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Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Sources of Energy
Nuclear Energy
Energy Conservation
Table of Contents
Energy Resources
Building VocabularyUsing a word in a sentence helps you think about how best to explain the word. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have learned to write a meaningful sentence using each Key Term.
- Fossil Fuels
Key Terms: Examples:
energy transformationcombustionfuel
An example of energy transformation is combustion, when a fuel is burned and chemical energy is released.
petroleumfossil fuelshydrocarbons
Oil, also called petroleum, is one of the fossil fuels, which are made up of energy-rich hydrocarbons.
refinery Many products that come from oil are produced in a refinery, where oil is heated and separated.
Key Terms: Examples:
petrochemicals Petrochemicals, which are also made from oil, are used to make medicines, plastics, paints, and cosmetics.
Energy Resources
Energy Transformation and FuelsWhen fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion, or electricity.
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Fossil FuelsEnergy Transformation and Fuels Pg. 674-675
1.A Substance that provides a form of energy, such as heat, as a result of a chemical change is a(n) ____.
Fuel
2. Energy cannot be converted from one form to another.
False
3. The process of burning a fuel is called ____.
combustion
4. The energy stored in fuels can be used to generate electricity.
True
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels5. Sentences that are true about the production of electric power. •In most power plants, water is boiled to make steam.•Powerful magnets turn inside a wire coil.
Energy Resources
Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed from plant remains.
What Are Fossil Fuels?
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
What Are Fossil Fuels?Crude oil is first pumped out of the ground and then refined. In the refining process, crude oil is heated and separated to make different products.
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Fossil FuelsWhat Are Fossil Fuels? Pg. 676-679
6. Energy-rich substances formed from the remains of once-living organisms are called ____.
fossil fuels
7. List the three major fossil fuels.
a.Coal
b.Oil
c.Natural gas
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels8. Energy-rich chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are called ____.
hydrocarbons
9. Flowchart:
Left: Hydrogen + Carbon + ______
Oxygen
Right: _____ + _______ = Energy
Carbon Dioxide + Water
10. A solid fossil fuel formed from plant remains is _____.
coal
11. Today, coal provides 23 percent of the energy used worldwide.
False
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels12. The major use of coal is to fuel factories.
False
13. Sentences that are true about coal as an energy source.•It provides a lot of energy when burned.
14. How can coal mining harm the environment?
It can increase erosion and run-off from mines can cause water pollution.
15. Another name for oil---the thick,black,liquid fossil fuel– is ______ .
petroleum
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels16. Sentences that are true about petroleum. •Petroleum fuels most cars, airplanes, trains, and ships.•The United States consumes a third of all the petroleum produced in the world.•Finding oil is difficult.
17. Scientists can use ______ to test an area for oil without drilling.
sound waves
18. When oil is first pumped out of the ground, it is called _____.
crude oil
19. A factory where crude oil is separated into fuels and other products by heating is called a(n) ____.
refinery
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels20. Compounds that are made from oil are called _____.
petrochemicals
21. Sentences that are true about natural gas.•It produces a lot of energy.•It is highly flammable.
22. Because natural gas is less dense than oil, it often rises above an oil deposit.
True
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels23. Fossil fuels are considered a renewable resource.
False
24. Sentences that are true about the supply of fossil fuels.• Fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form.• New sources of energy are needed to replace decreasing
fossil reserves.
Energy Resources
Fuels and Electricity
The circle graph shows which energy sources are used to produce electricity in the United States.
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Fuels and Electricity
The percentage of total U.S. electricity that is produced using the labeled energy source
Reading Graphs:
What does each wedge of the circle represent?
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Fuels and Electricity
Coal
Interpreting Data:
Which energy source is used to generate most of the electricity in the United States?
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Fuels and Electricity
70.8% (59.3% coal, 9.3% natural gas, 2.2% petroleum)
Drawing Conclusions:
What percentage of the electricity production in the United States relies on fossil fuels?
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Fuels and Electricity
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas might decrease because they are in limited supply; nuclear and hydroelectric energy sources might increase to replace fossil fuels.
Predicting:
How might the circle graph differ 50 years from now? Give reasons to support your prediction.
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Links on Fossil Fuels
Click the SciLinks button for links on fossil fuels.
- Fossil Fuels
Energy Resources
Write two questions that you have about the diagram “Harnessing the Sun’s Energy” in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then, answer your questions.
Q. How does the house capture solar energy?
A. Active solar collectors on the roof, large windows on the south and west sides that act as passive solar collectors
Q. What does the equipment that is on the roof do?
A. Active solar cells on the roof generate electricity that can be stored in a battery in the basement.
Solar House
Q. What is the difference between active and passive solar heating systems?
A. Both convert sunlight into thermal energy, but only active systems use pumps and fans to distribute heat.
- Renewable Sources of Energy
Previewing Visuals
Energy Resources
Harnessing the Sun’s EnergyPassive and active solar systems convert solar energy into heat and electricity in a solar house.
- Renewable Sources of Energy
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of EnergyHarnessing the Sun’s Energy Pg. 682-683
1.What is solar energy?
It is energy from the sun.
2. The sentence that is true about solar energy.•It is the source of most other renewable energy resources.•It will not run out for billions of years.•It is available only when the sun is shinning.
3. How do some solar plants capture energy and use it to generate electricity?
Rows of giant mirrors focus the sun’s rays to heat a tank of water. The water boils, making steam that can be used to generate electricity.
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of Energy4. Solar energy can be converted directly into electricity in a
solar cell.
True
5. What are cells used to power?
They are used to power calculators, lights, and other small devices.
6. Solar heating systems convert sunlight into mechanical energy.
False
7. Concept Map:
Passive
Active
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of Energy8. How do active solar heating systems differ from passive
solar heating systems?
Active solar heating systems use fans and pumps to distribute the heat.
Hydroelectric Power Pg. 684
9. List other renewable sources of energy besides the sun.
A. Water
B. Wind
C. Biomass
D. Geothermal energy
E. Hydrogen
10. Electricity produced by flowing water is called ____.
hydroelectrical power
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of Energy11. Hydroelectrical power is the least widely used source of
renewable energy in the world today.
False
12. What are two limitations on hydroelectric power in the United States.
Most of the suitable rivers have already been dammed, and dams can have negative effects on the environment.
Capturing the Wind Pg. 684-685
13. Sentences that are true about wind energy.• It is the fastest-growing of the world’s electricity.• In some places it is the major source of power.
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of Energy14. Most places have winds that blow steadily enough to be a
worthwhile energy source.
False
Biomass Fuels Pg. 685
15. Fuels made from living things are called ____.
biomass fuels
16. Sentences that are true about biomass fuels• They include leaves, food wastes, and manure.• They can be converted to other fuels.• They are renewable resources.
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of EnergyTapping Earth’s Energy Pg. 686
17. Intense heat from Earth’s interior is called ____.
Geothermal energy
18. Geothermal energy is an unlimited source of cheap energy.
True
19. Drawing.
Energy Resources
Tapping Earth’s Energy
- Renewable Sources of Energy
A geothermal power plant uses heat from Earth’s interior as an energy source to produce electricity.
Energy Resources
Renewable Resources of EnergyThe Promise of Hydrogen Power Pg. 687
20. What is the obstacle to use hydrogen as a fuel?
It takes more energy to obtain pure hydrogen than is produced by burning the hydrogen.
Energy Resources
Renewable Energy Resources
Click the Video button to watch a movie aboutrenewable energy resources.
- Renewable Sources of Energy
Energy Resources
Links on Renewable Energy
Click the SciLinks button for links on renewable energy.
- Renewable Sources of Energy
Energy Resources
Comparing and ContrastingAs you read, compare fission and fusion reactions in a Venn diagram like the one below. Write the similarities in the space where the circles overlap and the differences on the left and right sides.
Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion
Uses uraniumReleases
large amounts of energy
Uses hydrogen
- Nuclear Energy
Splits nucleiCombines nuclei
Loses small amounts of
mass
Produces energy
Energy Resources
Nuclear FissionNuclear fission is the splitting of an atom’s nucleus into two smaller nuclei.
- Nuclear Energy
Energy Resources
Nuclear EnergyIntroduction Pg. 690
1.The central core of an atom that contains the proton and neutrons is called the ____.
nucleus
2. Concept map:
Fission
FusionNuclear Fission Pg. 690-691
3. Nuclear reactions convert matter into energy.
True
4. What formula, developed by Albert Einstein, describes the relationship between energy and matter?
E=mc2
Energy Resources
Nuclear Energy
5. The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into two smaller nuclei is called ____.
nuclear fission
6. In a controlled nuclear chain reaction, the energy released as heat can be used o generate electricity.
True
Energy Resources
Nuclear Power PlantsIn a nuclear power plant, the heat released from fission reactions is used to change water into steam. The steam then turnsthe blades of a turbine to generate electricity.
- Nuclear Energy
Energy Resources
Nuclear EnergyNuclear Power Plants Pg. 692-693
7. How is electricity produced in a nuclear power plant?
The heat released from the reactions is used to change water into steam. The steam then turns the blades of a turbine to generate electricity.
8. Reactor vessel
B- it is where nuclear fission occurs
9. Fuel rod
A- it contains the uranium
10. Control rod
C- it controls the reactions
Energy Resources
Nuclear Energy11. Heat exchanger
D- it changes hot water to steam
12. When fuel rods in a nuclear power plant generate to much heat that they start to melt, the condition is called a(n) ______.
meltdown
13. Why is it difficult to dispose of radioactive wastes produced by power plants?
It is difficult because they remain dangerous for many thousands of years.
Energy Resources
The Quest to Control FusionIn nuclear fusion, two hydrogen nuclei combine to create a helium nucleus, which has slightly less mass than the two hydrogen nuclei. The lost mass is converted to energy.
- Nuclear Energy
Energy Resources
Nuclear EnergyThe Quest to Control Fusion Pg. 694
14. The combining of two atomic nuclei to produce a single larger nucleus is called _____.
nuclear fusion
15. Sentences that are true about nuclear fusion.•The fuel it needs is readily available.•It should produce less radioactive waste than nuclear fission.
Energy Resources
Nuclear Power Plant Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about nuclear power plants.
- Nuclear Energy
Energy Resources
What You Know
What You Learned
Using Prior KnowledgeBefore you read, write what you know about energy efficiency and conservation in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn.
1. I can turn off lights to conserve energy.2. I can walk instead of riding in a car when possible.
1. One way to preserve our current energy resources is to increase efficiency.
2. One method of increasing efficiency of heating and cooling systems is to use insulation.
3. Compact fluorescent bulbs use about one fourth as much energy as incandescent light bulbs.
- Energy Conservation
Energy Resources
Energy ConservationIntroduction Pg. 695
1.What are two ways to preserve our current energy sources?
One way is to increase the efficiency of our energy use. Another way is to conserve energy whenever possible.Energy Efficiency Pg. 696-697
2. The percentage of energy from a fuel that is actually used to perform work is its _____.
efficiency
3. What happens to the energy from a fuel that is not used to preform work?
Most of the rest of the energy is “lost” to the surroundings, usually a heat.
Energy Resources
Energy Conservation4. A layer of material that helps block the transfer of heat between the air inside and the air outside a building is called ____.
insulation
5. How does insulation work?
It traps air, and this layer of trapped air helps keep the building from losing or gaining heat from the outside.
6. Circle the best material for insulation.
Fiberglass
7. Why do new windows have two panes of glass with space between them?
The air between the panes of glass acts as insulation to help prevent heat loss through the windows.
Energy Resources
Energy Conservation8.Incandescent light bulbs waste less energy than compact fluorescent bulbs.
False
9. How have engineers improved the energy efficiency of cars?
Engineers have designed better engines and tires.
10. What are some ways to reduce the number of cars on the road?
Communities can maintain public transit systems that provide an alternative to driving. They also can encourage carpooling.
Energy Resources
Energy ConservationEnergy conservation means reducing energy use.
- Energy Conservation
Energy Resources
Energy Conservation11. Reducing energy use is called ______.
energy conservation
12. Sentences that describe a way you can reduce your personal energy use.•Walk or ride a bike for short trips.•Recycle
Energy Resources
Energy ConservationKey Terms
1.Fuel
2.Petrochemical
3.Petroleum
4.Reactor vessel
5.Refinery
6.Meltdown
7.Efficiency
8.Insulation
9.Conservation
10.Hydroelectric
11.Gasohol
12.hydrocarbon
Energy Resources
Graphic Organizer
Pollutes air
Produces large amounts of energy
Renewable, does not pollute Requires sunshine
Renewable, does not pollute
Requires steady winds, generators noisy
Dams cause environmental harm
Renewable, does not pollute
Limited availability, deep drilling expensive
Produces huge amount of energy
Coal
Oil
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Nuclear
Energy Type Advantage Disadvantage
Easy to transport
Nonrenewable
No pollution
Radioactive waste