Tables of Major Muscles

7/30/2019 Tables of Major Muscles

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Tables of Major Muscles, Origins, Insertions, and Actions

The Torso

Muscle

Name

Origin Insertion Action

rectusabdominis

The pubic arch ofthe pelvis.

Inferior end of the sternumand cartilage of ribs #5-7.

Bends ribcage forward towardhips, and vice-versa.

externaloblique

Ribs #5-12. Theorigins are on theribs near wherethey meet thecartilages.

The medial edge meets thelateral edge of rectusabdominis by a tendoncompletely covering the lattermuscle. The lower edgeattaches to the anterior half ofthe iliac crest and the inguinal(IN-gwin-al, referring to thegroin) ligament.

Rotates the ribcage. The musclepulls the same side forward: theright external oblique pulls theribcage so the right shouldercomes around to the front;likewise for the left oblique. It alsobends the lower spine laterally.Both sides together bend theribcage forward toward the pelvis.

serratusanterior

Upper eight ornine ribs.

Under the scapula to its medialedge.

Moves the scapula laterally, androlls its inferior angle upward toraise the arm above the shoulder.

latissimusdorsi

All vertebrae fromthe sixth thoracicto the sacrum,and the posterior,upper, medialborder of pelvis.

Ridge on anterior surface ofthe humerus.

Extends the shoulder - pulls upperarm downward towards the torsoand behind the back.

The Shoulder Girdle

Muscle Name Origin Insertion Action

pectoralismajor

Medial half of theclavicle, the lateralsurface of thesternum, and the topof the abdominalaponeurosis.

A ridge on the frontof the humerusbelow the head.

Pulls the arm forward and across thebody; rotates the upper arm inwardly.

deltoid

Lateral third ofclavicle and spine ofscapula, including theacromion process.

Lateral surface ofthe humerus, abouthalfway down.

Raises the arm at the shoulder.

infraspinatusA wide area on thesurface of the scapulabelow the spine.

Posterior side of thehead of thehumerus.

Rotates the upper arm laterally(outward).

teres majorLower angle of thescapula.

Anterior surface ofthe humerus, belowthe head.

Adducts the upper arm and rotates itmedially (inward).

rhomboids Seventh cervical Medial border of Draws the scapula toward the spine,


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vertebra and thoracicvertebrae #1-5.

scapula. and rotates its inferior angle medially.

trapezius

From a shorthorizontal line on thebase of the skull to allof the vertebraedown to the 10ththoracic.

The spine of thescapula, the medialside of the acromion

process of thescapula, and thelateral third of theclavicle.

The upper third raises the scapula;with the scapula fixed, it draws thehead upright, backward, toward theshoulder, and rotates the face to theopposite side. The middle third drawsthe scapula towards the spine; thelower third draws it downward. Bothsides together extend the head.

The Hip and Thigh


tensor fascia lata Anterior superior iliac spine.The iliotibialband.

Flexes and abducts thethigh, and rotates itinward.

gluteus mediusA wide area on the lateralsurface of the ilium.

The greattrochanter of thefemur.

Lifts the thigh to the side.Its anterior and posteriorportions rotate it mediallyand laterally respectively.

gluteus maximus

Posterior, lateral surfaces ofilium,sacrum, and coccyx. (Alsoa number of deep ligaments onthe pelvis.)

Upper, posteriorsurface of thefemur, and theiliotibial band.

Straightens the thigh atthe hip and draws itbackwards.

vastus medialis

Front surface on the upper endof the femur. The belly wrapsaround the medial side of the

femur and attaches to a longline on the back.

Patellar tendon.Straightens the leg at theknee.

vastus lateralis

Front surface on the upper endof the femur. The belly wrapsaround the lateral side of thefemur and attaches to a longline on the back.

Patellar tendon.Straightens the leg at theknee.

rectus femorisAnterior inferior iliac spine ofthe pelvis. Insertion: patellartendon.

Straightens the leg at theknee, and bends it at thehip.

sartoriusAnterior superior iliac spine of

pelvis.

Upper medialsurface of the

tibia.

Flexes the leg at both thehip and the knee, and

rotates the leg laterally.

semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity.Medial condyle oftibia.

Pulls the thighbackwards, rotates itinward, and bends theleg at the knee.

semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity.Medial condyle ofthe tibia.

Pulls the thighbackwards, bends the legat the knee, and rotates


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the lower leg inward.

biceps femoris

The long head arises from theischial tuberosity. The shorthead arises from a line on theback of the femur lyingcompletely under the long head.

Head of thefibula.

Pulls the thigh backwardsand bends the leg at theknee.

The Lower Leg


gastrocnemius

The medial headattaches to the femur

just above the medialcondyle; the lateral headdoes the same above thelateral condyle.

Via the Achilles tendonto the bone of theheel, the calcaneus(cal-KAY-nee-us).

Straightens the joint of theankle, either pointing the foot,or lifting a standing figure ontothe ball of the foot.

soleusPosterior surfaces oftibia and fibula.

Via the Achilles tendonto the bone of theheel.

Same as gastrocnemius;straightens the joint of theankle, either pointing the foot,or lifting a standing figure ontothe ball of the foot.

tibialisanterior

Upper lateral andanterior surface of tibia.

Bottom surface of thefirst metatarsal andthe cuneiform bone ofthe foot.

Bends the joint of the ankle,drawing the top of the footupward; turns the bottom ofthe foot inward.

peroneuslongus

Lateral surface of thefibula, front of the headof the fibula, and the

lateral condyle of thetibia.

A tendon that runsdown the posteriorside of the ankle and

under the foot to thefirst metatarsal.

Points the foot, draws thebottom of the foot laterally.

The Upper Arm


biceps

Two points (one for eachhead) on the deep anterior,superior part of the scapula.These points are the glenoidfossa and the coracoidprocess.

Anterior surface of the radiusbelow the head.

Bends the armat the elbowand turns theforearm palm-up.

brachialis Anterior surface of humerus.Anterior surface on the head ofthe ulna.

Bends the armat the elbow.

coracobrachialis Coracoid process of scapula.The mid-point on the medialside of the humerus.

Adducts theupper arm andlifts it forward.

tricepsThe medial and lateral headsattach to the posterior surface

All three heads attach to thetriceps tendon, which inserts

Extends arm atelbow.


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of the humerus. The long headattaches to lower border of thescapula, close to the armsocket.

into the base of the ulna on itsposterior side. This point iscalled the olecranon (oh-LECK-ruh-non).

The Forearm


brachioradialisA short line on the lateraledge of the humerus.

The proximal end ofthe radius on itslateral side.

Bends forearm atelbow.

extensor carpiradialis longus

Lateral epicondyle of thehumerus and ridgeimmediately above.

Dorsal surface of baseof the secondmetacarpal.

extensor carpiradialis brevis

Lateral epicondyle of thehumerus.

Dorsal surface of baseof the second

metacarpal.

Straightens and pullsback the wrist.

extensor digitorumLateral epicondyle of thehumerus.

Dorsal surface of thefour fingers.

Straightens and pullsback the fingers.

extensor carpiulnaris

Lateral epicondyle of thehumerus and dorsal surfaceof the ulna.

Dorsal surface of fifthmetacarpal.

Extends wrist andbends it sidewaystowards the ulna.

anconeusLateral epicondyle ofhumerus.

Olecranon and upperportion of ulna.

Straightens arm atelbow.

The Neck and Throat


sternocleidomastoid

The sternumand the medialthird of theclavicle.

The mastoidprocess onthe skull.

Bends the head laterally to the same side(drawing the ear toward the shoulder), androtates the head to the opposite side(turning the face away). Both sides togetherroll the head towards the back.

The Hand


first dorsalinterosseus

The facing surfaces of thefirst and secondmetacarpals.

Base of the proximalphalanx of the indexfinger.

Pulls the first and secondmetacarpals together,abducting the index finger.

Tables of Major Muscles

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