tAle of b contents - AAA · 2020. 7. 10. · How drive Instructor Guide 3 tAle of b contents...

3How drive Instructor Guide

tAble of contents

chApter1Managing Risk When Driving

I. A Driver’s License — What Does it Mean?a) The license ..................................................................................................................10b) Driving safely ..............................................................................................................10c) Good habits ................................................................................................................10d) Additional demands ....................................................................................................10

II. Driving Experience and Riska) It does not happen overnight .....................................................................................11b) The facts about teen driving ........................................................................................11c) Primary crash factors ..................................................................................................12d) Judging risk ................................................................................................................13e) The odds .....................................................................................................................13f) Overestimating ability .................................................................................................13g) Guidelines ...................................................................................................................13

III. Characteristics of Riska) Risk Prevalence ...........................................................................................................14b) Assessing risk ..............................................................................................................14c) Major factors ..............................................................................................................15d) Running off a straight roadway ..................................................................................15e) Blocked vision .............................................................................................................16f) Enhancing your visibility ............................................................................................16g) Other roadway users ...................................................................................................17h) Separating potential hazards ......................................................................................18

IV. Risk Management Techniquesa) Making an aggressive visual search .............................................................................19b) Making good decisions with this information .............................................................19c) Acting on your decisions .............................................................................................20

V. The Licensing Processa) Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) and risk ...............................................................20b) How GDL works ........................................................................................................20c) The licensing stages .....................................................................................................20d) How can parents be involved? ....................................................................................21

VI. Parent-Teen Driving Agreementsa) Parent-teen driving agreement ....................................................................................24b) Using a parent-teen driving agreement ........................................................................25

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VII. Chapter 1 Review: Managing Risk When Driving Answer Key

VIII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Parent-Teen Driving Agreement u Video: Young Drivers/The High Risk Years

chApter2Getting Acquainted with the Vehicle You Will Drive I. Pre-Driving Checks a) Forming good habits ...................................................................................................30 b) Approaching the vehicle ..............................................................................................30 c) Outside the vehicle ......................................................................................................30

II. Under the Hood Checks ..................................................................................................31

III. Pre-Drive Sequence .......................................................................................................32

IV. Adjusting the Vehicle to Your Preferences a) Seat-adjustment controls .............................................................................................33 b) Body position ..............................................................................................................33 c) The area around your car ...........................................................................................34

V. Steering Wheel Hand Position and Grip a) Steering Wheel/Column Adjustment ...........................................................................34 b) Hand position .............................................................................................................35 c) Grip ............................................................................................................................35

VI. Mirror Settings and Use a) Adjusting the mirrors ..................................................................................................36 b) The inside mirror ........................................................................................................36 c) Side-view mirrors ........................................................................................................36 d) Using the mirrors ........................................................................................................37

VII. Occupant Protection a) Safety restraints ..........................................................................................................38 b) Head restraints ...........................................................................................................39 c) Air bags ......................................................................................................................39

VIII. Speed and Directional Inputs a) Gear selector lever ......................................................................................................41 b) Using the overdrive gear .............................................................................................41 c) Accelerator pedal ........................................................................................................41 d) Brake pedal .................................................................................................................41 e) Clutch pedal ...............................................................................................................41 f) Parking brake .............................................................................................................42 g) Cruise/speed control ...................................................................................................42

IX. Communication and Visibility Features a) The horn .....................................................................................................................43


b) Turn-signal lever .........................................................................................................43 c) Hazard flashers ...........................................................................................................43 d) Windshield wipers and washers ..................................................................................43 e) Headlights ..................................................................................................................44 f) High/low headlight switch ..........................................................................................44 g) Heater, defroster and air conditioning .........................................................................44 h) Hood release ...............................................................................................................45 i) Trunk or hatch release ................................................................................................45 j) Fuel-door release .........................................................................................................45

X. The Instrument Panel a) Gauges and lights ........................................................................................................46 b) The dashboard ............................................................................................................46 c) Other devices ..............................................................................................................46

XI. Chapter 2 Review: Getting Acquainted with the Vehicle You Will Drive Answer Key

XII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Worksheet 2a – Checks Under the Hood u Worksheet 2b – Control and Information Device Symbols u Worksheet 2c – Instrument Cluster u Worksheet 2a – Checks Under the Hood Answer Key u Worksheet 2b – Control and Information Device Symbols Answer Key u Worksheet 2c – Instrument Cluster Answer Key u Factsheet 2a – Occupant Protection u DVD – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership for Survival, stock #3215 u Video – Reducing Your Risk in the Crash u Newspaper and magazine articles

chApter3Understanding Vehicle Space Needs, Natural Laws and Balance I. The Controls: Accelerating, Braking and Steering a) The controls ................................................................................................................52 b) Visual input ................................................................................................................52 c) Relating to other objects .............................................................................................52

II. Vehicle Operating Space a) Operating space ..........................................................................................................53 b) The need for space ......................................................................................................53 c) Miscalculating space ...................................................................................................53 d) Planed path of travel ...................................................................................................54 e) Visual referencing .......................................................................................................54

III. Road Surface and Traction a) Traction ......................................................................................................................55 b) Traction varies ............................................................................................................55 c) Surface materials .........................................................................................................55

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d) Substances on the road ...............................................................................................56 e) Surface conditions .......................................................................................................56 f) Temperature changes ..................................................................................................56 g) Other factors ..............................................................................................................57 h) Roadway design ..........................................................................................................57 i) Shoulders ....................................................................................................................58

IV. Natural Laws and Traction a) Five factors influence the effect of Inertia ....................................................................59 b) Gravity .......................................................................................................................59 c) Driving downhill .........................................................................................................59 d) Kinetic energy .............................................................................................................59

V. Vehicle-Suspension Balance and Traction a) Single vehicle crashes ..................................................................................................60 b) A matter of balance ...................................................................................................60 c) Weight distribution .....................................................................................................60 d) Changing vehicle suspension load ...............................................................................62 1. Front to rear ...........................................................................................................62 2. Rear to front ...........................................................................................................62 3. Side to side ..............................................................................................................62 e) Maximizing traction ...................................................................................................63 f) Seating position ..........................................................................................................63

VI. Chapter 3 Review: Understanding Vehicle Space Needs, Natural Laws and Balance Answer Key

VII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Parent/Teen Handbook Teaching Your Teens to Drive u Newspaper and magazine articles

chApter4Starting, Steering, and Stopping the Vehicle I. Starting the Engine ........................................................................................................68

II. Effective Steering ...........................................................................................................68

III. Steering Techniques a) Three techniques .........................................................................................................69 b) Hand-to-hand steering ................................................................................................69 c) Hand-over-hand steering .............................................................................................70 d) One handed steering ...................................................................................................70 e) Steering while backing ................................................................................................70

IV. Steering Errors a) Improper steering ........................................................................................................71 b) Sudden steering input ..................................................................................................71 c) Following an intended path of travel ..........................................................................71 d) Passing stationary objects ...........................................................................................72

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e) Steering corrections .....................................................................................................72 f) Road feel ....................................................................................................................73 g) Power steering ............................................................................................................73

V. Positioning Your Foot to Operate Accelerator and Brake Pedals a) Using the right foot .....................................................................................................73 b) Placement of the left foot ............................................................................................74 c) Using both feet ............................................................................................................74

VI. Accelerating the Vehicle a) Before shifting gear .....................................................................................................74 b) Accelerating ................................................................................................................75 c) Four levels of acceleration ...........................................................................................75

VII. Braking and Decelerating a) Stopping smoothly ......................................................................................................76 b) Practice is key .............................................................................................................76 c) Effective braking .........................................................................................................76 d) Four levels of deceleration .........................................................................................77 e) Stopping time ..............................................................................................................77 f) Road friction or grip ...................................................................................................78 g) Sudden stops without an anti-lock braking system ......................................................78

VIII. Vehicles Equipped with an Anti-Lock Braking System a) How ABS works .........................................................................................................79 b) Emergency braking ....................................................................................................79

IX. Vehicles Not Equipped with an Anti-Lock Braking System ..........................................80

X. Power Brakes and Signaling Before Braking a) Power brakes ..............................................................................................................80 b) Changing vehicles .......................................................................................................80 c) Signaling a stop ...........................................................................................................81 d) Hand signals ...............................................................................................................81 e) Early warnings ............................................................................................................81

XI. Backing a) Take your time ............................................................................................................82 b) Maintain control .........................................................................................................82 c) Backing straight or to the right ...................................................................................83 d) Backing to the left ......................................................................................................84

XII. Stopping and Securing the Vehicle ................................................................................85

XIII. Chapter 4 Review: Starting, Moving, and Stopping the Vehicle Answer Key

XIV. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u DVD – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership for Survival, stock #3215 u Parent/Teen Handbook Teaching Your Teens to Drive u Newspaper and magazine articles u Steering wheel

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chApter5Traffic Control Devices I. Traffic Control Devices a) Definition and purpose ...............................................................................................90 b) Communication modes ...............................................................................................90

II. Colors a) Colors communicate meaning .....................................................................................90 b) General meaning .........................................................................................................91 c) Symbols and words .....................................................................................................91

III. Sign Types a) Regulatory signs .........................................................................................................92 b) Warning signs .............................................................................................................94 c) Guide signs .................................................................................................................98 d) International symbols .................................................................................................99 e) Route numbering ........................................................................................................99 f) Interstate spurs and loops .........................................................................................100

IV. Traffic Signals a) Indicate right-of-way ................................................................................................100 b) Signal sequence .........................................................................................................101 c) Light positions ..........................................................................................................101

V. Pedestrian Signals .......................................................................................................102

VI. Pavement Markings a) Yellow markings .......................................................................................................103 b) Shared left-turn lanes ................................................................................................105 c) White markings ........................................................................................................106 d) Restricted-lane markings ...........................................................................................107

VII. Chapter 5 Review: Traffic Control Devices Answer Key

VIII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u State/Commonwealth/Province Driver’s Guides u Video – Teaching Your Teens to Drive: Lesson 7 u Video – Signs, Signals and Markings u Video – Getting Safely Past the Orange Barrels (Workzonesafety.org) u Newspaper and magazine articles u Signs quiz u Signs quiz answer key u Signs Worksheet 5a u Signs Worksheet 5a Answer Sheet

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chApter6Traffic Laws I. Traffic Laws ..................................................................................................................112

II. Administrative Laws a) State laws ..................................................................................................................112 b) Licensing ...................................................................................................................112 c) Financial responsibility .............................................................................................114 d) Vehicle ownership and registration ...........................................................................115

III. Rules of the Road a) Motor vehicle code ...................................................................................................116 b) Right-of-way .............................................................................................................117

IV. Traffic Control Laws a) Obedience to traffic control devices ..........................................................................126 b) Obedience to authorized person directing traffic .......................................................126 c) Traffic control signals ...............................................................................................126 d) Stop signs ..................................................................................................................127

V. Vehicle Operation Laws ................................................................................................126

VI. Aggressive and Reckless Driving Laws a) Reckless driving ........................................................................................................133 b) Aggressive driving and road rage ..............................................................................134 c) Racing on public roads .............................................................................................134 d) Vehicular homicide ...................................................................................................135

VII. Driver Condition Laws a) Physical or mental condition .....................................................................................135 b) Additional laws .........................................................................................................136

VIII. Chapter 6 Review: Traffic Laws Answer Key

IX. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u State/Commonwealth/Province Driver’s Guides u Traffic Survey forms u Studying For a Driver’s License u Newspaper, magazine, and internet articles u Worksheet 6a Traffic Survey Instruction Sheet and Summary Results u Worksheet 6b Traffic Survey – Stop Sign Compliance Tally Sheet u Worksheet 6c Traffic Survey – Traffic Signal Compliance Tally Sheet u Worksheet 6d Where to Stop at Intersections u Worksheet 6e Determining Right-of-Way u Worksheet 6d Where to Stop at Intersections Answer Key u Worksheet 6e Determining Right-of-Way Answer Key u Chapter 6: Supplementary Content

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chApter7Managing Risk: Vision and Perception I. The Importance of Vision a) Critical to safe driving ..............................................................................................142 b) Visibility ...................................................................................................................142

II. Types of Vision a) Central vision ...........................................................................................................143 b) Fringe vision .............................................................................................................143 c) Peripheral vision .......................................................................................................143 d) Color blindness .........................................................................................................143

III. Effective Visual Habits a) Searching ..................................................................................................................144 b) Visual search patterns ...............................................................................................144

IV. Searching the Total Traffic Scene a) Searching well ahead .................................................................................................145 b) Searching to the sides ................................................................................................146 c) Looking behind .........................................................................................................148

V. Selective Searching a) Selecting the right information ..................................................................................149 b) Directing your search ................................................................................................149 c) Classifying information .............................................................................................153 d) Good visual habits ....................................................................................................157

VI. Chapter 7 Review: Vision and Perception Answer Key

VII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Parent/Teen Handbook, Teaching Your Teens To Drive/A Partnership For Survival, stock #3215 u DVD – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership For Survival, stock #3215 u Video – Using Your Eyes Effectively When Driving u Video – 20-20 Is Not Enough: Save a Second, Save a Life (Cue ahead 5 minutes, 20 seconds) u Video – Breaking the Accident Chain Of Events

chApter8Managing Risk: Time and Space I. Adjusting Your Speed and Position a) Speed and position ....................................................................................................162 b) Making more accurate and timely decisions ..............................................................162 c) Deciding your course of action .................................................................................163 d) Critical judgments .....................................................................................................163 e) Your most important decisions .................................................................................163


II. Selecting the Best Path of Travel a) Identifying a path of travel ........................................................................................164 b) Factors affecting the selection of a path of travel ......................................................164

III. Managing Risk with Adequate Space Margins a) A space margin .........................................................................................................167 b) Space-margin size ......................................................................................................167

IV. Space Margin to the Front: Stopping Zone and Following Distance a) The four– to five-second stopping zone .....................................................................168 b) Braking distance and speed .......................................................................................168 c) The three– to four-second following distance ............................................................169 d) Higher speeds require greater following distance ......................................................169 e) Adopting a three– to four-second following distance ................................................170 f) When three– to four-seconds is not enough ...............................................................171

V. Space Margin to the Sides a) Space to the sides ......................................................................................................171 b) Areas of reduced space ..............................................................................................171 c) Extra caution with obstructions ................................................................................172

VI. Space Margin to the Rear ...........................................................................................172

VII. Using Space to Minimize Risk a) Maintaining an adequate space margin .....................................................................173 b) Choice of travel paths ...............................................................................................174 c) Lane positions ...........................................................................................................174 d) Leave space for what you cannot see ........................................................................174 e) Stay out of packs ......................................................................................................175

VIII. Managing Risk with Effective Time Management a) Timing is everything ..................................................................................................175 b) Choose the best time and space .................................................................................176 c) Timing and traffic conditions ....................................................................................176 d) If you miss a turn ......................................................................................................177 e) One thing at a time ...................................................................................................177 f) Consider priorities ...................................................................................................177

IX. Separating Multiple Risks ............................................................................................177

X. Compromising Among Multiple Risks ..........................................................................178

XI. Managing Risk by Selecting the Best Speed a) Speed and managing time and space .........................................................................179 b) The Basic Speed Law ................................................................................................179 c) A reasonable and proper speed .................................................................................179 d) Adjusting speed to road conditions ...........................................................................179 e) Changes in line of sight .............................................................................................179 f) Field of view .............................................................................................................179 g) Changes in traction ...................................................................................................180 h) Changes in space .......................................................................................................180 i) Collecting information ..............................................................................................180

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j) Processing information .............................................................................................180 k) Gathering information for maneuvers .......................................................................181 l) Adjusting speed .........................................................................................................181 m) In spite of your efforts, a driver will cut into your space ...........................................181

XII. Chapter 8 Review: Managing Risk: Time and Space Answer Key

XIII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u DVD – Teaching Your Teens To Drive/A Partnership For Survival, stock #3215 Lesson 4 u Chapter 8: Supplementary Content

chApter9Basic Maneuvers in a Low-Risk Environment I. Basic Maneuvers ............................................................................................................86

II. Changing Lanes a) A basic movement .....................................................................................................186 b) How to safely change lanes .......................................................................................186 c) Entering traffic ..........................................................................................................187 d) Remember the time-space method of judging distance ..............................................187 e) Leaving traffic and parking at a curb ........................................................................187 f) Leaving traffic near an intersection ...........................................................................187 g) Multiple lane streets ..................................................................................................187 h) Before changing lanes ask yourself ............................................................................188 i) Common errors ........................................................................................................188

III. Turning a) Points to be aware of before you begin to practice turning .......................................189 b) Basic turning maneuvers ...........................................................................................191 c) Reversing direction ...................................................................................................193 d) Two-point turns ........................................................................................................195 e) U-turns .....................................................................................................................199 f) Three-point turnabout ..............................................................................................200

IV. Parking a) Curb parking and reference points ............................................................................201 b) Angled parking .........................................................................................................202 c) Perpendicular parking ...............................................................................................203 d) Parallel parking .........................................................................................................206 e) General parking information ....................................................................................208 f) Parking on hills .........................................................................................................208

V. Chapter 9 Review: Basic Maneuvers in a Low-Risk Environment Answer Key

VI. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Video – Managing Time and Space

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u State/Commonwealth/Province Driver’s Guides u Worksheet 9a Analyzing Lane Changes: Need and Procedure Answer Key u Worksheet 9b Turnabouts/Reversing Direction of Travel Answer Key u Worksheet 9a Analyzing Lane Changes: Need and Procedure u Worksheet 9b Turnabouts/Reversing Direction of Travel u Video – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership for Survival, stock #3215 Lesson

4, Lesson 5, Lesson 10 and Lesson 11 u AAA’s brochure, Freeway Driving Demands Special Skills, stock #3396 u AAA’s brochure, Parking Made Easy stock #3392 u Video – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership for Survival, stock #3215 Part

Four: Timing Your Moves, Lesson 10, Positioning and Timing at Intersections u Video: Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership for Survival, stock #3215 Part Two:

Basic Traffic Maneuvers, Lesson 5, Backing and Turning Maneuvers u Parent/Teen Handbook, Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership for Survival, stock #3215 u Video – Managing Space and Time

chApter10Manual-Shift Vehicles I. Manual-Shift Vehicles a) Basic shifting pattern ................................................................................................214 b) The friction point ......................................................................................................214 c) Planning maneuvers ..................................................................................................214 d) Eyes on the road .......................................................................................................215 e) The clutch .................................................................................................................215 f) Learning to use the clutch pedal ................................................................................215 g) Selecting gears ...........................................................................................................216 h) The gears and their functions ....................................................................................216

II. Placing the Car in Motion a) Moving forward .......................................................................................................218 b) Accelerating and shifting ...........................................................................................219 c) Downshifting ............................................................................................................220 d) Stopping the vehicle ..................................................................................................220 e) Securing the vehicle ...................................................................................................221

III. Chapter 10 Review: Manual-Shift Automobile Answer Key

IV. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309

chApter11Sharing the Road with Other Users I. Closing Probability and Movements a) Definition of closing probability ...............................................................................226

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b) Five common traffic-conflict situations .....................................................................227 c) Searching for clues to closing actions ........................................................................228 d) Evaluating actions .....................................................................................................228

II. Anticipating Errors a) Human errors ...........................................................................................................229 b) Vision errors .............................................................................................................229 c) Yield errors ...............................................................................................................229 d) Speed errors ..............................................................................................................230 e) Space errors ..............................................................................................................230 f) Vehicle control errors ................................................................................................230 g) Signaling errors .........................................................................................................230

III. Communication a) Definition of communication ....................................................................................231 b) Common messages ....................................................................................................231 c) Methods of communicating ......................................................................................232

IV. Pedestrians a) Pedestrians often take chances ..................................................................................233 b) Responsibility for pedestrian safety ...........................................................................233 c) Do your part .............................................................................................................233 d) High-risk pedestrian errors .......................................................................................233 e) Child pedestrians ......................................................................................................234 f) Overcoming dangers posed by children .....................................................................234 g) Inattentive pedestrians ..............................................................................................234 h) Alcohol and other drugs ...........................................................................................235 i) Time/space gap needs ................................................................................................235

V. Emergency Vehicles .....................................................................................................235

VI. Large Trucks .................................................................................................................236

VII. Motorcycles and Scooters ..........................................................................................236

VIII. Bicycles a) Bicycle riders increasing ............................................................................................237 b) Bikes demand increased awareness ...........................................................................237 c) Bicycles are hard to see in traffic ...............................................................................238

IX. Animals a) Pets ...........................................................................................................................238 b) In rural and forested regions .....................................................................................239 c) Horse-drawn vehicles ................................................................................................239

X. Intersections a) Intersections create hazards ......................................................................................240 b) A safe approach ........................................................................................................240 c) Search patterns .........................................................................................................242 d) Safe gap ....................................................................................................................242 e) Correct distance and times ........................................................................................242 f) Turning at intersections.............................................................................................243

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g) Judging a safe gap .....................................................................................................243 h) Time and space management ....................................................................................243

XI. Railroad Crossings a) Always expect a train ................................................................................................244 b) Determine when it is safe to cross .............................................................................245 c) Stay alert ...................................................................................................................245 d) Stalled vehicle ...........................................................................................................246

XII. Interchanges a) Definition ..................................................................................................................246 b) Interchange types ......................................................................................................247 c) Lanes and ramps .......................................................................................................247 d) Merging ....................................................................................................................247 e) Leaving the expressway ............................................................................................249 f) Ramp speeds .............................................................................................................249 g) Speed-change (Weave) lane .......................................................................................249

XIII. Passing Other Vehicles a) Three questions to ask ..............................................................................................250 b) Two dangers .............................................................................................................251 c) When is it illegal to pass? ..........................................................................................251 d) When is it safe to pass? .............................................................................................251 e) When is it worth it to pass? ......................................................................................251 f) Use low beams when passing ....................................................................................252 g) Recommended steps for passing another vehicle .......................................................252

XIV. Chapter 11 Review: Sharing the Road with Other Users Answer Key

XV. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u DVD – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership For Survival, stock #3215 u Video – Freeway Driving u Video – Semi-Conscious/Driving in the Real World u Video – Look to Live – Operation Lifesaver u AAA’s brochure, Freeway Driving Demands Special Skills, stock #3396

chApter12The Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driving I. Alcohol and Driving a) How alcohol affects the body and driving ability ......................................................259 b) Amount of alcohol in typical beverages ....................................................................262 c) Factors that affect BAC level .....................................................................................264 d) Elimination of alcohol ..............................................................................................265 e) Control drinking .......................................................................................................268 f) Be a responsible host .................................................................................................269 g) Alternatives to drinking and driving .........................................................................272

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II. Temporary Illnesses a) Temporary illness can complicate driving more than people realize ..........................272 b) Effects .......................................................................................................................273 c) What to do ...............................................................................................................273

III. Other Drugs and Driving a) Prescription, over-the-counter and illegal drugs ........................................................274 b) Drugs and their effects ..............................................................................................274 c) Drugs and their effects on driving .............................................................................277 d) About drug use .........................................................................................................279 e) Alternatives to mixing drugs and driving ..................................................................281

IV. Chapter 12 Review: The Effects of Alcohol and other Drugs on Driving Answer Key

V. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Factsheet 12a Depressants u Factsheet 12b Hallucinogens u Factsheet 12c Stimulants u Factsheet 12d Narcotics u Alcohol quiz u Video – Heavenly Debate (7 minutes) u Video – The Aftermath (24 minutes)

chApter13The Effects of Distractions, Drowsiness, and Emotions on Driving I. Distracted Driving a) Driving requires your full attention ...........................................................................286 b) Inattention and distraction ........................................................................................286 c) Effects of distraction .................................................................................................286 d) Types of distractions .................................................................................................287 e) Distractions inside the vehicle ...................................................................................288 f) Distractions outside the vehicle .................................................................................290

II. Preventing and Managing Distractions a) Techniques for preventing and managing distractions ...............................................291 b) Cell phones ...............................................................................................................292 c) Remember, driving is a full-time job .........................................................................292

III. Drowsy Driving a) Drowsiness ...............................................................................................................293 b) The risks ...................................................................................................................293 c) Who is at risk? ..........................................................................................................294 d) Other causes of drowsiness .......................................................................................295 e) Monotony .................................................................................................................295 f) How can you tell if you are at risk of becoming drowsy? ..........................................296 g) Preventing drowsiness ...............................................................................................296 h) Once you are on the road .........................................................................................296 i) Ineffective actions .....................................................................................................296 j) Rest is the key ...........................................................................................................296

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IV. Emotions a) Feelings .....................................................................................................................298 b) Causes ......................................................................................................................298 c) Effects of emotions ...................................................................................................298

V. Aggressive Driving and Road Rage a) Aggressive driving .....................................................................................................299 b) Road rage .................................................................................................................299

VI. Guidelines for Controlling Emotions a) Self-control ...............................................................................................................300 b) Understand your own emotional makeup .................................................................300 c) Identify situations that tend to upset you ..................................................................300 d) Expect other drivers to make mistakes ......................................................................300 e) Emotions are contagious ...........................................................................................300 f) Direct your emotions to actions rather than the individual .......................................301 g) Delay driving when upset ..........................................................................................301 h) Unwind .....................................................................................................................301 i) Ask someone else to drive .........................................................................................301

VII. Preventing Aggressive Driving and Road Rage .........................................................302

VIII. Responding to Aggressive Driving and Road Rage ....................................................303

IX. Chapter 13 Review: The Effects of Distractions, Drowsiness, and Emotions on Driving Answer Key

X. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u AAA Texting Mini-Module u Video – Preventing Road Rage, Anger Management for Drivers

chApter14Adverse Driving Conditions and Emergencies I. Emergency Situations a) Emergencies happen ..................................................................................................308 b) Staying in control ......................................................................................................308

II. Reduced Visibility a) Minimizing the effects of reduced visibility ...............................................................308 b) Plan to be seen ..........................................................................................................308 c) Keep headlights clean ................................................................................................309 d) Clear the windshield and rear windows ....................................................................309 e) Defrosters .................................................................................................................310 f) If you must leave the roadway ..................................................................................310 g) Driving at night ........................................................................................................310 h) Driving in fog ...........................................................................................................313

III. Reduced Traction ..........................................................................................................314

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IV. Hydroplaning a) Hydroplaning ...........................................................................................................315 b) Tire tread ..................................................................................................................316 c) Hydroplaning and speed ...........................................................................................316 d) Preventing hydroplaning ...........................................................................................316

V. Braking in Slick Conditions a) Braking with ABS .....................................................................................................316 b) Braking without ABS ................................................................................................317

VI. Off-Road Recovery a) Off-road recovery .....................................................................................................317 b) Keep a firm grip ........................................................................................................318 c) If the travel path is clear ...........................................................................................318 d) If you must return to the road quickly ......................................................................319

VII. Evasive Actions a) Avoiding a collision ..................................................................................................319 b) Selecting the best plan ...............................................................................................319 c) Evasive steering .........................................................................................................320 d) Evasive braking .........................................................................................................320 e) Evasive acceleration ..................................................................................................321

VIII. Skidding a) Skidding ....................................................................................................................322 b) Preventing skids ........................................................................................................323 c) Responding to skids ..................................................................................................323 d) Front-tire skid ...........................................................................................................323 e) Rear-tire skid ............................................................................................................324 f) Counter steering .......................................................................................................325 g) Use caution ...............................................................................................................325

IX. Getting Unstuck ............................................................................................................325

X. Vehicle Failures a) Mechanical problems when you are driving ..............................................................327 b) Be visible when stopped ............................................................................................327 c) Emergency road service .............................................................................................328

XI. Engine Failure a) Most common engine failures ...................................................................................328 b) Getting off the road ..................................................................................................328 c) Sudden acceleration ..................................................................................................329 d) Floor-mounted shift lever ..........................................................................................329 e) Practice .....................................................................................................................329

XII. Light Failure a) A common problem ..................................................................................................330 b) Sudden headlight failure ..........................................................................................330

XIII. Tire Failure a) Using the accelerator to help control the vehicle .......................................................331 b) Pull off the road ........................................................................................................331

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XIV. Fire ................................................................................................................................331

XV. Brake Failure a) Steps to take .............................................................................................................332 b) Slowing your vehicle .................................................................................................332

XVI. Child Restraint Laws a) Safety restraints for children .....................................................................................332 b) Weight limit ..............................................................................................................333 c) Protecting children who have outgrown the safety seat .............................................333 d) Buckle-up everyone ...................................................................................................333

XVII. How to Minimize the Consequences of a Collision a) Minimizing consequences .........................................................................................334 b) Protect yourself .........................................................................................................334 c) Buckle-up for safety ..................................................................................................334 d) Keep everyone safe ....................................................................................................334 e) Air bag/safety belt combination ................................................................................334 f) Set a good example ...................................................................................................335 g) Lock the doors ..........................................................................................................335 h) The collision .............................................................................................................335 i) Minimizing the first collision ....................................................................................335 j) Choose how to collide ..............................................................................................336 k) Hit with a glancing blow ..........................................................................................336 l) Choose what to hit ...................................................................................................336 m) Take the hit at or behind your rear wheels ................................................................336 n) Recognize that it can happen ....................................................................................336

XVIII. If You Are Involved in a Collision a) Know what to do ......................................................................................................337 b) Responsibility ...........................................................................................................337

XIX. Duties at the Scene of a Collision a) Stop immediately ......................................................................................................337 b) Assist the injured ......................................................................................................337 c) Control the scene ......................................................................................................338 d) Notify the police .......................................................................................................338 e) A report must be submitted ......................................................................................338 f) Remain at the scene ..................................................................................................338 g) Exchange required information .................................................................................339 h) Notify your insurance carrier ....................................................................................339 i) Unattended vehicle or property .................................................................................339 j) Stopping when not personally involved .....................................................................339 k) Know what to say .....................................................................................................339 l) Financial responsibility .............................................................................................339

XX. Chapter 14 Review: Adverse Driving Conditions and Emergencies Answer Key

XXI. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Factsheet 14a If Involved in a Collision

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u Video – Teaching Your Teens to Drive/A Partnership For Survival, stock #3215 u Video – Night Driving u Video – Driving In Bad Weather u Video – Get A Grip u Video – Understanding Car Crashes – It’s Basic Physics u Brochure: Over the Edge and Back: What to do if you drive off the pavement edge. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

chApter15Purchasing and Insuring a Vehicle I. Purchasing a Vehicle a) Significant commitment ............................................................................................344 b) Factors to consider ....................................................................................................344

II. Safety a) Choose a vehicle that can help prevent crashes .........................................................344 b) Safety features ...........................................................................................................344

III. Reliability a) Vehicle reliability ......................................................................................................345 b) Think twice about older vehicles ...............................................................................345

IV. Affordability a) Total costs involved ..................................................................................................346 b) The cost of the vehicle ..............................................................................................346 c) Consider a certified used car .....................................................................................346 d) Operating costs .........................................................................................................346 e) Fuel costs ..................................................................................................................346 f) Alternatively-powered vehicles ..................................................................................346

V. Insuring a Vehicle a) The most common types of automobile insurance ....................................................348 b) Selecting insurance ....................................................................................................350 c) Rental vehicles and insurance ...................................................................................353

VI. Chapter 15 Review: Purchasing and Insuring a Vehicle Answer Key

VII. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Factsheet 15a Insurance Terms

chApter16Consumer’s Guide to Economical and Trouble-Free Drivin I. Economic Trouble-Free Driving ....................................................................................358

II. Driving for Maximum Fuel Economy and Minimal Impact on the Environment a) Starting .....................................................................................................................358

Table of Contents


b) Idling ........................................................................................................................358 c) Accelerating ..............................................................................................................358 d) Braking ....................................................................................................................358 e) Cruising speed ..........................................................................................................358 f) Other fuel saving techniques .....................................................................................359 g) It makes sense ...........................................................................................................359

III. Tires a) Never skimp on tires .................................................................................................360 b) Traction ....................................................................................................................360 c) Checking tread depth ................................................................................................360 d) Tire types ..................................................................................................................361 e) Rotating tires ............................................................................................................361 f) Alignment and balancing ..........................................................................................362 g) Proper inflation .........................................................................................................362

IV. Maintaining Your Vehicle for Maximum Economy and Minimum Expense a) Fuel system ...............................................................................................................363 b) Exhaust system .........................................................................................................364 c) Lubricating system ....................................................................................................364 d) Cooling system .........................................................................................................365 e) Electrical system .......................................................................................................366 f) Brake system .............................................................................................................367 g) Other systems ...........................................................................................................367

V. Emergency Equipment .................................................................................................368

VI. Minimizing Air Pollution a) Doing your part ........................................................................................................369 b) Check your PCV system regularly .............................................................................369

VII. Know Your Service Center a) Selecting a service center ...........................................................................................369 b) Routine checks ..........................................................................................................369 c) Taking your car in for repairs ...................................................................................370

VIII. Your Maintenance Checklist a) Maintenance schedule ...............................................................................................370 b) Spring and fall ..........................................................................................................370 c) Driver inspections .....................................................................................................370 d) Scheduled inspections ...............................................................................................371

IX. Chapter 16 Review: Consumer’s Guide to Trouble-Free and Economical Driving Answer Key

X. Instructor Resources u How to Drive textbook, stock #350209 u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309 u Owner’s and maintenance manuals for family vehicle(s) u Worksheet 16a Service Facility Maintenance Checklist Answer Key u Worksheet 16b Driver Maintenance Checklist Answer Key u Worksheet 16a Service Facility Maintenance Checklist

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u Worksheet 16b Driver Maintenance Checklistu Tire gaugeu Newspaper and magazine articlesu Fuel Efficiency Driving Mini-Module

chApter17Travel Planning, Loading, Towing, and Driving Special Vehicles

I. Effective Travel Planning and Preparationa) Preparing for a road trip ...........................................................................................376b) Planning your route ..................................................................................................376c) Checking your route .................................................................................................376d) Preparing your vehicle ..............................................................................................376e) Loading your vehicle .................................................................................................377f) Preparing the driver ..................................................................................................377

II. Handling Large Vehiclesa) Large vehicles ...........................................................................................................378b) Weight factors ...........................................................................................................378c) Accelerating ..............................................................................................................378d) Turning .....................................................................................................................378e) Decelerating .............................................................................................................378

III. Handling Special Vehicles: Towing and RVsa) Before you tow .........................................................................................................379b) Trailers .....................................................................................................................379c) Load limits ................................................................................................................379d) Practice where there is no traffic ...............................................................................379e) Starting .....................................................................................................................379f) Beginning to turn ......................................................................................................380 g) Right turns ................................................................................................................380h) Left turns ..................................................................................................................381i) Overtaking and passing ............................................................................................381 j) Being passed .............................................................................................................382k) Let others pass ..........................................................................................................382l) Curves ......................................................................................................................382

m) Slowing and stopping ................................................................................................382n) Avoid sudden stops ...................................................................................................382

IV. Adjusting Following Distance .............................................................................................a) Increase your following distance ...............................................................................382 b) Making adjustments to following distance ................................................................383

V. Backing a Trailera) Backing a trailer ........................................................................................................383 b) Alternative technique ................................................................................................384c) Backing to the left is easier ........................................................................................384d) Ask someone to help .................................................................................................384e) Practice is essential ....................................................................................................384


VI. Laws and Regulations for Trailersa) The drivers responsibility ..........................................................................................384 b) Safety devices ............................................................................................................384

VII. Additional Equipment for Towinga) Extra equipment .......................................................................................................385b) Emergency equipment ...............................................................................................385 c) Trailer hitch ..............................................................................................................385d) Use the correct hitch ball ..........................................................................................385

VIII. Loading Trailers Properlya) Stay under the limits .................................................................................................386b) Total weight ..............................................................................................................386c) Be sure it is level .......................................................................................................386

IX. Insurance Requirements ..............................................................................................387

X. Care and Maintenancea) Take extra care of the tow vehicle .............................................................................387b) Check your trailer regularly ......................................................................................387c) Electrical systems ......................................................................................................387

XI. Chapter 17 Review: Travel Planning, Loading, Towing and Driving Special VehiclesAnswer Key

XII. Instructor Resourcesu How to Drive textbook, stock #350209u How to Drive Test Booklet, stock #350309

tAle of b contents - AAA · 2020. 7. 10. · How drive Instructor Guide 3 tAle of b contents...

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