Table of Frequently Used Terms in Anatomy
Transcript of Table of Frequently Used Terms in Anatomy
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TERM DEFINITION
Aditus an ENTRANCE/OPENING
Ala a WING-LIKE PROCESS
Alveolus a DEEP NARROW PIT (tooth socket)
Ampulla describes the DIALATED PART of a DUCT
Antrum a CAVITY
Aponeurosis
a Glistening SHEET of FIBROUS TISSUE (from which muscle fibers
arise or ito which they run)
Artery a BLOOD VESSEL which CONDUCTS BLOOD FROM the HEART
Bone
a special FORM of CONNECTIVE TISSUE in which CALCIUM SALTS
are DEPOSITED and which PROVIDES a FRAMEWORK/SKELETON
for the OTHER TISSUES of the body
Bursa
a MEMBRANOUS SAC CONTAINING a SMALL AMOUNT of VISCOUS
FLUID
Canal a TUBULAR and relatively NARROW CHANNEL/TUNNEL
Capsule a FIBROUS/MEMBRANOUS ENVELOPE SURROUNDING an ORGAN
Cartilage
a FIRM WHITE TISSUE that PROTECTS the SURFACES of BONES and
JOINTS
Caruncle a SMALL FLESHY EMINENCE
Cuada TAIL
Cavity a HOLLOW SPACE
Cervix
means NECK, and is applied to the NECK LIKE PORTION of an
ORGAN
Chiasma a CROSSING of FIBERS in the form of an X
Commissure
a BAND of FIBERS which JOIN CORRESPONDING RIGHT and LEFT
PARTS of a STRUCTURE ACROSS the MEDIAN PLANE
Corpus mean BODY
Cortex
OUTER PART/RIND, or some ORGANS as distinguished from their
INNER PART/CORE usually called a MEDULLA
Crest a PROJECTING RIDGE (esp w/ bones)
Crus means a LEG
Disc
a FLAT ROUND STRUCTURE usually applied to PLATES of
CARTILAGE in JOINTS
Duct a TUBE for the PASSAGE of FLUIDS, esp SECRETIONS of GLANDS
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Epithelium
a LAYER of CELLS which form the EXTERNAL SURFACE of the SKIN,
or which LINES the CAVITIES of the DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, and
UROGENITAL ORGANS, SEROUS CAVITIES, INNER COATS of BLOOD
and LYMPHATIC VESSELS, GLAND and CAVITIES w/in the BRAIN;
SKIN = EPIDERMIS; LINING BLOOD VESSELS = ENDOTHELIUM;
SEROUS CAVITIES = MESOTHELIUM
Fascia
TISSUE which lies immediately DEEP to the SKIN known as
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE; usually consists of a LAYER of
CONNECTIVE TISSUE which contains FAT, and of a DEEP and more
FIBROUS LAYER which ADHERES to the SURFACE of the
UNDERLYING MUSCLE and VESSELS; SURROUNDS EVERY MUSCLE,
ORGAN, VESSEL, and NERVE in the body
Fasciculus a SMALL BUNDLE
Filum
"THREAD"; this name is given to several THREAD-LIKE
STRUCTURES
Fold a RIDGE FORMED where a MEMBRANE DOUBLES BACK on ITSELF
Folium
"LEAF"; the plural "folia" is applied to the folds of the CORTEX of
the CEREBELLUM
Foramen a HOLE; often in bone or b/t adjacent bones
Fossa a "DITCH", usually referring to a SHALLOW DEPRESSION or CAVITY
Fovea a SMALL PIT or FOSSA
Frenulum
a SMALL FOLD of the MUCOUS COAT which limits the movement
of the structure to which it is attachedFundus used to denote the WIDEST PART of a HOLLOW ORGAN
Ganglion
a SWELLING on the COURSE of a NERVE; usually corresponds to a
collection of nerve cells
Gyrus a FOLD or CONVOLUTION of the CEREBRAL CORTEX
Hilum
a DEPRESSION or NOTCH where BLOOD VESSELS ENTER or LEAVE
an ORGAN
Humor applied to FLUIDS of the EYE
Infundibulum a FUNNEL-SHAPED PASSAGE
Interdigitate an INTERLOCKING of STRUCTURES by FINGER-LIKE PROCESSES
Invaginate
a process when part of a wall of a structure is pushed inwards sothat the structure which invaginates the membrane becomes
partly ensheathed by it
Isthmus
a NARROW PART of a DUCT or other PASSAGE, or a NARROW
STRIP of TISSUE CONNECTING 2 WIDER PARTS of an ORGAN
Joints PLACES where BONES MEET EACH OTHER (ARTICULATE)
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- Fibrous Joint
Where BONES are CONNECTED by FIBROUS TISSUE (suture of the
skull)
- Cartlaginous Joint
where BONES are UNITED by CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE (symphysis
pubis)
- Synovial Joint
where a SPACE INTERVENES b/t the ARTICULATING ENDS of
BONES
- Articular Capsule ENCLOSES the SYNOVIAL JOINT; LINED by a SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
- Synovial Membrane SECRETES a LUBRICATING FLUID in SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Labium LIP
Lamina
a THIN PLATE of BONE or CARTILAGE or a THIN LAYER of SOFTER
TISSUES
- Stratum is also used to denote a LAYER
Ligament
a BAND of FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE that CONNECTS BONE to
BONE
Lobe a PART of an ORGAN, often separated by the rest by a FISSURE
Meatus a PASSAGE/OPENING
Muscle
consist of MASSES of SPECIAL CONTRACTILE CELLS which are
UNDER NERVOUS CONTROL
Nerves
- Dorsal Root
ARISES from the POSTERIOR ASPECT of the SPINAL CORD; consists
of SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS
- Ventral Root
ARISES from the ANTERIOR ASPECT of the SPINAL CORD; consists
of MOTOR (EFFERENT) FIBERS
- Dorsal RamusSUPPLIES the DEEPER MUSCLES of the BACK and their OVERLYINGSKIN
- Ventral Ramus
SUPPLIES MUSCLES and SKIN on the LATERAL and ANTERIOR
ASPECTS of the body; also SUPPLIES the LIMBS
Neuron NERVE CELL, is the FUNCTIONAL UNIT of the NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Axon
ONE of the PROCESSES on a NEURON; CARRIES the ACTION
POTENTIAL AWAY FROM the CELL BODY
- Dendrites
the OTHER PROCESS on a NEURON; CARRIES the ACTION
POTENTIAL TOWARDS the CELL BODY (RECEIVES the AP)
Node a SWELLING or PROTUBERANCE
Notch an INDENTATION or DEPRESSION
Nucleus
means "KERNEL" or "NUT"; used to describe an AGGREGATION or
CLUSTER of NERVE CELLS
Papilla a SMALL NIPPLE-SHAPED ELEVATION
Periosteum the FIBROUS COVERING of a BONE
Plexus a NETWORK of NERVE or VESSEL PROCESSES
Pouch POCKETS of PERITONEUM in the ABDOMEN
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Process
an APPENDAGE or PROJECTION form the MAIN PART of a BONE or
ORGAN
Punctum a MINUTE OPENING
Ramus a BRANCH
Raphe a SEAM where 2 similar SHEETS of TISSUE UNITE
Rete
a NETWORK, used to describe PLEXUSES of SMALL CANALS,
NERVES, or VESSELS
Retinaculum
a BAND of CONNECTIVE TISSUE, usually connected at BOTH ENDS
to BONE, which keeps TENDONS or other structures in place
Rima
a CLEFT of FISSURE that refers to a NARROW OVAL or OBLONG
OPENING
Root
the PART of a NERVE or ORGAN which arises from ANOTHER
STRUCTURE
Sac a BAG-LIKE CAVITY or POUCH
Septum a DIVIDING WALL/PARTITION
Sinus
a RECESS, a CAVITY or HOLLOW SPACE, a DIALATED CHANNEL for
VENOUS BLOOD or a SMALL TUNNEL
Space
a CLEARLY DEMARCATED SEGMENT of TISSUE or POTENTIAL
CAVITY
Spine a SMALL, SHARP-POINTED PROJECTION from a BONE
Stroma SUPPORTING FIBROUS FRAMEWORK of TISSUE
Substantia means SUBSTANCE or MATTER
Sulcus a GROOVE
Taenia a FLAT BAND or TAPE, applied to a NARROW STRIP of MUSCLE
Tendon
a CORD of CONNECTIVE TISSUE into which MUSCLE FIBERS END by
which a MUSCLE is ATTACHED to BONE or other structures
(CONNECTS MUSCLE to BONE)
Trabecula means a BEAM or BAR
Tract
a BUNDLE of FIBERS, often NERVE FIBERS, having similar ORIGINS
and TERMINATIONS
Trigonum a TRIANGULAR SPACE or AREA
Trochlea PULLEY
Tuber an ENLARGMENT of SWELLING
Tubercle an EMINENCE on a BONE, usually smoother than a tuberosityTuberosity a ROUGH EMINENCE on a BONE
Tunica a COVERING or COAT around MUSCLE or HOLLOW VISCERA
Uvula
means "LITTLE GRAPE", usually referring to the SMALL FLESHY
APPENDAGE that HANGS from the SOFT PALATE
Vallecula a WIDE DEPRESSION, FURROW, or VALLEY
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Valve
a FOLD in an ARTERY, VEIN, or DUCT which PREVENTS REFLUX of
its CONTENTS
Vas a TUBULAR STRUCTURE
Veins VESSELS that RETURN BLOOD from CAPILLARIES to the HEART
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TERM DEFINITION
Aditus
Ala
Alveolus
Ampulla
Antrum
Aponeurosis
Artery
Bone
Bursa
Canal
Capsule
Cartilage
Caruncle
Cuada
Cavity
Cervix
Chiasma
Commissure
Corpus
Cortex
CrestCrus
Disc
Duct
Epithelium
Fascia
Fasciculus
Filum
Fold
Folium
ForamenFossa
Fovea
Frenulum
Fundus
Ganglion
Gyrus
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Hilum
Humor
Infundibulum
Interdigitate
Isthmus
Joints
- Fibrous Joint
- Cartlaginous Joint
- Synovial Joint
- Articular Capsule
- Synovial Membrane
Labium
Lamina
- Stratum
Ligament
Lobe
Meatus
Muscle
Nerves
- Dorsal Root
- Ventral Root
- Dorsal Ramus
- Ventral Ramus
Neuron
- Axon- Dendrites
Node
Notch
Nucleus
Papilla
Periosteum
Plexus
Pouch
Process
PunctumRamus
Raphe
Rete
Retinaculum
Rima
Root
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Sac
Septum
Sinus
Space
Spine
Stroma
Substantia
Sulcus
Taenia
Tendon
Trabecula
Tract
Trigonum
Trochlea
Tuber
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Tunica
Uvula
Vallecula
Valve
Vas
Veins
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TERM DEFINITION
an ENTRANCE/OPENING
a WING-LIKE PROCESS
a DEEP NARROW PIT (tooth socket)
describes the DIALATED PART of a DUCT
a CAVITY
a Glistening SHEET of FIBROUS TISSUE (from which muscle fibers
arise or ito which they run)
a BLOOD VESSEL which CONDUCTS BLOOD FROM the HEART
a special FORM of CONNECTIVE TISSUE in which CALCIUM SALTS
are DEPOSITED and which PROVIDES a FRAMEWORK/SKELETON
for the OTHER TISSUES of the body
a MEMBRANOUS SAC CONTAINING a SMALL AMOUNT of VISCOUS
FLUID
a TUBULAR and relatively NARROW CHANNEL/TUNNEL
a FIBROUS/MEMBRANOUS ENVELOPE SURROUNDING an ORGAN
a FIRM WHITE TISSUE that PROTECTS the SURFACES of BONES and
JOINTS
a SMALL FLESHY EMINENCE
TAIL
a HOLLOW SPACEmeans NECK, and is applied to the NECK LIKE PORTION of an
ORGAN
a CROSSING of FIBERS in the form of an X
a BAND of FIBERS which JOIN CORRESPONDING RIGHT and LEFT
PARTS of a STRUCTURE ACROSS the MEDIAN PLANE
mean BODY
OUTER PART/RIND, or some ORGANS as distinguished from their
INNER PART/CORE usually called a MEDULLA
a PROJECTING RIDGE (esp w/ bones)
means a LEGa FLAT ROUND STRUCTURE usually applied to PLATES of
CARTILAGE in JOINTS
a TUBE for the PASSAGE of FLUIDS, esp SECRETIONS of GLANDS
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a LAYER of CELLS which form the EXTERNAL SURFACE of the SKIN,
or which LINES the CAVITIES of the DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, and
UROGENITAL ORGANS, SEROUS CAVITIES, INNER COATS of BLOOD
and LYMPHATIC VESSELS, GLAND and CAVITIES w/in the BRAIN;
SKIN = EPIDERMIS; LINING BLOOD VESSELS = ENDOTHELIUM;
SEROUS CAVITIES = MESOTHELIUM
TISSUE which lies immediately DEEP to the SKIN known as
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE; usually consists of a LAYER of
CONNECTIVE TISSUE which contains FAT, and of a DEEP and more
FIBROUS LAYER which ADHERES to the SURFACE of the
UNDERLYING MUSCLE and VESSELS; SURROUNDS EVERY MUSCLE,
ORGAN, VESSEL, and NERVE in the body
a SMALL BUNDLE
"THREAD"; this name is given to several THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURES
a RIDGE FORMED where a MEMBRANE DOUBLES BACK on ITSELF
"LEAF"; the plural "folia" is applied to the folds of the CORTEX of
the CEREBELLUM
a HOLE; often in bone or b/t adjacent bones
a "DITCH", usually referring to a SHALLOW DEPRESSION or CAVITY
a SMALL PIT or FOSSA
a SMALL FOLD of the MUCOUS COAT which limits the movement
of the structure to which it is attachedused to denote the WIDEST PART of a HOLLOW ORGAN
a SWELLING on the COURSE of a NERVE; usually corresponds to a
collection of nerve cells
a FOLD or CONVOLUTION of the CEREBRAL CORTEX
a DEPRESSION or NOTCH where BLOOD VESSELS ENTER or LEAVE
an ORGAN
applied to FLUIDS of the EYE
a FUNNEL-SHAPED PASSAGE
an INTERLOCKING of STRUCTURES by FINGER-LIKE PROCESSES
a NARROW PART of a DUCT or other PASSAGE, or a NARROWSTRIP of TISSUE CONNECTING 2 WIDER PARTS of an ORGAN
PLACES where BONES MEET EACH OTHER (ARTICULATE)
Where BONES are CONNECTED by FIBROUS TISSUE (suture of the
skull)
where BONES are UNITED by CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE (symphysis
pubis)
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where a SPACE INTERVENES b/t the ARTICULATING ENDS of
BONES
ENCLOSES the SYNOVIAL JOINT; LINED by a SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
SECRETES a LUBRICATING FLUID in SYNOVIAL JOINTS
LIP
a THIN PLATE of BONE or CARTILAGE or a THIN LAYER of SOFTER
TISSUES
is also used to denote a LAYER
a BAND of FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE that CONNECTS BONE to
BONE
a PART of an ORGAN, often separated by the rest by a FISSURE
a PASSAGE/OPENING
consist of MASSES of SPECIAL CONTRACTILE CELLS which are
UNDER NERVOUS CONTROL
ARISES from the POSTERIOR ASPECT of the SPINAL CORD; consists
of SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS
ARISES from the ANTERIOR ASPECT of the SPINAL CORD; consists
of MOTOR (EFFERENT) FIBERS
SUPPLIES the DEEPER MUSCLES of the BACK and their OVERLYING
SKIN
SUPPLIES MUSCLES and SKIN on the LATERAL and ANTERIOR
ASPECTS of the body; also SUPPLIES the LIMBS
NERVE CELL, is the FUNCTIONAL UNIT of the NERVOUS SYSTEMONE of the PROCESSES on a NEURON; CARRIES the ACTION
POTENTIAL AWAY FROM the CELL BODY
the OTHER PROCESS on a NEURON; CARRIES the ACTION
POTENTIAL TOWARDS the CELL BODY (RECEIVES the AP)
a SWELLING or PROTUBERANCE
an INDENTATION or DEPRESSION
means "KERNEL" or "NUT"; used to describe an AGGREGATION or
CLUSTER of NERVE CELLS
a SMALL NIPPLE-SHAPED ELEVATION
the FIBROUS COVERING of a BONEa NETWORK of NERVE or VESSEL PROCESSES
POCKETS of PERITONEUM in the ABDOMEN
an APPENDAGE or PROJECTION form the MAIN PART of a BONE or
ORGAN
a MINUTE OPENING
a BRANCH
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a SEAM where 2 similar SHEETS of TISSUE UNITE
a NETWORK, used to describe PLEXUSES of SMALL CANALS,
NERVES, or VESSELS
a BAND of CONNECTIVE TISSUE, usually connected at BOTH ENDS
to BONE, which keeps TENDONS or other structures in place
a CLEFT of FISSURE that refers to a NARROW OVAL or OBLONG
OPENING
the PART of a NERVE or ORGAN which arises from ANOTHER
STRUCTURE
a BAG-LIKE CAVITY or POUCH
a DIVIDING WALL/PARTITION
a RECESS, a CAVITY or HOLLOW SPACE, a DIALATED CHANNEL for
VENOUS BLOOD or a SMALL TUNNEL
a CLEARLY DEMARCATED SEGMENT of TISSUE or POTENTIAL
CAVITY
a SMALL, SHARP-POINTED PROJECTION from a BONE
SUPPORTING FIBROUS FRAMEWORK of TISSUE
means SUBSTANCE or MATTER
a GROOVE
a FLAT BAND or TAPE, applied to a NARROW STRIP of MUSCLE
a CORD of CONNECTIVE TISSUE into which MUSCLE FIBERS END by
which a MUSCLE is ATTACHED to BONE or other structures
(CONNECTS MUSCLE to BONE)
means a BEAM or BARa BUNDLE of FIBERS, often NERVE FIBERS, having similar ORIGINS
and TERMINATIONS
a TRIANGULAR SPACE or AREA
PULLEY
an ENLARGMENT of SWELLING
an EMINENCE on a BONE, usually smoother than a tuberosity
a ROUGH EMINENCE on a BONE
a COVERING or COAT around MUSCLE or HOLLOW VISCERA
means "LITTLE GRAPE", usually referring to the SMALL FLESHY
APPENDAGE that HANGS from the SOFT PALATEa WIDE DEPRESSION, FURROW, or VALLEY
a FOLD in an ARTERY, VEIN, or DUCT which PREVENTS REFLUX of
its CONTENTS
a TUBULAR STRUCTURE
VESSELS that RETURN BLOOD from CAPILLARIES to the HEART