Ti liu k thut chn nui th

Phn 1. C IM SINH L V KH NNG SN XUT CA TH

I. C IM SINH L CA TH

Th l vt nui rt nhy cm vi cc yu t ngoi cnh, kh nng thch ng vi mi trng km. Thn nhit ca th thay i theo nhit khng kh mi trng. Th c t tuyn m hi di da, c th thi nhit ch yu qua ng h hp. Thn nhit, tn s h hp v nhp p ca tim thay i t l thun vi nhit khng kh mi trng. C quan khu gic ca th rt pht trin, th m c th phn bit c con n khc a n bng cch ngi mi. Th rt thnh tai v tinh mt, trong bng ti th vn nhn thy n ung bnh thng v pht hin c nhng ting ng rt nh.

- Sinh l tiu ha:

Th l gia sc c d dy n, d dy th co gin tt nhng co bp yu. Cc cht dinh dng c phn gii nh cc men tiu ha ca d dy v rut s c hp th ch yu qua rut non. Rut gi ch yu hp th cc mui v nc. Manh trng l on u ca rut gi c kch thc rt ln. y l b phn chnh tiu ha cht x (c, l cy,) nh c h vi sinh vt cng sinh.

- Sinh l sinh sn:

Th rt mn , tui thnh thc sinh dc t 5 6 thng, mang thai trung bnh 30 ngy v sau khi 1 - 3 ngy ng dc tr li. Chu k ng dc ca th thay i (10 16 ngy). Th ci ch cho phi ging khi ng dc v 9 10 gi sau khi giao phi trng mi rng (inh Xun Bnh), y l c im sinh sn khc vi cc loi gia sc khc. Trn c s c im ny, ngi ta thng ng dng phng php phi kp, phi lp tc phi ging 2 ln, ln phi th hai cch ln phi th nht t 4 6 gi, tng s lng trng c th tinh v s lng con ra trong 1 la.

Th con mi sinh ra cha c lng, sau 1 ngy tui bt u mc lng t, ba ngy tui th c lng dy, ngn 1 mm, nm ngy tui lng di 5 - 6 mm v 20 - 25 ngy tui b lng c pht trin hon ton. Th con m mt vo 9 - 12 ngy tui.

II. KH NNG SN XUT

1. Kh nng sinh trng

Cc ging th lai Vit Nam c tm vc nh hn so vi th ngoi nhng c kh nng chu ng c trong iu kin chn nui kham kh v dinh dng thp, khi lng trng thnh t 3,5 - 5,5 kg/ con.

Khi lng c th cc giai on tui

Ch tiu n v tnh

Th lai Th ngoi

Khi lng s sinh gram 40-50 50 - 55 Khi lng 21 ngy tui gram 300-350 350 - 400 Khi lng 30 ngy tui gram 400-500 500 - 600 Khi lng trng thnh kg 3,5-5,0 4,5 6,0

2. Kh nng sinh sn

Th l vt nui mn , mt nm c th 6 - 7 la nu c nui dng v chm sc tt. Thi gian ng dc li sau khi rt ngn nn nu nui dng chm sc tt v cho phi ging sm sau khi th khong cch hai la c th rt ngn cn 40 - 45 ngy.

Mt s ch tiu v kh nng sinh sn ca th

Ch tiu n v tnh Trung bnh Tui ng dc ln u Thng 4 4,5 Tui phi ging ln u Thng 5 - 6 Chu k ng dc Ngy 10 - 16 Thi gian ko di ng dc Ngy 3 - 5 Thi gian mang thai Ngy 28 - 32 S con ra/la Con 6 - 9 S la /nm La 6 - 7

3. Kh nng cho tht

Th mn , chu k sinh sn ngn nn nu c nui dng tt mt th ci mi nm 6 - 7 la, mi la 6 - 7 con. Sau 3 thng nui khi lng git tht 1,8 - 2,2 kg/con, nh vy mt th m c th sn xut 80 -100 kg tht th/ nm. Th cho t l tht x 46 - 49%, t l tht lc/ tht x l 85 - 86%.

Phn 2: K THUT CHN GING V QUN L GING

I. CC GING TH HIN ANG NUI TP.HCM

Cc ging th ang nui ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh hin nay chia thnh cc nhm:

1. Nhm cc ging th ngoi nhp, gm c:

- Th NewZealand white: cn gi l th Tn Ty Lan trng, c ngun gc t NewZealand. c im: lng dy, mu trng tuyn, mt hng, khi lng trng thnh t 5 5,5 kg/ con. Tui ng dc ln u 4 4,5 thng tui v phi ging ln u khi th t trng lng 3 3,2 kg/ con, vo lc 5 6 thng tui.

- Th California: c ngun gc M. y l ging th c lai to t th Chinchila, th Nga v th NewZealand white. c im: thn ngn, lng trng nhng tai, mi, 4 chn v ui c im lng mu en. Trng lng trng thnh 4,5 5 kg/ con.

Hai ging th trn hin c c s Trung tm hun luyn chn nui Bnh Thng - Vin Khoa hc k thut Nng nghip min Nam v Trung tm Nghin cu v chuyn giao tin b k thut chn nui - Vin Chn nui.

2. Nhm cc ging th trong nc

Ch yu gm 2 ging th Xm v th en Vit Nam, c chn lc nhn thun ti Trung tm Nghin cu D v Th Sn Ty. Trng lng trng thnh t 4,0 4,5 kg/ con, thch nghi tt vi iu kin nui dng v kh hu Vit Nam.

3. Nhm cc ging th lai

C nhiu ngun gc khc nhau v hin nay rt kh xc nh mc lai cng nh tn ging. Trong chn nui nng h thng gi tn theo mu sc lng, hnh dng th hin bn ngoi, nh: th Tn Ty Lan Vit Nam (th trng), th Bm, th Xm, th en, th tai cp

II. CHN GING

Cng tc chn ging c ngha rt quan trng trong vic pht trin n v nh hng trc tip n nng sut, hiu qu chn nui. Do , vic chn ging cn kt hp c 2 phng php:

1. Chn theo gia ph

L cch chn ging da vo s sch, l lch c ghi chp li ca cc th h trc (ng b, c k, cha m,), cc th h cng thi (anh, ch, em,), ch yu cn c kh nng sinh trng, kh nng sinh sn.

Cch thc hin: thng qua s liu ghi chp chn t nhng n m th m c t l th thai trn 70%, 6 - 7 la/nm, mi la bnh qun t 6 - 7 con. T l nui sng th con (t s

sinh n 30 ngy tui) t 80% tr ln, kh nng thch nghi vi iu kin mi trng tt, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, tng trng bnh qun 30 g/con/ngy. Ch chn th ging t nhng n con la th 2 - 3 tr i.

2. Chn theo c im c th

V ngoi hnh: chn nhng con ging c c im ngoi hnh ph hp vi c im ging; c tnh dc hng hi, nhanh nhn, lng bng v dy, to con, di n, ngc su v n, lng rng, mng, i n nang. T chi khe mnh v khng d tt.

Ring c ging c im u to hn, tai dy, dng ng ch V, lng phng, hi khum v pha mng, dch hon r, u

Chn th ci ging phi c lng thng, bn chn khe, vng chc, mng n, xng chu rng, c 8 10 v cn i.

Kh nng sinh trng: chn nhng con c trng lng sau cai sa (30 ngy) t 500 600 gram; Th hu b (6 thng tui) trng lng t t 2,6 2,8 kg/ con (ph hp vi c im ging).

Cn mnh dn loi b nhng con sinh sn km, mc bnh tt lu ngy khng khi, th lc gy yu.

III. NHN GING

C hai phng php:

- Nhn ging thun: l phng php s dng con c v con ci cng mt ging cho phi vi nhau. u im ca phng php ny l c th gi n nh cc tnh trng ca tng loi ging.

- Nhn ging lai: l phng php s dng con c v con ci khc ging cho phi vi nhau. u im ca phng php ny l to c u th lai, c th khai thc u im ca tng loi ging ph hp vi mc tiu sn xut.

IV. CNG TC QUN L GING

V th l loi vt c mt sinh sn kh dy (6 7 la/ nm), kh nng pht trin n nhanh nn cn ch trng cng tc qun l ging trnh hin tng ng huyt, gy thoi ha n. Do , cn thit phi thit lp h thng qun l: ng k tn c, ni, ghi chp phiu theo di c th (Mu 1) qun l sinh sn i vi n th sinh sn lm cn c cho vic chn lc, loi thi, ghp i giao phi gp phn n nh m hnh sn xut.

Mu 1: PHIU THEO DI SINH SN NI S: _____

Ngy Phi S hiu con c Ngy La Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 1 Ln 2 D kin Thc t

S con/la S con cai sa

1 2 3

Vic s dng phiu theo di sinh sn s gip nng h trnh c tnh trng ng huyt do s dng 1 con c phi ging qua nhiu th h (b, m, con,), ng thi qua kt qu sn xut m ngi ta c th chn c nhng cp ghp i ph hp.

Bn cnh cng cn ch trng vic ci to, nng cao cht lng cc ging th ang nui ti a phng qua vic s dng nhng con c ging c mua t cc c s nhn ging c uy tn.

Phn 3: K THUT LM CHUNG TRI

I. YU CU CHUNG

C th lm chung xy bng gch, lm bng g, tranh tre hoc bng cc nguyn vt liu sn c ti a phng. Nhn chung, chung tri nui th c th lm bng bt c nguyn vt liu g nhng phi m bo cc yu cu:

- Th hot ng thoi mi, khng nh hng n sc khe.

- D qut dn v sinh, st trng. Thun tin trong vic chm sc th.

- Bo v th khi s tn cng ca cc ch hi bn ngoi (mo, chut,...).

- Phi chc chn, r tin v d thay th khi b h hng.

- Phi m bo thng thong, sch s, trnh ma tt, gi la.

c bit, v th l vt nui rt mn cm, d ly nhim bnh nn chung nui th phi cch xa ch nui cc loi gia sc khc.

II. CC KIU CHUNG NUI V THIT B CHUNG TRI

1. Chung nui

- Phi m bo thng thong, sch s, khng b ma tt, gi la.

- Mi c th lm bng tole, l, m bo khng qu nng vo ma h, ma ng khng b lnh.

- Xung quanh chung c th lm bng vn, l, hoc li, m bo ngn c s tn cng ca cc loi ch hi t bn ngoi (mo, chut,).

- Nn chung bng ximng d qut dn, v sinh.

2. Lng nui

C th lm chung bng cc vt liu nh g, li st,

Quy cch chung ph hp nht l khi hp hnh ch nht, di 100 cm, rng 50 - 60cm, cao 50 cm, c th chia lm 2 ngn, mi ngn c khay li ng thc n th xanh, mng ng thc n tinh, mng ng nc ung, kch thc va phi, bo m v sinh v khng h hao. Mi ngn nui 2 con hu b, hoc 1 con ni sinh sn. Chung c th lm 1 tng hoc 2 tng; 1 tng th np m mt trn, 2 tng th ca m pha trc, di y tng trn phi c khay hng phn.

i vi th tht, cng nn ngn thnh nhiu , mi 1 m2 c th nht t 8 10 con.

Ty thuc vo iu kin din tch chn nui tng nng h, c th b tr chung 1 tng hay 2 tng tit kim din tch. Tuy nhin, tt nht m hnh chung 2 tng ch nn s dng trong chn nui th tht.

3. Thit b

- : kch thc va phi, di 50 cm, rng 35 cm, mt trn c np y. Vo khong 1 - 2 ngy trc khi , th m vo nh lng trn vi lt (c kh, rm...) chun b . Cho nn, phi t vo chung khi th mang thai c 27 - 28 ngy v c s dng cho n khi th con c 20 ngy tui.

- Mng n: c th lm bng chu snh, mng nha, mng bng g,

- Mng ung: c th lm bng chu snh, go da, chai nha, Vi nhng tri nui quy m trn 100 ni, cn b tr h thng mng nc ung t ng m bo v sinh, thun tin hn trong vic chm sc.

Phn 4: DINH DNG - THC N NUI TH

Thc n cho th gm c 2 nhm: nhm thc n th v nhm thc n tinh. Nhm thc n th c s dng vi khi lng tng i ln (gm thc n th xanh, th kh v c qu), nhng dinh dng thp, ch yu cung cp cht x cho th. Thc n tinh t nc, t x, c gi tr dinh dng cao v th ch s dng vi khi lng rt nh.

Th l loi gia sc c kh nng tiu ha nhiu cht x, s dng tt cc loi rau, c qu v cc ph phm nng nghip. Tuy nhin, mun tng nng sut trong chn nui th cn phi b sung thm cc loi thc n tinh bt, m, khong, sinh t dng premix hoc dng thc n giu cht dinh dng . iu quan trng l phi bit phi hp tt khu phn thc n cho th theo nhu cu dinh dng tng giai on pht trin ca th.

I. DINH DNG

Cng nh cc loi gia sc khc, th cng cn cung cp y cc cht dinh dng, nh:

1. Cht bt ng (tinh bt) C nhiu trong cc thc n ht nh la, bp, khoai m, Cc cht ny trong qu trnh phn ha s c phn gii thnh ng cung cp nng lng cho c th.

i vi th giai on v bo cn tng dn lng thc n tinh bt trong khu phn; th hu b phi khng ch lng thc n tinh trnh lm th mp dn n v sinh; i vi th nui con cn tng lng thc n tinh bt trong vng 20 ngy u v trong giai on ny th m va phi phc hi sc khe, va phi tit sa nui con sau nhu cu tinh bt cn t hn.

2. Cht m

ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin v sinh trng ca c th. Th m trong thi k mang thai v nui con nu thiu cht m th con s sinh nh, sc khng km, sa m t dn n t l nui sng n con thp. Th sau cai sa nu thiu m s ci cc, chm ln, d bnh.

3. Cht x

L yu cu thit yu trong khu phn thc n nhm m bo hot ng sinh l tiu ha bnh thng ca th. T l x trong khu phn khng c thp hn 8%, hoc cao hn 16% nu khng s gy ri lon tiu ha.

Ngun cung cp cht x ch yu t c, cc loi rau trong t nhin nh rau lang, rau mung, bm bm, C th tn dng cc ph phm t rau, c nh l bng ci, ngn c rt, lm thc n cho th rt tt. Tuy nhin, cn lu thc n rau xanh cn phi ra sch v lm gim lng nc cha trong rau (phi trong mt) trc khi cho n phng ri lon tiu ha.

4. Vitamin (sinh t)

Quan trng nht l cc loi vitamin A, B, D v E. Nu thiu vitamin A th sinh sn km hoc ri lon sinh l sinh sn, Th con chm ln, d bnh. Thiu vitamin E, thai pht trin km, th con d cht lc s sinh; Th c ging khng hng, tinh trng km hot lc dn n t l u thai thp. Vitamin B v D rt quan trng i vi th giai on sau cai sa v v bo.

5. Cc cht khong

Cng kh quan trng nh i vi cc loi gia sc khc. Nu thiu Canxi, Phospho th th con ci cc, chm ln; th ging sinh sn km, hay b cht thai.

6. Nc ung

Th n nhiu rau c qu nn lng nc ung khng nhiu nhng vn phi m bo cung cp nc sch v mt. Nn thit k h thng cung cp nc ung t ng cho th ung t do.

Khu phn thc n cho th c th tham kho bng sau:

Cc loi thc n (g/ con/ ngy) Loi th Hn hp Th xanh C qu T khc

0,5 1 kg 20 30 60 130 20 45 10 15 1 2 kg 70 120 200 300 25 50 25 35 2 3 kg 120 150 300 400 70 100 30 40 Ni mang thai 150 200 450 500 150 200 50 Ni nui con 200 - 250 600 - 800 200 - 300 70 - 100

Hin nay, trn th trng c bn loi thc n hn hp vi cc thnh phn ph hp vi nhu cu dinh dng v c im tiu ha dnh ring cho th.

Thnh phn:

- m: 16,5%

- Tryptophan : 0,2 %

- X: 15,8 %

- Canxi: 1,15 %

- Bo: 2,5 %

- Phosphor: 0,6 %

- Lysine: 0,75 %

- m : ti a 13%

- Methionine: 0,3 %

Thnh phn nguyn liu ch yu l: bt c, la m, u nnh, bp, cm m v premix.

II. GII THIU MT S CNG THC PHI TRN THC N HN HP CHO TH

Khi c ngun thc liu r tin, ti ch cc nng h chn nui c th t phi trn thc n hn hp cho th theo cc cng thc sau:

TT Loi nguyn liu Cng thc 1 Cng thc 2 Cng thc 3 1 Bp nghin % 30 15 25 2 Ht m nghin % 15 30 20 3 Cm go % 30 30 32,5 4 Bnh du u nnh % 19,5 19,5 15 5 Bt tht xng % 1 - - 6 Men vi sinh vt % 2 3 5 7 Mui n % 0,5 0,5 0,5 8 Premix khong % 1 1 1 9 Premix vitamin % 1 1 1 Cng 100 100 100

III. PHNG PHP CHO N

- i vi thc n xanh: Khng nn ct v d tr qu lu, cn ra sch, phi trong bng mt (khng phi trc tip di nh sng mt tri) gim bt lng nc c trong rau phng bnh chng hi, y bng trc khi cho n.

Cc loi c qu nn ct thnh ming nh, loi b nhng phn b h thi.

- i vi thc n tinh: Thc n ht cn phi kh d tr nhng khng c m mc, khng nn nghin qu nh, nn dng mnh.

Mt s lu khi cho th n:

+ Nn cho n ng gi th c phn x v tng cng kh nng tiu ha thc n, hp thu cht dinh dng mc ti a.

+ Cn ch nh lng thc n i vi th hu b, th ci sinh sn v th c. i vi th tht v th con c th cho n theo khu phn t do.

+ Nn tp trung khu phn thc n tinh vo ban ngy, thc n th xanh cho n ch yu vo bui chiu v ti.

+ Hng ngy phi thay dn thc n tha b i, ln men hoc b bn do dnh phn, nc tiu ca th.

Phn 5: K THUT CHM SC, NUI DNG

I. MT S C IM SINH SN TH CI

1. Chu k ng dc

Chu k ng dc ca th t 10-16 ngy v thi gian ko di t 3-5 ngy. Biu hin ca th ng dc l km n, chy nhy, nim mc m h mu hng nht, chuyn sang mu ti, sng ty ln. Khi nim mc chuyn sang mu thm ri tm bm l kt thc ng dc, th khng chu c na.

Th ng dc sm hay mun l do th lc, sc khe, ch dinh dng v mi trng kh hu quyt nh. Khi thy th lu ngy khng ng dc, khng phi ging c th phi xem xt xc nh nguyn nhn c bin php khc phc kp thi.

2. K thut phi ging

T l c ci, ti c s nhn ging thun l 1 c/4-5 ci; c s nhn ging thng phm 1 c/8-10 ci.

c s nhn ging thng phm cho con ci phi ging 2 ln vi 2 con c khc nhau, con c phi trc gi hn con c phi sau, cch nhau khong 4-6 gi. c s nhn ging thun chng phi lp li trn cng 1 con c, khong cch gia 2 ln phi cch nhau 4-6 gi tng t l th thai v s lng con s sinh/ la.

Thi im phi ging thch hp vo lc mt m trong ngy thng vo ban m hoc sng sm.

Khi phi ging a th ci ng dc n chung th c, nu lm ngc li th th c khng chu phi hoc phi nhng hiu qu khng cao. Nu th c giao phi c th ng trt xung mt bn th ci, c ting ku. Sau mt pht bt con ci ra v kim tra thy t vng lng xung quanh m h l giao phi t kt qu, a con ci v lng ca n v ghi ngy phi vo phiu theo di sinh sn. Nu sau 5 pht m th ci vn khng cho phi th phi tch ra, cho phi li vo ngy hm sau. Khng th c rt ui qu lu s mt sc, kt qu phi ging km.

3. Mt s biu hin ri lon v sinh sn

th hay c hin tng cha gi, chm sinh, hoc v sinh. Khi th ng dc nu c nhng tc nhn gy hng phn kch thch rng trng s hnh thnh qu trnh tit hormone c quan sinh dc ci do vy cn tr k ng dc tip theo, hin tng ny c gi l cha gi.

Trng hp th chm sinh, lu ngy khng ng dc hoc phi ging nhiu ln m khng c thai, c rt nhiu nguyn nhn:

+ Th c cha thnh thc v tnh dc, gi yu hay bnh tt, tnh dc km...

+ Th ci b bnh t cung, bung trng, hay ri lon ni tit t (hormone).

+ Thc n km dinh dng nht l thiu cht m, khong, sinh t hoc do khu phn qu n iu; th qu mp hay qu m.

+ Chung tri cht chi, nng bc, hoc m thp, ma tt gi la. Tt c u nh hng n kh nng sinh sn ca th.

Nu nguyn nhn gy sinh sn km do mi trng hoc do chm sc nui dng th c th khc phc c, cn nu do bnh tt th nn loi thi sm.

- Sau khi th 2 3 ngy, c th cho phi ging tr li. Tuy nhin, ty thuc tnh hnh sc khe ca th m m ta c th cho sinh sn t 6 8 la/ nm.

- nh k 2 3 thng chch b sung vitamin E cho th ni sinh sn, hoc b sung cc loi thc n c cha nhiu vitamin E nh: mm gi, thc ny mm

II. CHM SC TH CI MANG THAI

Thi gian mang thai ca th trung bnh t 28 32 ngy. Trong thi gian ny cn hn ch s di chuyn c bit 1 tun trc khi . Th mang thai cn c b tr ni yn tnh, khng n o, trnh dn ui lm th hong s d b sy thai.

Nui dng theo khu phn thc n nh lng, m bo s lng, cht lng v a dng chng loi, nu khng s nh hng khng tt n s pht trin ca thai. Cn c cc loi thc n giu protein v vitamin A, B, C, nh l cc loi ht, cm go, Thc n tinh cn m bo 15% protein.

Cung cp y nc sch.

Khng s dng cc loi thc n b i mc; thc n xanh c qu nhiu nc th s d b cc bnh ng tiu ha, tiu chy.

III. CHM SC TH

Trc khi 2 3 ngy, t vo chung th m. Trong phi c cc vt dng lt nh: c phi kh, rm kh, vi vn, tt c u phi kh ro v sch s.

Th sp thng c hin tng qung : i vng vng trong chung, tha c, rm v nh lng bng cho vo lm t ri vo trong . Sau dng lng ny ph ln gi m cho n th con.

Th thng vo ban m. Th khng thch n o, ng sng v mi l nht l khi thuc l. Cn theo di th phng th con lt chung, nhim lnh Th xong phi kim tra v sinh v cho th ung nc ngay.

IV. CHM SC TH CI NUI CON

Nui dng theo khu phn thc n nh lng, m bo s lng, cht lng v chng loi va tit sa nui con, va mang thai tip tc. Thc n hn hp cn m bo yu cu 16% protein.

Th m nui con cn nhiu thc n v nc ung sn xut nhiu sa, nn phi p ng tha mn nhu cu thc n v nc ung. i khi c hin tng th m n con hoc khng cho con b l do th m khng c sa, kht nc. Ting ng n o cng c th lm th m hong s, tha con i giu; nu th con b thng th m s n con. Trng hp ny thng xy ra nhng th m la u, nui con vng. Nu th m no n con lp li ln th hai th phi loi b ngay.

Nu th nhiu hn 8 con/ la th nn loi b nhng con yu hoc tch ghp bt cho n t con, nhng khng chnh lch nhau qu 2 ngy tui, mi n ch nn ti a 8 con. Khi tch ghp nn ly lt ca t con lt tay n th con n th m khng pht hin ra mi l ca th mi. Do , cng nn p dng k thut phi ging ng lot c th ghp n tt hn.

V. CHM SC TH CON THEO M

Sau khi th xong, phi kim tra n con xem chng c nm tp trung, c c ph lng m khng; kim tra s lng con v loi ngay nhng con b cht. Nu thy th con nm phn tn th phi thu gom chng li v m chng bng cht lt . Mi ngy, th m ch vo cho con b 1 ln, v th sau khi th con b m xong nn a ra khi lng th m y np cn thn th m c yn tnh.

- Th s sinh nng 40-60 g, 14-15 gi sau khi sinh mi bt u cho b m. Th con mi ra khng c lng, ging nh chut, 12 ngy m mt. Trong 18 ngy u, th con sng v pht trin hon ton bng sa m, y l giai on quyt nh n t l nui sng ca th con. Nu th con c b y th da phng, mu hng nht v nm yn tnh trong m. Quan st thy lp lng ph bn trn c ng u u. Ngc li, th con i sa da nhn

nheo, ng y lin tc trong . Trong 1 tun u, th con ch cn c b 1 ln trong mt ngy m l .

- Th con thng cht trong giai on ny ch yu do 2 nguyn nhn: b i sa, hoc b lnh. Cn tm hiu nguyn nhn c bin php khc phc kp thi.

- Thng xuyn kim tra v thay mi cht lt m m bo v sinh sch s.

- Th con pht trin rt nhanh. Ban u th con ch ng, t hot ng ngoi lc b m. Khi c 2 tun tui th lng bt u ph kn mnh, m mt v i c.

- Sau 18 ngy, th con c th ra khi , trong lng cng vi m v tp n thc n ca th m, lc ny lng sa th m bt u gim dn nn lng sa nhn c t m gim th con n c thc n ngy cng nhiu. Do vy, khu phn thc n ca th m phi c tng dn ln. Khi th con c 23 25 ngy tui, c th th con c th hp th c 50% cht dinh dng t thc n bn ngoi (n cng vi thc n ca th m). Ch b sung thc n th xanh l loi rau, l, c non th con c th tp n.

- Sau 30 ngy c th cai sa cho th con, lc ny trng lng t 400 500 g/con l tt. Lu khng nn cai sa t ngt trnh hin tng th m b vim v.

VI. CHM SC TH CON SAU CAI SA

Giai on ny t l hao ht rt cao nu khng chm sc nui dng tt do cn tng cng vic chm sc v nui dng cho th con sau cai sa.

- Th con thng cht nhiu trong giai on 2 5 tun sau cai sa do ri lon tiu ha, suy dinh dng. Giai on ny th con n cha nhiu nhng thc n cn m bo cht lng, v sinh.

- Th con t 3 8 tun tui c tc tng trng cao nht, sau kh nng tng trng gim dn, n 14 tun tui tng trng chm v tiu tn thc n nhiu. V vy, sau khi cai sa nn cho th n theo khu phn nh lng tng dn. Bt u t tun th 9 (giai on v bo th tht) nn cho n t do vi nhng loi thc n giu nng lng, thc n th c mc .

- Mt nui nht cng nh hng n kh nng tng trng v t l nui sng. Mi chung ch nn nht 5 6 con, cng mt la v khng chnh lnh trng lng qu nhiu.

- Th con sau 5 tun tui cn phn bit c ci nui ring.

- Cn cho th n vo cc gi c nh to phn x v tng kh nng tiu ha thc n v hp th cc cht dinh dng mc ti a.

- Cn s dng a dng cc loi thc n, tuy nhin khng nn thay i cc loi thc n qu t ngt d gy ri lon tiu ha, th b tiu chy.

- Hng ngy cn thay dn mng n, mng ung; v sinh chung tri sch s.

VII. CHM SC TH C GING

Th c ging ng vai tr quan trng trong vic pht trin n. Ngoi vic chn c ging tt, vic chm sc nui dng th c ging c nh hng trc tip n kt qu phi ging, t l u thai, s con ra trong mt la v cht lng th con.

- Th c c th cho phi ging khi t 6 thng tui v s dng ti a l 3 nm tui.

- Th c ging ch nn cho phi ging ti a 1 ln/ngy.

- Thc n cho th c ging phi y cc cht dinh dng nh: protein, cc loi vitamin A, D, E, Khng nn cho th c n qu nhiu tinh bt lm th qu mp, dn n tnh trng phi ging km. Thc n tinh cn m bo 15% m.

- Lng nui th c phi cch xa lng nui th ci trnh nhng kch thch khng tt cho con c.

VIII. MT S THAO TC TRONG CHN NUI TH

1. Bt th

Mt tay nm chc phn da gy th nhc ln, tay cn li di phn mng ca th gim p lc do trng lng th tr ko xung. Khng c cm tai th nhc ln v d lm cho cc mch mu, dy chng, thn kinh b t, t mu. Cng khng c m ngang bng th, nht l th trng thnh d lm th b t rut, sy thai.

2. Phn bit th c, ci

Mt tay cm da gy nhc th ln, tay kia kp ui th vo gia ngn tay tr v ngn tay gia, ngn tay ci n nh vo l sinh dc v vut ngc ln pha bng. Nu thy l sinh dc trn, hnh tr ni ln v xa l hu mn l con c. Nu l sinh dc ko di thnh khe rnh gn l hu mn l con ci. Vic phn bit c, ci cn thc hin ngay sau khi th con cai sa, tch ra nui ring.

3. Vn chuyn th

Khi vn chuyn th i xa, cn nh nhng, khng lm cho th hong s, tt nht mi con mt ngn thng. m trc ngy vn chuyn, khng nn cho th n qu no, th khng b kht nc trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Ch khng vn chuyn th khi tri nng nng, hoc qu lnh, th rt d cht.

4. Kim tra sc khe ca th

Trong qu trnh chn nui phi thng xuyn quan st, nh gi trng thi sc khe ca th c bin php can thip kp thi. Th khe th phn ng rt linh hot, lng bng mt, khng c vy rp hoc rng lng thnh tng mng. Mi v mt kh, khng c dch nhn, m chy ra. Bnh thng, phn dng vin cng; nim mc hu mn, c quan sinh dc kh, khng c vy, lot, khng dnh bt dch th khc. Th khe nhp th s u n, nh nhng.

5. Cho th ung thuc

tit kim thuc v dng ng liu thuc, cn phi bt th cho ung thuc trc tip ch khng nn pha thuc vo nc ung hoc thc n, th khng s dng ht, thuc bin cht s khng c tc dng.

- i vi th trng thnh: s dng ng bm hoc ng ht nh, t su vo ming qua mp th ri bm t t, th s nut dn.

- i vi th con: nhc th ln ch khi th ku, h ming ra th nh thuc vo ming. Trng hp th con khng ku th nh git di mi th nut vo t t, khng nn cho ng bm qua ming d lm sy st do nim mc ming th con rt mng.

6. Tim th

th thng s dng 2 ng tim:

- Tim bp: v tr tim bp mt trong i, ni c bp c dy, khng c mch mu ln. Mt ngi bt th, ngi khc tim mt tay gi cht chn th. Tay thun cm bm tim t mi kim tim vo v tr di ngn ci ang t v tr cn tim trn chn th, nh nhng bm thuc vo.

- Tim di da: Mt tay nhc lp da gy th kp gia ngn ci v ngn tr, tay thun cm bm tim a mi kim tim vo v tr da c kp gia 2 ngn tay, nh nhng bm thuc vo.

Phn 6: PHNG V IU TR MT S BNH TRN TH

I. NGUYN TC CHUNG

Th l loi gia sc yu, rt nhy cm vi ngoi cnh, sc khng ca c th km, d nhim cc mm bnh v pht trin thnh dch bnh do cc yu t ca mi trng ngoi cnh gy nn. Khi mc bnh th d cht, c khi cht hng lot, gy thit hi ln v kinh t. Cho nn, phi nui th ng yu cu k thut, ch nht l khu v sinh phng bnh v chm sc nui dng.

Thng thng, mt cn bnh ch xy ra khi hi 3 yu t:

- Xut hin mm bnh

- iu kin v sinh mi trng km

- Sc ca gia sc gim

Do , vi phng chm phng bnh l chnh, thc hin tt nguyn tc 3 sch: n sch, sch, ung sch m bo mi trng chn nui sch s. c bit, khi thi tit hoc mi trng sng thay i cn phi v sinh, chm sc nui dng tht tt, c th b sung vitamin cho th t 3-5 ngy tng sc khng v chng stress. Phng bnh tch cc bng cch s dng vaccin, thuc khng sinh ngn chn s xut hin v pht tn mm bnh. Thng xuyn theo di n th pht hin v iu tr bnh kp thi.

II. CC BNH THNG XY RA TRN TH

1. Bnh snh bng, tiu chy

Th l nhm vt nui nhy cm vi cc loi vi sinh vt, v vy cn thn trng trong vn n ung ca th.

- Nguyn nhn: Bnh xy ra do th n phi thc n b i thiu, m mc, hoc do thay i thc n t ngt lm ri lon tiu ha. Cc loi thc n th xanh c cha qu nhiu nc

cng c th lm th b tiu chy. Bnh thng xy ra trn th trng thnh v th giai on sau cai sa.

- Triu chng: Th b chng hi, bng phnh to, khng yn tnh, kh th, chy nc di t lng quanh 2 mp. Xut hin triu chng tiu chy: phn chuyn nhanh t hi st sang lng nh nc, mu en, rt hi thi. Th c th cht nhanh do mt nc v ngt th.

- iu tr: Ngng ngay cc loi thc n, nc ung v nhng yu t gy mt v sinh. C th s dng Streptomycin pha long cho ung 2 4 ln/ ngy, kt hp vi vic s dng nc chit xut t cc loi l c cht cht nh bp i, bp tr,... v tim hoc ung viatamin A, B tng sc khng.

- Phng bnh: S dng thc n sch, m bo cht lng, hp v sinh; Khi thay i ngun thc n, cn chuyn tip t t cho th quen dn; cn phi hoc d tr trc 1 ngy i vi cc loi thc n xanh c cha qu nhiu nc.

2. Bnh gh

L mt bnh kh ph bin trn th, tuy khng gy cht th ngay nhng thit hi v kinh t rt ln do mc ly lan trong n rt nhanh, lm th gy yu, chm ln.

- Nguyn nhn: Do cc loi k sinh trng ngoi da gy ra, ch yu gm 2 dng: gh u do loi gh Notoedres k sinh gy bnh m mt, mi, mp, mng chn, gt chn, da vng hu mn v c quan sinh dc; dng gh tai do loi gh Psoroptes k sinh gy bnh l tai, vnh tai. Bnh thng xy ra khi iu kin chn nui v sinh km; xy ra mi la tui ca th.

- Triu chng: Th nga, rng lng v ng vy. cc im gh ban u thy rng lng, sau thy cc vy rp mu trng xm, dy dn ln v kh cng li. i khi di vy gh c m do nhim trng gy vim da. Th khng yn tnh, km n, gy dn v cht.

- iu tr: Thuc c tr l Ivermectin 2.5 (hoc Bivermectin), s dng tim di da. Liu dng: 1 ml/ 12 - 15 kg th trng, tim di da.

- Phng bnh: m bo v sinh v chm sc nui dng tt. Chung nui phi kh ro, sch s, thong mt; mt nui va phi. Thng xuyn kim tra, cch ly v iu tr kp thi nhng con c biu hin bnh. C th s dng thuc Ivermectin phng bnh gh vi liu phng bng 1/2 liu iu tr, cch 3 thng tim lp li.

3. Bnh bi huyt th (Haemorrhagic) cn gi l bnh xut huyt.

- Nguyn nhn: L bnh truyn nhim cp tnh do Calicivirus gy ra, c tnh ly lan rt nhanh v rng. Bnh bng pht rt nhanh, gy cht th hng lot. Bnh thng xy ra trn th t 6 tun tui tr ln.

- Triu chng: Th vn n ung bnh thng, i khi th l , b n trong thi gian ngn ri cht hng lot. Trc khi cht, th giy gia, quay vng (triu chng thn kinh), mu c

ra ming, mi; gan sng to, b; vnh tim, phi xut huyt. Bnh c th gy cht trn 90% tng n.

- iu tr: Khi th pht bnh, vic iu tr hu nh khng c kt qu do kh nng ly lan rng v th cht rt nhanh.

- Phng bnh: Tng cng v sinh chung tri. S dng vaccin tim phng cho th. Liu dng: 1 ml/ 1 con th t 2 thng tui tr ln, tim di da hoc bp tht, cch 4 6 thng c th tim lp li.

4. Bnh t huyt trng

- Nguyn nhn: Trong nim mc kh qun ca th thng c vi trng Pasteurella tim sinh. Khi sc khng ca c th gim st, vi trng s tn cng v gy bnh. Bnh ly lan nhanh qua ng h hp; c th xy ra trn mi la tui ca th.

- Triu chng: Th km n, st cao 41 42oC, kh th, kt mc mt , chy nc mi c ln dch nhn, gy yu dn v cht. Th bnh dng cp tnh cht rt nhanh, hu nh khng thy r triu chng.

- iu tr: Thuc c tr l Streptomycin vi liu 0,01g/ kg th trng, hoc dng Kanamycin vi liu 0,05g/kg th trng.

- Phng bnh: Th l vt nui rt nhy cm vi bnh T huyt trng, thng 18 24 gi sau khi pht bnh th s cht, vic iu tr khng hiu qu. V vy, gii php tt nht l phng bnh: khng nn nht th vo chung g, chung heo v c nguy c ly lan mm bnh t cc loi gia sc ny; tng cng cng tc st trng tiu c chung tri; tng sc khng cho th bng cch nh k pha vitamin vo thc n, nc ung, c bit vo cc thi im giao ma nn s dng khng sinh trn phng bnh vi liu phng bng 1/2 liu iu tr.

5. Bnh cu trng (cocidiosis)

- Nguyn nhn: Do n bo k sinh Eimeria gy nn trong iu kin chn nui v sinh km. Th con t 2 tun tui c th nhim bnh t phn th m thi ra. Th t 6 18 tun tui thng mc bnh ny.

- Triu chng: Th km n, b x lng, i khi b a chy; nu kt hp vi bnh vim rut, phn c th ln mu. Thn nhit cao hn bnh thng, chy nc mi, nc di. Thi gian mang mm bnh ko di, th gy dn ri cht. Bnh c th gy cht 50% tng n.

- iu tr: Dng Rabbipain pha 10 g/10 lt nc hoc trn 10 g/5kg thc n, dng lin tc t 3 5 ngy.

- Phng bnh: y lng chung phi c l, rnh thot phn d dng; dn v sinh hng ngy. Tng cng sc khng cho th bng cch b sung viatamin, cc loi thc n c cht

lng. C th s dng cc loi thuc trn phng bnh vi liu s dng bng 1/2 liu iu tr.

6. Bnh vim mi:

- Nguyn nhn: Do thi tit thay i t ngt, mi trng chn nui qu cht chi, m t, hoc chung nui b gi la vo ban m.

- Triu chng: Th b nga mi, thng dng chn trc di vo mi lm try st. Th b ht hi, chy nc mi, km n, lng x, phn ng chm chp; nu khng iu tr tch cc thng dn n th b vim mi.

- iu tr: Khi th mi c biu hin chy nc mi, ht hi cn phi thay i mi trng v sinh v nh thuc Streptomycin, hoc Kanamycin vo mi th, mi ngy nh 2 ln cho n khi ht cc triu chng bnh. Nu th b bnh nng cn tim Streptomycin liu 0,01 g/1 kg th trng, hoc Kanamycin liu 0,05g/ 1 kg th trng lin tc trong 3 ngy.

- Phng bnh: Ci thin mi trng chn nui tt hn. Thng xuyn b sung vitamin C cho th ung tng cng sc khng.

7. Bnh vim tuyn v, vim nm v

Xy ra trong iu kin chn nui mt v sinh, th m trong giai on cho con b rt d mc bnh ny.

- Nguyn nhn: Ch yu do sa b ng li trong tuyn v gy vim, hoc do nhim bn, nhim khun t lt qua nm v hoc vt thng v.

- Triu chng: Th b vim mt hay nhiu nm v hoc c tuyn v, vng vim s sng to, nng, da v au. Trong sa ln cc cht mu, m, i khi hnh thnh cc p-xe trong tuyn v (c th s bng tay thy ni ln nhng cc u cng dc tuyn v). Th m b vim v thng mt, t hot ng, khng chu cho con b v km n.

- iu tr: Cn phi thay i mi trng v sinh. S dng khng sinh nh Penicilin tim 5.000 UI/1kg th trng/ngy, hoc tim Streptomycin liu 0,01 g/1kg th trng/ngy, lin tc trong 3 ngy.

- Phng bnh: Ci thin mi trng chn nui tt hn. Thng xuyn b sung vitamin C cho th ung tng cng sc khng.

Mt s im cn lu khi nui th

Chn nui th c nhiu li th do chi ph u t thp, tn dng c cc ph ph phm nng nghip, lao ng nhn ri, lao ng ph. Th thuc loi khe, pht trin nhanh. Mt th m nng 4 - 5kg trong mt nm c th sn xut ra 90 - 140 kg tht, hiu sut cao hn nhiu so vi cc loi gia

sc khc.

V c bn, th thuc loi d nui, tuy nhin nui th t hiu qu cao cn ch cc vn sau y:

1. Vn thc n v nc ung cho th

Do c im ca d dy th l co gin tt nhng co bp yu. Manh trng c dung tch ln v c kh nng tiu ha cht x nh h vi sinh vt. V vy, cn cho th n nhiu thc n th xanh cht lng tt, va p ng nhu cu dinh dng ca th, va c tc dng chng i v m bo sinh l tiu ha bnh thng. Thc n th xanh cho th phi c ra sch bng nc my hoc nc ging. Nhng loi rau l c hm lng nc ln nh bp ci, khoai lang, sau khi ra cn phi ti cho bt nc trc khi cho th n.

Cho th n thc n ngho cht x hoc thc n cha nhiu nc, thc n khng ti, b dp nt d dn n tnh trng ri lon tiu ha nh chng bng y hi hoc a chy v th c th b cht.

Cng cn lu l th thiu nc cn nguy him hn thiu thc n, c bit l i vi th v tit sa. Khng cung cp y nc ung cho th dn n tnh trng thiu sa hoc thm ch th m n tht th con. Trong thi gian nui con nn cho th m ung thm nc ng hoc n ma nhanh phc hi c th, tit nhiu sa v n con pht trin tt.

2. Vn sinh sn ca th

Ty theo ging, th c th thnh thc tnh dc lc 3 - 4 thng tui. phng hin tng cn x nhau v giao phi t do, dn n tnh trng gim trng hoc ri lon sinh sn, khi th c 3 thng tui nn nht ring th c vi th ci.

Khng nn cho th phi ging ngay khi th ng dc ln u m nn ch n 5 - 6 thng tui, lc th t 75 - 80% khi lng ca th trng thnh. Cho phi ging trc 5 thng tui th n con ra s yu t, ng thi nh hng xu n sinh trng v pht trin ca th b m.

Do c im ca th l trng ch rng sau khi giao phi 9 - 10 gi nn trong thc t, tng s trng c th tinh v tng s con ra, nn p dng phng php phi ging b sung, tc l phi li ln th hai sau ln th nht t 6 n 9 gi.

Khi cho th phi ging cng cn ch l bt th ci n lng th c m khng nn lm ngc li, v khi l ch th c kh lm quen vi th ci v th ci thng khng li th c.

trnh ng huyt, khng th c phi vi th ci cng gia nh.

3. Vn lm lng v chung nui th

Cn phi lm lng nui th. Lng th bo m phi chc chn, th khng chui ln n, trnh c chut tn cng v chm sc thun tin.

Phi lm c np y cho th. Sau khi th , mi ngy ch nn a vo lng th m mt ln cho con b, trnh hin tng th m chui vo a i, bi v dm p ln n con.

Th l loi gia sc nhy cm vi cc tc nhn ngoi cnh. Th c t tuyn m hi di da, c th thi nhit ch yu qua ng h hp. Khi nhit khng kh tng trn 35 C v ko di, th rt d b cm nng. Do cc c im ny lng nui th cn t ti nhng v tr thong, mt v ma h v m p v ma ng.

Trong trng hp chn nui th quy m ln cn xy dng chung tri cn thn. Chung tri phi m bo thng thong v d lm v sinh. Trong trng hp nui th quy m gia nh, c th t lng di gc cy c bng mt ngoi vn, u nh, c mi che chng c ma, nng, gi la. Khng nn t lng th trong chung ln hoc chung g, va ngt ngt, hi thi, va d ly lan dch bnh

4. Vn v sinh phng tr bnh

Th l loi gia sc yu, sc khng c th km, d cm nhim cc mm bnh v pht trin thnh dch. hn ch ti a tn tht kinh t do dch bnh, iu rt quan trng trong chn nui th l to ra mi trng tiu kh hu chung nui hp v sinh v tun th nghim ngt cc bin php v sinh phng bnh. C th, hng ngy cn lm v sinh lng nui, chung nui; nh k st trng lng, chung, mng n, mng ung, ; cn cung cp cho th y thc n v nuc ung sch s, cht lng tt.

Cc bnh th thng mc l bnh bi huyt, bnh gh, bnh cu trng ..v..v. Cch s dng cc loi thuc phng tr cc bnh ny nh sau:

- i vi bnh bi huyt:

Tim vc xin phng bnh bi huyt cho th con lc 2 thng tui. i vi th sinh sn, tim nh k 6 thng 1 ln.

- i vi bnh gh:

iu tr: dng Ivermectin 0,7 ml/3kg th trng hoc dng Dextomax 0,1 ml/3kg th trng.

- i vi bnh cu trng:

Phng bnh: v sinh, st trng chung tri. S dng thuc Anticoc, HanE3 bng 1/2liu iu tr.

iu tr bnh: thuc Anticoc, HanE3: 0,1-0,2g/kg th trng.

Phng php nui th cng nghip

Trong k thut nui th cng nghip, yu t chung tri, chn ging th, thc n sch, v sinh phng nga bnh tt s quyt nh s thnh cng. Thit k chung nui th phi thong, nh nng ban mai lt vo, d chm sc v lm v sinh, c ro chn trnh chut v mo gy hi.

Chung bng li st c gin bng st hoc bng cy ph lp sn, cao cch mt t trn 0,6m. Th t t 6 tun n 4 thng tui c th nui 10 con trong chung kch c 2x0,7x0,5m; loi chung c kch c 0,7x0,5x0,5m ch dnh nui 1 con th trng thnh trn 4 thng tui.

Th sinh sn nhanh, d to n. Th hoang c sc khng tt hn th nh. Th nui hin nay, phn ln c ngun gc lai to t th hoang chu u v chu Phi vo thi Trung c. Th nh c khong 80 loi, cn c theo trng lng hoc theo mu sc lng chia nhm ging th. Trng lng t 0,9-2,7 kg (th nh con), t 2,8-4 kg (th trung bnh), t 4,1-5 kg (th to con), trn 5 kg (th khng l). Th trung bnh v hi to con thng n t, ln nhanh, tht ngon, xng nh, nui ly tht c li. Th khng l n nhiu, xng to, t tht, sinh sn chm, hiu qu kinh t thp. Con th ging tt c nui t 6 tun n 5 thng phi hi tiu chun: Vnh tai bng v sch; bn chn v k chn khng gh; m mt khng sng v trng mt trong; b lng mn v sng; bng mm c lng xp; ui khng dnh phn t, da lng mm v khng trc lng; cc phn to trn v kh; th chc tht, hiu ng, c tim nga y . Khng nn chn mua th ang c thai hoc sinh sn v nui; th ang mang thai di chuyn c th cht hoc non; th i khp khing, lng un cong, co chn, lim lng, nghin rng, hi th nhanh... l du hiu th bnh. Khi th b bnh ng rut, vim v, vim thn, vim tinh hon, bnh ng h hp thuc iu tr tn km gp nhiu ln gi tr mt con th.

Th con nui vi tun n 4 thng tui ch cn cho n cm vin l , n thm rau c th d b bnh tiu chy v cht. Th trng thnh sc khng tt hn, c th cho n rau c ra tht sch ro nc, lng rau c mi ngy chng 20 g/con. Nc cho th ung phi c lng lc kh trng, mi con th cn t 0,2-1 lt nc trong ngy. Thc n vin phi m bo thnh phn dinh dng cho th tng trng theo thi gian nui. Th con nui n trng thnh c nhu cu dinh dng mi ngy t 8-10% protein, 2-4% lipid, 10-20% glucid, trn 4 thng tui thm mt t cht x. Th c thai v cho con b cn lng dinh dng mi ngy t 10-15% protein, 5-7% lipid, 10-20% glucid, mt t cht x cn thit. Thc n cm vin SX ti Tri Thc nghim nui th An Lc (s 94B/1055 Nguyn Vn Dung, P.17, Q. G Vp, TPHCM - T: 08.8951643) c thnh phn dinh dng (cht m 15%, cht bo 6%, tinh bt 30%, NaCl 1%, Ca 1%, P 0,2% v lng cht x cn thit). Th la n chng 30-50 g cm vin, mi ngy chia hai ln; th c ging, th ci nui con v mang thai n chng 80-100 g cm vin, chia hai ln sng v chiu. Thc n cm vin nui th c ch bin t ngun ng cc c sn, ngi chn nui t SX s lng ln cho n th, nhu cu lng thc n chng

4% trng lng c th th, cht lng thc n m bo nh qua h thng sy trn 1.200 C tiu dit cc tc nhn gy bnh ng rut, cu trng Dy chuyn SX (t khu nghin, trn, p, sy cm vin) ca Tri An Lc tiu th in nng 3 kW/gi, cng sut 50 kg cm vin/gi, mi ngy cung cp chng 400 kg cm vin p ng nhu cu thc n cho tri nui t 4-5 ngn con th, ch cn mt cng nhn chm sc v v sinh chung tri. Tnh lun khu hao thit b SX, th gi thnh 1 kg cm vin thc n cho th khong 3.000 ng. Th tht nui t 6 tun tui (600g) n 2,5 kg, cn s lng cm vin cho th n trong 80 ngy l 3,2 kg (9.600 ng), chi ph thc n tiu tn bnh qun mi con 120 /ngy. Tri nhn chuyn giao thit b ch bin thc n vin, cng ngh x l nc v quy trnh nui th cng nghip khp kn.

Th c t thng th 8 tr i c th cho phi ging. Th ci c th phi ging sinh sn t thng th 6, khi b phn sinh dc th ci sng ln c mu . Cho th ci vo chung th c giao phi, ngy hai ln vo bui sng v chiu. Ch cho th m ti phi ging 1 thng sau khi , th con sc r by v t n sau khi thi b sa, th m cn thi gian 2 tun bi dng sc khe la k tip. Th con 6 tun tui cung cp ging cho ngi nui kiu cng nghip thch hp nht. Th tng trng nhanh t lc mi sinh n 4 thng tui, t thng th 5 tr i th tng trng chm, cho nn nui th cng nghip ly tht c li nht l giai on 3-4 thng tui (nng 2,2-2,8 kg/con). Tht th cho lng protein cao v nng lng thp hn so vi mt vi loi tht ng vt khc. Lng cholesterol trong tht th thp hn tht g, trong thi dch cm gia cm c th nui th cng nghip cung cp mt lng ln tht cho ngi tiu dng. Nhng ngi cao tui, ngi cn gim bo v ngi c bnh tim nn n tht th tt hn tht heo, b, g...

Ngun t: Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia