Tajweed For Beginners - Internet Archive...TAJWEED FOR BEGINNERS Preparedby: MoulanaQariIsmailIshaq...
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TAJWEED FOR BEGINNERS Prepared by: Moulana Qari Ismail Ishaq Head of Tajweed Department Madrasah Arabia Islamia Madrasah Arabia Islamia Azaadville - South Africa
Transcript of Tajweed For Beginners - Internet Archive...TAJWEED FOR BEGINNERS Preparedby: MoulanaQariIsmailIshaq...
TAJWEED
FOR
BEGINNERS
Prepared by:
Moulana Qari Ismail Ishaq
Head of Tajweed Department
Madrasah Arabia Islamia
Madrasah Arabia Islamia
Azaadville - South Africa
btr;^mm\\fflKJ^T^^^^yr\.
-*i
- >^Ulj-^LJ>-£.uiJl
TAJWEED
FOR
BEGINNERS
TAJWEED FOR BEGINNERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
. Definition, Purpose and Benefit of Tajweed 1
2. Major, Minor errors 2
. Rules of Isti'aazhah and Bismillah 4
[4 . The Arabic alphabet * 85 . Makhaari j 96 . The Teeth 111 . Sifaat 168. Sifaat - Mutadhaaddah ; 179 . Sifaat - Ghair Mutadhaaddah 22
. Terms to know 241. Sifaat-e-Aaridhah 25.2 . Rules of Alif 273. Rules of Laam 284 . Rules of Raa 295 . Rules of Meem and Noon Mushshaddad 346 . Rules of Meem Saakin 347
.
Rules of Noon Saakin ^nd TanWeen 368. Rules of Madd 409. Madd-e-Asli Y.Y.V.V."//."."/. Y400. Madd-e-Far'ie
. ............ .411. Madd-e-Muttasil
. ............... .412. Madd-e-Munfasil ...... ./////..... .423
.
Madd-e-Aaridh Waqfi Y ........ YY ! Y ! 42i
. Madd-e-Laazim Y Y Y Y [435. Rules of Waqf Y.YYYYY.YYY YY *
.465
.Waqf according to Last Letter ! Y .......... 46
7.Waqf according to Place /./...../ 4S
3.Waqf according to Condition of Qari ....... . . Y 50
) . Saktah c,)
.Miscellanea !!!!!!!!! 52
THE IMPORTANCE OF TAJWEED
Allah Taala states in the Quran Majeed:"And recite the Quran with measure."In the commentary of this verse, Hazrat Ali RA.states: *Tar,teel means to know the Tajweed of theletters and to recognize the places of pausing."
In another place, Allah Ta'ala says:
"And with measure have We revealed it (the Quran).'
In a Hadlth it has been narrated:
"Allah desires that the Quran be recited In the man-ner it was revealed" Since the Quran was revealed'with Tajweed, it Is compulsory to recite the Quranwith Tajweed. We also know that Allah Taala hasmade it compulsory upon us to learn Tajweed be-cause without the knowledge of Tajweed, wewill not be able t£ recite the Quran with TajweedIf we do not do so, then we are liable to be sinful
especially those that do not care, for it is narrated
that many are they who recite the Quran, while the
Quran curses them.
TAJWEED
TAJWEED MEANS: To recite every letter CORRECTLY,from it's Makhraj, with all it's Qualities.
THE PURPOSE OF TAJWEED t To recite the QURAAN in themanner IT was revealed to, AND recited by NABI-E-KAREEM SALLALLAHU ALAIHI WA SALLAM.
THE BENEFIT OF LEARNING AND RECITING THE QURAAN,WITH TAJWEED is that a person will be honoured inthis world (DUNYA) and the Hereafter (AAKHIRAT).
NOTE: It is COMPULSORY (FARDH) to learn TAJWEED.
Questions
l.What is the definition of Tajweed?2. What is the purpose and benefit of Tajweed?3. What is the Law (rule) concerning Tajweed?
ERRORS
Errors which are made whilst reciting the QURAAN areof TWO TYPES:
1. MAJOR ERRORS. V-^i
2. MINOR ERRORS.""J 'M
1. MAJOR ERRORS:1. To recite one letter in place of another;
e.g. instead of reciting xJL>^\ a person recites
j^Jijj or instead of ^ a person recites j*
or in place of J* he recites o and so on.
2. To add a letter to a word
e.g. a person adds a J after the ;> in -uLijt
and a <S after ^ thus reciting ^J'jlL>JI
3
.
To delete a letter from a word
e.g. not to recite the 3 in \JjJ^J
and thus recite it as aLSJ^J
4
.
To recite one HARKAT in place of another
e.g. to recite with a KASRA (ZER) on the £ in
^U$l instead of a FAT 'HA (ZABAR)
or to recite the HAMZAH in £jj»>\ with a FAT 'HA
instead of KASRA.
5. To recite a HARKAT in place of a JAZM
e.g To read on both the J and/orf
with a ZABAR
thus oJv^t
NOTE: To make any of the above mentioned errors isa MAJOR SIN AND HARAAM. It is COMPULSORY TO REFRAINFROM THESE ERRORS.
******************
2. MINOR ERRORS
I
Those errors (mistakes) a person makes, when he doesnot recite with any of those RULES which show theBEAUTY OF THE QURAAN-E-KAREEM
e.g. not to recite the j in o<Co with a full
mouth when it has a FAT 'HA, or not to recite the
TWO J in *J£\ with a full mouth when there is
a FAT 'HA or a DHAMMAH (PESH) before them,
or not to make GHUNNA, IKHFAA or MADD.
NOTE: To make any of these Minor Errors is a MINORSIN AND MAKROOH. To refrain from these Errors isalso NECESSARY,
Questions
l.Give the names of the two types of -errors?2. Name any three Major Errors?3. What is the Law (rule) concerning Major andMinor Errors?
4. What are Minor Errors?
THE RULES OF ISTl'AAZHAH b^ijL^I
AND BISMILLAH
Before reciting the QURAAN-E-KAREEM, it is NECESSARYto recite ISTI'AAZHAH.
A^jJt tjbliJI (#* ail %£\
When STARTING a SURAH, it will be NECESSARY torecite BISMILLAH
BUT NOT AT THE BEGINNING OF SURAH TAUBAH (PARA 10)
If commencing anywhere in a SURAH , besides thebeginning, then it will be OPTIONAL to reciteBISMILLAH, but it will be BETTER IF RECITED.
Whilst reciting the QURAAN-E-KAREEM, if a personspeaks of worldly affairs, OR replies to someone'sSALAAM, OR has something to eat or drink, then itwill be NECESSARY for him to REPEAT THE ISTI'AAZHAHBEFORE CONTINUING.
A. THE RECITATION OF ISTI'AAZHAH AND BISMILLAH ATTHE BEGINNING OF A SURAH.
This can be done in FOUR ways:
1. WASLE KUL.fy/j>
2. WASLE AWWAL - FASLE THAN I . tydfltftys
3. FASLE AWWAL - WASLE THAN I
.
d/tfidsk}?'
4. FASLE KUL. }fyf
NOTE: WASL means: To recite TOGETHER.FASL means: To recite SEPARATELY.
Therefore;1. WASLE KUL means to recite ALL together.2. WASLE AWWAL - FASLE THANI means to recite theFIRST TWO together and the THIRD separately.3
.
FASLE AWWAL - WASLE THANI means to recite theFIRST separately and join the SECOND AND THIRD.4. FASLE KUL means to recite ALL separately.
1. WASLE KUL: To recite ISTI'AAZHAH AND BISMILLAHand the beginning of the SURAH together
e.g. ^r^^S^j^i J^\ tjKllI 6* Mi $#
2. WASLE AWWAL - FASLE THANI t To recite ISTI'AAZHAHAND BISMILLAH together, stopping after BISMILLAHand reciting the beginning of the Surah separately
3. FASLE AWWAL - WASLE THANI: To recite ISTI'AAZHAHseparately and BISMILLAH and the beginning of theSurah together
4. FASLE KUL: To recite ISTI'AAZHAH, BISMILLAH andthe beginning of the Surah separately
e ' g' %~&i&&i*jsr--\ o.-i-r3»»tjM ,«t^^yi
B. THB RECITING OF ISTI'AAZHAH, BISMILLAH ANDANYWHERE IN BETWEEN A SURAH, BESIDES THEBEGINNING COULD BE DONE IN FOUR WATS.
NOTE: Only TWO ways are permissible, i.e. FASLE KULand WASLE AWWAL - FASLE THAN I . The remaining TWOways are NOT permissible.
1. FASLE KULx To recite ISTI'AAZHAH, BISMILLAH andthe AAYAT all separately. To recite in this way ispermissible
e.g. %^<&$&j^ O^^c^'^^i^l
2. WASLE AWWAL - FASLE THANI: To recite ISTI'AAZHAHand BISMILLAH together and the AAYAT SEPARATELY. Torecite in this way is permissible
3. FASLE AWWAL - WASLE THANI: To recite ISTI'AAZHAHseparately, and BISMILLAH and the AAYAT together. Torecite in this way is NOT permissible
4. WASLE KULi To recite ISTI'AAZHAH, BISMILLAH and
the AAYAT together. To recite in this way is NOT
permissible
e.g. ji-^<*&&*rJl .sk^fc^'^sA^I
C. THE COMPLETING OF A SURAH AND THE BEGINNING OFTHE NEXT SURAH COULD BE DONE IN FOUR WAYS.
1. WASLE KUL: To recite the END of a SURAH,BISMILLAH and the BEGINNING of the NEXT SURAH alltogether.
e.g
2. WASLE AWWAL - FASLE THANIi To recite the END ofa SURAH and BISMILLAH together and the beginning ofthe NEXT SURAH separately
NOTE: To recite in this manner is NOT permissible,as a person may think that BISMILLAH is part of thePREVIOUS SURAH, whereas the place of BISMILLAH is atthe beginning of the SURAH, not the end.
3. FASLE AWWAL - WASLE THANI: To recite THE END ofa SURAH separately, and BISMILLAH and the BEGINNINGof the NEXT SURAH together
4. FASLE KULt To recite the END of a SURAH,BISMILLAH and the BEGINNING of the NEXT SURAHseparately
Questions
l.What does the terms Isti'aazhah and Bismillahmean?
2. When should Isti'aazhah be read?3. When will Bismillah be read?4 .When will it be necessary to repeat the
Isti 'aazhah?5. What does Wasl and Fasl mean?6. When starting a surat, in how many ways could
Isti'aazhah, Bismillah and the beginning of thesurat be read?
7. Will it be permissable to recite Wasle Awwal-Fasle Thani when completing one surah andbeginning the next? Give the reason also.
Hadhrat Uthman RA narrates that
Rasulullah (Sallallahu-Alayhi-Wasallam) said:
"The best amongst you is he who learns
the Quran and teaches it."
If there was no Hadith except this Hadith
it would have been sufficient to prove the
importance and virtue of the HolyQuran.
\
THE ARABIC ALPHABET ARE 29 WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS:
U, i*
t-
JEEM THAA TAA BAA ALIF
Vijj p^ £'t tttRAA 2HAAL DAAL KHAA HAA
0*0*0-0- i;
'J
DHAAD SAAD SHEEN SEEN ZAA
toK.*t *]; 4FAA GHA1N AIN ZHAA TAA
NOON MEEM LAAM KAAF QAAF
±{J\&9M uy %5YAA HAMZAH HAA WAAW
8
MAKHAARIJ
tfakhraj is the place where the sound of the letteroriginates
.
According to Imaam Khalil Rahmatullahi-alaih thereare 17 MAKHAARIJ,
1. JOWFE-FAM p ^yr
Emptiness of the mouth.
From this Makhraj is pronounced the three letters of
MADD, fj J \
e.g. {#£They are known as HUROOFE-MADDAH PJ^.ujJ
and HUROOFE-HAWA-IEYAH J)S *->*S
2. AQSA-E-HALQ {j*[}'
The part of the throat nearest to the chest.
From this Makhraj is pronounced the letters p and q
3. WASTE-HALQ (jf^
The centre of the throat.
From this Makhraj is pronounced the letters ^ and ^4. ADNAA-E-HALQ J*J ^
The part of the throat nearest to the mouth.
From this Makhraj is pronounced the letters^ and^
NOTE: The above letters ^ £_ C C * ^
are known as HUROOFE-HALQI ]^^fas they originate from the throat.
5. THE EXTREME BACK OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THEPALATE.
From this Makhraj the letter (^ is pronounced.
6. THE BACK OF THE TONGUE, (BUT NOT AS FAR BACK ASTHAT OF QAAF, A LITTLE TO THE FRONT OF THE MOUTH),WHEN TOUCHING THE PALATE.
From this Makhraj the letter ^j is pronounced.
NOTE: The letters <J and £ are known as HUROOFE-
LAHATIYAH Z?p £/// and HUROOFE-LAHWIYAH because
they are pronounced from near the LAHAAT £lj Uvula»
7. THE CENTRE OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THEPALATE.
From this Makhraj is pronounced the letters
<j» (S GHAIR MADDAH.
NOTE: The letters £. J* ^ GHAIR MADDAH are known
as HUROOFE-SHAJRIYAH J"̂ L^ *!**? because they are
pronounced from the centre of the mouth.
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THE TEETH.
A person commonly has 32 teeth. They are as follows:
THANAYA: IV_^- - Central Incisors (4)" "':
Two THANAYA ULYA V? K - Upper Central Incisors.
Two THANAYA SUFLA ^C^ - Lower Central Incisors.
NEXT TO THE THANAYA ON EACH SIDE ARE THE
RABA'IE: fyj - Lateral Incisors (4)
Two RABA'IE ULYA y £\j - Upper Lateral Incisors.
Two RABA'IE SUFLA^ $\j - Lower Lateral Incisors.
NEXT TO THE RABA'IE ON EACH SIDE ARE THE
ANYAAB: —'& - Canines (4)
Two ANYAAB-E-ULYA &f *^t' - Upper Canines.
Two ANYAAB-E-SUFLA J^-^t' - Lower Canines.
NEXT TO THE ANYAAB ON EACH SIDE ARE THE
DHAWAAHIEK: U?/j> - First Premolars (4)
Two DHAWAAHIEK-E-ULYA Of J^f-Upper first Premolars
Two DHAWAAHIEK-E-SUFLA J^ -r*!^
-Lower first Premolars
11
NEXT TO THE DHAWAAHIEK ON EACH SIDE ARE THE
TAWAHIEN: J^*^ - Second Premolars (4), First
Molars (4), Second Molars (4)
Six TAWAHIEN-E-ULYA V? tfJ?
- Upper Second Premolars, First and Second Molars.
Six TAWAHIEN-E-SUFLA - y J*{f
- Lower Second Premolars, First and Second Molars.
The last tooth in the mouth on each side is called
the NAAJIZ '^l* (third molar).
Two Nawaajiz Ulya l> >*'y on left and right.
Two Nawaajiz Sufla!jf' >f'y on left and right.
NOTE: The DHAWAHIEK, TAWAHIEN, NAWAJIEZ, together
are known as the ADHRAAS.
They are the premolars which are (8):2 Top right 2 Top left2 Bottom right 2 Bottom leftand the molars which are (12)3 Top right 3 Top left3 Bottom right 3 Bottom left.
THE TEETHTHE TEETH COMPLETE ARE 30 AND 2THANAYA ARE 4 AND RABA' IE ARE 2,2ANYAAB ARE 4 AND THEN 20 REMAINADRAAS HAVE THE QARIS GIVEN IT'S NAMEDAWAHIEK 4 AND TAWAHIEN 12 YOU KNOWNAWAJIEZ SIDE BY SIDE HAS 2, 2 ALSO.
12
Central Incisors
Lateral Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
— Centre of Tonoue
Immediate Top of Tongue
Tin of Tongue
Inner Centre of Bottom Lfc
-tftLW'
ft THE BACK EDGE OF THE TONGUE, UPTURNED, WHEN
TOUCHING THE ROOTS OF THE MOLARS AND THE PRE-MOLARS .
From this Makhraj the letter ^j* is pronounced.
There are three ways of pronouncing the Jfi :
1. From the right side2. From the left side3. From both sides at the sametimeBut it is commonly easier to pronounce the J? from
the left side.
NOTE: The letter Je> is known as HARFE-HAFIYAH^Uj^
because it is pronounced from the upturned sides of
the tongue
9. THE EDGE OF THE TONGUE, WHEN TOUCHING THE GUMS OFTHE TEETH, WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE PRB-MOLAR ON ONESIDE, TO THE PRB-MOLAR ON THE OTHER SIDE.
From this Makhraj the letter J is pronounced.
10. THE EDGE OF THE TONGUE, WHEN TOUCHING THE GUMSOF THE TEETH, WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE CANINE ON ONESIDE, TO THE CANINE ON THE OTHER SIDE
From this Makhraj the letter O is pronounced.
11. THE EDGE OF THE TONGUE, INCLUDING THE IMMEDIATETOP, WHEN TOUCHING THE GUMS OF THE CENTRAL INCISORS(THANAYA ULYA) AND THE LATERAL INCISORS (RABA'IEYAH)
From this Makhraj the letter J is pronounced.
NOTE: The letters J j J are known as HUROOFE-
TARFIYA 'J¥ <L>Xy AND HUROOFE-ZHALKIYA Z$j J^&because they are pronounced from the edge of thetongue.
13
12. THE TIP OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THE ROOTS OPTHE THANAYA ULYA.
From this Makhraj the letters ^2 O are pronounced
NOTE: The letters J, ^ O are known as HUROOFE
-NIET'IEYAH £k> £t/S because they are pronounced
from the cavity of the roots of the THANAYA ULYA
13. THE TIP OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THE EDGE OFTHE CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYA ULYA)
From this Makhraj the lettersJj> ^ ^are pronounced
NOTE: The letters ^ j ^ are known as
HUROOFE-LIETHWIYAH %% ^^ because they are
pronounced from the teeth which are attached to the
gums which in turn are known as LITH-THA. &14. THE TIP OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THE EDGE OFTHE LOWER CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYA SUFLA)
,
INCLUDING THE UPPER CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYA ULYA) .
From this Makhraj the letters^jP {jT Jare pronounced
NOTE: The letters ^j> l/" J are known as
HUROOFE-ASALIYA ^/ <2*j? because they are
pronounced from the sharp tip of the tongue.
15. THE INNER CENTRE OF THE BOTTOM LIP WHEN TOUCHINGTHE EDGE OF THE UPPER CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYAULYA) .
From this Makhraj the letter <$ is pronounced.
14
16. BOTH THE LIPS (WHEN MEETING)
From this Makhraj the letters^ ( J GHAIR MADDAH
are pronounced.
NOTE: 1. ^ is pronounced from the wet portions of
the lips..
is pronounced from the dry portions off the lips.
is pronounced by the incomplete meetingJ
of the lips.
2. The letters J» *-r> f } are known as
HUROOFE-SHAFAWIYAH *j£ *jV7 because they are
pronounced from the lips.
17. KHAISHOOM ?j? - THE NOSTRILS.
From this Makhraj the GHUNNA is pronounced.
******************************
Questions
1. Define Makhraj.2. How many Makharij are there?3. a. What is the Makhraj of £ J~ i5 ghair maddah?
b. Explain <S ghair maddah.4. Recite the poem regarding the teeth.5. a. Which letter is known as Harfe Hafiyah?b.And what is it's Makhraj?c.How many ways are there of pronouncing this
letter?6. Which letters are known as Huroofe Niet'ieyah?7. a. What is the Makhraj of the Huroofe Shafawiyah?
b. Describe the difference in the Makhraj of
3 ^ ^15
Khaishoom
Jowf
SIFAAT
DEFINITION
t
The qualities with which a letter is
pronounced is called SIFAT
SIFAAT ARE OF TWO TYPES s \
1. LAAZIMAH £jjfi
2. AARIDHAH ^[f
1. LAAZIMAH t That quality which is found in theletter itself.2. AARIDHAH t That quality which is found due tocircumstances.
LAAZIMAH IS OF TWO TYPES »
1. ZHAATIYAH
2. MAHALLIYAH 5*
1. ZHAATIYAH l
That quality which has to do with the pronouncing ofthe letter itself. Without the quality, it isimpossible to pronounce the letter. If- the letter ispronounced, it will be incomplete.
2. MAHALLIYAH I
That quality which describes the MAKHRAJ of theletter.
16
ZHAATIYAH IS OP TWO TYPES J
A, MUTADHAADDAH
B. GHAIR MUTADHAADDAH
A. MDTADHAADDAHs
Those two qualities which are opposite to eachother.NOTE: MUTADHAADDAH has five pairs. From each pair,NEITHER can the two qualities be found together inany one letter, NOR can any letter be without anyone of the two qualities. From each pair, onequality will DEFINITELY be found in a letter.
B. GHAIR MUTADHAADDAHs Those qualities which have NOOPPOSITES.
A. THERE ARE TEN TYPES OF MUTADHAADDAHs
1. HAMS
3. SHIEDDAT
5. ISTIE'LA
7. ITBAAQ
9. IZHLAAQ
1. HAMS
^-f (1st pair)
£l5(2nd pair)
&u^(3rd pair)
2. JAHR ^4*
4. RIKHWAT OJ^J
6 . ISTIFAAL JlXli»|
£Lt| (4th pair) 8. INFITAAH £hil]
b$A (5th Pair )
10 'ISMAAT <^^J
(ft is that quality , which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter ends off so LOWin the Makhraj, that the BREATH will REMAIN FLOWING.
'-•"V
e.g. The J^j in <t*$j
NOTE: 1. There are 10 LETTERS of HAMS, which are;
,'jy<>*o*f/
17
2. The LETTERS of HAMS are known as MAHMOOSAH.
3. The OPPOSITE of HAMS is JAHR.
2. JAHR jf* is that quality, which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter ends off so HIGHin the Makhraj, that THE BREATH will not continue toflow.
e.g. The * in gre
NOTE: 1. The LETTERS of JAHR are known as
MAJ ' HOORAH . 0j%
2. Besides the LETTERS of MAHMOOSAH, the restare MAJ 'HOORAH.
3. SHIEDDAT £*Xs, is' that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE of the letter will be HARD, andthe VOICE of the letter will END OFF in the Makhraj
e.g. The $ in ©cU-l
NOTE: 1. There are 8 LETTERS of SHIEDDAT, which are;
2. The LETTERS of SHIEDDAT are known as
SHADEEDAH £l&
3. The OPPOSITE of SHIEDDAT is RIKHWAT.
4. RIKHWAT &3P2 is that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE of the letter will be SOFT andthe VOICE of the letter will REMAIN FLOWING in theMakhraj
e.g. The ^j in >£&U
18
NOTE: 1. The LETTERS of RIKHWAT are known as
RIKHWAHp/l
2. BETWEEN the QUALITIES of SHIEDDAT andRIKHWAT, there is ANOTHER QUALITY known asTAWASSUT
TAWASSUT Jcuy is that quality, which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter will be BETWEENTHE QUALITY of SHIEDDAT AND RIKHWAT
e.g. The J in Jj
NOTE: 1. There are five LETTERS of TAWASSUT, whichare ,, j j
,
2. The LETTERS of TAWASSUT are known asMUTAWASSITAH. l&
3. Besides the LETTERS of SHADIDAH, ANDMUTAWASSITA the REST are the LETTERS ofRIKHWAT.
5. IL-IZ'LA /• V ^ " that quality, which whenpronounced, the MAJOR PORTION of THE TONGUE from theBACK, will rise towards the palate
e.g. The ^ in j\j> ljuapv
NOTEi 1. There are seven LETTERS of ISTIE'LA, which
&&&2. The LETTERS of ISTIE'LA are known as
MUSTA ' LIYAH J&f
3. The OPPOSITE of ISTIE'LA is ISTIFAAL.
19
6. ISTIFAAL O^f^i is that quality, which whenpronounced, the MAJOR PORTION of THE TONGUE, fromthe BACK, will NOT rise towards the palate
i
e.g. The ^ in eU.J^•
NOTE: 1. The LETTERS of ISTIFAAL are known asMUSTAFILAH ,
'.ly
2. Besides the LETTERS of MUSTA'LIYAH, theREST are the LETTERS of MUSTAFILAH,
7. ITBAAQ &\?H is that quality, which whenpronounced, the CENTER of the TONGUE, WILL MEET andEMBRACE the palate
e.g. The J? in j^\£&
NOTE: 1. There are four LETTERS of ITBAAQ, whichare li
2. The LETTERS of ITBAAQ are known asMUTBIQAH *Jf
3. The OPPOSITE of ITBAAQ is INFITAAH.
8. INFITAAH Z$¥i is that quality, which whenpronounced, the CENTER of the TONGUE, WILL NOT MEETand COVER the palate
e.g. The lJ in }<=>
NOTE: 1. The LETTERS of , INFITAAH are known asMUNFATIHAH '*'
'%
2. Besides the LETTERS of MUTBIQAH, the RESTare the LETTERS of MUNFATIHAH.
20
* • 1
9. IZHLAAQ l^y>\ is that quality, which whenpronounced, THE LETTERS, IN THEIR MAKHRAJ, arepronounced QUICKLY and SWIFTLY.
e.g. The f inj> q^
NOTE: 1. There are six LETTERS of IZHLAAQ which are
2. The LETTERS of IZHLAAQ are known asMUZHLIQAH >*$£
3. The OPPOSITE of IZHLAAQ is ISMAAT
10. ISMAAT oW>) is that quality, which whenpronounced, the LETTERS, IN THEIR MAKHRAJ, arepronounced SLOWLY AND FIRMLY.
e.g. The Jf in ®Q^
NOTE: 1. The LETTERS of ISMAAT are knownMUSMITAH ,*j£*
2. Besides the LETTERS of MUZHLIQAH, the RESTare the LETTERS of MUSMITAH.
21
B. THERE ARE SEVEN TYPES OF GHAIR MOTADHAADDAH
:
1 . QALQALAH ^XlS? 2 - SAFEER 'J&
3. TAFASHSHEE Q£ 4. TAKREER *&5. LEEN *U3 6. INHIRAAF ±&\7. ISTITALAT cJlt^l
1. QALQALAH idJtiS is that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE of the letter (WHEN IT HAS ASUKOON) will be pronounced WITH AN ECHOING SOUND.
e.g. The J in o$J» tiiil
NOTE: There are five LETTERS of QALQALAH, which are
2. SAFEER <Zr is that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE of the letter will bepronounced QUICKLY, WITH A SOUND LIKE THAT OF AWHISTLE
e.g. The w- in k \j£j £.£^NOTE: There are three LETTERS of SAFEER, which are
w w J
3. TAFASHSHEE ^T is that quality, which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter will FLOWTHROUGHOUT THE MOUTH
e.g. The J. in&jtf £^;
NOTE: This quality is found ONLY in the LETTER
22
4. TAKREKR J£^ is that quality which whenpronounced there will be a shiver on the tongue.
e.g. The J in >^> o^Jlf
IMPORTANT: Takreer is shown for this reason that aperson should refrain from it.NOTE: This quality is found only in the letter ^j
5. LEEN <lfi? is that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE of the letters is SO SOFT, thatif a person wants TO MAKE MADD ON THEM, it will bePOSSIBLE 3 c^
e.g. The J in c^ci^i and the iS in 0ca1^)Ij
NOTE: 1. This quality is found ONLY in the LETTERSof LEEN
2. 3 and <S will be the LETTERS of LEENonly when they have a sukoon and the letterbefore them has a zabar (fat 'ha).
e.g. The J in j\ and the l£ in £,\
6. INHIRAAF LZK^\ is that quality, which whenpronounced, the SOUND of the letter, RETURNS IN THEMAKHRAJ
e.g. The Makhraj of J when pronounced, RETURNSTOWARDS the Makhraj of LAAM and VICE-VERSA.NOTE: This quality is found ONLY in the LETTERS
J and J
7. ISTITAIAT cJlia^-'j, is that quality, which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter will REMAIN,
FROM THE BEGINNING of the MAKHRAJ, TILL THE END.
e.g. The Jf in $$$%$%$m
NOTE: This quality is found ONLY in the LETTER^23
Sufla
Makhrajof^Theteckedgeof^etowe ^^ fj> -^^ of^ tonguGf
upturned, touching ttegums of the Molars ?^SSg theedge of the Thanaya Suland Premolars. Sifaat. Back of tongue JSS^^ Thlna^ Ulya. Stfaat. Back ofshould rise towards P^ewhfle the centre ^^^^owaro^ the palate whilemil meet and embrace-it, and also sound of ™^™S, „-*^ ^ac* rf.
the letter will remain from beginning tffl end
of makhraj.
Makhraj of -b The tip of the tongue whentouching the edge of the Thanaya mya.
Sifaat. Back of tongue should rise towardsthe palate while the centre will meet andembrace it, and voice will flow in makhraj.
Makhraj of -*» The tip of the tongue whentouching the roots of the Thanaya LRya.
Sifaat. Back of tongue should rise towardsthe palate while the centre wi meet andembrace it.
Makhraj of j J" The tip of the tonguewhen touching the edge of the ThanayaSufla including the Thanaya Ulya.
Sifaat. Uoice of letter should be soft andwill flow in makhraj, and will be pronouncedsharply with a whistling sound.
Makhraj of O -> The tip of the tonguewhen touching the roots of the ThanayaUlya. Sifaat. Uoice of letter should be hareand will end off in makhraj.
Makhraj of v—5 The inner centre of the
bottom lip when touching the edge of the
Thanaya Ulya. Sifaat. Voice of letter should
be soft and will flow in the makhraj.
Makhraj of —> - The tip of the tonguewhen touching the edge of the Thanaya UKjSif aat. Uoice of letter should be soft andwill flow in makhraj.
Questions
I. What is the definition of Sifat?2. How many types of Sifaat are there?3. a. What does Zhaatiyah mean?b.Name the two types of Zhaatiyah.
4. Define Mutadhaaddah
.
5. Give only the ten names of Mutadhaaddah.6. a. What is the definition of Hams?b.Name the ten letters of Hams.
7. What does Rikhwat mean?8. What is the difference between Istie'lah and
Itbaaq?9. What does Ghair Mutadhaaddah mean?
10. Give only the seven names of GhairMutadhaaddah
.
11. Define Qalqalah.12, What are the letters of Inhiraaf?13 .a . Istitalat is found in which letter?
b . Define Istitalat?
AADAAB OF THE HOLY QURANIt should be known that true benefit canonly be derived from something when all
it's aadaab and etiquettes are carried outin full. The same applies to the Quran.Some of the etiquettes of the Quran areas follow^: '
1. To have wudhu2. Face the Qiblah3. Sit in a clean place4. Sit in a respectable posture5. Recite with humility
6. Correct the intention
7. Keep the pleasure of Allah in mind8. Concentrate during recital
9. Do not allow the mind to stray10. To apply Itr before recital
11. To make miswaak before recital
12. To wear good, clean clothes
TERMS TO KNOW
HAR'KAAT £# are three:
ZABAR 'J) FAT 'HA -
ZER /J' KASRAH -"»
PESH ^ DHAMAAH
A letter with a harkat is known as a MUTAHARRIEK
TANWEEN <J*~ are also three.
FAT'HATAIN J& D0 ZABARjjjfc ^_
KASRATAIN *gjg DO ZER <g£ ~JDHAMMATAIN jo£> DO PESH /%/) &
SUKOON <^jj^ JAZM fif _»_
A LETTER WITH A SUKOON IS KNOWN AS SAAKIN
TASHDEBD i'-UU -»
A LETTER WITH A TASHDEED IS KNOWN AS MJSHADDAD
Questions
1 . Name the three Harkats
.
2. How many tanween are there , name them?3. What is a Sakin and Mushaddad?
24
SIFAAT-E-AARIDHAH
1. The LETTERS OF MUSTAA'LIYAH '^-^ are seven
s *
NOTE: These letters in every condition will berecited with a FULL MOUTH (MUFAKH ' KHAM )
.
EXAMPLES OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTAA'LIYAHt
i. JLi C
3 . <-J>*> ^5
4
5 " #»'J,
6. -£p* J-7 ^li L
2. Besides the LETTERS OF MUSTAA'LIYAH, theremaining are the LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH
NOTE: These letters in every condition will berecited with an EMPTY MOUTH, (MURAQQAQ)
EXAMPLES OF SOME OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH:
1.
2 . 9, '
Mi ^ I
25
<ss
5
.
w6.
From the LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH, there are three
LETTERS J J | which are sometimes recited
MUFAKH'KHAM */* and sometimes recited
MURAQQAQ . ty
********************
Questions
l.How should the letters of Musta'liyah be read?2, How will the letters of Mustafilah be read?3. Which letters will sometimes be read Mufakh'khaior sometimes Muraqqaq?
26
THE RULES OF ALIF
1. If before AN ALIF there is a MUFAKH'KHAM LETTER,then that ALIF will also be recited with a FULLMOUTH
.
2. If before AN ALIF there is a MURAQQAQ LETTER,then that ALIF will also be recited with an EMPTYMOUTH
.
EXAMPLES OF THE SEVEN LETTERS OF MUSTA'LIYAHt
4. J&
5. Q 4± J,
6
.
j^e j
EXAMPLES OP SOME OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH:
1. *W ^2. ETC ajg -
3. i;jjii c4.
*^Hfc^L^ >V^w<>4•*
5. li*l£6. i£*v« t7. ':>&<
c*c ii
27
THE RULES OF BOTH THE LAAMS J IN THE NAMEOF ALLAH
1. If before the two J in ALLAH, there is a letter
with a ZABAR (FAT'HA), or a PESH (DHAMMAH), then
both the J will be recited MUFAKH-KHAM (FULLMOUTH)
2. If before the two J in ALLAH there is a ZER
(KASRA), then both the J will be recited
MURAQ-QAQ (EMPTY MOUTH).
EXAMPLES OF THE NAME OF ALLAH *J^\ , BEFORE IT ALETTER WITH At
A. ZABAR - FAT'HA A\jJsg jUJll &£?B. PESH - DHAMMAH >&\\j£\j %-&\ #\s'i),J
C. ZER - KASRA Jfil^P #Uljj
Questions
l.When will the alif be read Mufakh'kham?2. Give some examples of the alif when it will be
read Mufakh'kham?3. When will the two J in %&\ be read Mufakh'kharr
or Muraqqaq?4. How should these examples be read?
-i 'Is*' O -»'."-
3- >>a^ 4
- ^28
THE RULES OF RAA J
THE RAA J HAS THREE CONDITIONS:
A. RAA MUTAHARRIK: The RAA J will have any of thethree HARKATS
.
e.g. is; iij <fe
B. RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A MUTAHARRIK: The RAAwith a JAZM (SUKOON), the letter before it will havea HARKAT.
e.g. *5L-j^ *Lr'-?^ M̂ >-^C. RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A SAAKIN, BEFORE THAT AMUTAHARRIK: The RAA with a JAZM, the letter beforeit will have a JAZM, and before that the letter willhave a HARKAT
A. THE RULES OF RAA J MUTAHARRIEK.
1. If the RAA has a ZABAR or a PESH, the RAA willbe recited WITH A FULL MOUTH.2. If the RAA has a ZER, the RAA will be recitedWITH AN EMPTY MOUTH.
EXAMPLES OF RAA J ON IT A:
A. ZABAR - FAT 'HA 2jJ ££ij
B. PESH - DHAMMAH sjli/ iZ
C. ZER - KASRAH [f ;\ ''<A'
29
B. THE RULES OF RAA SAAKIN J BEFORE IT AMUTAHARRIEK.
1. If the MUTAHARRIEK before the RAA SAAKIN has aFAT 'HA or a DHAMMAH, the RAA will be recited WITH AFULL MOUTH.2. If the MUTAHARRIEK before the RAA SAAKIN has aKASRA, the RAA will be recited WITH AN EMPTY MOUTH
EXAMPLES OF A RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A LETTER WITH A:
A. ZABAR - FAT' HA ^Jj\ £^|
B. PESH - DHAMMAH ^gu £j£?y
C. ZER - KASRAH \'<-£\}>JlZ£ & ufc
NOTES There are THREE CONDITIONS for this RAA to berecited MURAQQAQ:
2.1. Before the RAA SAAKIN, the KASRAH should beASLI (ORIGINAL), AND NOT'ARDHI (TEMPORARY).Therefore, if the KASRAH is ARDHI (TEMPORARY) theRAA will be recited WITH A FULL MOUTH.
EXAMPLES OF KASRAH-E-ASLI l >J££=>^
EXAMPLES OF KASRAH-E-ARDHI x j^j\ &p\
2.2. Before the RAA SAAKIN the KASRAH will be in thesame word, and NOT in the PRECEDING wora
.
Therefore, if the KASRAH is in the PRECEDING word,then the RAA WILL NOT be recited MURAQQAQ, but willbe recited MUFAKH'KHAM.
EXAMPLES OF KASRAH BEING IN THE SAME WORD
fa* <&=*&*EXAMPLES OF KASRAH BEING IN THE PRECEDING WORD
30
2.3. After the RAA SAAKIN, none of the LETTERS OFMUSTA'LIYAH must be found in the same word. If thereis a LETTER OF MUSTA'LIYAH in the same word, the RAAWILL NOT be recited MURAQQAQ, but it will be recitedMUFAKH'KHAM.
EXAMPLES OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTA'LIYAH BEING IN THESAME WORD l
wr&A \XeANOTE : 1 These are the only examples in the
Quraan-e-Kareem
.
*-:K
2. In y-' ^ the raa can be recited both,muraqqaq and mufakh'kham. Those Qaris who took intoconsideration both the kasrahs on either side of theRaa, recited it Muraqqaq. And those Qaris who tookinto consideration that the letter of Istie'laappears after the Raa Saakin, recited itMufakh'kham.
31
C. THE RULES OF RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A SAAKIN,BEFORE THAT A MDTAHARRIK.
1- If the MUTAHARRIK has a FAT 'HA or a DHAMMAH,then the RAA will be recited MUFAKH'KHAM.2, If the MUTAHARRIK has a KASRAH, then the RAAwill be recited MURAQQAQ. THUS, THE RULE IS, that ifbefore the raa saakin, besides the yaa saakin, anyother letter with a saakin appears, and before itthe mutaharrik has a fat 'ha or a dhammah, then theraa will be recited mufakh'kham and if themutaharrik has a kasra, then the raa will be recitedmuraqqaq
.
e.g
.
FAT 'HA QjSi\j \j£&~ Ojp*$j
DHAMMAH v2i«KASRA •jQl^ %;V <kfri$
3. If before the RAA SAAKIN, there is a YAA SAAKINthen that RAA, UNDER EVERY CONDITION ( WHETHER THEMUTAHARRIK HAS A FAT'HA, DHAMMAH OR A KASRAH) willbe recited MURAQQAQ ONLY.
4. After RAA, there is only one (1) place in the
QURAAN, MJ^?** in Surah Hud in which IMAM HAFS
RAHMATULLAHI ALAIH makes IMAALAH *ol*J Because
of IMAALAH, this RAA will be recited MURAQQAQ.
32
*
THE RULES OF RAA MOSHADDAD. J
The rules of RAA MUSHADDAD is the SAME as that of
RAA MUTAHARRIK. If the RAA MUSHADDAD has a FAT 'HA
or a DHAMMAH, the RAA will be recited MUFAKH'KHAM.
And if the RAA MUSHADDAD has a KASRAH, the RAA will
be recited MURAQQAQ.
e.q. -i ' >lx'<.' **C*_i
Questions
l.Name the three conditions of Raa.2. a. What are the rules of Raa Mutaharriek?b.Give examples.
3. a. Explain the rules of Raa Saakin before it aMutaharriek.
b.Give examples.4. a. Mention the three conditions for the Raa
Saakin to be read Muraqqaq?b.And also write the examples in each condition?
5. Describe the rule of Raa Saakin, before it aSaakin, and before that a Mutaharriek?
6. How will the Raa in the word [AjJ^ be read?
^-— ^P^r i?^
33
THE RULES OF MEEM MUSHADDAD % ANDM>
r
NOON MUSHADDAD J
If there is a TASHDEED on a MEEMf
or a NOON j
then the MEEM and NOON will be recited with GHUNNAH
e.g. k gift S* '&# $g *& \$ p ag'p $NOTEi The duration of GHUNNAH is ONE ALIF.
THE RULES OF MEEM SAAKINf
1 . IDGHAAM
MEEM SAAKIN HAS THREE RULES <
2 . IKHFAA /AiiJ,
3. IZH-HAAR y&\
1. IDGHAAM f\J*S$\
If after MEEM SAAKINf
there appears a MEEM,
^
IDGHAAM with GHUNNAH will take place.
e a ' '- * A-'; ' s'YfM' "{'"-'Vmi ^ '* '-1
• ^
2. IKHFAA f^l
If after MEEM SAAKIN P there appears the letter
BAA \^> IKHFAA will take place,
NOTE: This IKHFAA is known as IKHFAA-E-SHAFAWIE
.
34
s »
3. IZH-HAAR jlpl
If after MEEM SAAKIN * besides the letters MEEM m
AND BAA ^ any other letter appears, IZH-HAAR
will take place,
NOTE: This IZH-HAAR is known as IZH-HAAft-E-SHAFAWIE
********•*•*+**•****
Questions
l.What is the duration of Ghunna?? 7T— r.r.ry rules has Keem Saakin got?.^ r,, nG Id^h^m and Ikf aa .
i. ww.. v,il. uh^oe wuias be read
1. cc^^Jn^j 2.@I^J|^l^|
35
4THE RULES OF NOON SAAKIN J AND TANWEEN —
-
NOON SAAKIN AND TANWEEN HAS FOUR RULES t
1. IZH-HAAR y&\2. IDGHAAM fy3. QALB
4. IKHFAA
y >.»
9
1. IZH-HAAR $&\
NOTE: The common meaning of IZH-HAAR is, topronounce the letters from their MAKHRAJ, CLEARLYAND DISTINCTLY, without any changes.
If after NOON SAAKIN J OR TANWEEN ^-^ any of the
six LETTERS OF HUFOOF-E-HALQI C t C £. ° f
appear, there will be IZH-HAAR, y&\
e.g. &_ -J £ j <J
*&%£ K£cJgS ^V# <^Z\ Z£&&{_
&*az$ ^*yc ^^ zg; ^c^c#1*23 .&L&* &i& »&£> &»'{_
This IZH-HAAR is known as IZH-HAAR-E-HALQI
.
36
7 S
2. IDGHAAM fO^jl
NOTE! The common meaning of IDGHAAM is to enter one
thing into another. *4 it
If after NOON SAAKIN J OR TANWEEN ' any of the
SIX LETTERS OF YARMALOON- £>'&£ appears,
then there will be IDGHAAM. In LAAM AND RAA, theIDGHAAM will be COMPLETE, which is known as IDGHAAM
» ' f
-E-TAAM ffly'l
e.g. I J £ J
In the remaining four letters j . j iS
>**.' the IDGHAAM will be INCOMPLETE,
which is known as IDGHAAM-E-NAAQIS J^Vfy
NOTE* IDGHAAM IN THIS INSTANCE WILL BE -WITH GHUNNAH
e.g. i- 7 f (1)
37
There will be no IDGHAAK in the following words:
^r'jJ1 ci-J^ vj'y-r V-
Since the NOON SAAKIN j and {J or J are in thesame word.
3. QALB ^tf
NOTE: The literal meaning of QALB is to change onething into another.
If after NOON SAAKIN l) OR TANWEEN '/* the
letter ^ appears, then that NOON SAAKIN OR
TANWEEN will change into a MEEM SAAKIN, and will be
recited WITH GHUNNAH
e.g. I J L
4. IKHFAA ,&£|
NOTE: The literal meaning of IKHFA is zc conceal.
If after NOON SAAKIN J OR TANWEEN —^— besiae;
the SIX LETTERS OF KUROOF-E-HALQI C [C t 6f
the SIX LETTERS OF YARKALOON &$&£ and THE LETTE
^T^ if any other letter appears , then the NOONSAAKIN OR TANWEEN will be recited with IKHFAA
38
e.g.JL f * ?
\
4^Vi^ ^JijULL 01S6B ^^'l^Ui^ 3
pjoia 4#u*r ^iJsss a?i ^fe j
•ja&i ty t$ &sx± i&s &{£ J*
$<&Xi 4&VK ti^tyS e^ft ^; t/»
JG3»-45^ ti^4^ cttTC^Cy ***** <-^(I^ <J^
39
Questions
l.Name the four rules of Noon Saakin and Tanween?2. Give the common and technical meaning of
Idghaam?3. What does Idghaame Naqis and Idghaame Taam mean4. Give some examples of words in which Idghaamwill be Naqis?
5. Why will there be no Idghaam in the followingwords?
1. u!>< 2 • Cili
3. u'j^r 4.cL^6. Describe the rule of Qalb with examples?7. When will Ikhfa take place?
AADAAB OF THE HOLY QURANIt should be known that true benefit canonly be derived from something when all
it's aadaab and etiquettes are carried out
in full. The same applies to the Quran.
Some of the etiquettes of the Quran are
as follows:
1. Not to tajk to anyone during recital
2. If speech is necessary, to recite a'uzu
when recommencing tilawat
3. Quran can either be recited loudly or
softly, according to the circumstances
4. Quran could either be recited looking
inside or by heart
5. Quran should be recited in a beautiful,
melodious voice
6. Recite the Quran in the tone of the
ArabsN.B. However the Laws of Tajweed must
be observed under all circumstances.
THE RULES OF MADD
The common meaning of MADD is to extend a thing from
it's original position*
The technical meaning of MADD is to prolong the
letters of MADD OR LEEN
There are TWO types of MADD
A. MADD-E-ASLI #f\£y
B. MADD-E-FAR'IE *i£tZ
A. MADD-E-ASLI #T£
That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, there is
no HAMZAH P or SUKOON *
NOTE: l.The LETTERS OF MADD-E-ASLI (jfe are THREE:
a. An ALIF | before it a letter with a FAT 'HA
b. A WAOW 3 before it a letter with a DHAMMAH
c. A YAA l> before it a letter with a KASRA.
e.g.
2. The duration of MADD-E-ASLI is ONE ALIF. Itis NOT permissible to prolong the MADD-E-ASLI MOREthan ONE ALIF, nor is it correct to make this MADDLESS than ONE ALIF. To do so is HARAAM (because byprolonging more than an ALIF is adding a letter tothe QUR'AAN, and by making it less than an ALIF isreducing a letter from the QUR'AAN)
40
B. MADD-E-FAR'IE ^That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, there is
a HAMZAH £ OR SUKOON 9
There are FOUR types of MADD-E-FAR'IB*
a. MADD-E-MUTTASIL 0^b. MADD-E-MUNFASIL OvtC. MADD-E-AARIDH WAQFI *$$ty'
•if *vd. MADD-E-LAAZIM #j|/>
A. MADD-E-MDTTASIL J^>
That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, theHAMZAH appears in the SAME WORD
e.g
:& '5 *̂
NOTE* The duration of MAD-E-MUTTASIL is 2-2 1/2 or
4 ALIFS - which is known as TAWASSUT J»Py
41
B. MADD-E-MUNFASIL J^>'That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, theHAMZAH appears at the BEGINNING OF THE SECOND WORD
e.g. — ' —
s$&*# *$\<S*V.> uftUttZ ^NOTE: The duration of MADD-E-MUNFASIL is [according
to IMAAM SHATBIE '^ (^\ ] 2-2 1/2 OR 4 ALIFS
which is known as TAWASSUT
C. MADD-E-AARIDH WAQFI '$&$That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, theHARKAT of the LAST LETTER of the word will beCHANGED into a SUKOON » which is TEMPORARYdue to stopping,
e.g. f_ -j y_
WQy.^ vdUi- &&**&> I
^&£° .-^W u*;&$$ 3
42
HOTKi 1 . The duration of MADD-E-AARIDH WAQFI is TOOL
Jf TAWASSUT jjy AND QASR JS
2. TOOL will get preference, then TAWASSUT,thereafter QASR
3. The duration of TOOL is 3 or 5 ALIFS,TAWASSUT is 2 or 3 ALIFS, QASR is 1 ALIF
NOTE* 1. In MADD-E-LEEN AARIDH, there will be QASRTHEN TAWASSUT THEN TOOL
2 . The duration in .MADD-E-LEEN AARIDH of QASRis 1 HARKAT (HALF AN ALIF), TAWASSUT is 1
OR 1 1/2 ALIFS and TOOL is 2-2 1/2 OR 3
ALIFS.
Examples of MADD-E-LEEN AARIDH i
is*; *>*&& W&& J»» >*
s
D. MADD-E-LAAZIM
t&ai s«^ji; >&3ij&\ (j
That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, the
SUKOON is ORIGINAL '(jfl
NOTE: SUKOON-E-ASLI is that SUKOON which remains in
the word, whether stopping or not.
43
There are FOUR types of MADD-E-LAAZIM fitiX
a. KILMI MUTHAQQAL J**&'• :>,v
b. KILMI MUKHAFFAF ^</T
c. HARFI MUTHAQQAL J^J-^
d. HARFI MUKHAAFAF ^ftS
A. KILMI MUTHAQQAL 'j&$
That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, there is
a TASHDEED, and BOTH, the LETTER OF MADD ANDTASHDEED are in ONE WORD
B. KILMI MUKHAFFAF /£r'//
That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, there isa SUKOON, and BOTH, the LETTER OF MADD AND SUKOONare in ONE WORD
e.g. $TNOTE: This is the ONLY example in the QUR'AAN ofKILMI MUKHAFFAF.
44
»:•*C. HARFI MUTHAQQAL ^pj>That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, thereis a TASHDEED, and BOTH, the LETTER OF MADD ANDTASHDEED are found inthe LETTERS OF MUQATTA'AAT ^y^
D. HARFI MUKHAFFAF i*JjS
That MADD which, after the LETTERS OF MADD, thereis a SUKOON, and BOTH, the LETTER OF MADD ANDSUKOON are found inthe LETTERS OF MUQATTA'AAT ^UhZ*
NOTE: 1. In all FOUR types of MADD-E-LAAZIM there
will ONLY be TOOL JJ?9
2. The duration of TOOL Qj? is 3 or 5 ALIFS.
E. LEEN-E-LAAZIM \jvyj
If after the LETTERS OF LEEN, a SUKOON-E-ASLI
'd&P appears, then that LETTER OF LEEN willbe known as LEEN-E-LAAZIMEXAMPLEi The £ in g^S^T «nd Po^In LEEN-E-LAAZIM, there will be TOOL Qp
TAWASSUT J^y and QASR JZ TOOL will get
preference, then, TAWASSUT and QASR is very weak.
45
Questions
l.What is the common and technical meaning of
Madd?2. How many types of Madd are there?3. When will the letters
. | j {J be letters of
Madd?4. What is the duration of Madde Asli?5. What is Madde Far'ie?6. Name the four types of Madde Far'ie?7. a. Define Madde Muttasil and Madde Munfasil?b.Give examples of both Madds?c.What are the durations of these Madds?
8. a. What is Madde Aaridh Waqfi?b.Give some examples of Madde Aaridh Waqfi?c.What is the duration of this Madd?
9. Name the four types of Madde Laazim?10. Define Kilmi Muthaqqal and Harfi Mukhaffaf?11. Give some examples of Kilmi Mukhaffaf and
Harfi Muthaqqal?12. What is the duration in all four types of
Madde Laazim?13. What is Leene Laazim?
THE RULE'S OF WAQF (STOPPING)
The common meaning of waqf is to stop.
The technical meaning is .to stop on such a completeword which is separate from the word after it,pausing so long as is sufficient to take in a newbreath, and to have the intention of readingforward.
There are three types of waqf
.
1
.
Waqf in which the condition of the LAST LETTER isconsidered.
2. Waqf in which the PLACE of stopping is
considered.
3. Waqf in which the CONDITION of the Qari is
considered.
There are three types of i^jcJ^/
1. Waqf bil iskaan 0^i^J
2. Waqf bil Ishmaam flr-Z^iJl^J
' -
3. Waqf bil Raum (JJ$**»
46
1. Waqf bil Iakaan is to make waqf on the last
letter of the word making it a saakin in such a way
that the harkat is not read nor is there an
indication by the lips towards the harkat- This waqf
is possible on all three harkat 's (zabar, zer,
pesh). Whether the harkat is Asli (original) or
Ardhi (temporary), whether the word has a tanween or
not, and this waqf is possible on the round Taa g
e.g. of Harkate Asli
©jUl£ $L o^0. <£.
' .-,^, :.\<'u"s , ';i'Jli '-Al'n'21o-a^&J^ &-#&$$ o^Jl^l^S <£0lS&i>*
eg. of Harkate Aardhi
V? <4j&w*
*?«' >W££
osj; &&&',
2. Waqf bil Iehmaam is to make waqf on the lastletter of the word (in such a way as to) indicate bythe lips to the harkat that is on it. This waqf ispossible on a Dhamma-e-Asli and not on a AardhiDhanuna . It is possible on a word whether it has atanween or not. This waqf is not possible on around Taa 5
47
eg.of Dhamma-e-Asli \*->j^l\ '$&'***
of Dhamma-e-Aardhi J^sJlJXiU
of Tanween ©^^BtC^of a Round Taa *\!.'.., ",*,
3. Waqf bil Raum is to make waqf on the last letterof the word, reading the harkat so softly that onlythose who are near are able to listen to it. Thiswaqf is possible on a Dhammah and Kasra, and ispossible on a harkate Asli and not a harkate Aardhi
of Harkat-e-Asli o^i^?! 0o$^*yV*oX?
of Harkat-e-Aardhi
In the same way this waqf is not possible on a roundTaa g
eg ©^IflLlftits oSofcjlCi
This waqf is possible on a word whether it has a
tanween or not
eg
.
48
There are four types of i^J/Y
1. Waqfe Taam ({jlL&j
2. Waqfe Kafi 7jlTulA>/
3. Waqfe Hasan &J*LlJ*j4. Waqfe Qabeeh f*itjj})
1. Waqfe Taam is to make waqf on such a place wherethe sentence is complete and there is no connectionin the meaning of the word of this sentence and theone's preceding or proceeding it
2. Waqfe Kafi is to make waqf on such a place wherethe sentence is complete l but there is a connectionof only the meaning and not the word of the sentencepreceding or proceeding it
eg. .rj y>**v^^-?i^ ^cW^KS^*
3. Waqfe Hasan is to make waqf in such a place wherethe sentence is complete, but there is a connectionin both the meaning and word of this sentence andthe one's preceding or proceeding it,
eg. To stop on
cecils \
:$^%'Ju\\:>L\ll\')
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4. Waqfe Qabeeh is to make waqf on such a placewhere the sentence is incomplete and there is everytype of connection with that which is preceding orfollowing it and also the meaning is distorted.
eg* To stop on
In Waqfe Taam and Kaf i the reading will be initiatedafter stopping on the sentence, it will not benecessary to repeat.If Waqfe Hasan is made on a ayat than the readingwill be initiated after the ayat otherwise it willbe necessary to repeat*
In Waqfe Qabeeh it will always be necessary torepeat
.
There are four types of 8U&Ofr sl*l 2J>f
1. Waqfe Ikhtiyari fc^fl^J2. Waqfe Ikhtibari (fjC^i^Afj
3. Waqfe Idhtirari j(jfy2\£jij
4. Waqfe Intizhari (fj&fXtLpj
1. Waqfe Ikhtiyari is a voluntary stop which isgenerally made to take in a new breath.
2. Waqfe Ikhtibari is an informative stop which ismade with the intention of explaining how a stop ismade on the last letter of a word*
3. Waqfe Idhtirari is an involuntary stop which iscaused by an unplanned break in the breath, eg. bya cough, shortness of breath or forgetting etc.
4. Waqfe Intizhari is to stop on a particular placerepeatedly to complete the various Qiraat.
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SAKTAH
Saktah is to keep the breath intact, and to halt thevoice temporally- The rules that apply to waqf(stopping) will be applied to Saktah as well.
There are four places in the Quraan where Saktah is
Wajib.
1. In Surah Kahaf on K3<bt>->£
2. In Surah Yaseen on \X*&&<jSj*i*r2
3. In Surah Qiyamah on q&j^^C&s
4. In Surah Motaf-fefeen on 6!^c&$
********************
51
MISCELLANEA
1. There are some words in the Quraan in which thealif is written, but read only when stopping on them
eg.
a. When stopping on the word VI \
^
it is
permissible both to read the alif and also to omitit.
b. The word ©br^y appears twice in Surah Dahr. The
rule here is that if stopping on the first one thenthe alif will read, but in the second the alif willnot be read at all, whether stopping or not,
2. There is one place in the Quraan in which Imalah
is made i.e. ^4>jJ>Z in Surah Hood.
3. In Surah Hameen Sajdah there is one place inwhich it is necessary to make Tas'heel in the second
Hamzah i.e. CfJjPM
Tas'heel means to read the Hamzah with a soft tone.
4. In these four words Idghaam will be Naqis( in-complete
)
£fc3U ^oJ
iiJ»"3& »ili»-\tX£i
52
That means that the makhraj of J? will be
incorporated into the O but not the sifaat of
Istiela and Itbaaq, hence the J* will be read with
tafkheem, but without Qalqalah.
5. In Surah Yusuf the word &D*i) has to be readwith Ishmaam or Raum. When making Ishmaam, Idghaamhas to be made, and when making Raum Izh'haar has tobe made.
Ishmaam means to indicate by the lips towards theDhamma
.
Raum means to read one third of a harkat
6, There are four words in the Quraan which are
written with a ^ and on this there is a small •-
In the first two i.e.
a - &£>uj in Surah Baqarah and
b - %$&} in Surah A'raf >j" will be read,
and in the third place
c- CuVJ^^X {Jt>J\ in Surah Toor either a J* or
a j? could be read,
and in the fourth place
d' -*^£^ in Surah Ghashiyah ^f must be read.
*****************
53
***
Questions
l.What is the common and technical meaning ofWaqf?
2. How many types of Waqf are there?3. Give a detail explanation, with examples of
a. Waqf bil Iskaanb.Waqf bil Ishmaamc.Waqf bir Raum
4. Explain the terms a. Waqf e Taamb.Waqfe Qabeeh
5. Show the four places in which Saktah is wajib?6. In which word is there Imalah?7.Which word in Surah Hameem Sajda is it necessary
to make Tas'heel in?8. How should the word 0£\j<j in Surah Yusuf be
read?
EARNEST APPEAL
An earnest appeal is made to the reader to pleaseinform the publishers if any errors or shortcomingsare discerned in this publication; for improvingfurther editions of this publication. Your co-operation will be appreciated. Jazakallah.
PUBLICATION NO B 22SECOND EDITION
TAJWBBD FOR BEGINNERSPUBLISHED AND PRINTED BYMADRASAH ARABIA ISLAMIA
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54
