Taiga telomeres
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Transcript of Taiga telomeres
TELOMERES AND THE
EFFECTS OF LENGTHENING
Amanda Schorr
(Taiga)
WHAT IS A TELOMERE? Sequence of repeating nucleotides
“TTAGGG” 3’ ends of DNA
Protection during replication Shorten over time Created by telomerase reverse
transcriptase (TERT)
http://www.rechargebiomedical.com/blog/aging/telomeres-and-telomerase/
TELOMERASE Telomerase is capable of:
Extending lifespan of a cellSlowing the process of agingExtending the Hayflick limit
Hayflick limit: the number of timesa normal human cell population willdivide until cell division stops
http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v1/n1/fig_tab/nrm1000_072a_F1.html
TELOMERES AND AGING Telomere
shortening has been linked to aging process.Sign of agingContribute to
aging Telomeres alone
do not determine lifespan and aging.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/telomeres/
TELOMERES AND CANCER Cancerous cells produce more
telomerase to prevent cell death. Telomerase could be used as an
additional diagnostic marker for cancer. Inhibiting telomerase in cancer cells can
lead to tumor cell death, but there are risks.
OTHER DISEASES CONCERNING TELOMERES Dyskeratosis Congenita
premature agingBlood cancers Intestinal disordersCirrhosis of the liver pulmonary fibrosisGray hairBalding
Progeria
NATURAL INCREASE OF AGE Smoking Obesity Sedentary life style Excessive sodium intake
Linked to heart diseaseType-2 diabetesdementia
Stress Inflammation Time
ANTI-AGING
• Discovered in 2009(Blackburn and Greider)
• longer the Telomeres longer life• Stumbled upon during experiment with statin to lower cholesterol in Italy(2013)
MICE EXPERIMENT Mice engineered to lack enzyme
telomerase Barely fertile, suffer from osteoporosis,
diabetes, and neurodegeneration Inactive telomerase switched back on
feeding mice 4-OHT Mice grew to adulthood without it and then the
enzyme was reawakened Dramatic reversal.
Shriveled testes grew back, regained fertility, spleen, liver, and intestines recuperated, and revered aging on brain
-published in “Nature”, study done in 2010
REVERSE AGING? Since we know for almost certainty that telomerase
is the enzyme that lengths telomeres why not make a drug, stop time now?...We have (Not technically a drug, it’s considered a supplement.)
Made from astragalus plant
CANCER CELLS RELYING ON TELOMERASE• Maintaining
functionality• Protection• Permits the cell
to keep multiplying
• Creating more telomerase prevents dealth
IS TELOMERASE THE GATEWAY FOR CANCER?
• Telomerase-combined with various mutations that promote cell growth and inhibit cell death allows the cancer cells to become “immortal”
CANCERS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTENED TELOMERES• Bladder• Bone• Prostate• Lung• Kidney• Head• Neck
MEASURING TELOMERASE ACTIVITY• Telomerase has been detected to be 20
times more active in cancer cells than in a normal body cell
• A technique to measure telomerase TRAP
WAYS WE CAN POSSIBLY PREVENT • Scientist believe blocking telomerase
can be useful• Inhibiting telomerase would cause the
telomerase to actually shorten• Forcing telomerase to make mutant
telomeric DNA in cancer cells
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/telomeres/
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TELOMERE LENGTH
CAN YOU DECREASE TELOMERE SHORTENING?
LIFESTYLE CHANGES• Optimum nutrition• Weight control • Stress reduction• Withdrawal of substances of abuse– Simple sugar– Alcohol – Drugs
• Restoration of normal sleep patterns
CHANGE YOUR DIET AND LIVE LONGER
DIET & LIFESTYLE • Pursuit of a balanced protein intake with
rotation among meat, dairy, vegetables and fish proteins– Increase intake of omega 3 fatty acids in
active forms e.g. cold-water fish, salmon • Decrease intake of saturated fat,
hydrogenated oils, and trans-fatty acids • Diet that is high in antioxidants – Decrease in mean telomere length can be
the result of severe oxidative damage to telomeres.
NUTRACEUTICALS
ETHICS OF TELOMERE RESEARCH Study done at the University of Utah
Department of Human Genetics done on 143 individuals over the age of 60 years of age Results showed that those individuals with
shorter telomere had a higher mortality rate than individuals with longer telomere
Milwaukee Center for Longevity Medicine They test clients telomere in cells by a blood test
to determine biological age and make recommendations for clients: Hormone replacement therapy Medical supplementation Personalized nutrition Exercise programs
ETHICS Should telomere science advance to
such a degree, the effect on human life could be far-reaching:People may be able to know how long they
will live until their natural death;People may be able to know their risk for
cancer and other diseases; Insurance companies may require telomere
testing before providing life, health or disability coverage;
Employers may require telomere testing results before hiring
ETHICS "Now that I know I'm going to die in 9
years..." "Do I tell my wife? Do I tell my kids? Do I tell
my employer?" "Do I quit my job and start tackling my
bucket list?" "Do I spend all my money over the next 9
years?" "Do I start exercising and eating right and
try to turn this thing around?"
Would you get tested?
REFERENCES: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X02000114 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/telomeres/ http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/cellbio/shay-wright/intro/facts/sw_facts.html http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/3/9/477.full#sec-2 https://holisticprimarycare.net/topics/topics-a-g/functional-medicine/1038-
telomeres-aging-a-disease-prevention-do-telomere-targeted-treatments-have-a-role-in-clinical-practice
http://www.telomeretesting.net/#site-name http://files.allhoff.org/research/Telomeres_and_the_Ethics_of_Human_Cloning.pdf http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/02/9353/aging-telomeres-linked-chronic-disease
-and-health
http://www.ta-65direct.com/ https://www.google.com/search?
q=telomerase&rlz=1C1SFXN_enUS499US580&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=dlZLU-VfwpXKAd-vgdgB&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1600&bih=799#q=telomeres+shortening&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=_IwQ8-d37BDmGM%253A%3ByIhG8ThasN0H_M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nia.nih.gov%252Fsites%252Fdefault%252Ffiles%252F6_telomere_2.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nia.nih.gov%252Fhealth%252Fpublication%252Fgenetics-aging-our-genes%252Fwhat-happens-when-dna-becomes-damaged%3B400%3B171
https://www.google.com/search?q=anti+aging+telomere+cream&rlz=1C1SFXN_enUS499US580&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=bnhLU42mGYThyQHanoHgCg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&biw=1600&bih=756#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=Utvx0NIaZloWSM%253A%3B12fqJ7XqkiAbiM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.skinpro.com%252Fdelfogo_assets%252Fimages%252Fdelfogo-rx-high-res%252Fdrx-telomere-dna-9186.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.goodlifeconnoisseur.com%252Ftrending-fall-2013%252F%3B5783%3B3883
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101128/full/news.2010.635.html
http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-linked-to-premature-cellular-aging
http://www.courier-journal.com/story/life/wellness/2014/04/03/booming-live-longer-lengthen-telomeres/7257307/