History

The Tagalog Baybayin script. The word Tagalog derived from tagailog, from tag- meaning "native of" and log meaning "river". Thus, it means "river dweller". Very little is known about the history of the language. However, according to linguists such as Dr. David Zorc and Dr. Robert Blust, the Tagalogs originated, along with their Central Philippine cousins, from Northeastern Mindanao or Eastern Visayas.[6][7] The first written record of Tagalog is in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, written in the year 900 and uses fragments of the language along with Sanskrit, Malay, and Javanese. Meanwhile, the first known book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine) of 1593. It was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the Baybayin script and the other in Latin script. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish occupation, there were grammar and dictionaries written by Spanish clergymen such as Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala by Pedro de San Buenaventura (Pila, Laguna, 1613), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1835) and Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administracin de los Santos Sacramentos (1850). Poet Francisco Baltazar (17881862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer. His most notable work is the early 19th-century Florante at Laura.

Historical changesTagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *. In Bikol & Visayan, this sound merged with /u/ and [o]. In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/. For example, Proto-Philippine *dkt (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikt and Visayan & Bikol dukot. Proto-Philippine *r, *j, and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ajan (name) and *hajk (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halk. Proto-Philippine *R merged with //. *tubiR (water) and *zuRu (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dug.

Official status

Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines. The color-schemes represent the 4 dialect zones of the language: Northern, Central, Southern, and Marinduque. Main article: Filipino language Tagalog was declared the official language by the first constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897.[8] In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages.[9] After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines.[10][11] President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines.[10] In 1939 President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as wikang pambans (national language).[11] In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino".[11] The 1973 constitution designated the Tagalog-based "Pilipino", along with English, as an official language and mandated the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.[12] The 1987 constitution designated Filipino as the national language, mandating that as it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.[13] However, in practice, Filipino is simply Tagalog.[14] Article XIV, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part: Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system. [13] The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. [13]

In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mothertongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role.[15]

Tagalog and FilipinoIn 1937, Tagalog was selected as the basis of the national language of the Philippines by the National Language Institute. In 1939, Manuel L. Quezon named the national language "Wikang Pambans" ("National Language").[10][16] Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, Jos Romero, as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non-Tagalogs, especially Cebuanos who had not accepted the selection.[11] In 1971, the language issue was revived once more, and a compromise solution was worked outa "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language.[11] The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino.

ClassificationTagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being MalayoPolynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages such as Malagasy, Javanese, Indonesian, Malay, Tetum (of Timor), and Tao language (of Taiwan). It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol and Visayas regions such as Bikol and the Visayan group including Hiligaynon and Cebuano. Languages that have made significant contributions to Tagalog vocabulary are especially Spanish and English.

DialectsAt present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars on various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Tanay-Paete, and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog. However, there appear to be four main dialects of which the aforementioned are a part; Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. Some example of dialectal differences are:

Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in standard Tagalog. For example standard Tagalog ngayon (now, today), sinigang (broth stew), gabi (night), matamis (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects. In Teresian-Morong Tagalog, [] is usually preferred over [d]. For example, bundk, dagat, dingdng, and isd become bunrk, ragat, ringrng, and isr, as well as their expression seen in some signages like "sandok sa dingdng" was changed to "sanrok sa ringrng".

In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect infix of -um- verbs is na-. For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nkin in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers since a phrase such as nakain ka ba ng pating is interpreted as "did a shark eat you?" by those from Manila, but means "do you eat shark?" in the south. Some dialects have interjections which are considered a trademark of their region. For example, the interjection ala e! usually identifies someone from Batangas as does hane?! in Rizal and Quezon provinces.

Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog dialects by the early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive. Manileo Tagalog Susulat sina Maria at Esperanza kay Juan. Mag-aaral siya sa Maynila. Magluto ka na! Kainin mo iyan. Tinatawag tayo ni Tatay. Tinulungan ba kay ni Hilario? Marinduqueo Tagalog English Mslat da Maria at Esperanza kay "Maria and Esperanza will write Juan. to Juan." Gaaral siya sa Maynila. "He will study in Manila." Pagluto! "Cook now!" Kaina yaan. "Eat that." Inatawag ngan kit ni Tatay. "Father is calling us." Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilario? "Did Hilario help you?"

Northern dialects and the central dialects are the basis for the national language.

Geographic distributionThe Tagalog homeland, or Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzonparticularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, and large parts of Zambales. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands, Marinduque, Mindoro, and large areas of Palawan. It is spoken by approximately 64.3 million Filipinos, 96.4% of the household population.[17] 21.5 million, or 28.15% of the total Philippine population,[18] speak it as a native language. Tagalog speakers are found in other parts of the Philippines as well as throughout the world, though its use is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. In 2010, the US Census bureau reported (based on data collected in 2007) that in the United States it was the fourth most-spoken language at home with almost 1.5 million speakers, behind Spanish or Spanish Creole, French (including Patois, Cajun, Creole), and Chinese. Tagalog ranked as the third most spoken language in metropolitan statistical areas, behind Spanish and Chinese but ahead of French.[3]

AccentsThe Tagalog language also boasts accentations unique to some parts of Tagalog-speaking regions. For example, in some parts of Manila: a strong pronunciation of i exists and vowel-switching of o and u exists so words like "gising" (to wake) is pronounced as "giseng" with a strong 'e' and the word "tagutaguan" (hide-and-go-seek) is pronounced as "tago-tagoan" with a mild 'o'.

Batangas Tagalog boasts the most distinctive accent in Tagalog compared to the more Hispanized northern accents of the language. The Batangas accent has been featured in film and television and Filipino actor Leo Martinez speaks this accent.

Code-switchingTaglish and Englog are portmanteaus given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to outright code-switching where the language changes in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various of the languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog. Code Mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are Filipinized by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use. Magshoshopping kami sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center? "We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center?" Although it is generally looked down upon, code-switching is prevalent in all levels of society; however, city-dwellers, the highly educated, and people born around and after World War II are more likely to do it. Politicians as highly placed as President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo have code-switched in interviews. The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well. Advertisements from companies like Wells Fargo, Wal-Mart, Albertsons, McDonald's, and Western Union have contained Taglish.

PhonologyTagalog phonology

This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters.

Tagalog has 26 phonemes: 21 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels.[19] Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel,[20] and begins in at most one consonant, except for borrowed words such as trak which means "truck", or tsokolate meaning "chocolate".

VowelsBefore appearing in the area north of Pasig river, Tagalog had three vowel phonemes: /a/, /i/, and /u/. This was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of words from Northern Philippine languages like Kapampangan and Ilocano and Spanish words. They are:

/a/ an open central unrounded vowel similar to English "stack"; in the middle of a word, a nearopen central vowel similar to RP English "cup" // an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to English "bed" /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English "machine" /o/ a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to English "forty" /u/ a close back unrounded vowel similar to English "flute"

Nevertheless pairs 'o' and 'u and 'e' and 'i' are likely to be interchanged by the people without a very high command of the language. Table of vowel phonemes of Tagalog Front Central Back Close i u Close-Mid e o ( ) ( ) Open-Mid ) () Open a

/a/ is raised slightly to [] in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions (inang bayan [in bjn]) Unstressed /i/ is usually pronounced [] as in English "bit" At the final syllable, /i/ can be pronounced [i ~ e ~ ], as [e ~ ] is an allophone of [ ~ i] in final syllables. Unstressed // and /o/ can sometimes be pronounced [i ~ ~ e] and [u ~ ~ ], except in final syllables. [o~ ~ ] and [u ~ ] were also former allophones. // can be pronounced as a close-mid front unrounded vowel [e]. Unstressed /u/ is usually pronounced [] as in English "book" The diphthong /a/ and the sequence /ai/ have a tendency to become [e ~ ]. The diphthong /a/ and the sequence /au/ have a tendency to become [o ~ ]. /e/ or /i/ before s-consonant clusters have a tendency to become silent. /o/ tends to become [] in stressed positions.

There are six main diphthongs; /ai/, /ei/, /oi/, /ui/, /au/, and /iu/.[19][20]

ConsonantsBelow is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Table of consonant phonemes of Tagalog Dental/ Labial Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Alveolar Nasal m n Plosive p b t d k ( ) Fricative s h (t) (d) Affricate (ts) Tap Approximant l j w

/k/ between vowels has a tendency to become [x] as in Spanish "Jos", whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become [kx], especially in the Manila dialect.

Intervocalic // and /k/ tend to become [] (see preceding), as in Arabic "ghair", especially in the Manila dialect. // and /d/ are sometimes interchangeable as // and /d/ were once allophones in Tagalog. A glottal stop that occurs at the end of a word is often omitted when it is in the middle of a sentence, especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then usually lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects. /ts/ may be pronounced [t], as in English "chimney." // can be pronounced [r]. /b/ can be pronounced [][citation needed].

TonesTone (mistakenly known as stress) is phonemic in Tagalog. Primary tones occurs on either the last or the next-to-the-last (penultimate) syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary tone except when tone occurs at the end of a word. Tone on words is highly important, since it differentiates words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. tay (to stand) and tayo (us; we). Name Malumay Malumi Mabilis Maragsa Mariin Example: Tagalog Person A: Babab b?[23] Person B: Babab. English Person A: Is (it) going down? Person B: Going down. Table of tones in Tagalog[21][22] Contour Diacritic Example mid, not marked a low, grave accent high, acute accent falling, circumflex two tones in one word any combination -

Grammar Writing systemThis article contains Baybayin script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Baybayin characters.

BaybayinMain article: Baybayin Tagalog was written in an abugida, or alphasyllabary, called Baybayin prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular writing system was composed of symbols representing three vowels and 14 consonants. Belonging to the Brahmic family of scripts, it shares similarities with the Old Kawi script of Java and is believed to be descended from the script used by the Bugis in Sulawesi. Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the Latin alphabet taught by the Spaniards during their rule. There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an abugida, or an alphasyllabary, rather than an alphabet. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables. A "kudlit" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the final vowel was just left out, leaving the reader to use context to determine the final vowels. Example:

Baybayin is encoded in Unicode version 3.2 in the range 1700-171F under the name "Tagalog".

a

e/i

o/u

ka

ga

nga

ta

da/ra

na

pa

ba

ma

ya

la

wa

sa

ha

Latin alphabet

AbecedarioUntil the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called 'ABECEDARIO'[24][25]:Majuscule Minuscule Majuscule Minuscule A a Ng ng B b C c Ng / g ng / g Ch ch O o D d P p E e Q q F f R r G g Rr rr H h S s I i T t J j U u K k V v L l W w Ll ll X x M m Y y N n Z z

AbakadaMain article: Abakada

When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ABAKADA in school grammar books called balaril[26][27][28]:Majuscule Minuscule Majuscule Minuscule A a N n B b Ng ng K k O o D d P p E e R r G g S s H h T t I i U u L l W w M m Y y

Revised alphabetMain article: Filipino alphabet

In 1987 the department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet[29][30] to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English.[31]:Majuscule Minuscule Majuscule Minuscule A a B b Ng ng C c O o D d P p E e Q q F f R r

G H I J K L M N

g h i j k l m n

S T U V W X Y Z

s t u v w x y z

ng and mgaSee also: ng (digraph)

The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga are abbreviations that are pronounced nang [na] and mang [ma]. Ng, in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. Siya ay kapatid ng nanay ko. She is the sibling of my mother) while nang usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix -ly in English adverbs), among other uses. Mga (pronounced as "muh-NGA") denotes plurality as adding an s, es, or ies does in English (ex. Iyan ang mga damit ko. (Those are my clothes)). Nang si Hudas ay madulas.When Judas slipped. Gumising siya nang maaga.He woke up early. Gumalng nang todo si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siya.Juan greatly improved because he practiced.

In the first example, nang is used in lieu of the word noong (when; Noong si Hudas ay madulas). In the second, nang describes that the person woke up (gumising) early (maaga); gumising nang maaga. In the third, nang described up to what extent that Juan improved (gumaling), which is "greatly" (nang todo). In the latter two examples, the ligature na and its variants -ng and -g may also be used (Gumising na maaga/Maagang gumising; Gumaling na todo/Todong gumaling). The longer nang may also have other uses, such as a ligature that joins a repeated word: Naghintay sila nang naghintay.They kept on waiting.

po/ho and opo/ohoThe words po/ho and opo/oho are traditionally used as polite iterations of the affirmative "oo" ("yes"). It is generally used when addressing elders or superiors such as bosses or teachers. "Po" and "opo" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "Ho" and "oho" are generally used to politely address older neighbors, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship. However, "po" and "opo" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect. Example: "Pakitapon naman po/ho yung basura". ("Please throw away the trash.")

Used in the affirmative: Ex: "Gutom ka na ba?" "Opo/Oho". ("Are you hungry yet?" "Yes").

Po/Ho may also be used in negation. Ex: "Hindi ko po/ho alam 'yan."("I don't know that.")

Vocabulary and borrowed wordsTagalog vocabulary is composed mostly of words of native Austronesian origin. However it has significant Spanish loanwords. Spanish is the language that has bequeathed the most loan words to Tagalog. According to linguists, Spanish (5,000) has even surpassed Malay (3,500) in terms of loan words borrowed. About 40% of everyday (informal) Tagalog conversation is practically made up of Spanish loanwords. Tagalog also includes loanwords from Indian (Sanskrit), Chinese (Hokkien), Japanese, Arabic, Mexican (Nahuatl) and English. Tagalog has also been significantly influenced by other Austronesian languages of the Philippines as well as Indonesia and Malaysia. In pre-hispanic times, Trade Malay was widely known and spoken throughout Southeast Asia. Due to trade with Mexico via the Manila galleon from the 16th to the 19th centuries, many words from Nahuatl, a language spoken by Native Americans in Mexico, were introduced to Tagalog. English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, ylang-ylang, and yaya, although the vast majority of these borrowed words are only used in the Philippines as part of the vocabularies of Philippine English.[citation needed]Other examples of Tagalog words used in English Definition meaning "rural" or "back country," was imported by American soldiers stationed in the Philippines following the boondocks Spanish American War as a mispronounced version of the Tagalog bundok, which means "mountain." cogon a type of grass, used for thatching. This word came from the Tagalog word kugon (a species of tall grass). ylang-ylang a type of flower known for its fragrance. Abaca a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family, from abak. Manila a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper usually made from abaca hemp. hemp Capiz also known as window oyster, is used to make windows. Example

Tagalog has contributed several words to Philippine Spanish, like barangay (from balangay, meaning barrio), the abac, cogon, palay, dalaga etc.

Tagalog words of foreign originIt has been suggested that this article or section be merged into List of Tagalog loanwords. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2012. Tagalog meaning language of origin original spelling departamento department Spanish departamento kumusta how are you? (general greeting) Spanish cmo ests kabayo horse Spanish caballo Diyos God Spanish Dios silya chair Spanish silla kotse car Spanish coche relo wristwatch Spanish reloj litrato picture Spanish retrato tsismis (chis-mis) gossip Spanish chismes Ingles English Spanish ingls

tsinelas/sinelas karne sapatos arina/harina bisikleta baryo swerte piyesta/pista garahe ahente ensaymada kamote sayote (sa-yo-te) sili tsokolate (cho-co-la-te) tiangge/palenque sapote/tsiko awtomobil nars bolpen pulisia/pulis suspecho traysikel/trisiklo siopao (/syopaw/) pancit/pansit (/panset/) bakya kanan tulong sakit pulo/isla anak pinto tanghali dalamhati luwalhati duryan rambutan batik sarap asa salita balita karma alak bagay hukom salamat bakit akyat at bundok huwag aso

slippers meat shoes flour bicycle village luck feast garage agent/salesman a kind of pastry sweet potato chayote chili pepper chocolate market chico (fruit) car nurse ballpoint pen police suspect tricycle steamed buns noodles wooden shoes right help sick, pain island child,son & daughter door afternoon grief glory durian rambutan spot delicious hope speak news karma liquor thing judge thanks why climb/step up and mountain don't dog

Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish Catalan (Mallorqui dialect) Nahuatl Nahuatl Nahuatl Nahuatl Nahuatl Nahuatl English/Spanish English English Spanish Spanish English/Spanish Min Nan Chinese Min Nan Chinese Min Nan Chinese Malay Malay Malay Malay/Spanish Malay Malay Malay Malay Malay Malay Malay Malay Malay Sanskrit Sanskrit Sanskrit Sanskrit Persian Tamil Arabic Arabic Kapampangan Kapampangan Kapampangan Kapampangan Pangasinan South Cordilleran or Ilocano (also Ilokano)

chinelas carne zapatos harina bicicleta barrio suerte fiesta garaje agente ensamada camotli chayotli chilli chocolatl tianquiztli tzapotl automobile/automvil nurse ballpen polica sospechar tricycle/triciclo kanan tolong sakit pulau/isla anak pintu tengah hari dalam + hati luar + hati durian rambutan batik sedap (ahsh) (cerita) (berita) (krma) ( araq) (vagai) ( -k-m) ( slamah) obakit ukyt/mukyat at bunduk ag aso

tayo ito,nito

we (inc.) it.

South Cordilleran or Ilocano South Cordilleran or Ilocano

tayo to

Austronesian comparison chartBelow is a chart of Tagalog and twenty other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words; the first thirteen languages are spoken in the Philippines and the other nine are spoken in Indonesia, East Timor, New Zealand, Hawaii, Madagascar and Borneo.English one Tagalog isa Bikol saro Cebuano usa Waray usa Tausug hambuuk Kinaray-a sara Maranao isa Kapampangan metung Pangasinan sakey Ilokano Ivatan Ibanag Yogad Gaddang Tboli Indonesian Buginese Bataknese Tetum Maori Hawaiian Banjarese Malagasy Dusun maysa asa tadday tata antet sotu satu sedi sada ida tahi kahi asa isa iso two dalawa duwa duha duha duwa darwa dowa adwa dua, duara dua dadowa dua addu addwa lewu dua dua dua rua rua lua duwa roa duo three four tatlo apat tulo apat tulo upat tulo upat tu upat tatlo apat t'lo phat atlu apat talo, apat, talora apatira tallo uppat tatdo apat tallu appa' tallu appat tallo appat tlu fat tiga empat tellu eppa tolu opat tolu haat toru wha kolu h talu ampat telo efatra tolu apat person house tao bahay tawo harong tawo balay tawo balay tau bay taho balay taw walay tau bale too tao tao tolay tolay tolay tau orang tau halak ema tangata kanaka urang olona tulun abong balay vahay balay binalay balay gunu rumah/balai bola jabu uma whare hale rmah trano walai dog aso ayam iro ayam/ido iru' ayam aso asu aso aso chito kitu atu atu ohu anjing asu biang asu kuri 'lio hadupan alika tasu coconut niyog niyog lubi lubi niyug niyog neyog ngungut niyog niog niyoy niuk iyyog ayog lefo kelapa/nyiur kaluku harambiri nuu kokonati niu klapa voanio piasau day araw aldaw adlaw adlaw adlaw adlaw gawi'e aldo ageo aldaw araw aggaw agaw aw kdaw hari esso ari loron ra ao hri andro tadau new bago ba-go bag-o bag-o ba-gu bag-o bago bayu balo baro va-yo bagu bagu bawu lomi baru baru baru foun hou hou hanyar vaovao wagu we tayo kita kita kita kitaniyu kita, taten tano ikatamu sikatayo datayo yaten sittam sikitam ikkanetam tekuy kita idi hita ita taua kkou kami isika tokou what ano ano unsa anu unu ano tonaa nanu anto ania ango anni gani sanenay tedu apa/anu aga aha saida aha aha apa inona onu/nu fire apoy kalayo kalayo kalayo kayu kalayo apoy api pool apoy apoy afi afuy afuy ofih api api api ahi ahi ahi api afo tapui

Religious literatureReligious literature remains to be one of the most dynamic contributors to Tagalog literature. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into Tagalog, the first full translation to any of the Philippine languages. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been circulating. At present, there are four circulating Tagalog translations of the Biblethe Magandang Balita Biblia (a parallel translation of the Good News Bible), which is the ecumenical version; the Bibliya ng Sambayanang Pilipino; the Ang Biblia, which is a more Protestant version published in 1909; and the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Banal na Kasulatan, one of about ninety parallel translations of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures published by Jehovah's Witnesses. The latter was released in the year 2000. Jehovah's Witnesses previously published a hybrid translation: Ang Biblia was used for the Old Testament, while the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Griegong Kasulatan was used for the New Testament. When the Second Vatican Council, (specifically the Sacrosanctum Concilium) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into vernacular languages, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines

was one of the first to translate the Roman Missal into Tagalog. In fact, the Roman Missal in Tagalog was published as early as 1982, while not published in English until 1985. Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941[32] and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog. [1] Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic Bible translations. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, liturgical prayers tend to be more ecumenical.

ExamplesLord's PrayerThe Lord's Prayer is "Ama Namin" in Tagalog.Ama namin, sumasalangit ka

Sambahin ang ngalan mo. Mapasaamin ang kaharian mo. Sundin ang loob mo, Dito sa lup, gaya nang sa langit. Bigyan Mo kami ngayon ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw, At patawarin Mo kami sa aming mga sala, Para nang pagpapatawad namin, Sa nagkakasala sa amin At huwag mo kaming ipahintulot sa tukso, At iadya mo kami sa lahat ng masama.. Sapagkat sa Inyo ang kaharin, at ang kapangyarihan, At ang kaluwalhatian, ngayon, at magpakailanman.Amen

Universal Declaration of Human RightsThis is the Universal Declaration of Rights (Pangkalahatang Pagpapahayag ng Karapatang Pantao)

Isinilang na malaya at pantay-pantay sa karangalan at mga karapatan ang lahat ng tao. Pinagkalooban sila ng katwiran at budhi at dapat magpalagayan ang isa't isa sa diwa ng pagkakapatiran.

Every person is born free and equal with honor and rights. They are given reason and conscience and they must always trust each other for the spirit of brotherhood.

NumbersThe numbers (mga bilang) in Tagalog language are of two forms. The first one, was native to Tagalog language and the other is Tagalized version of Spanish numbers. For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated to Tagalog language as "pito" or "syete" (Sp. siete).Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 30 40 41 50 60 70 80 90 zero isa dalawa [dalaua] tatlo apat lima anim pito walo siyam sampu [sang puo] labing-isa labindalawa labintatlo labing-apat labinlima labing-anim labimpito labingwalo labinsiyam dalawampu tatlumpu apatnapu apatnapu't isa limampu animnapu pitumpu walumpu siyamnapu Cardinal Spanish loanword Ordinal (Original Spanish) sero (cero) uno (uno) una pangalawa / ikalawa (or ikadalawa in some informal dos (dos) compositions) tres (tres) pangatlo / ikatlo pang-apat / ikaapat ("ika" and the number-word are never kwatro (cuatro) hyphenated. For numbers, however, they always are.) singko (cinco) panlima / ikalima sais (seis) pang-anim / ikaanim syete (siete) pampito / ikapito otso (ocho) pangwalo / ikawalo nwebe (nueve) pansiyam / ikasiyam pansampu / ikasampu (or ikapu in some literary dyes (diez) compositions) onse (once) panlabing isa / pang-onse / ikalabing-isa dose (doce) panlabindalawa / pandose / ikalabindalawa trese (trece) panlabintatlo / pantrese / ikalabintatlo katorse (catorce) panlabing-apat / pangkatorse / ikalabing-apat kinse (quince) panlabinlima / pangkinse / ikalabinlima disisais (diez y sis) panlabing-anim / pandyes-sais / ikalabing-anim disisyete (diez y panlabimpito / pandyes-syete / ikalabimpito siete) disiotso (diez y ocho) panlabingwalo / pandyes-otso / ikalabingwalo disinwebe (diez y panlabinsiyam / pandyes-nwebe / ikalabinsiyam nueve) pandalawampu / ikadalawampu (or ikalawampu in some bente / beinte (veinte) literary compositions both formal and informal (rarely used)) trenta / treinta pantatlumpu / ikatatlumpu (or ikatlumpu in some literary (treinta) compositions both formal and informal (rarely used)) kwarenta (cuarenta) pang-apatnapu / ikaapatnapu kwarentayuno pang-apatnapu't isa / ikaapatnapu't isa (cuarenta y uno) singkwenta panlimampu / ikalimampu (cincuenta) sisenta (sesenta) pang-animnapu / ikaanimnapu sitenta (setenta) pampitumpu / ikapitumpu otsenta / utsenta pangwalumpu / ikawalumpu (ochenta) nobenta (noventa) pansiyamnapu / ikasiyamnapu

100 200 300

sandaan dalawandaan tatlondaan

syento (ciento) dos syentos (doscientos)

tres syentos (trescientos) kwatro syentos 400 apat na raan (cuatrocientos) singko syentos 500 limandaan (quinientos) sais syentos 600 anim na raan (siescientos) syete syentos 700 pitondaan (sietecientos) otso syentos 800 walondaan (ochocientos) nwebe syentos 900 siyam na raan (novecientos) 1,000 sanlibo mil (mil) 2,000 dalawanlibo dos mil (dos mil) 10,000 sanlaksa / sampung libo dyes mil (diez mil) dalawanlaksa / 20,000 bente mil (veinte mil) dalawampung libo syento mil (ciento 100,000 sangyuta / sandaang libo mil) dalawangyuta / dos syento mil (dos 200,000 dalawandaang libo ciento mil) sang-angaw / 1,000,000 milyon (un milln) sangmilyon dalawang-angaw / dos milyon (dos 2,000,000 dalawangmilyon millones) sangkati / sampung dyes milyon (diez 10,000,000 milyon millones) sampungkati / sandaang syento milyon (ciento 100,000,000 milyon millones) 1,000,000,000 sang-atos / sambilyon bilyon (un billn) 1,000,000,000,000 sang-ipaw / santrilyon trilyon (un trilln)

pan(g)-(i)sandaan / ikasandaan (or ika-isandaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used)) pandalawandaan / ikadalawandaan (or ikalawandaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used)) pantatlong daan / ikatatlondaan (or ikatlondaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used)) pang-apat na raan / ikaapat na raan panlimandan / ikalimandan pang-anim na raan / ikaanim na raan pampitondaan / ikapitondaan (or ikapitong raan) pangwalondaan / ikawalondaan (or ikawalong raan) pansiyam na raan / ikasiyam na raan panlibo / ikasanlibo pangalawang libo / ikalawanlibo pansampung libo / ikapung libo pangalawampung libo / ikalawampung libo

Months and daysMonths and days in Tagalog language are also Tagalized form of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is buwan (the word moon is also buwan in Tagalog) and "day" is araw (the word sun is also araw in Tagalog). Unlike Spanish, months and days in Tagalog are capitalized whenever they appear in a sentence.Month January February March April May June July August September Original Spanish Tagalog (abbreviation) Enero Enero (Ene.) Febrero Pebrero (Peb.) Marzo Marso (Mar.) Abril Abril (Abr.) Mayo Mayo (Mayo) Junio Hunyo (Hun.) Julio Hulyo (Hul.) Agosto Agosto (Ago.) Septiembre Setyembre (Set.)

October Octubre Oktubre (Okt.) November Noviembre Nobyembre (Nob.) December Diciembre Disyembre (Dis.) Day Original Spanish Tagalog Monday Lunes Lunes Tuesday Martes Martes Wednesday Mircoles Miyerkules / Myerkules Thursday Jueves Huwebes / Hwebes Friday Viernes Biyernes / Byernes Saturday Sbado Sabado Sunday Domingo Linggo

Common phrasesEnglish Filipino English Tagalog Tagalog (with Pronunciation) Pilipino [pilipino] Ingls [ls] Tagalog [talo] An ang pangalan ninyo? (plural) [no a palan nnjo], An ang pangalan mo? (singular) [no What is your name? a palan mo] How are you? kumust [kmsta] Good morning! Magandng umaga! [mnda umaa] Good noontime! Magandng tanghali! [mnda tahal] (from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.) Good afternoon! (from 1 p.m. to 6:00 Magandng hapon! [mnda hapon] p.m.) Good evening! Magandng gab! [mnda b] Good-bye palam [palam] Depending on the nature of the verb, either pak- [pki] or mak- [mki] is attached as a prefix to a Please verb. ng [a] is optionally added after the verb to increase politeness. (e.g. Pakipasa ng ang tinapay. ("Can you pass the bread, please?")) salamat [slamat] Thank you ito [itoh], sometimes pronounced [toh] (literally"it", "this") This one iyan [ijan], When pointing to something at greater distances: iyun [ijn] or iyon [ijon] That one dito [dtoh], heto [htoh] ("Here it is") Here doon [dan], hayan [hjan] ("There it is") There Magkano? [mkano] How much? oo [oo] Yes

op [opo] or oh [oho] (formal/polite form)hind [hnd], often shortened to d [d]

No

hind p (formal/polite form)hind ko lam [hnd ko alam]

I don't know

Very informal: ewan [n], archaic aywan [jn] (closest English equivalent: colloquial dismissive 'Whatever')pasensya p (literally from the word "patience") or paumanhin po [psna po] patawad po [ptawad po] (literally"asking your forgiveness") kas [ks] or dahil [dhl] dal! [dli], bils! [blis] mul [muli] , ult [lt] Hind ko naiintindihan [hndi ko nntndihan] or

Sorry Because Hurry! Again I don't understand

English

Tagalog (with Pronunciation)

Hindi ko nauunawaan [hndi ko nnawaan]What? Where? Why? When? How? Where's the bathroom? Generic toast Do you speak English? It is fun to live. An? [no] San? [san], Nasan? [nasan] (literally - "Where at?") Bakt? [bkt] Kailan? [kjln], [kln], or [kln] (literally"In what order?/"At what count?"") Pan? [pno] (literally"By what?") Nasan ang banyo? [nasan a banjo] Mabuhay! [mbuha] [literally"long live"] Marunong ka bang magsalit ng Inggls? [muno ka ba msalita na ls],

"Marunong po ba kayong magsailit ng Inggls?" (polite version for elders and strangers) Marunong ka bang mag-Inggls? (short form), "Marunong po ba kayong mag-Inggls? (short form, polite version for elders and strangers)Masaya ang mabuhay! [msaja a mbuha] or Masaya'ng mabuhay (contracted version)

ProverbsAng hind marunong lumingn sa pinanggalingan ay hind makarratng sa paroroonan. (Jos Rizal) One who does not learn to look back to where he came from, will never get to where he is going. Ang hind magmahl sa kanyang sariling wika ay mahigt pa sa hayop at malansang isd. (Jos Rizal) One who does not love one's own language is worse than an animal and a putrid fish. Hul man daw at magalng, nakkahbol pa rin. (Hul man raw at magalng, nakkahbol pa rin.) If one is behind but capable, one will still be able to catch up. Magbir ka na sa lasng, huwg lang sa bagong gising. Make fun of someone drunk, if you must, but never make fun of someone who just woke up. Ang sakt ng kalingkingan, ramdm ng buong katawn. The pain of the pinkie is felt by the whole body. (In a group: if one goes down, the rest comes down with it.) Nasa hul ang pagsisisi. Regret always comes last. Pagkhba-haba man ng prusisyn, sa simbahan pa rin ang tuly. The (wedding) procession may stretch on and on, but it still ends up at the church. (In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try and postpone it.) Kung d mdan sa santong dasalan, daanin sa santong paspasan. If you can't get it through holy prayer, get it through blessed force. (In romance and courting: santong paspasan literally means 'Holy speeding' and is a euphemism for sex. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino men. One is the traditional restrained courting favored by the older generations, which often featured serenades and doing chores for the girl's parents. It is notorious for taking ages before getting the girl to say yes. While the other is the riskier seduction which does away with the courting traditions. It can either lead to getting a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The conclusion is what western cultures would call a 'shotgun marriage', therefore the suitor gets the girl one way or the other. The proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation.)