Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People
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Transcript of Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry
PeopleThe promise and potential of African
agriculture to fight hunger and poverty
Prof. Dr Ir Rudy RabbingeChair Science Council CGIAR
G.5. Plenary Keynote AddressesOctober 19th 2007, Beijing
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Food availability per caput
Source: FAOstat
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140
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Asia
S America
SS Africa
Ind
ex
Year
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Achievements in Agriculture• Food production per person increased by
30% over past 5 decades, despite doubling of population
• Discontinuous productivity rise• Major role for technology
• Fertilizers• Variety improvement (rice,
wheat, maize)• Mechanization• Irrigation• Biocides
• Proper institutions in place
3000
2000
1000
(kg/ha)
4000yield of paddy (Indonesia)
130
2,5
kg/haper year
1950 1960 1970 1980
year
3000
2000
1000
(kg/ha)
4000yield of paddy (Indonesia)
130
2,5
kg/haper year
1950 1960 1970 1980
year
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
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1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
SS Africa lags behind
GDP: $ 474
Growth 1988-2000: –0.6%
Increase labor productivity (1960-2000)
• World 160%
• Sub Saharan Africa 121%
• Europe (15) 634%
Population: 600 MBirth rate: 2.7%Malnourished: 180 M
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Diagnosis
1. Absence of dominating food crops
2. Weathered soils
3. Erratic rainfall
4. Endemic plant and animal diseases
5. Multitude of farming systems
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Diagnosis (cont.)
6. Land / Labor productivity low
7. Dominant role for women – limited access to resources
8. Lack of investment in agricultural research
9. Lack of knowledge infrastructure
10.Brain drain
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Diagnosis (cont.)11.Lack of functioning academic institutions
12.Not functioning local and regional markets
13.Land entitlement inappropriate
14.No stimulating political and economic environment
15.Inadequate capacity to impact global policy formulation
16.Lack of good governance
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Hunger Hotspots & Farming Systems
Irrigated systemMaize mixed systemTree crop based systemCereal root crop mixed system
Hunger Hotspot (CIESIN)
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Strategic recommendations – four domains
1. Technology options that can make a difference (11)• Pursue a strategy of integrated sustainable intensification
• Reduce land degradation and replenish soil fertility
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Recognizing the potential of rain-fed agriculture
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Mechanization
Labor productivity increase from 1960-2000 (%)
• World 160
• SubSaharan Africa 121
• East&Souteast 203
• South Asia 165
• Latin Amer.& Car. 246
• North America 360
• Europe (15) 634
0.0
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8.0
10.0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Year
Act
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mai
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ield
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ha
-1)
Africa South of Sahara East & South East AsiaSouth Asia Latin Amer & Caribbean
North America Developed
European Union 15
Land productivity
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Strategic recommendations – four domains
1. Technology options that can make a difference (11)• Pursue a strategy of integrated sustainable intensification
• Reduce land degradation and replenish soil fertility
2. Building impact-oriented research, knowledge and development institutions (5)
3. Creating and retaining a new generation of agricultural scientists (5)
4. Markets and policies to make the poor prosperous and food secure (5)
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Conclusion
• Ample opportunities for S&T to increase food security, to alleviate hunger and to strengthen development
• The African situation requires specific instead of generic S&T solutions
• Not one green revolution, but multitude of rainbow evolutions
• Full power S&T unlocked only when scientific development is accompanied by adequate enabling conditions (including the international community)
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Dissemination
• African organizations (Nepad, AU, FARA, SROs, NARIs)
• Multilateral organizations (UN, FAO, UNEP)
• Scientific organizations (IAC, national academies, ARIs)
• Donor organizations (DGIS, DFID)
• Creation of AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa)
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Coordination with other panels
• Millennium Development Goals• MDG has eclipsed the IAC in most recommendation areas
• The global report of the Science Council of the CGIAR• Proposed programs of the two taskforces in line with the
recommendations of the IAC report • Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program
• Pilot Learning Sites
• The World Bank coordinated IAASTD• The IAC-report was presented and well received• Objectives correspond directly to IAC-report
• The World Development Report• Strengthens the role of research and technology
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Technology options that can make a difference
• Challenge Program
Irrigated systemMaize mixed systemTree crop based systemCereal root crop mixed system
Hunger Hotspot (CIESIN)Pilot Learning Sites (CP SSA)
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Technology options that can make a difference
• Challenge Program
• Program for Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa (DONATA)
• SROs competitive grants
• Multi-country Agricultural Productivity Program (MAPP)
• Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP)
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Building impact-oriented research, knowledge and development institutions
• African Centers of Agricultural Research Excellence (ACAREs): Biosciences East and Central Africa (BECA)
• Network of African Science Academies (NASAC)
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Creating and retaining a new generation of agricultural scientists
• Building African Scientific and Institutional Capacity Building (BASIC)
• Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM)
• Global Open University• Economics of Agriculture and Natural Resources
• Agro-ecology
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Markets and policies to make the poor income and food secure
• Political willConstant emphasis in dissemination• NEPAD
• FAO
• CGIAR
• Appropriate instruments
• Commitment of the world community
• Adequate financial support
C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H
Thank you