai, mTavarTa keTilad

mwysai erisai, mxedarTa mamacobai, erisaganTa

ucodvelobai da dedaTa krZalulebai, xolo

Cuen moguaniWos keTil-moqalaqeobiT cxovrebai,

quelis saqmiTa ganSuenebai, wmidiTa locviTa

ganaTlebai, aRsarebiTa ganwmedai, ziarebiTa

gabrwyinvebai, patiosnad micualebai, sasufevelsa

damkvidrebai, angelozTa Tana galobai, wmidaTa

Tana sufevai da Sen Tana didebai da madlobai,

rameTu misa hSuenis yoveli didebai, pativi da

Tayuaniscemai, Tana mamiT da suli wmidiTurT, aw

da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.

101

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. `qarTlis cxovreba~

2. `qarTveli eris istoria~

3. `giorgi merCule~ - pavle ingoroyva

4. saqarTvelos istoriis gamocemebi

(sxvadasxva)

5. `sapatriarqos uwyebani~ (sxvadasxva)

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa _ paata axraxaZe

102

sarCevi wminda mefe Tamari ..................................................................... 4 zogi ram TqmulTagan wminda mefeze ............................... 60 SoTa rusTaveli - vefxistyaosani (ramdenime nawyveti dasawyisidan) ................. 60 CaxruxaZe - Tamariani, qeba mefisa Tamarisi, (Sesavali, amonaridebi) ............................... 61 ioane SavTeli - abdulmesiani (amonaridebi) ............. 62 mefe Teimuraz pirveli - Tamaris saxe daviT garejas ................................... 64 rafiel erisTavi - Tamariani, (nawyveti istori-

uli poemidan) ................................... 66 grigol orbeliani - Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi ........................................ 67 akaki wereTeli, *** gana Tamarni qveynad kvdebian? .............................................. 70 vaJa fSavela - didi Tamari ................................................ 71 kolau nadiraZe - Tamaris kurTxeva ............................... 72 lado asaTiani - cixis sizmari ......................................... 74 aleko Sengelia - Tamaris cixe ......................................... 76 vaxtang nadareiSvili - Tamar qvaSi?! (Tamar mefe, CaxruxaZe, - qandakebebi nikolaZisa).. 77 ana kalandaZe - Soria Tamar ................................................ 81 jansuR Carkviani - Tamari ..................................................... 85 Tmogvi ................................................... 86 lida stvilia - saqarTvelos rukas... .......................... 87 vasil gvetaZe - cxra kuboSi Cawolili dedofali 88 naTiTarebi Tamar mefisa ..................... 89 baRaTer arabuli - Tamaris samefo (mesxeTis ciklidan) ........................................... 91 xalxuri- Tamaris epitafia. Tamar dedofali viyav. 92 ori miTi ........................................................................................... 95 savedrebeli locva .................................................................... 99 gamoyenebuli literatura .................................................... 101