Taiwan Watch Magazine V7N2

8/7/2019 Taiwan Watch Magazine V7N2

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Vol.7, No.2, Spring, 2005Taiwan Watch

! 2005

605

-

◎ 605



1Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005

2005



Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20052

2005

( World Watch )

George & HerLin 2005.06.08

146 ESI 32.7

30 38

73 75 79 101 114 122 126 127 131

133

69.4 25

17.5 14 6 24.9 14 4

24.4 124

ESI




2005

E S I04

09

14

24

28

36

49

07

12 35

52 911

48

Taiwan Watch2 0 0 5

Contents

01 - 02

51

62

54 57

58

59 RDF

60




2005

2005 (ESI )

146

2001

(ESI) 58

2002 119 2005

2

( )

ESI

2005

76




2005

40%

70%

BOO

2 0 0 3

( )

( )

RD F RD F

RDF




2005

◎

Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health

Frederica P. Perera 60

Polycyclic Aromatic

hydrocarbons; PAH

48

DNA

4.7

7.2

Perere

◎ 2 15




2005

©

ESI( ) 32.7 145

ESI ESI

17.5 146

0.18 59

-0.05 87

-2.31 145

-1.57 144

-0.91 129

24.9 144

-2.49 146

0.45 24

1.02 24

-0.43 126

-2.16 145

-0.46 122

24.4 124

0.51 54

0.59 50

-3.19 146

69.4 25

0.39 37

-0.56 124

0.66 21

1.54 9

41.5 95

-0.3 99

-0.07 76

-0.28 99




2005

2005 Environmental

Sustainability Index, ESI

146

32.7

Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy

Center for International Earth Science Informa-

tion Network, CIESIN

ESI

2002

2005 ESI

ESI

component 21

indicator 76 variable ESI

76 9 7

124

95 25

59 87

145 144 129

10 0.10 0 100

11

29.18

10

H u m a n I m p a c t

I n d e x 5 8

wilderness 9

9

9

5 8 9

10 36

11

Wo r l d R o a d s , Wo r l d

Railroads CIESIN GPW3 Population

Density Data




2005

E S I

ESI

7 6

compact city ( )

( )

6




2005

1

2

3

©©




2005

Albertville 1992

Grignon 1,800 78

80 24 20

30 Helene Lastera

15

13,000 4

ACALP Frederique Sanchez

186 Marseille

Lastera

2006

◎

5 17




2005

1997

4.67

2.34 2

ESI 76

New Environmental Paradigm, NEP

◎




2005

1 ESI

2005 (Wor ld Economic Forum, WEF) (Environmental Sustainability Index, ESI) 146 145

(Environmental Systems)

(Reducing Stresses) (Reducing Human Vulnerability) (Social

and Institutional Capacity) (Global Stewardship) ( ESI

) (Components) 21 (indicators)

76 (variables) 5 (

) 17 21 ESI

1

©




2005

2005 ESI ESI

1. ESI

2 .

3 .

Z (Z-score) 4.

76 9 7 7

1990-2000

2005 ESI 21

32.7 29.217.5

(146 )

24.9 144

E S I

2005 ESI

(Nitrogen dioxide, NO2)

2005 ESI 146

(Mean) 39.22 µg/m3 (Median)

36.56 µg/m3 35.67 µg/m3

1994 ~2004

2 1994

24ppb 2003 18.7ppb

10

1995 3 23

2001 12 26

2004

20ppb

( )

(

3)

2002

2




2005

2001 2002

(Sulfur dioxide, SO2)

2005 ESI 146

19.35 µg/m3 9.32 µg/m3

10.45 µg/m3

1994 ~2004 4 1994

8.1ppb 2003 3.3ppb

( 2) ( 4)

2004

2 0 0 0

~2003

10

( 5)

3 2000~2002

4




2005

(

)

(Total suspended particles, TSP)

50 ∼ 100

(

)

2005 ESI 146 80.76 µg/m3 42.92

µg/m3 104.21 µg/m3

( S u s p e n d e d

particles Particulate matter, PM10)

10 (µm)

1994

~2004 6

1 9 9 4

72µg/m3 1999 58µg/m3 2000

60µg/m3 2002 54.3µg/m3

2004 62.1µg/m3

5 2000~2002

6 PM 10




2005

( )

( 7)

( )

ESI

2005 ESI 146

(Mean)

45.17% (Median) 40%

4.18%

(WHO)

(VOCs)

(Radon) (Bioaerosols)

(Respirable Particulates) (CO2

CO )

50

28

11

S i c k B u i l d i n g

Syndrome, SBS

7 2000~2002




2005

A S H R A E

Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,

ASHRAE Standard 62-89

1,000ppm

ESI

(NO2) (SO2)

(TSP)

(PM10)

(CO) (O3)

(Pollutant Standards

Index, PSI) 100 (2 4

) 100

PSI>100

( 8)

2004

8 PSI>100




2005

2005 ESI

5

( N O x )

(SO2)

(VOCs)

2005 ESI 14 6

(Mean) 2.43

(Median) 0.00

26.95

( 9) 1984 10,350.4 2003

54,891.2 430%

8.27%

2005 ESI 146

(NOx)3.32 0.56 14.77

NOx 1987 473,388.9

1994 609,819.8

2000 498,825.7 (

10)

9

10 (NOx)




2005

2005 ESI 146

(SO2)

56.18 0.64 6.29

11

(TEDS5.1)

SOx 1987 425,988.0

1989 460,755.6

2000 227,776.1

( 11)

2005 ESI 146

(VOCs)

5.00 1.65

25.68

(TEDS5.1)

(NMHC)

1987 898,497.4 1994

1,146,718.1

2000 913,384.0 ( 12)

ESI

2005 ESI 146

86.22

8.49 161.78

4

11 (SO x)

12 (NMHC)




2005

( 13)

1993 7,867,396

2003 12,366,864 57.2%

449,947

1993 3,989,128

2003 6,133,794

53.8% 214,467

ESI

146145 (

12 4 )

2005 ESI

ESI

( )

ESI

2005 ESI

( N O x )

(SO2)

(VOCs)

ESI 146

13




2005

8.27% ESI

(NOx) (SO2)

(VOCs) 146 2 11 2

146 4

449,947 214,467

◎

1. h t t p : / / w w w . e p a . g o v . t w / b / b 0 1 0 0 . a s p ?

Ct_Code=04X0000145X0000207&L=1

2. 2004

3. http://www.motc.gov.tw/motor/200504_c4050.csv4.

1998

5. 2002

6. 2002

7. 2003

8.

1999

9. 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index, World Economic Forum, 2005.

10. Guidance Notes for the Management of Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Public Places, The Governmentof the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Indoor Air Quality Management Group, 2003.




2005

2005E S I E n v i r o n m e n t a l

Sustainability Index 146

Daniel Esty

2,500 2.6

2000




2005

80

60

1,030

117

( 1 )

1,030

40

157 /

1 1996

176.36

176.36

157

/

3.2

1

(mm/ ) (M3/ / )

2510 4348

1820 6060

1120 6600

890 9720

830 3650

800 3400

790 34400

760 7810

700 38400

660 9470

730 28300




2005

1996

1 (1996 )




2005

◎




2005

2004

5 6

6 7

9




2005

2005 ESI ) 146

ESI 21 146

126

1997

2004

11,047,501

1,354,372




2005

1942 1982

401,410,000 pg-TEQ/g 1,410

9,550ppm 477.5

1998 2001 175

2005 3 17 63

43

#27 #28 #29

/ /

4.67 14.6 1998

673,903 2001

2.55 20.12 2,244,961

( / )

119/140 41/101 46/80

6

45

1998

1.25% 2003

14.26%

66




2005

1998

©




2005

A B C D E R

D 92

340.3 70%

TCLP standard

91




2005

…

225

50 100 /

D

1 83 24.4%

2 63 18.5%

3 38 11.2%

4 32 9.4%

5 22 6.5%




2005

( )




2005

ESI

126

Millennium Ecosystem Assesstment

21

ES I

ESI

ESI

◎

IPEN International POPs Elimina-

tion Network

18 200

WHO Axys Varilab

HCB

4

22

5 2 ~6

•Barangay Aguado

9.68 pg/g

3.2 pg/g

3 pg/g 2 pg/g

Lucknow

5.5

Kerala Eloor

DD T DD T

3-4

7

◎ IPEN




2005

2004

Dar fu r

2004

Wangari Maathai

Olc Danbolt Mjoes

Espen Barth

Eide

2004

2004 2 9 Fortune

Peter Schwartz Doug Randall

1 6

High-Level

Gregory D. Foster




2005

Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change

2004

Kofi Annan 2003 11

2004 1 9

David King

David King

American Association for the Advancement of

Science

Hans

Blix BBC David Frost

Amit Dave/REUTERS

( Gujarat ) Natwarghad

2003

6




2005

10

Sir David King

A l G o r e

The New Repub l i c

Gregg Easterbrook

….

UNEP

Division of Early Warning

and AssessmentUnders tand ing

Environment, Conflict, and Cooperation

1990

Weatherstock/Peter Arnold, Inc.

2004 5




2005

1997

United Nations & Global Security Initiative Woodrow Wil-

son Center

2003 9

s o f t

t h rea t s

2004 2




2005

Schwartz-Randall

30

A n d r e w W.

Marshall

Marshall

Schwartz-Randall

Schwartz-Randall




2005

Stringer/REUTERS © 2003




2005

• 2002 34

• George Tenet 2004 2

•- H a r t - R u d m a n

Commission 911

2 1

1999 9

25




2005

• National Intelligence Council 2000

12 911

2 0 1 5Global Trends 2015

2015

Chicago Council on Foreign

Relations

2004 Global Views

2004

7

37%

7 5 %

66 %

64 % 58%

2004 2

G. Griffiths-Christian Aid/Peter Arnold, Inc.

(Tana River valley) 1998 1




2005

1968

19,114

23,961 62,502

243,577

37

1990

207,000

23,000

1990

6,600

15 (Chandigarth) 2004 8

Aiay Verma/REUTERS © 2004




2005

encroachment

General

Accounting Office

James Inhofe

Inhofe

……




2005

crisis

prevention

targeted causation management

institutionalized anticipatory response

M a n h a t t a n

Project

appropriate situational tailoring

comprehensive operational integration




2005

military effective strategically

effective

Gayanashagowa the Great Law of Peace of the Six Nations Iroquois

Confederacy

2 0

◎ Gregory D. Foster◎ 18 1




2005

1990 160.4

2002 352.8

※

1983 8,705

1993 24,181

2003 54,891

※

1993 5,050

2003 8,669

※

1990 6.77

2000 7.25

※

1990 279 /

2000 478 /

※

1992 0.35

2003 0.47

※

1987 70.87%

2003 59.44%

※

1987 26,645

2003 4,304,573




2005

( ) 1972

2002

(Green Cities) (Urban Environmental Accords)

2030

2040

1800

1990

2030




2005

1990

21

(International Council for

Local Environmental Initiatives) 1993 (Cities for Climate Protec-

tion Programme) 675

◎




2005

(Destructor) 131

1999

(dirty technology)

1,40 0

2 0 0 3 Takasago 1,300

Chennai

Furans

235 400




2005

9 1 12001 9 11

David Travis 911 911 911

911 1℃Global Dimming

BBC Horizon 1

Gerry Stanhill 1980

1950 22%

1950 1990 9%

10% 30% 16% Gerry Global Dimming

Veerabhadran Ramanathan

Leon Rotstayn

1984

◎




2005

David Travis 911

1℃30

2003

2100

5℃

Peter Cox

Cox

2030

2℃

7-8 2040

4℃

Cox

2100 10 ℃

10℃m e t h a n e

hydrates

8

4 0

◎ BBC Horizon Global Dimming.

©

2005



Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20055 4

2005

Carl Sagan1980

75%

ESI146

13 30




2005

2004




2005

NH K

2000 (Millennium Development Goals ) 2015 US$1

95 1,360 4 2,400Millennium Ecosystem Assesstment

2150

50

◎




2005

88 8 12

86

14%

88

197

8 8

868 12

◎

?




2005

RDF

RDF

RDF

PVC

RDF

RDF

RDF

RDF RDFRDF

RDF

RDF

◎

RDF




2005

()

©




2005

5 26 27

1 9 8 6

( )

1

(

)

2

◎




2005

(chitin) (photonic crystal)

-

─

NanoScience2

1. (chitosan)

R 1= R 2= =

NH 2 H Chi tosan

NHAc H c h i t i n

NH 2 or NHAc H DAC, PACNH 2, NHAc or NHMe, NHPr, NHBu H N-alkylated DAC

NH 2 or NHAc CH 2CH 2OH O-2-HE-DAC

NH 2, NHAc or NHCH 2COOH H N-CM-DAC

NH 2, NHAc or NHSO 3H H or SO 3H N,O-sulfated DAC

◎




2005

(basking)1

1. 2.

3. 4.

30

1. 700nm

2.

10

3

11

6,7

9

13,14,15

1

1.53

(specific resistance)

(partially showed ionic conductivity) 9

(Parides sesostris)

(chiral)

2 (a) (b) (c)(d) 6

(Teinopalpus imperialis) 3

Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅳ7 2 3

7

1

7

1 0.1

(

4)




2005

2. (Parides sesostris)

(periods) 267nm 325nm 212nm (angles)

α=84 β=79 γ=64

(a) (b) (c) (d)

7 6

3. (Teinopalpus imperialis)

I II IIIIV 7

4.5




2005

5

4

( 350-400nm)

(>1µm)

12

11

lycaenid

4,8

1.3-

1.5

8

─(Yablonovitch)

1980

5

─




2005

13,14,15

◎

1. “

”, Taiwan Watch.Vol 5, No.3, 59-63 (2003)

2. NanoScience “ ”

3. “

”, 23 6 (2001)

4. John C.H.Chen “ ”,

Sciscape Feb 11 ( 2003)

5. , “ ” ,

6. Leon Poladian, MaryanneLarge and Whayne Padden

“Is the photonic crystal in the butterflies T. imperialisand P. sesostris optimal ”, Optical Society of America

(2004)

7. A.Argyros, S.Manos, M.C.J. Large, D.R. Mckenzie , G.

C.Cox , D.M. Dwarte “Electron tomography and com-

p u t e r v i s u a l i z a t i o n o f a t h r e e -

dimensional‘photonic’crystal in a butterfly wing-

scale”, Micron 33 ,483-487 (2002)

8. L. P. Biro, Z. Balint, K. Kertesz, Z. Vertesy, G..I. Mark, Z.

E.Horvath, J. Balazs, D. Mehn, I. Kiricsi, V. Lousse, J.P.

Vigneron “Role of photonic-crystal-type structuresin the thermal regulation of a lycaenid butterfly sister

species pair”,Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys

67(2 pt1) 021907(2003)

9. Kenji Suzuki ,Hiroyuki Saimoto, Yoshihiro Shigemasa

“Electric resistance of chitosan derivatives”, Carbohy-

drate Polymer 39, 145-150(1999)

10. Darrell J. Kemp “Shedding new light on natures

brightest signal”, TRENDS in Ecology&Evolution 17

(7) ,298-230(2002)

11. Andrew R. Parker “Natural Photonic Engineers”,

Elsevier Science ISSN:1369 7021 , 26-31(2002)

12. Angela L.Campbell Rajesh R Naik Laura Sowards

Mowley O Stone “Biological infrared imaging and

sensing”, Micron 33, 211-259(2002)

13. ( , ) “ -

”, (1996)

14. , (1996)

15. , (2001)

1. 6

7

7

1 0.1

(nm) (nm)

(0 1 0) Red 670 (640) 60 (45) 0.09 (0.07)

(1 1 0) Green 555 (530) 5 (15) 0.01 (0.03)

(1 0 0) Green 550 (525) 55 (45) 0.10 (0.09)

(0 0 1) Blue 485 (455) 45 (35) 0.09 (0.08)

(0 1 1) Violet 425 (395) 25 (10) 0.06 (0.03)

(1 1 1) Violet 420 (390) 45 (35) 0.11 (0.09)

(1 0 1) Ultraviolet 400 (365) 20 (10) 0.05 (0.03)



GAIA 2003

-- • 1893

--

-- •2000

--2001

GAIA /2003

116 148 2

Tel: 02-29383406

Fax: 02-29383402



B001B001B001B001B001

B002B002B002B002B002

….

B003B003B003B003B003

B 0 0 4B 0 0 4B 0 0 4B 0 0 4B 0 0 4

…

B005B005B005B005B005

─

B 0 0 6B 0 0 6B 0 0 6B 0 0 6B 0 0 6

◎◎◎◎◎ 1 5 01 5 01 5 01 5 01 5 0 66666 88888

21

◎

◎ 6

◎

◎

◎

◎



B009B009B009B009B009

B 0 1 0B 0 1 0B 0 1 0B 0 1 0B 0 1 0

B 0 1 1B 0 1 1B 0 1 1B 0 1 1B 0 1 1

B 0 1 2B 0 1 2B 0 1 2B 0 1 2B 0 1 2

B 0 1 3B 0 1 3B 0 1 3B 0 1 3B 0 1 3

19247841

005-001-122594 ()

B 0 0 7B 0 0 7B 0 0 7B 0 0 7B 0 0 7

….

B 0 0 8B 0 0 8B 0 0 8B 0 0 8B 0 0 8

B 0 1 4B 0 1 4B 0 1 4B 0 1 4B 0 1 4

B 0 1 5B 0 1 5B 0 1 5B 0 1 5B 0 1 5



2001

20012001200120012001 350350350350350◎ 24◎

◎ 60

◎ 100

1 9 2 4 7 8 4 11 9 2 4 7 8 4 11 9 2 4 7 8 4 11 9 2 4 7 8 4 11 9 2 4 7 8 4 1

0 0 5 - 0 0 1 - 1 2 2 5 9 4 (0 0 5 - 0 0 1 - 1 2 2 5 9 4 (0 0 5 - 0 0 1 - 1 2 2 5 9 4 (0 0 5 - 0 0 1 - 1 2 2 5 9 4 (0 0 5 - 0 0 1 - 1 2 2 5 9 4 ( )))))

Global environment reaches dangerous crossroads

4 2 %4 2 %4 2 %4 2 %4 2 % 2 7 %2 7 %2 7 %2 7 %2 7 %1 21 21 21 21 2

1 21 21 21 21 26 0 %6 0 %6 0 %6 0 %6 0 %

2 0 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 0

.... ... ... .... .



V1N1 1999 -V1N2 1999 V1N3 1999 V1N4 1999 V2N1 2000 V2N2 2000 2000V2N3 2000 V2N4 2000 V3N1 2001

V3N2 2001 V3N3 2001 V3N4 2001 2001V4N1 2002 V4N2 2002 V4N3 2002 V4N4 2002 V5N1 2003 V5N2 2003

V5N3 2003 V5N4 2003 V6N1 2004 V6N2 2004 V 6N 3 2004 V 6N 4 2004 V 7N 1 2005 V7N2 2005 ESI

...

...............

(

)

1.

150

300

500

2.

150

8

3.

E001

before 2000

250

E002 2001

350

E003 2001

300

E004 2002

400

4.

2000

8

3

148

2

TEL

02-29383406

Fax

02-29383402

http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw em

ail : [email protected]

(□

□

)

□

(V)

(N)

□

(B001~B015)/

(E001~E004)

□B001

□B002

□B003

□B004

□B005

□B006

□B007

□B008

□B009

□B010

□B011

□B012

□B013

□B014

□B015

□E001

before 2000 □E002 2001

□E003 2001

□E004 2002

NT$

□

□

□

/

□ □



2005 Taiwan Watch Vol.7 No.2,Summer, 2005

19247841

http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw/

E-mail [email protected]

116 3 148 2 (02) 2938-3406

(02) 2938-3402

2, 5, 8, 11

◎

1 9 2 4 7 8 4 1

(

)

□□□□□

◎

1 9 2 4 7 8 4 1

(

)

□□□□□

◎◎

Taiwan Watch Magazine V7N2

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Transcript of Taiwan Watch Magazine V7N2