Take Five What is culture? Give an example. What is the difference between culture & society or...
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Take FiveTake Five
What is culture? Give an example.What is culture? Give an example. What is the difference between What is the difference between
culture & society or ethnicity?culture & society or ethnicity?
Unit #1Unit #1
Chp 4: Human Geography: Chp 4: Human Geography: People & PlacesPeople & Places
The elements of cultureThe elements of culture Culture: the knowledge, attitudes, Culture: the knowledge, attitudes,
and behaviors shared by a group of and behaviors shared by a group of people and passed on to another people and passed on to another generationgeneration
Society: a group that shares a Society: a group that shares a geographic region, sense of identity geographic region, sense of identity and cultureand culture
Ethnic group: a group of people that Ethnic group: a group of people that have common language, customs & have common language, customs & heritage heritage
How can a culture be shared or How can a culture be shared or spread?spread?
Innovations—taking resources or other Innovations—taking resources or other technologies and turning it into something technologies and turning it into something newnew
Diffusion—spread of ideas and inventionsDiffusion—spread of ideas and inventions Cultural hearth—site where innovative Cultural hearth—site where innovative
technique emergedtechnique emerged Acculturation—when a society changes Acculturation—when a society changes
when it adopts an innovation from another when it adopts an innovation from another societysociety
Wally Points…Wally Points…
What is an example of diffusion What is an example of diffusion today?today?
What is an example of acculturation What is an example of acculturation today?today?
LanguagesLanguages
Languages help to identify a group of Languages help to identify a group of people in a culturepeople in a culture
There are 3,000-6,500 language There are 3,000-6,500 language spoken world widespoken world wide
All languages have been categorized All languages have been categorized into different language familiesinto different language families
Versions of languages are known as Versions of languages are known as dialectsdialects
Language FamiliesLanguage Families
Take FiveTake Five
(1-2)Using the graph of pg 74 answer (1-2)Using the graph of pg 74 answer the skill builder questions.the skill builder questions.
(3) Name 5 different dialects.(3) Name 5 different dialects.
The Role of Religion in CultureThe Role of Religion in Culture
Religion is defined as a belief in a Religion is defined as a belief in a supernatural power or powers that supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universemaintainers of the universe– Monotheistic—belief in 1 godMonotheistic—belief in 1 god– Polytheistic—belief in many godsPolytheistic—belief in many gods– Animistic—belief in nature gods (sun, Animistic—belief in nature gods (sun,
moon, river etc)moon, river etc)
Major World ReligionsMajor World Religions Judaism—the oldest monotheistic religion, Judaism—the oldest monotheistic religion,
established approx. 3,200 years ago, beliefs are established approx. 3,200 years ago, beliefs are written in the Torahwritten in the Torah
Christianity—evolved from the teachings of Christianity—evolved from the teachings of Judaism around 2,000 years ago. Based on the Judaism around 2,000 years ago. Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and spread through teachings of Jesus Christ and spread through disciples (followers of Christ) and missionaries. disciples (followers of Christ) and missionaries. Beliefs are written in the Bible. Worship 1 God.Beliefs are written in the Bible. Worship 1 God.
Islam—Based on the teachings of the Prophet Islam—Based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Began around 613 AD. Monotheistic Muhammad. Began around 613 AD. Monotheistic and worship Allah. Beliefs written in the Koran and worship Allah. Beliefs written in the Koran (Qur’an)—divisions: Sunni & Shiite(Qur’an)—divisions: Sunni & Shiite
Hinduism--Hinduism--
Religions of the WorldReligions of the World
World Religions World Religions · · ChristianityChristianity: 2 billion: 2 billion · · IslamIslam: 1.3 billion: 1.3 billion · · HinduismHinduism: 900 million: 900 million · · Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/AtheistSecular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: 850 million: 850 million · · BuddhismBuddhism: 360 million: 360 million · · Chinese traditional religionChinese traditional religion: 225 million: 225 million · · primal-indigenousprimal-indigenous: 150 million: 150 million · · African Traditional & DiasporaAfrican Traditional & Diaspora: 95 million: 95 million · · SikhismSikhism: 23 million: 23 million · · JucheJuche: 19 million: 19 million · · SpiritismSpiritism: 14 million: 14 million · · JudaismJudaism: 14 million: 14 million · · Baha'iBaha'i: 6 million: 6 million · · JainismJainism: 4 million: 4 million ·· ShintoShinto: 4 million: 4 million ·· Cao DaiCao Dai: 3 million: 3 million · · TenrikyoTenrikyo: 2.4 million: 2.4 million · · Neo-PaganismNeo-Paganism: 1 million: 1 million · · Unitarian-UniversalismUnitarian-Universalism: 800 thousand: 800 thousand · · RastafarianismRastafarianism: 700 thousand: 700 thousand · · ScientologyScientology: 600 thousand: 600 thousand · · ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism: 150 thousand: 150 thousand
Populations of the WorldPopulations of the World
Section 2: Population GeographySection 2: Population Geography
Population geographers study birth Population geographers study birth rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, infant-mortality rates, and other infant-mortality rates, and other statisticsstatistics
In order to replace the current rates In order to replace the current rates of population, our fertility rates of population, our fertility rates would need to be 2.1—today the would need to be 2.1—today the average rate is 3.0average rate is 3.0
Wally Points…Wally Points…
What factors have caused our What factors have caused our population to reach over 6 billion?population to reach over 6 billion?
In 2000, which areas had the highest In 2000, which areas had the highest and lowest birth rates? P 78and lowest birth rates? P 78
How is the rate of natural increase How is the rate of natural increase determined? P 79determined? P 79
Population PyramidPopulation Pyramid
Population DistributionPopulation Distribution
2/3’s of the world’s population live 2/3’s of the world’s population live between 20between 2000 N and 60 N and 6000N N
½ are living in rural areas½ are living in rural areas– Push-pull factorsPush-pull factors
Reasons why people leave one area in favor of Reasons why people leave one area in favor of anotheranother
There are 2 megacitiesThere are 2 megacities– Tokyo 28 million peopleTokyo 28 million people– Population density—estimated 80% will live in Population density—estimated 80% will live in
urban areas by 2080urban areas by 2080
TokyoTokyo
Wally Points…Wally Points…
Are more skyscrapers the answer for Are more skyscrapers the answer for megacities? Why or why not?megacities? Why or why not?
What about natural disasters? What about natural disasters?
Section 3: Political geography Section 3: Political geography State-an area (country)State-an area (country)that governs its own internalthat governs its own internaland external affairs and external affairs independent of anotherindependent of another Nation-a group of people with a common Nation-a group of people with a common
culture living in a territory and having a culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unitystrong sense of unity
Nation-state-a country and group occupy Nation-state-a country and group occupy the same territorythe same territory
Stateless nation-when a group of people Stateless nation-when a group of people do not have a territorydo not have a territory
Types of GovernmentTypes of Government
DemocracyDemocracy MonarchyMonarchy
– TheocracyTheocracy DictatorshipDictatorship SocialismSocialism CommunismCommunism
Geographic Characteristics of a Geographic Characteristics of a NationNation
Size, shape and relative locationSize, shape and relative location National boundaries—based on National boundaries—based on
physical land featuresphysical land features– Landlocked countriesLandlocked countries
Artificial boundaries—lines of latitude Artificial boundaries—lines of latitude and longitude, but basically invisibleand longitude, but basically invisible
Section 4: Urban Geography—the Section 4: Urban Geography—the study of how people use space in citiesstudy of how people use space in cities Cities, metropolitan areas, suburbsCities, metropolitan areas, suburbs
– Geographers study land use patterns Geographers study land use patterns (i.e. residential, industrial or (i.e. residential, industrial or commercial)commercial)
Trend towards urbanizationTrend towards urbanization– Shopping, entertainment, government Shopping, entertainment, government
facilities, cultural events, public parksfacilities, cultural events, public parks– Mass transit: trains, trolleys, buses, taxi, Mass transit: trains, trolleys, buses, taxi,
subways etcsubways etc– Problems…Problems…
Not so far fetched “skyscraper Not so far fetched “skyscraper farms” & cities within skyscrapersfarms” & cities within skyscrapers
Section 5: Economic Geography-production Section 5: Economic Geography-production and exchange of goods and services among and exchange of goods and services among
a group of peoplea group of people Types of economic systems:Types of economic systems:
– Traditional economy—barter systemTraditional economy—barter system– Command economy-economy Command economy-economy
determined by the central governmentdetermined by the central government– Market economy-free enterprise—Market economy-free enterprise—
capitalismcapitalism– Mixed economy-combination of Mixed economy-combination of
command and marketcommand and market
Wally Points…Wally Points… Which of the following levels of economic Which of the following levels of economic
activity most closely describes the US activity most closely describes the US economy?economy?
Primary activities-the gathering of raw Primary activities-the gathering of raw materialsmaterials
Secondary activities-manufacturing of raw Secondary activities-manufacturing of raw materials into a finished productmaterials into a finished product
Tertiary activities-providing business or Tertiary activities-providing business or professional servicesprofessional services
Quaternary activities-provide information, Quaternary activities-provide information, management and research services management and research services
Natural ResourcesNatural Resources
Renewable-can be replaced through Renewable-can be replaced through natural processesnatural processes
Non-renewable-cannot be replaced Non-renewable-cannot be replaced or very slow to replaceor very slow to replace
Inexhaustible energy sources-sun, Inexhaustible energy sources-sun, geothermal heat, winds and tidesgeothermal heat, winds and tides
What does GNP refer to?What does GNP refer to?
Per capita income—average amount Per capita income—average amount of money earned by each person in a of money earned by each person in a political unitpolitical unit
Gross National Product—total value Gross National Product—total value of goods and services produced by a of goods and services produced by a country in a yearcountry in a year
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)—GDP (Gross Domestic Product)—goods and services produced within goods and services produced within a country in a yeara country in a year
Georgia places ranked by per capita incomeGeorgia places ranked by per capita income Skidaway Island, GeorgiaSkidaway Island, Georgia – $63,851 – $63,851 Vernonburg, GeorgiaVernonburg, Georgia – $49,391 – $49,391 Daisy, GeorgiaDaisy, Georgia – $47,166 – $47,166 Sandy Springs, GeorgiaSandy Springs, Georgia – $45,494 – $45,494 Vinings, GeorgiaVinings, Georgia – $45,068 – $45,068 Dunwoody, GeorgiaDunwoody, Georgia – $43,523 – $43,523 Berkeley Lake, Georgia – $43,439 Berkeley Lake, Georgia – $43,439 Avondale Estates, Georgia – $42,605 Avondale Estates, Georgia – $42,605 Woolsey, Georgia – $42,177 Woolsey, Georgia – $42,177 Alpharetta, Georgia – $39,432 Alpharetta, Georgia – $39,432
World GDPWorld GDP 1United States 14,264,600 2 Japan 4,923,761 3 People's Republic of China 4,401,614 4 Germany 3,667,513 5 France 2,865,737 6 United Kingdom 2,674,085 7 Italy 2,313,893 8 Russia 1,676,586 9 Spain 1,611,767 10 Brazil 1,572,839