TAKS Summative Assessment - Pearson...

TAKS SummativeAssessment

Exit Level Science

Features tests based on:

� TAKS Exit Level Science Test objectives

� High School SAT9 objectives

TAKS SummativeAssessmentExit Level Science

Features tests based on:� TAKS Exit Level Science

Test objectives

� High School SAT9 objectives

See us on the Internet www.phschool.com

PHI 1245 COVER 9/5/01 4:30 AM

TAKS Summative AssessmentExit Level Science

Needham, MassachusettsUpper Saddle River, New Jersey

Glenview, Illinois

Practice & Assess

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Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected bycopyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibitedreproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. Student worksheets and testsmay be duplicated for classroom use, and number not to exceed the number of studentsin each class. Notice of copyright must appear on all copies. For information regardingpermission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department.

ISBN 0-13-064236-3 11 12 13 14 15 14 13 12 11

Cover Photo: Digital Imagery 2001 © PhotoDisc, Inc.

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The TAKS Summative Assessment Exit Level Science Tests have been created based on the IPCand Biology TEKS Standards that have been identified by the Texas Department of Educa-tion as standards that will be tested on the Grade 11 TAKS Science Exit Level Exam.

The SAT9 Preparation Tests have been created based on the content objectives and in a format similar to the actual test.

TAKS Exit Level Practice Tests

Test A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Test B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Test C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

SAT9 Preparation

Test A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Test B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1 All of the following processes requirethe use of energy by the cell except —

A pinocytosisB phagocytosisC osmosisD active transport

Directions: Use the information given belowto answer question 2.

2 What statement best explains whathappened when Julia put the tablets inhot and cold water?

F The different temperatures causeddifferent chemical reactions.

G The different temperatures affectedthe rate of the chemical reaction.

H The different temperatures had noaffect on the chemical reaction.

J The chemical reaction only workedin room-temperature water.

3 A virus is unique in that it —

A contains DNAB contains RNAC cannot reproduce outside a living

host cellD can cause disease

4 What kind of orbit allows a satellite toremain over one point on Earth?

F CircularG GeosynchronousH EllipticalJ High

5 Nitrogenous wastes are excreted in theform of uric acid in which of the fol-lowing organisms?

I. BirdsII. Reptiles

III. Amphibians

A I onlyB II onlyC III onlyD I and II only

6 When a solute is added to a solvent, thefreezing point of the solution is —

F higher than the freezing point ofeither substance alone

G lower than the freezing point ofeither substance alone

H the same as the freezing point of thesolute

J the same as the freezing point of thesolvent

While shopping with her mother, Juliabought a new product that claimed to make instant fruit-flavored soda in a glass ofwater. The instructions said to add onetablet to a glass of room-temperature water.When Julia put a tablet in a glass of water,the tablet fizzed and bubbled for a fewminutes, and then stopped. When she tastedthe water, it tasted just like soda from a bottle, complete with bubbles.

Julia wondered what would happen if sheadded the tablet to cold water. When she puta tablet in cold water, Julia noticed that thetablet did not bubble as much, and thedrink did not taste the same. She then putthe tablet in a glass of hot water. The tabletbubbled much faster, spilling soda over theedge of the glass.

T A K S P R E P P R A C T I C E T E S T A

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TAKS PREP PRACTICE TEST A (continued)

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10 How can a hockey stick be considered amachine?

F It multiplies force.G It multiplies distance.H It changes direction.J It reduces friction.

11 Whales have been found to contain legbones in their body wall. These are anexample of —

A homologous structuresB vestigial structuresC geologic evolutionD analogous structures

12 Exactly 2 g of steel wool was placed in a100 g glass jar. After 50 g of water wasadded to the jar, the lid was sealed tight-ly. One week later, the steel wool hadturned completely to rust. What was themass of the jar and its contents after 1 week?

F 50 gG 52 gH 150 gJ 152 g

7 The diagram above illustrates the oxy-gen and carbon cycles. Which of theseorganisms are also part of the nitrogencycle?

A 2, 3, and 5B 2 and 5C 3 and 5D 3 only

8 Scientists think cancer begins when —

F a mutation occurs in DNAG a cell divides too slowlyH DNA replication stopsJ cells stop growing

9 What is the best form of fire safety?

A A water hoseB An extinguisher C The fire departmentD Fire prevention

1 2

3

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Directions: Use the information below toanswer questions 13–14.

13 The best conclusion to draw fromGraph 1 is that —

A the largest number of rose andpeach seeds are induced to come outof dormancy by 60 days of chillingat 4ºC to 10ºC

B rose and peach seeds must undergo a period of freezing temperature inorder to germinate

C minimal germination of rose seedsis caused by administering ethyleneand chilling

D peach seeds but not rose seeds donot require a period of chilling inorder to germinate

14 From the information present inGraph 2, one could conclude that —

F dormant peach seeds can be inducedto germinate without a period ofchilling by the administration ofethylene

G the administration of ethylene torose seeds causes a dormant period

H the germination rate of rose andpeach seeds treated with ethylene isindependent of the concentration ofthe ethylene

J ethylene has no effect on the germi-nation rate or dormancy of peachand rose seeds

The seeds of rose bushes and peachtrees undergo a period of dormancy. Afterthe seeds are exposed to low temperatures,dormancy ends and germination can takeplace. Seeds of both types were harvestedand then divided into two groups each. InGroup 1, the rose and peach seeds werechilled for 60 days at various temperaturesbefore being planted. The percentages ofseeds that germinated were determined (seeGraph 1). In Group 2, ethylene wasadministered to the rose and peach seedsbefore planting. The percentages of seedsthat germinated were determined (seeGraph 2).

2 6 10 14

Ger

min

atio

n (%

)

100Graph 1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Ger

min

atio

n (%

)

100

0.5

Graph 2

Rose seedsPeach seeds

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15 Which of the following is a characteris-tic property of a liquid?

A MassB Boiling pointC VolumeD Temperature

16 The best definition of natural selectionis —

F the constancy of species populationsin spite of the production of farmore offspring than needed tomaintain them

G the appearance in the fossil recordof a new species relatively suddenly,over a short period of time

H the greater survival and reproduc-tion of organisms with favorablevariations than of organisms withunfavorable variations

J the inheritance of traits that areacquired during an organism’s life-time

17 Which of these is not a way that simplemachines make work easier?

A Changing the direction in which aforce is exerted

B Decreasing the amount of force thatis exerted

C Decreasing the amount of work thatis done

D Changing the distance over which aforce is exerted

18 Which property of water allows aninsect to skim lightly across the surfaceof a pond?

F High specific heatG Surface tensionH Ability to dissolve many substancesJ Lower density as a solid than as a

liquid

19 Why do hormones cause changes onlyin specific body organs?

A A hormone is carried to a specificlocation by tiny tubes.

B A hormone interacts only with tar-get cells, which fit together with thathormone.

C A hormone is produced only in thelocation where it is needed.

D A hormone works only throughnegative feedback.

20 Why do pendulums eventually stopswinging?

F The energy of a pendulum is slowlydestroyed.

G Friction converts the mechanicalenergy of a pendulum to thermalenergy.

H The mechanical energy of a pendu-lum is converted to kinetic energy.

J The gravitational potential energy ofa pendulum is converted to electro-magnetic energy.

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Directions: Use the information and thetable below to answer questions 21–23.

21 What question were the scientists mostlikely trying to answer?

A Does the body temperature of new-born alligators depend on the incu-bation temperature?

B Do different alligator species hatch atdifferent incubation temperatures?

C Do high incubation temperaturesprevent alligator eggs from hatching?

D Does the incubation temperature ofthe eggs affect the sex of the alligators?

22 What was the variable in the experiment?

F Day of the weekG Location of the laboratoryH Incubation temperatureJ Color of the eggs

23 What might the scientists concludefrom the data?

A The number of males increases withincreasing temperature.

B The number of males decreases withincreasing temperature.

C The number of females increaseswith increasing temperature.

D No females are born at temperaturesabove 31ºC.

24 Which of the following is (are) respon-sible for carrying the appropriateamino acids to be added to a polypep-tide chain during protein synthesis?

I Messenger RNAII. Transfer RNA

III. Ribosomal RNA

F I onlyG II onlyH III onlyJ I, II, and III

Alligators are large reptiles with musculartails, large teeth, and strong jaws. Like nearlyall reptiles, alligators hatch from eggs.

The table shows the results of anexperiment conducted with alligator eggs.Scientists incubated the eggs of one alligatorspecies at different temperatures. When theeggs hatched, the scientists counted thenumbers of males and females born in eachgroup of eggs.

Incubation Number of Number of Temperature Females Males

29.4°C 80 0

30.6°C 19 13

31.7°C 13 38

32.8°C 0 106

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25 While José was playing baseball with hisfather, José’s father realized that Josémight be having trouble with his vision.When José visited the doctor, the doctordiscovered that José was nearsighted.Which diagram shows the type of lensJosé needs to correct his vision?

Concave lens

Convex lens Retina

Concave lens Retina

Convex lens

26 The Escherichia coli that live in yourintestine and help break down food are an example of what type ofinteraction?

F CompetitionG MutualismH ParasitismJ Predation

27 Which of the following objects is accelerating?

A A car moving south at 120 km/hB An airplane moving northwest at

70 m/sC An elevator moving upward at

5 m/sD A seat on a Ferris wheel moving in a

circle at 5 m/s

28 In this food chain, grasses→rabbits→snakes→hawks, the greatest amount ofbiomass is in which level?

F GrassesG RabbitsH SnakesJ Hawks

29 The presence of a nuclear membrane,photosynthetic capability, and a multi-cellular form can be characteristics ofmembers of which kingdom(s)?

I. AnimaliaII. Protista

III. Plantae

A I onlyB II onlyC III onlyD I and III only

A

B

C

D

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33 Which of the following involves achemical change?

A Water freezes to become ice.B Two substances combine to form a

third substance.C Dry ice sublimes to become carbon

dioxide gas.D Glass breaks into small pieces.

34 DNA is shaped like a —

F long, thin rodG spiral staircaseH straight ladderJ triple helix

35 How many centimeters longer is Leaf Athan Leaf B?

A 1.5 cmB 2.6 cmC 4.3 cmD 8.5 cm

Directions: Use the periodic table to answerquestions 30–31.

30 Which line on the periodic table sepa-rates the metals from the nonmetalsand metalloids?

F IG IIH IIIJ IV

31 Where on the periodic table are themost reactive metals found?

A RightB MiddleC BottomD Left

32 The structural similarity between themarsupial koala and the placental bearis an example of —

F polyploidyG convergent evolutionH the Hardy-Weinberg lawJ adaptive radiation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

*§

*§

I II

III IVH He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw

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39 In the circulatory system of thegrasshopper, —

A hemoglobin carries the respiratorygases

B blood enters and leaves the vessels of the system through ten pairs ofspiracles

C exchange of food and wastes takesplace in capillaries

D exchange of food and wastes takesplace in body spaces

40 The absence of a distinct nucleus andmost other cellular organelles is char-acteristic of cells in which of the fol-lowing kingdoms?

I. EubacteriaII. Protista

III. Fungi

F I onlyG II onlyH III onlyJ I and II only

41 Which of the following is an advantageof solar energy?

A It will not run out for billions ofyears.

B It is not available at night.C No backup energy sources are

needed.D It must be collected from a huge area.

36 A symbiotic relationship, in which oneorganism benefits and the other is nei-ther harmed nor benefited, is called —

F mutualismG parasitismH commensalismJ tropism

37 How can people help reduce the emis-sions that contribute to smog and thegreenhouse effect?

A By purchasing products that containCFCs

B By never pouring chemicals downthe drain

C By taking public transportation orwalking instead of driving a car

D By finding substitutes for gardenchemicals

38 When a solid substance is added to aliquid and the solid substance seems todisappear, the result is a —

F mixtureG suspensionH solutionJ solvent

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44 An infectious disease is caused by —

F a pathogenG defective genesH toxinsJ missing chromosomes

45 According to Newton’s third law ofmotion, when a hammer strikes andexerts a force on a nail, the nail —

A creates a friction with the hammerB disappears into the woodC exerts an equal force back on the

hammerD moves at a constant speed

46 The pedigree chart shows the inheri-tance of baldness, a sex-linked trait, in afamily. If Person 7 produces offspringwith a carrier mate, what are thechances that any sons will be bald?

F 25%G 50%H 75%J 100%

1 2

8 96 74 53

Female

MaleAfflicted Normal Carrier

Directions: Use the table below to answerquestions 42–43.

Protection from Sunburn

42 The SPF (Sun Protection Factor) ratingon sunscreen represents how manytimes longer it will take to get a sunburnthan if skin is unprotected. If the UVindex level is moderate for the day,what is the minimum SPF rating youneed to safely stay in the sun for 8hours?

F SPF 15G SPF 18H SPF 30J SPF 45

43 If you only had sunscreen with an SPFrating of 12, how many hours couldyou safely stay in the sun on a day witha moderate UV index level?

A Up to 4 hoursB Up to 6 hoursC Up to 8 hoursD Up to 12 hours

UV Index Level Minutes to Burn

Minimal (0–2) 60

Low (3–4) 45

Moderate (5–6) 30

High (7–10) 15

Very High (11–15) 10

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51 In the human digestive system —

A enzymes in saliva start the digestionof carbohydrates

B a low (acidic) pH in the stomachaids the digestion of fats

C a low (acidic) pH in the small intes-tine aids the digestion of fats

D absorption of proteins begins in thestomach

52 Saul has a cubic crystal of a gold-colored mineral. It has a mass of 10grams. To identify the unknown miner-al, Saul needs to determine its density.(Density = mass/volume.) Saul placedthe mineral in the right beaker, whichcontained 3 milliliters of water. What isthe density of the unknown mineral?

F 2.0 g/mLG 0.5 g/mLH 0.2 g/mLJ 5.0 g/mL

5

4

3 (mL)

2

1

10 g

5

4

3 (mL)

2

1

10 g

47 Which term refers to the process bywhich individuals that are betteradapted to their environment are morelikely to survive and reproduce?

A Natural selectionB OverproductionC CompetitionD Variation

48 The ideal mechanical advantage for aninclined plane is equal to the length ofthe incline divided by the —

F mass of the inclineG slope of the inclineH height of the inclineJ angle of the incline

49 A scientific theory is —

A a well-tested concept that explains awide range of observations

B a prediction about the outcome ofan experiment

C an educated guess that is probablytrue

D a conclusion that all scientists agreeis true

50 The process that breaks down complexmolecules of food into smaller mole-cules is called —

F neutralizationG conductionH digestionJ solution

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57 Photosynthesis can be broken downinto each of the following processesexcept —

A light absorptionB oxygen productionC ADP synthesisD ATP formation

58 What temperature does this ther-mometer read?

F 37.0ºC H 36.53ºCG 36.9ºC J 36.4ºC

59 In water, bases form —

A hydroxide ionsB hydrogen ionsC hydrogen gasD oxide ions

53 What is one way in which scientists getinformation about the evolutionaryhistory of species?

A By observing where organisms liveB By comparing organisms’ body

structuresC By observing what organisms eatD By studying how organisms move

54 A solution of soapy water has a slipperyfeel, turns red litmus paper blue, andhas a pH of 8.5. The soapy water is bestdescribed as a(n) —

F neutral solutionG acidic solutionH corrosive solutionJ basic solution

55 During metaphase II of meiosis, thechromosomes are attached to spindlefibers at their —

A centriolesB centromeresC astersD poles

56 What is the proper procedure for han-dling chemicals in a laboratory?

F If you don’t know what a chemicalis, taste it to find out.

G If you have left over chemicals at theend of your experiment, returnthem to their original containers.

H When diluting an acid, pour the acidinto water. Never pour water into acid.

J Dispose of all chemicals down thedrain.

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62 A person will not contract polio afterreceiving the polio vaccine. This is anexample of —

F active immunityG passive immunityH toleranceJ rejection

63 According to the law of conservation ofmomentum, when two objects collidein the absence of friction —

A velocity decreasesB velocity increasesC momentum is not lostD only the object with the larger mass

continues on

64 Phosphoglyceraldehyde, ribulosebiphosphate, and carbon dioxide arethree compounds involved in the formation of —

F glucose in the Calvin cycleG pyruvic acid in glycolysisH glucose in the Krebs cycleJ O2, NADPH, and ATP in the light-

dependent reactions

60 Which is not a function of the excretorysystem?

F Maintenance of homestasisG Elimination of indigestible material

from the bodyH Removal of the wastes of cellular

metabolismJ Regulation of the chemical makeup

of body fluids

61 Will light pass through polarizing filter Bafter it passes through polarizing filter A?

A Yes, because a little bit of light canget through both filters.

B Yes, because the two filters polarizelight.

C No, because filter A only allows lightwaves that vibrate up and down topass through, and filter B blocks allexcept those that vibrate side to side

D No, because filter A only allows lightwaves that vibrate side to side to passthrough, and filter B blocks all exceptthose that vibrate up and down

A B

Flashlight

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68 Genetic disorders are caused by —

F pedigreesG mutationH dominant allelesJ sickle-shaped cells

69 The best example of adaptive radiationis —

A the development of corn plants with5n chromosomes

B the increase in the frequency ofdark-colored moths in the pepperedmoth population of England duringthe nineteenth century

C the structural similarity between akoala and a bear

D the different finch species livingthroughout the Galapagos islands

70 Which of the following is a balancedchemical equation?

F H2O2 � H2O + O2G 2Fe2O3 + 3C � 4Fe + 3CO2H SO2 + O2 + 2H2O � 4H2SO4J 2Mg + HCl � MgCl2 + H2

65 The graph above shows a skier’s speedas she travels down a mountain. What isher acceleration?

A 0.5 m/s2 C 2 m/s2

B 1 m/s2 D 4 m/s2

66 Photosynthetic organisms in anecosystem are an example of —

I. DecomposersII. Consumers

III. Producers

F I onlyG II onlyH III onlyJ I and III

67 Which of these statements supportsDalton’s theory of atoms and the ideathat atoms of each element have aunique mass?

A In any element all the atoms areexactly alike.

B An element can have isotopes thathave the same atomic number butdifferent atomic mass.

C Only elements of the same mass cancombine to form compounds.

D All compounds are exactly alike.

Spee

d (m

/s)

0Time (s)

1

2

4

6

8

10

32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Skier’s Speed

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72 Based on the data in the table, howdoes salinity affect the speed of soundin water?

F Salinity has no effect on the speed ofsound in water.

G The speed of sound in waterincreases with increasing salinity.

H The speed of sound in waterdecreases with increasing salinity.

J Sound waves cannot travel throughwater with high salinity.

73 What can you conclude about the densityof salt water as compared to fresh water?

A Sound travels faster through saltwater, so salt water is probably lessdense than fresh water.

B Sound travels faster through saltwater, so salt water is probably moredense than fresh water.

C Sound travels slower through saltwater, so salt water is probably lessdense than fresh water.

D Sound travels slower through saltwater, so salt water is probably moredense than fresh water.

74 If brown horses are mated with whitehorses, 100% of the offspring have roancoats. Assuming a large number of off-spring, when roan horses are mated, theratio of coat colors obtained will be —

F 25% brown, 50% roan, 25% whiteG 25% roan, 50% brown, 25% whiteH 25% white, 75% brownJ 25% white, 75% roan


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Directions: Use the information givenbelow to answer questions 71–73.

71 According to the data in the table,what is the speed of sound in freshwater at an average temperature of20ºC? In salt water at an average temperature of 20ºC?

A Speed in fresh water = 3.95 m/s;speed in salt water = 0.190 m/s

B Speed in fresh water = 371 m/s;speed in salt water = 380 m/s

C Speed in fresh water = 741 m/s;speed in salt water = 759 m/s

D Speed in fresh water = 1,480 m/s;speed in salt water = 1,520 m/s

A researcher wondered how salinityaffects the speed of sound in water. Salinityis a measure of the concentration ofdissolved salt in water. The researcher used asonar device to measure the depth of both afreshwater lake and a saltwater lake. She alsomeasured the time it took for the soundwaves produced by the sonar device totravel from the surface to the bottom ofeach lake and back again. The averagetemperature of the water in both lakes was20ºC. The researcher’s data is shown in thetable below.

Time for Sound Waves to Travel

Type of Lake Depth (m) Time from Surface to Bottom and

Back to Surface (s)

Freshwater 54.1 0.0730

Saltwater 12.0 0.0158

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78 In an ecosystem containing the foodweb shown above, one eventual result ofthe institution of a program by farmersto get rid of field mice would be —

F decreased amount of grassesG increased number of snakesH decreased number of rabbitsJ increased number of weasels

79 A measure of how well a solute can dis-solve in a solvent at a given tempera-ture is that substance’s —

A saturation pointB acidityC solubilityD concentration

80 Scientists observe that large numbers ofcaribou are leaving a certain region ofthe Arctic. The best explanation for thismass migration is —

F intraspecific competition with thelemming population

G increased hunting of the caribou byEskimos

H interspecific competition with auksand puffins

J depletion of the grasses by lemmingsand other mouselike animals

weasels

rabbits

grasses

field mice

snakesDirections: Use the information below toanswer questions 75–76.

75 LaRonda felt warm air against hercheeks when she entered her apartment.How was the air heated?

A ConductionB ConvectionC RadiationD Insulation

76 How did heat move from the heat lampto LaRonda’s hands?

F ConductionG ConvectionH RadiationJ Insulation

77 Both physical and chemical changes inmatter involve —

A chemical reactionsB changing moleculesC changing massD energy changes

On a winter day, LaRonda opened the doorto her apartment when she got home fromschool. When she stepped inside, she felt thewarm air against her cheeks. She took off hergloves and held her hands underneath theheat lamp in her lizard’s cage. Then she placedher gloves on a heating vent in the floor sothey would be warm when she went out again.

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T A K S P R E P P R A C T I C E T E S T B

Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

1 The cellular process shown above is —

A pinocytosisB passive transportC phagocytosisD diffusion

2 The primary digestive function of thegizzard is to —

F increase surface area in the intestineof the earthworm

G grind food into smaller particles inthe earthworm

H begin chemical digestion in thehuman

J increase surface area in the intestineof the grasshopper

Directions: Use the information below toanswer question 3.

3 Which of the following statementswould greatly weaken the argument ofthis scientist?

A Mosquito repellants have little effi-cacy in preventing mosquito bites.

B Naturally occurring organophos-phates are toxic to many organismseven at low concentrations.

C A vaccination that prevents the WestNile virus has been developed.

D The number of deaths in the USfrom disease transmitted by mosqui-toes has risen sharply.

Recent outbreaks of the West Nile virushave brought public attention to the threatposed by mosquitoes. The range of lethaldiseases carried by mosquitoes is great.Malaria and encephalitis cause serious illnessand death. Female mosquitoes remove bloodfrom mammals in order to produce larvae,and in doing so, release saliva into humansthat may carry organisms that cause disease.The threat these microorganisms pose to thehuman population is extremely serious.Pesticides must be widely used to prevent apublic health emergency. Recently,pharmaceutical companies have developedpotent compounds that afford the means tocontrol and possibly eradicate these dangerousinsects. There are also naturally-occurringcompounds that can and should be used.Because these compounds are producednaturally, they will not harm the environment.We have the capability to prevent suchoutbreaks and thus must not delay.

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TAKS PREP PRACTICE TEST B (continued)

Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

4 Which element has the ability to formstraight chains, branched chains, andrings because its atoms can form fourcovalent bonds?

F CarbonG HydrogenH NitrogenJ Oxygen

5 In the kidney, water and other smallmolecules are forced out of the bloodinto Bowman’s capsule. Most of this fil-trate is subsequently —

A excreted through the urethraB reabsorbed into the blood from the

tubule of the nephronC deaminated to smaller, nontoxic

moleculesD excreted through the skin

6 What is one way to increase the solu-bility of sugar in water?

F Heat the waterG Chill the waterH Increase the amount of sugarJ Decrease the amount of water

7 Which color(s) of light is (are)absorbed by both types of chlorophyll?

I. BlueII. Red

III. Green

A I onlyB II onlyC III onlyD I and II only

8 A scientist heated an expandable rubbercontainer. As the container was heated,the gas inside expanded. The scientistmeasured the container’s size at everytemperature increase of 10°C degreesand then graphed the data. Predictwhat the container size would be if thetemperature were 60°C.

F 74 mLG 75 mLH 76 mLJ 78 mL

9 Heat and pressure deep beneathEarth’s surface can change any rockinto —

A chemical rockB gemstonesC metamorphic rockD sedimentary rock

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10 In the cell cycle, replication of chromo-somes occurs during —

F interphaseG late prophaseH metaphaseJ anaphase

11 Vehicle restraints prevent a passengerfrom continuing to move forward whenthe vehicle stops suddenly. This tenden-cy of an object to resist change in itsmotion is known as —

A mass C forceB inertia D balance

12 Energy required for the formation ofthe first complex organic compoundson the primitive earth could have beenprovided by all the following except —

F lightningG aerobic respirationH radiation emitted by the earth’s crustJ ultraviolet light from the sun

13 What substance is sometimes calledthe universal solvent because it candissolve so many solutes?

A Vinegar C AcidB Alcohol D Water

14 Which genetic disorder causes thebody to produce unusually thickmucus in the lungs and intestine?

F HemophiliaG Down syndromeH Cystic fibrosisJ Sickle-cell disease

Directions: Use the dangerous waste signsbelow to answer questions 15–16.

15 What is another word for the categoryof hazardous waste that sign E represents?

A ToxicB BiodegradableC ReactiveD Compost

16 Which of these signs identifies materi-als that can eat through other materials?

F AG BH CJ D

A B

C D

E

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17 The struggle between organisms tosurvive in a habitat with limitedresources is called —

A competitionB predationC symbiosisD parasitism

18 In what form can an ionic compoundconduct electricity?

F As a solidG When dissolved in waterH As a crystalJ When warmed slightly

19 A heavy box must be lifted from theground to a front porch. Which of thefollowing machines will allow someoneto move the box to the porch by push-ing downward rather than by pullingupward?

Input Force

OutputForce

Output ForceInput Force

InputForce

OutputForceInput Force

Output Force

20 The members of which kingdom(s) aregenerally unicellular and lack most cel-lular organelles?

I. ArchaebacteriaII. Protista

III. Fungi

F I onlyG II onlyH III onlyJ I and II only

21 Offspring with a phenotype that is amixture of the full phenotypes of bothparents without blending of the traits(as in a roan coat in cattle) is characteristic of —

A codominanceB multiple allelesC a dihybrid crossD incomplete dominance

22 In chemical reactions, what does theprinciple of conservation of mass mean?

F Matter is not created or destroyed.G The total mass of the reactants is

greater than the total mass of theproducts.

H The total mass of the reactants is lessthan the total mass of the products.

J Matter is not changed.

A

B

D

C

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23 Why do scientists think related specieshave similar body structures anddevelopment patterns?

A The species inherited many of thesame genes from each other.

B The species inherited many of thesame proteins from a commonancestor.

C The species inherited all the samegenes from a common ancestor.

D The species inherited many of thesame genes from a common ancestor.

24 What is the mass of the substance ifthe mass of the container is 25 g?

F 418.4 gG 393.4 gH 390.9 gJ 368.4 g

25 The growth of plant roots in the direc-tion of the force of gravity is an exam-ple of —

A photoperiodismB geotropismC phototropismD negative tropism

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26 The scientist who suggested that ener-gy can be created under certain condi-tions was —

F Newton H WrightG Einstein J Pascal

27 How is pH important during digestion?

A Digestion occurs only at a constantpH.

B Foods have different pH values.C Enzymes react best with acids.D Different enzymes work best at dif-

ferent pH values.

28 What does messenger RNA do duringprotein synthesis?

F Copies the coded message from theDNA and carries it into the cytoplasm

G Copies the coded message from theDNA and carries it into the nucleus

H Carries amino acids and adds themto the growing protein

J Copies the coded message from theprotein and carries it into the nucleus

29 Choose the correct statement about theendocrine and nervous systems.

A Only the nervous system acts bymeans of chemicals released into thebloodstream.

B The endocrine system is faster inaction than is the nervous system.

C The endocrine and nervous systemsboth work to maintain homeostasis.

D The effects of the nervous systemgenerally last longer than those ofthe endocrine system.

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Directions: Use the diagram below toanswer questions 30–31. The diagram showsthe path of a ball thrown into the air.

30 At which point is the ball’s potentialenergy greatest?

F A H CG B J D

31 At which point is the ball’s kineticenergy greatest?

A A C CB B D D

A

B

C

D

Directions: Use the information below andthe following graphs to answer question 32.

32 The best conclusion to draw from thedata given in these graphs is that —

F geranium and corn plants can live nolonger than 11 days without water

G all plants carry on photosynthesisonly as long as transpiration occurs

H geraniums are more drought-resist-ant than corn plants

J a relationship seems to exist betweentranspiration rate and photosynthet-ic rate in geranium and corn plants

The effect of a lack of water on thephotosynthetic and transpiration rates inplants was examined. Corn and geraniumplants were deprived of water for 11 days.On the twelfth day, water was added to thesoil. The photosynthetic and transpirationrates were determined each day for thelength of the experiment. The results forcorn plants are represented in Graph 1, andthose for the geraniums in Graph 2.

5 10 15 20Number of days

Rat

e (%

)

100

Graph 1

PhotosynthesisTranspiration

5 10 15 20Number of days

Rat

e (%

)

100

Graph 2

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37 The mountain whitefish (Prospopiumwilliamsoni), lake herring (Leucichthysartedi), and Menominee whitefish(Prosopium quadrilaterale) all belong tothe family Coregonidae. The two fishmost closely related to each other arethe —

A mountain whitefish and Menomineewhitefish, because they are bothcalled whitefish

B lake herring and Menominee white-fish, because they belong to thesame species

C mountain whitefish and Menomineewhitefish, because they belong to thesame genus

D mountain whitefish and lake her-ring, because they belong to thesame genus

38 Which of the following is an exampleof a scientific question?

F Is experimenting on white miceright or wrong?

G Should scientists make as muchmoney as athletes?

H Does tanning harm the skin?J Who is the most famous scientist

the world?

33 Heat is transferred from one particle ofmatter to another without the move-ment of matter in a process called —

A conduction C radiationB convection D insulation

34 Which of the following is a descriptionof a liquid?

F Definite shape and volumeG Definite volume but no definite shapeH No definite shape or volumeJ Particles in fixed positions

35 All of the following are endocrineglands except the —

A thyroid glandB salivary glandsC ovaryD adrenal gland

36 The primary reason for not includingthe fungi in the plant kingdom is —

F fungal cells do not contain anorganized nucleus with a nuclearmembrane

G fungal cells do not contain chloro-phyll or perform photosynthesis

H fungi usually have a multicellularform

J fossils of plants and fungi show acertain biochemical similarity

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Directions: Use the information in the wavediagram below to answer questions 39-40.

39 If these two waves were to combinewith each other, what will be theresult?

A Destructive interferenceB Constructive interferenceC Standing wavesD Resonance

40 What will the resulting wave look like?

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41 Why are viruses considered parasites?

A They destroy the cells in which theymultiply.

B They are tiny cells found within protists.

C They are unicellular microorganismsthat reproduce quickly.

D They provide a home for bacteria.

42 Suppose you need to measure the vol-ume of a small rock. You decide to usewater and a graduated cylinder to findthat measurement. You obtain theresults shown above. What is the vol-ume of the rock?

F 15 mLG 25 mLH 50 mLJ 75 mL


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F

G

H

J

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43 The amount of energy required to raisethe temperature of 1 kilogram of asubstance by 1° Kelvin is called its —

A specific heatB heat transferC change of stateD melting point

44 A device with toothed wheels that fitinto one another is called a —

F system of gearsG wheel and axleH pulleyJ fulcrum

45 What does it mean if a compound hasa solubility of 15 g in 100 g of water at0°C?

A 100 g of the compound will dissolvein 15 g of water at 0°C.

B 15 g of the compound will dissolvein 100 g of water at 0°C.

C The compound will not dissolveuntil 15 g of it are present.

D The compound will dissolve only ifthe water temperature is 0°C.

46 Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higherconcentration to an area of lower concentration?

F CollisionG DiffusionH Active transportJ Concentration

47 The hominid believed to be most close-ly related to the modern human was —

A Homo erectusB Cro-MagnonC Homo habilisD Neanderthal

48 Two figure skaters who push off of eachother will move at the same speed if —

F they push with the same forceG the ice does not cause any frictionH there is no air resistanceJ they have the same mass

49 What is a mutation?

A Any change that is harmful to an organism

B Any change in a gene or chromosomeC Any change that is helpful to an

organismD Any change in the phenotype of a cell

50 What is the function of lymph nodes?

F To trap disease-causing bacteriaG To make new lymphH To transfer oxygenJ To return lymph to the bloodstream

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51 What does it mean that this product is“all natural”?

A It is safe for everyone to use.B You can take as much of it as you

want.C It contains no synthetic, or man-

made, ingredients.D It will not interact with any pre-

scription medications.

52 What are the most common side effectsthat are likely to be caused by thisproduct?

F Drowsiness and nauseaG Runny nose, cough, and fever H Increased appetite and weight gainJ Nervousness, rapid heartbeat, and

difficulty sleeping

53 When powdered iron is left exposed toair, it rusts. The rust weighs more thanthe original iron powder. How does thisreaction still obey the principle of con-servation of mass?

A The volume of the rust is alsogreater than the volume of the origi-nal powdered iron.

B The mass of the rust is actually thesame as the mass of the original ironpowder. Only the weight has changed.

C The powdered iron reacted withoxygen in the air to form rust, andthe oxygen has mass.

D Iron was absorbed out of the air andadded to the mass of the originaliron powder.

54 Cockleburs, which are fruits of thegenus Xanthium, often become attachedto animals’ fur and humans’ clothing.Their prickly outer covering —

F enhances seed dispersalG allows a proper period of dormancyH aids cross-pollinationJ permits formation of the pollen tube

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Directions: Use the graph below to answerquestions 55–56.

55 The graph shows the effect of heat onbacteria a. The organisms were exposedto a temperature of 100°C. According tothe information in the graph —

A exposure of bacteria to 100°C for 5minutes reduced the bacterial popula-tion to approximately 1,000 organisms

B maximum sterilization occurs withexposure of bacteria a to 100°C for35 or more minutes

C a temperature of 50°C would killbacteria a half as quickly as does oneof 100°C

D half of bacteria a are killed after 20minutes of heating at 100°C

56 This information is least likely to beuseful in —

F preparation of sterile laboratory cultures

G preparing utensils used for eatingH preparation of fluids used in intra-

venous medicationsJ prevention of infection in an open

wound

10 20 30 40

10

100

1000

10,000

Nu

mb

er o

f su

rviv

ing

bac

teri

a a

(on

a lo

gari

thm

ic s

cale

)

Time (min)

57 In chemical reactions, the law of con-servation of energy means that —

A energy is always lostB energy is always gainedC the total amount of energy stays the

sameD the total amount of energy before

the reaction is less than the totalamount of energy at the end of thereaction

58 Activities such as coughing, heartbeat,and breathing are controlled by the —

F cerebrumG medulla oblongataH cerebellumJ thalamus

59 The table shows the pH values of somecommon substances. What is thestrongest acid on the table?

A Hydrochloric acidB Sodium hydroxide C Sulfuric acidD Pure water

Substance pH

hydrochloric acid

sulfuric acid

tomatoes

rain water

pure water

sea water

ammonium chloride

sodium hydroxide

1.0

1.2

4.2

6.2

7.0

8.5

11.1

13.0

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60 A virus’s proteins are importantbecause they —

F contain the genetic materialG make new virus particlesH provide energy for the virusJ help the virus attach to its host

61 Which of the following only happensduring a chemical change?

A A new substance is produced.B A substance changes color.C A substance releases energy.D A substance changes state.

62 In an experiment investigating how farmodel airplanes with different shapescan travel, which of the following arevariables that need to be controlled?

F Type of wood used; mass of theplanes; glue used; air currents andbreezes

G Whether the shapes look like realairplanes; how old the models are

H What time the test starts; the time ittakes for each test

J Whether the models land smoothlyor become damaged during the test

63 All the children in a family are heterozy-gous for type A blood. Which of the fol-lowing are possible genotypes of theparents?

I. IAIA, iiII. IAi, ii

III. IAIA, IAi

A I onlyB II onlyC III onlyD I, II, and III

64 A solute was added to a solvent andmixed well. Some of the solute fell tothe bottom of the container. Which bestexplains why all of the solute did notdissolve?

F The solution was unsaturated.G The solute was not soluble in the

solvent.H The solution was heated to increase

solubility.J The solution has become saturated.


65 Which organisms in this ecosystemconvert inorganic compounds intoorganic compounds?

A Insects and phytoplankton onlyB Pond plants and phytoplankton onlyC Pond plants onlyD Phytoplankton only

66 Second-order consumers in thisecosystem include —

F snails and insects onlyG fish, ducks, and turtles onlyH fish onlyJ snails, insects, and fish only

ducks

fish

phytoplanktonpond plants

turtles

snails insects

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67 Solar cells are sometimes used topower all the following except —

A calculators C telephonesB lights D passenger trains

68 Which of the following is not a role ofbacteria that live in human bodies?

F Digesting foodG Preventing disease-causing bacteria

from attaching to your intestinesH Making vitaminsJ Preventing diabetes

69 A factor that determines how an atominteracts with other atoms is its —

A number of protonsB number of neutronsC atomic massD number of valence electrons

70 One characteristic used to place organ-isms into kingdoms is —

F how they moveG where they liveH their ability to make foodJ their ability to reproduce

71 Why will water not mix easily with oil?

A Nonpolar water molecules areattracted to each other more strong-ly than to oil molecules.

B Polar water molecules are attractedto each other more strongly than tooil molecules.

C Polar water molecules are attractedto nonpolar oil molecules.

D Polar oil molecules are attracted toeach other more strongly than towater molecules.

72 At what point in the formation of fossilfuels is electromagnetic energy con-verted to chemical energy?

F AG BH CJ D

73 The efficiency of a machine compares —

A force to massB output work to input workC force to frictionD friction to mass

74 The experiments of Redi and Pasteurhelped to demonstrate that —

F species gradually change over timeG living things do not arise from non-

living materialH organisms can be placed in groups

based on similaritiesJ the chemicals of life could have arisen

on early Earth

Animals

Plants

Fossil Fuels

Sun

A

B

C

D

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Directions: Use the information below toanswer question 75.

75 What can you conclude from the reac-tion of the planarian?

A That planarian prefer light to darknessB That planarian prefer darkness to lightC That planarian react slowly to stimuliD That light has no effect on planarian

76 As mammals evolved, they developedeach of the following characteristicsexcept —

F mammary glandsG viviparous reproductionH variable body temperaturesJ well-developed breathing muscles

77 Which of the following does ribonucle-ic acid, but not deoxyribonucleic acid,contain?

I. Ribose II. Phosphate group

III. Uracil and adenine

A I onlyB II onlyC III onlyD I and III only

78 Will this object float in water?

F No, because it is more dense thanwater

G No, because it is less dense than waterH Yes, because it is more dense than

water.J Yes, because it is less dense than water

79 The best example of a parasitic relationship is —

A the algal and fungal cells in a lichenB a tapeworm in the human intestineC bacterial nodules on the roots of

alfalfaD microorganisms living in termite

digestive tract

80 What is the result of using fossil fuelsmore rapidly than they are formed?

F The reserves will eventually be usedup.

G The reserves will be refilled more quickly.

H The reserves will not be affected.J The price of fossil fuels will fall.

Mass of Object = 8 gDensity of Water = 1.0 g/cm3

4 cm

1 cm

4 cm

Three students collected live planarianfrom a lake. They used a medicine dropperand placed the specimen of planarian on adepression slide. Then they examined theplanarian with a hand lens. They identifiedthe anterior and posterior ends, the ventraland dorsal surfaces, the eyespots, and thesensory lobes. Then they placed a smallpiece of construction paper over half of thehand lens. The planarian reacted by movingaway from the light.

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1 In an experiment studying the effectsof acid rain on pond water, which ofthe following could be the control?

A A container of vinegar to representacid

B The pondC A container of pond water with

nothing added to itD A container of pond water with acid

added to it

2 The enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysisof ATP is called ATPase. According tothe graph above —

F the greater the concentration ofpotassium ions, the greater theATPase activity in the presence ofsodium ions

G both sodium and potassium ions arerequired for maximum ATPaseactivity

H ATPase activity depends only on theconcentration of sodium ions

J the presence of sodium ions has lit-tle effect on the activity of ATPase

3 The motion of a car stopping at a trafficlight is an example of —

A accelerationB decelerationC speedD velocity

4 Gas exchange between a leaf and theatmosphere occurs through the —

F stomaG nodesH internodesJ xylem

5 Which process involves a gas changinginto a liquid?

A MeltingB FreezingC VaporizationD Condensation

6 As a result of the presence of valves inveins in the circulatory system —

F blood can flow only toward the heartG only unoxygenated blood is carried

in these vesselsH blood pressure in these vessels is

lower than in arteriesJ oxygenated blood can be passed to

the capillaries

ATPa

se a

ctiv

ity

Na+ present

Na+ absent

Concentration of K+ (M � 10–3)50 100

T A K S P R E P P R A C T I C E T E S T C

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7 Heated air moves from baseboardheaters to the rest of a room in aprocess called —

A conductionB convectionC radiationD insulation

8 How are colds and the flu usuallyspread?

F By cold weather or contact withcontaminated objects

G Through an animal bite or by per-son-to-person transfer

H By coming into contact withpathogens that live naturally in soil

J By person-to-person transfer orcontact with contaminated objects

9 Which of the following inferencescould be made from the graph above?

A The deeper the location of the tem-perature reading beneath Earth’s sur-face, the cooler the temperature is.

B The temperature at a depth of 3.5km would be about 150°C.

C The mantle of the earth is hotterthan the core.

D For every additional kilometer ofdepth, the temperature increasesabout 30°C.

10 What scientific rule states that thebuoyant force on an object is equal tothe weight of the fluid displaced by theobject?

F Archimedes’ principleG Pascal’s principleH Bernoulli’s principleJ Newton’s third law of motion

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11 All of the following can be found inribonucleic acid except —

A PO4 C uracilB ribose D thymine

12 To be used by cells, most substancesmust be dissolved in —

F oxygen H carbonG water J nitrogen

13 Which one of these diseases is causedby bacteria?

A AIDS C Strep throatB Chicken pox D Malaria

14 The troposphere gets most of its heatthrough the process shown in the dia-gram. What type of heat transfer isrepresented?

F ReflectionG RadiationH ConductionJ Convection

Sun

15 Increased amounts of carbon dioxidein Earth’s atmosphere may lead to —

A more photochemical smogB global warmingC a hole in the ozone layerD less of a greenhouse effect

16 Which of the following is a good labo-ratory safety practice?

F Use your hands to pick up hot glass-ware.

G Always wear safety goggles to protectyour eyes in any activity involvingchemicals, flames, or heating.

H Dispose of chemicals and other lab-oratory materials used in an activityby throwing them in the trash.

J If you are instructed to test anychemicals for odors, inhale thefumes directly from the container.

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17 Homeostasis refers to an organism’sability to —

A maintain stable internal conditionsB compete for living spaceC dissolve chemicalsD obtain energy

18 Why does the stick appear to be broken?

F Light is reflected by the glass.G The glass is translucent.H Light is refracted as it passes

through the water.J Light speeds up as it passes from air

to water.

19 Two homologous structures are —

A wing of a bat and flipper of a whaleB fin of a fish and hind leg of a

kangarooC wing of a bird and wing of an insectD fin of a fish and tail of a cat

20 Chemicals that act as biological cata-lysts by speeding up reactions in livingthings are —

F inhibitorsG enzymesH fuelsJ reactants

21 All plants are —

A autotrophsB unicellularC heterotrophsD prokaryotes

22 The achievement of lifting a rocket offthe ground and into space can beexplained by —

F Newton’s first lawG Newton’s second lawH Newton’s third lawJ the law of conservation of

momentum

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23 How many millimeters longer is Line Athan Line B?

A 3.6 mmB 36 mmC 31 mmD 3.1 mm

24 If tight scissors have an efficiency of 50percent, how much of your work iswasted overcoming friction?

F All of itG None of itH One halfJ 10 percent

25 Which part of the respiratory system isalso part of the digestive system?

A NoseB BronchiC PharynxD Trachea

26 When a student adds some phenolph-thalein to a colorless sample, the solu-tion turns red. This indicates that thesample is —

F basic with a pH above 10G acidic with a pH above 10H basic with a pH below 3J acidic with a pH below 3

27 Which of the following statements ispart of the cell theory?

A Only plants are composed of cells.B All cells are produced from other

cells.C Cells can be produced from nonliv-

ing matter.D Cells are one of several basic units of

structure and function in livinggroups.

28 A mutation is harmful to an organismif it —

F changes the DNA of the organismG changes the phenotype of the

organismH reduces the organism’s chances for

survival and reproductionJ makes the organism better able to

avoid predators

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29 According to the figure above, howmany electrons does the fourth energylevel of an atom of calcium contain?

A OneB TwoC SevenD Eight

30 Which of these is one of the main waysthat a new species forms?

F Cross-breeding occurs within thespecies.

G A group is separated from the rest ofthe species.

H Competition occurs between mem-bers of the species.

J Mutations occur in the alleles ofmembers of the species.

31 Which body parts act as the fulcrumsof levers?

A MusclesB BonesC JointsD Tendons

32 Hydrogen and oxygen react chemicallyto form water. How much water wouldbe formed if 2.4 grams of hydrogenreacted with 19.2 grams of oxygen?

F 16.8 gramsG 19.2 gramsH 21.6 gramsJ 24.0 grams

33 Mutualism, commensalism, and para-sitism are the three types of —

A symbiotic relationshipsB predationC competitionD prey adaptations

34 Moving water can be used to produceelectricity because —

F any form of energy can be convertedinto any other form

G energy cannot be converted intoother forms of energy

H potential energy can be convertedinto kinetic energy, but not vice versa

J kinetic energy can be converted intopotential energy, but not vice versa

Ca

F F

F— F—Ca2+

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35 A male guinea pig with black, smoothhair (Br) was crossed with a femaleguinea pig with white, rough hair (bR).The Punnett square above contains thepartial results of crossing two F1 gener-ation offspring. How many white,smooth guinea pigs would be repre-sented in the complete Punnett square?

A OneB TwoC ThreeD Four

36 What information in the periodic tableindicates the number of protons in anatom?

F The position of the element in itscolumn

G The element’s chemical symbolH The element’s atomic numberJ The element’s atomic mass

37 Which of the following is a biotic fac-tor in the prairie ecosystem?

A WaterB SunlightC SoilD Grass

38 When you add so much solute that nomore dissolves, you have a (n)—

F saturated solutionG unsaturated solutionH neutralizationJ suspension

39 This graph shows the effect of pH onthe activity of two enzymes. Choose themost correct statement regarding theinformation presented.

A Trypsin is effective in a wider pHrange than is cholinesterase.

B At pH 6 cholinesterase is less activethan trypsin.

C Both enzymes have maximal activityat around pH 8.

D pH has little effect on either trypsinor cholinesterase.

40 The series of changes that occur after adisturbance in an existing ecosystem iscalled —

F primary successionG secondary successionH disturbance successionJ pioneer succession

cholinesterase

trypsin

0 2 4 6 8 10pH

Act

ivit

y

BR

BR

Br

Br

bR

bR

br

BBRR

BBRr

BbRR

BbRr

BBBr

BBrr

BbRr

Bbrr

BbRR

BbRr

BbRr

br

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Directions: Use the information given belowto answer questions 41–42.

41 How much unsaturated fat does eachserving of this food contain?

A 0 gB 1 gC 2 gD 3 g

42 What Percent Daily Value of carbohy-drates would one serving of this foodprovide to a person who consumes2,500 Calories each day?

F More than 12%G Between 7% and 12%H 7%J Less than 7%

43 What procedure helps doctors diagnosea genetic disorder before a baby is born?

A Genetic engineeringB Selective breedingC AmniocentesisD Cloning

44 Which of the following is a property ofmany organic liquids?

F They dissolve well in water.G They are good conductors of

electricity.H They have strong odors.J They have high boiling points.

45 A scientist planted two morning gloryvines. He put a stake near the first vine.The first vine grew upward, coilingaround the stake, while the second vinegrew low to the ground. Why did onlythe first vine grow upward?

A It responded positively to the stimu-lus of touching the stake.

B It responded more strongly to lightthan the second vine.

C It responded less strongly to gravitythan the second vine.

D It responded negatively to the stim-ulus of touching the ground.

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46 If the mass of the container is 14.5grams, what is the mass of the sand?

F 145.5 gG 153.0 gH 167.5 gJ 182.0 g

47 When a compound dissolves in water —

A it breaks up into individual crystalsB it always conducts electricityC its particles surround individual

water moleculesD each of its particles become sur-

rounded by water molecules

48 What is copied during replication?

F The cell’s organellesG ChromosomesH The cell’s DNAJ Two daughter cells

49 The ideal mechanical advantage of awheel and axle is equal to the —

A radius of the wheel divided by theradius of the axle

B radius of the axle divided by theradius of the wheel

C radius of the wheel divided by thelength of the axle

D length of the axle divided by theradius of the wheel

50 The best way to determine the actualage of a fossil specimen would be to —

F compare the specimen with indexfossils

G determine the age of the rocks inwhich the fossil was found

H use comparative anatomy techniquesJ employ correlation of the rock layers

in the region in which the specimenwas found

51 Why are the waves in this diagramcurved after they pass through theopening?

A They have been reflected.B They have been diffracted.C They have been refracted.D They have formed a standing wave.

Wave Direction

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52 Which of the following have the samenumber and arrangement of valenceelectrons?

F The elements in a periodG The elements in a groupH The elements having similar atomic

massesJ The elements having similar atomic

numbers

53 Which term refers to an environmentalfactor that prevents a population fromincreasing?

A Biotic factorB Abiotic factorC ImmigrationD Limiting factor

54 The heliocentric system gained supportwhen Galileo observed that —

F one side of the moon always facesEarth

G most of the smaller planets are closer to the sun

H Venus goes through phases similarto those of Earth’s moon

J the orbit of each planet is an ellipse

55 The Fuelgen method is a staining tech-nique used to demonstrate the presenceof DNA. Which of the followingorganelles would be stained by thismethod?

I. NucleusII. Nucleolus

III. Mitochondrion


56 In the absence of friction, a train carmoving at 10 m/s collides with a traincar of equal mass that is at rest. Afterthe collision, the cars are coupledtogether. What is the velocity of thecoupled cars after the collision?

F 0 m/sG 5 m/sH 10 m/sJ 20 m/s

57 Which of the following is an example ofa correctly written, testable hypothesis?

A People should taste this new healthfood and see whether it makes themstronger.

B When dog owners don’t feed theirpuppies Brand A food, the puppiesdo not grow properly.

C If Frederico had added leaves to thecompost pile last year, he wouldn’thave to buy organic fertilizer now.

D If it is dark, then an owl will find amouse by the sound the mousemakes.

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58 Fungi are classified into groups basedpartly on —

F how they obtain foodG how they moveH where they liveJ the shape of their spore-producing

structures

Directions: Use the diagram below toanswer questions 59–60.

59 What are the organisms in the numberone level called?

A Primary consumersB ProducersC ParasitesD Predators

60 In this food web, the number five levelincludes bacteria and fungi. What arethe organisms in the number five levelcalled?

F HerbivoresG DecomposersH ScavengersJ Carnivores

61 What happens when you add salt to thewater when cooking spaghetti?

A It brings the water to a boil faster.B It make the water hotter when it boils.C It reduces evaporation of the water.D It makes the spaghetti cook more

slowly.

62 What is the main function of the excre-tory system?

F To protect the nervous systemG To strengthen skeletal musclesH To bring oxygen to body cellsJ To collect and remove wastes from

the body

63 Which of the following is (are) formedduring the light-dependent reactionsof photosynthesis?

I. O2

II. NADPHIII. ATP


64 The pipefish holds its body verticallywhen swimming, thus resembling thethin leaves of sea plants. This behavioris referred to as —

F speciationG warning colorationH mimicryJ adaptive radiation

1.

3. Second-Level Consumers

2. First-Level Consumers

4. Third-Level Consumers

5.

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65 Tropocollagen, the longest known pro-tein, occurs in the form of a triple helix.Which one of the following statementscan be inferred from the graph above?

A Heating has essentially no effect onthe structure of tropocollagen.

B Tropocollagen becomes completelydenatured at 40°C.

C At 20°C, the triple helix of tropocol-lagen uncoils to a double helix.

D Tropocollagen is most activebetween 20°C and 40°C.

66 What must happen for water to changeits state?

F It must maintain the same energylevel.

G It must absorb solar energy.H It must absorb or release energy.J Its temperature must decrease.

67 If an object moves in the same direc-tion and at a constant speed for 4hours, which of the following is true?

A The object’s speed changed duringthe 4 hours.

B The object’s speed and average speedwere equal during the entire 4 hours.

C The object accelerated during the 4hours.

D The object decelerated during the 4hours.

68 The graph above illustrates how differ-ent amounts of solid compounds dis-solve in water at different temperatures.Which solubility curve reveals a com-pound that is not greatly affected by anincrease in temperature?

F NaNO3 H NH4ClG KNO3 J NaCl

69 Some bacteria cause diseases by pro-ducing poisons known as —

A toxins C antibioticsB vaccines D contamination

100

50

20 40Temperature (˚C)

Tro

po

colla

gen

hel

ixco

nte

nt (

%)

Temperature (˚C)

Solu

bili

ty (g

per

100

g w

ater

)

1501401301201101009080706050403020100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Kl

NaNO 3

Ce2(SO4)3

NH4Cl

KNO

3

NaCl

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70 The transfer of energy by electromag-netic waves is called —

F conductionG convectionH radiationJ insulation

71 A close relationship between twospecies that benefits at least one of thespecies is called —

A natural selectionB symbiosisC adaptationD competition

72 Which of the following represents aproper laboratory safety procedure?

F Mouth pipettingG Never leaving an open flame

unattendedH Eating and drinking in the laboratoryJ Cleaning up a chemical spill without

telling the teacher

73 All of the following characteristics ofthe human small intestine increase itssurface area for absorption of nutri-ents except —

A long lengthB peristalsisC villiD folds

74 Heating sugar will cause it to decom-pose into carbon and water. If 100grams of sugar is heated at a high tem-perature, eventually only 40 grams ofcharred, hardened carbon will remain.What happens to the other 60 grams ofthe original mass?

F It is absorbed by the carbon.G It is destroyed by heating.H It escapes as carbon gas.J It escapes as water vapor.

75 The bar graph shows the rate at whichone bacterium will reproduce if condi-tions of food and temperature are good.At this rate, how many bacteria will beproduced in 2.5 hours?

A 16B 24C 32D 48

Tim

e

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Number of Bacteria

2 hours

11/2 hours

1 hour

1/2 hour

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76 What is the most widely used source ofrenewable energy in the world today?

F Hydroelectric powerG Solar powerH Biomass fuelsJ Tidal power

77 How does HIV damage the immunesystem?

A By destroying T cellsB By destroying B cellsC By damaging antibodiesD By delaying the inflammation

response

78 The law of conservation of energystates that when one form of energy isconverted into another —

F energy is destroyed in the processG no energy is destroyed in the processH energy is created in the processJ some amount of energy cannot be

accounted for

79 Which of the following functions doesblood perform in the human body?

I. Transport of materialsII. Defense against pathogens

III. Regulation of body conditions

A I onlyB I and II onlyC III onlyD I, II, and III

80 Sugars, amino acids, vitamins, andminerals are absorbed in —

F 3G 4H 6J 7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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1 The graph shows the average life spansof different mammals in captivity.Which mammal lives about one-fourthas long as the Asian elephant?

A LionB Gray squirrelC BaboonD Beaver

2 Meat, nuts, and beans are all goodsources of —

F complete proteinsG incomplete proteinsH simple carbohydratesJ complex carbohydrates

3 What happens when two atoms form achemical bond?

A Like charges in the atoms causethem to stick together.

B The atoms fit together like twopieces of a puzzle.

C The atoms share or transfer electrons.D The two atoms combine into a new,

larger atom.


4 What types of pollutants do people tryto reduce on ozone or air pollutionaction days?

F DustG PollenH Air pollutants from natural sourcesJ Air pollutants from human activities

5 Why would not driving help to reduceair pollution?

A Cars burn fossil fuels, producing anumber of air pollutants.

B Cars produce ozone, a chemical insmog.

C Car exhaust is the main cause ofacid rain.

D Car exhaust increases the humidityof the atmosphere.

6 Complete the correct order: kingdom,phylum—

F order, class, family, genus, speciesG class, family, order, genus, speciesH class, order, family, genus, speciesJ class, order, family, species, genus

Lion

Mammal

Gray S

quirrel

Baboon

Beave

r

Ave

rage

Lif

e Sp

an (y

ears

)

5

Asian El

ephan

t

Horse

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

When air pollution levels are high, somecities declare ozone or air pollution actiondays. On these days, people volunteer to dothings that will limit air pollution. Drivingless is one action that people take. They mayride city buses, which are often free of chargeon action days. People who must drive onthese days may avoid buying gasolinebecause filling up a car’s gasoline tankreleases pollutants.

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7 What process occurs as fish feed andgrow in a lake containing mercury?

A The fish excrete more mercury thanthey consume, causing greater con-tamination of the lake.

B The fish do not acquire additionalmercury as they feed.

C The fish die quickly after ingestingmercury.

D The fish accumulate mercury intheir bodies as they feed, increasingthe internal concentration over time.

8 Evidence from the study of mercurydeposition rates in many lakesdescribed above suggests that —

F a few of the lakes have strong pointsources of mercury

G the mercury comes from many wide-spread regional or global sources

H each lake acquires mercury from soilsources alone

J only rivers deposit mercury in lakes

9 What could account for increasingmercury deposition rates over time?

A Increased use of fossil fuels thatrelease atmospheric mercury whenburned

B Change in fish dietsC Change in soil compositionD Volcanic activity

10 Why are sex-linked traits more com-mon in males than in females?

F Alleles on an X chromosome aredominant.

G Alleles on a Y chromosome arerecessive.

H A recessive allele on an X chromo-some always produces the trait in amale.

J Matching alleles on the X and Ychromosomes are codominant.

11 What process is shown in this diagram?

A Emission of a beta particle duringradioactive decay

B Emission of an alpha particle duringradioactive decay

C A solute molecule dissolving in asolvent

D A chemical reaction

Mercury contamination in fish hasbecome a major environmental problem.Mercury is toxic to humans and can causeadverse effects on the nervous system,particularly in fetuses and young children.

Researchers studying lakes in Minnesotaand Wisconsin found that annual mercurydeposition increased from 3.7 g/m2 prior to1850 to 12.5 g/m2 in recent years. In addition,they found that mercury deposition rateswere similar among widely scattered lakes.These lakes were relatively undisturbed andhad no known direct sources of mercury.

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12 Which graph shows the motion of aperson who rode a bicycle at a constantspeed and then stopped to rest?


13 Why might scientists suspect a directrelationship between increasing aver-age atmospheric concentration of CO2and indications of global warming?

A CO2 reacts chemically with atmos-pheric nitrogen to increase air temperature.

B As atmospheric CO2 concentrationincreases, the ability of the atmos-phere to absorb radiated heat due tothe “greenhouse effect” increases.

C Carbon dioxide reacts chemicallywith ocean waters to increase airtemperature.

D As atmospheric CO2 concentrationincreases, the ability of ocean watersto absorb radiated heat due to the“greenhouse effect” increases.

14 Which of the following is the onlystatement that can be justified usingonly the information above?

F Global climate is warming and thisis definitely caused by increasingatmospheric CO2 concentration.

G Global climate seems to be warmingand is correlated with increasingatmospheric CO2 concentration, butmore information is required toprove that CO2 is the cause.

H Global climate is unaffected byincreasing atmospheric CO2concentration.

J The global climate is not warming.

Dis

tanc

e

OTime

Dis

tanc

eO

Time

Dis

tanc

e

OTime

Dis

tanc

e

OTime

Several environmental indicators areconsistent with the hypothesis of globalwarming. Temperature data collected overthe last century suggest that the average landsurface temperature has risen 0.45–0.6°C(0.8–1.0°F). Average annual precipitationhas increased by about 1 percent across theworld’s continents in the last century.

Furthermore, sea level has risenworldwide approximately 15–20 cm (6–8in.) during the same period. Meanwhile,careful measurements of averageatmospheric carbon dioxide concentration(CO2) show a steady increase from about320 ppm (parts per million) in 1960 to over360 ppm in the year 2000.

F

G

H

J

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15 What type of substance is shownabove?

A A covalent compoundB A gasC An ionic compoundD A liquid

16 This graph shows the growth curves oftwo species of Paramecium when theyare grown together. How well does eachspecies do when they compete for thesame resources?

F Both species grow and thrive.G Neither species grows or thrives.H P. caudatum outcompetes P. aurelia

in order to survive.J P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum

in order to survive.

17 The eyespot is a structural adaptationin the euglena that —

A provides mobilityB excretes excess waterC lets it position itself to obtain maxi-

mum sunlight for photosynthesisD produces eggs during reproduction

Days

Growthrate

P. aurelia

P. caudatum

Incr

easi

ng

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

– + – +

–+–+

–+–+

– + – +

18 Which type of plate boundary occursat X?

F Convergent H TransformG Divergent J Subduction

19 If temperature is constant, whichgraph shows the relationship betweenthe pressure and volume of a gas?

20 Which statement best explains whyatoms are electrically neutral?

F Atoms are electrically neutral becausenuclei always contain neutrons.

G Atoms are electrically neutralbecause they contain equal numbersof electrons and protons.

H Atoms are electrically neutralbecause they contain equal numbersof neutrons and protons.

J Atoms are electrically neutral becausetheir nuclei always contain electrons.

Plate Boundaries

Ocean floor

Mantle

Continent Ocean floor

X Y

Volume

Pres

sure

VolumePr

essu

re

Volume

Pres

sure

Volume

Pres

sure

A

B

C

D

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21 This graph shows the absorption spectraof chlorophylls a and b. Choose themost correct statement about this data.

A Chlorophyll a always absorbs moreenergy than chlorophyll b.

B Plants with more chlorophyll a willconduct more photosynthesis thanplants with more chlorophyll b.

C The characteristic colors of plantsresult from the lack of energy absorp-tion of the chlorophylls in the 500-to-600 nm range of the spectrum.

D The least amount of energy isabsorbed by the chlorophyllsbetween 600 and 700 nm.

22 Which statement below best explainsthe factors that affect the speed ofsound in dry air?

F The speed of sound in dry air variesonly with temperature and increasesas temperature increases.

G The speed of sound in dry air variesonly with temperature and decreasesas temperature increases.

H The speed of sound in dry air varieswith both temperature and pressure.

J The speed of sound in dry air varieswith neither temperature nor pressure.

a

b

100

50

400 500 600 700Wavelength (nm)

Ligh

t en

ergy

ab

sorb

ed (%

)

23 What type of molecule is shown in the diagram?

A A polar moleculeB An ionic moleculeC A nonpolar moleculeD A shared molecule

24 Which statement best describes howrocket propulsion works?

F Hot gas from the rocket motorpushes against the ground to givethe rocket thrust.

G Hot gas from the rocket motorpushes against the air to give therocket thrust.

H The force of hot gas leaving therocket motor produces an equal andopposite force to propel the rocket.

J The rocket motor allows travel byreducing friction as much as possible.

(–)

(+)

(+)

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Directions: Use the diagram of two circuitsto complete questions 25–27. All of the lightbulbs in both circuits are identical, and thetwo dry cells are also identical. Assume thebulbs are all visibly lit in both circuits.

25 The bulbs —

A glow so that no two have the samebrightness

B all glow with the same brightness inboth Circuits A and B

C glow brighter in Circuit A than inCircuit B

D glow brighter in Circuit B than inCircuit A

26 The amount of current flowing —

F is the same through the dry cells inCircuits A and B

G is larger through the dry cell inCircuit A than it is through the drycell in Circuit B

H is larger through the dry cell inCircuit B than it is through the drycell in Circuit A

J is zero through each dry cell inCircuits A and B

Direction ofelectron flow

Direction ofelectron flow

Circuit A Circuit B

1 2

3

1 2 3

Series and Parallel Circuits

Sun1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9

10

7

11

The Solar SystemNot to scale

27 Which statement is true about CircuitsA and B?

A Both circuits are series circuits.B Circuit A is a series circuit and

Circuit B is a parallel circuit.C Circuit B is a series circuit and

Circuit A is a parallel circuit.D Both circuits are parallel circuits.

28 Which statement best describes howObject 7 is different from the otherobjects shown in this diagram?

F Object 7 is a planet and has a moreeccentric orbit than the other objects.

G Object 7 is an asteroid and has amore eccentric orbit than the otherobjects.

H Object 7 is a comet and has a moreeccentric orbit than the other objects.

J Object 7 is a comet and always stayscloser to the sun than all of theother objects.

29 What type of weathering causes themineral composition of rocks to change?

A Mechanical weatheringB Permeable weatheringC Chemical weatheringD General weathering

Sun1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9

10

7

11

The Solar SystemNot to scale

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Directions: Use the diagram below for questions 30–32. The diagram has six partslabeled A–F.

30 This structure controls the movementof materials into and out of the cell.

F CG DH EJ F

31 This structure is the control center forcell metabolism and reproduction.

A AB BC DD F

32 Where does protein synthesis occur?

F AG BH DJ F

Directions: Use the illustration of the watercycle below to answer questions 33–35.

33 What is the energy source that drivesthe processes in the water cycle?

A Heat energy from deep within EarthB The sun’s energyC Static electricity from lightningD Energy released and absorbed when

water changes state

34 During what process does water vaporcool in the air to form clouds?

F Evaporation H RespirationG Transpiration J Condensation

35 Batteries produce an electric current ina complete circuit by using—

A stored static electric chargesB stored mechanical energyC electromagnetic waves they have

absorbedD electrochemical reactions within the

batteries

Cell Structures

CA

BE

F

D

The Water Cycle

Precipitationruns off intobodies of water

Water fallsto Earth asprecipitation

Precipitation soaks intoground becoming groundwater

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36 What is the purpose of the motorizedcompressor in a typical refrigerator?

F Increase the temperature and pres-sure of the refrigerant so it canchange from gas to liquid.

G Decrease the temperature and pres-sure of the refrigerant so it canchange from liquid to gas.

H Add heat to the refrigerant toimprove energy efficiency.

J Remove heat from the refrigerant toimprove energy efficiency.

37 What is the function of the evaporatorthat carries refrigerant inside the com-partment of a typical refrigerator?

A The evaporator helps transfer heatfrom the refrigerant to the air insidethe compartment as the refrigerantchanges from gas to liquid.

B The evaporator insures that allmoisture inside the compartmentremains in a gaseous state.

C The evaporator pressurizes the refrig-erant so that it can absorb more heat.

D The evaporator helps transfer heatfrom the air inside the compartmentto the refrigerant as the refrigerantchanges from liquid to gas.

Directions: Questions 38–39 refer to thediagram below.

38 Which number(s) represent the posi-tion(s) of maximum potential energyof the pendulum?

F 1 only H 1 and 3G 1 and 2 J 2 only

39 Which number(s) represent the posi-tion(s) of maximum kinetic energy ofthe pendulum?

A 1 only C 1 and 3B 1 and 2 D 2 only

40 Why is Earth’s climate usually warmernear the equator than near the poles?

F The sun is directly overhead moreoften near the equator than near thepoles.

G The equator is always closer to thesun than the poles.

H There is more volcanic activity nearthe equator.

J Ocean currents carry heat from thepoles to the equator.


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In a refrigerator, the liquid refrigerantmust evaporate (change from a liquid to agas) so that it can absorb heat from theinterior compartment of the refrigerator tocool the food. As a gas it must condense intoa liquid so that it can release the absorbedheat to the outside and then be recycledthrough the refrigerator to absorb more heat.

Energy of a Pendulum

1 3

2

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1 If you put a balloon in a freezer, it willshrink. What happens to the gas in theballoon?

A As the temperature of the gasdecreases, its pressure decreases,causing the balloon to shrink.

B The cold temperature causes the gasparticles to move faster and leak outof the balloon.

C Some of the gas leaks out becausethe cold temperature causes the rubber to become porous.

D As the temperature of the gasdecreases, its pressure increases,causing the balloon to shrink.

Directions: Questions 2–4 refer to the dia-gram below with six parts labeled with numbers.

2 Energy by the cell is converted in the —

F 2G 3H 4J 5

3 The structure that contains chromo-somes is the —

A 1B 3C 4D 6

4 This complex controls transport of certain proteins and secretions.

F 2G 4H 5J 6

Directions: The equation below shows thechemical reaction for photosynthesis. Usethe equation to answer questions 5–6.

5 What is produced during photosynthesis?

A Carbon dioxide and waterB Light energyC Carbon dioxide and glucoseD Glucose and oxygen

6 Why are the words “light energy” writ-ten above the arrow in the equation?

F Light energy is necessary for thereaction to occur.

G Light energy is produced during the reaction.

H Oxygen exists only in the presenceof light.

J Glucose exists only in the presenceof light.

6CO2 � 6H2O C6H12O6 � 6O2

light energy

3

1

4

6

2

5

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7 This diagram shows that the Pacificplate is —

A sliding past the North Americanplate

B moving away from the NorthAmerican plate

C riding up and over the NorthAmerican plate

D diving beneath the North Americanplate

Directions: Use the information below to answer questions 8–9.

NorthAmericanplate

San AndreasFault

Pacificplate

8 What might stop the settling of the ground in the San Joaquin Valley?

F Decreasing water useG Planting more cropsH Increasing water useJ Building more cities

9 Infer why the withdrawal of ground-water caused a drop in the elevation of the ground.

A As groundwater is withdrawn, morewater rushes in from nearby.

B As groundwater is withdrawn, thelevel of the ground on top of itsinks.

C As groundwater is withdrawn, waterrises closer to the surface.

D As groundwater is withdrawn, soilparticles become smaller.

10 Which of the following illustrationsshows the situation where the mostwork is being done?

Force applied = 80 N

Distance moved = 0.5 m


Distance moved = 1 m

Force applied = 2 N




F

G

H

J

Because of agriculture and a largepopulation, the San Joaquin Valley inCalifornia requires a large amount of freshwater. For many years, groundwater hassupplied most of the fresh water used forfarming and drinking.

Some hydrologists think that farmersand cities have withdrawn too much waterfrom the ground in the Valley. In the lasthundred years, the elevation of the groundhas dropped almost 9 meters in places.

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11 The illustration shows the furrows ofa farmer’s field. What method has thisfarmer used to prevent erosion?

A Conservation plowingB Sod irrigationC OvergrazingD Contour plowing

12 A satellite is said to be in geosynchro-nous orbit if it —

F orbits Earth at least twice per day.G is in close-Earth orbitH is located at one specific altitude

where it orbits at the same rate thatEarth rotates staying above the samepoint on Earth at all times

J is located at one of many possiblealtitudes where it orbits at the samerate that Earth rotates, staying abovethe same point on Earth at all times

13 If two compounds in a solution reactto form a salt, the reactants were probably —

A covalent compoundsB a polar and a nonpolar moleculeC an acid and a baseD a solute and a solvent

Directions: Use the illustration below toanswer questions 14–16.

14 What is the first process that occurswhen sedimentary rock forms?

F Existing rock is weathered and eroded.

G Sediment is buried and compacted.H Existing rock is melted.J Buried sediment is cemented

together.

15 What process must occur for igneousrock to form from existing rock?

A Heat must melt the rock.B The rock must be eroded.C Pressure must act on the rock.D Lava must erupt from a volcano.

16 Identify the processes involved in theformation of sedimentary rock.

F Cooling, crystallizationG Weathering, erosion, compaction,

cementationH Melting, cooling, solidificationJ Heating, melting, cooling

Melting

Cooling and solidification

Deposition of sediment

Burial, compaction,and cementation

IGNEOUSROCK

METAMORPHICROCK

Heat and/or pressure

SEDIMENTARYROCK

Weatheringand erosion

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17 Why did Charles receive a shock eachtime he touched a doorknob?

A His house had a short circuit.B Water molecules in the air carried

positive charges to the doorknob.C Electrons were transferred from his

shoes to the carpet by friction, giv-ing him a slight positive charge.

D The doorknob was magnetic.

18 Which hypothesis best explains whyCharles did not feel a shock when hetook off his shoes and socks?

F His feet were sweaty and did notconduct electricity.

G The material on his shoes trans-ferred electrons to the carpet, buthis feet did not.

H His shoes were somehow magnetic,giving him an electric charge.

J Electric current cannot pass throughbare skin.

19 Why didn’t Charles receive a shock thenext day, even when he wore his shoes?

A Water molecules in the air from therain carried off extra electrons, socharges did not build up on objects.

B Imelda’s body attracted the chargesinstead, so Charles did not getshocked.

C Imelda touched the door knob first,so it did not have charges built upon it.

D Water molecules in the air acted asinsulators, preventing the flow ofcharge.

20 Earth has seasons because —

F Earth rotates on its axisG the distance between Earth and the

sun changesH Earth’s axis is tilted with respect to

the plane of its orbit as it movesaround the sun

J the temperature of the sun changes

21 After the Industrial Revolution inEngland, the numbers of light- anddark-colored peppered moths in thepopulation changed. Which color ofmoths became more common andwhy?

A Light-colored moths, because theyblended in with soot-covered trees

B Light-colored moths, because theyblended in with the light given offby industrial processes

C Dark-colored moths, because gar-deners sprayed chemicals to killlight-colored moths

D Dark-colored moths, because theyblended in with soot-covered trees

One dry, windy day, Charles noticedthat he got a small shock every time hetouched a doorknob. He found that themore he rubbed his feet on the carpet, themore likely he was to get a shock. Later inthe day, Charles took off his shoes andsocks. He then could no longer get a shockfrom touching a doorknob.

The next day it was raining outside.Charles decided to show his sister Imeldahow to get a shock. He put on the sameshoes that he had on the day before. To hissurprise, he could not get a shock, nomatter how much he rubbed his shoes onthe carpet.

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22 Which best completes the statement?Nitrogen oxide emissions can formacid rain when —

F nitrogen oxides combines with car-bon dioxide in the air to form nitricacid that falls as acid rain

G nitrogen oxides reacts with water inthe air to form nitric acid thatbecomes acid rain

H nitrogen oxides reacts with ground-water to form nitric acid thatbecomes acid rain

J nitrogen oxides reacts with oceanwater to form nitric acid that falls asacid rain

23 Which best completes the statement?Nitrogen oxide emissions can formphotochemical smog when —

A nitrogen oxides reacts with wateralone in the presence of sunlight

B nitrogen oxides reacts with wateralone in darkness

C nitrogen oxides reacts with hydro-carbons and other chemicals in thepresence of sunlight

D nitrogen oxides reacts with hydro-carbons and other chemicals indarkness

24 Which type of tide is shown in this diagram?

F Spring tide at new moonG Neap tide at first-quarter moonH Spring tide at full moonJ Neap tide at third-quarter moon

25 The circled pair of electrons in thechlorine molecule —

A shows an ionic bond between twoatoms

B causes the molecule to have a nega-tive charge

C belongs to the atom on the left D is shared by both atoms

Cl Cl

Tide

Earth

SunNitrogen oxides are compounds ofnitrogen and oxygen that may be releasedduring the combustion of fossil fuels.Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the aircan combine with other airborne chemicals,including water, oxygen, and hydrocarbons,to form pollutants.

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26 Which group of metals is so reactivethat its members are never founduncombined in nature?

F Alkali metalsG Alkaline earth metalsH Transition metalsJ Metalloids

Directions: Questions 27–29 refer to thegraph below. The graph shows the change ineggshell thickness of two types of fish-eatingbirds over a period of years. This periodincludes the years 1945–1947, when DDT,a pesticide employed for insect control, wasintroduced into general use.

27 The most correct statement about theeggshell thickness of Birds A and B isthat it —

A evened off from 1950 to 1960B sharply increased between 1930

and 1940C sharply decreased between 1945

and 1950D sharply decreased between 1960

and 1970

28 According to the graph, DDT appearsto have —

F had a negative effect on eggshellthickness

G had no effect on eggshell thicknessH reduced the populations of fish

eaten by these birdsJ had little effect after about 1955

29 DDT was sprayed over the land to con-trol insects. It is believed to interferewith birds’ ability to metabolize cal-cium. The best explanation for howthis pesticide came to affect theeggshells of Birds A and B is that —

A DDT, washed into bodies of water,was passed through a food chainconsisting of plankton, fish, andBirds A and B

B Birds A and B were sprayed withDDT

C insects sprayed with DDT infestedthe nests of Birds A and B

D fish eaten by Birds A and B acciden-tally had been sprayed with DDT

30 Why are fossil fuels considered nonre-newable resources?

F They contain stored chemical en-ergy, which is released by burning.

G They take millions of years to form.H Fossil fuel reserves are often located

deep underground.J The burning of fossil fuels produces

greenhouse gases.

Bird A

Bird B

Eggs

hel

l th

ickn

ess

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970Years

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31 After eating, glucose begins to moveinto the bloodstream and the level ofinsulin released by the pancreas —

A increasesB decreasesC remains the sameD is equal to the level of glucagon

32 The pancreas of a person with Type Idiabetes produces little or no insulin.People with this condition must getinsulin injections to prevent —

F low levels of glucose in the bloodstream

G high levels of glucagon in the muscleand liver cells

H low levels of glucose in the bodycells

J high levels of glucagon in the bloodstream

33 When the amount of insulin reaches acertain level in the blood, the pancreasstops releasing insulin. This process, inwhich a system is turned off by thecondition it produces, is called —

A passive immunityB negative feedbackC an inflammatory responseD a chain reaction

34 Which of the following was not a char-acteristic of the pea plants that Mendelused for his genetic experiments?

F They were easy to grow.G They had pairs of easily observable

contrasting traits.H All their genes were linked.J Their structure prevented cross-

pollination in nature.

35 Which of the following illustrationsbest depicts a container holding a gas?

If the concentration of glucose in aperson’s bloodstream is not kept withina certain range, serious health problemscan result. When the concentration ofglucose increases, the pancreas secretes ahormone called insulin. Insulin acts todecrease the amount of glucose in thebloodstream by moving glucose fromthe blood into body cells.

The pancreas releases anotherhormone called glucagon when theamount of glucose in the blooddecreases. Glucagon causes muscle andliver cells to release stored glucose intothe bloodstream. In this way, thepancreas helps the body maintain aconstant level of glucose in the blood.

A

B

C

D

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38 What would be the most likely effecton Jenny’s family if there were little or no wind for a period of ten days?

F They would not be able to use electrical appliances.

G They would have to burn morewood to keep their house warm.

H They would have to find anothersource of water.

J They would have to take cold showers.

Directions: Use the information in the wavediagram below to answer questions 39–40.

39 What type of wave is shown in the diagram?

A TransverseB SurfaceC ElectromagneticD Longitudinal

40 What label should be given to point Aon the wave?

F AmplitudeG WavelengthH CompressionJ Rarefaction


36 Jenny’s house uses a renewable resourceto heat it. What is that resource?

F Solar energyG Biomass fuelH Wind energyJ Geothermal energy

37 What two features of Jenny’s home aredesigned to trap solar energy?

A The water tower and the windmillB Panels on the roof and the water

towerC The propane tank and the stoveD The windows and panels on the roof

Jenny’s family had a new home builton 20 acres of country land. The familydecided that their new home should getits energy from more than one source.

First the family installed electricityfrom the local power company and apropane tank to supply gas for cooking.Then they had solar panels put on theirroof to help heat their hot water. Themany windows on the south side of thehouse let in sunlight. The sunlightwould help warm the house in thewinter. They also bought a woodburning stove to use as the main sourceof heat for the house.

Because they lived in the country, thefamily’s water came from a well. Insteadof putting an electric pump in the well,they installed a windmill. The windmillpumped water from the well into awater tower. Gravity then carried thewater through pipes into their home.

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