T7 B16 FAA Criminal Acts Fdr- AA Report- Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation- Year 2000 Review183

8/14/2019 T7 B16 FAA Criminal Acts Fdr- AA Report- Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation- Year 2000 Review183

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Crim inal Acts AgainstCivil AviationYear 2000 Review

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This document supports American Airlines Flight Training and isintended for train ing use only. The information contained herein iscorrect as of the publication date, however, i t may not reflect futurechanges in source material. Refer to the appropriate AmericanAirlines flight publications for authorized information on all lineoperations.

Information in this document was published by the Federal Aviation Administration,Office of Civil Aviation Security.

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Table of ContentsP a g eFOREWORD 1

2000 IN REVIEW 3Geographic Overviews - Signi f icant Cr imina l Acts Ag ainst C ivil Av iat ion 7

Asia an d th e Pacific 8Central Eurasia 1 6Europe 20Latin A merica and the Caribbean 24Middle East an d No rth Afr ica 28N o r t h America 32Sub-Saharan Africa 36tFeature Articles 39Th e Hi jack ing of Ariana Afghan Air lines Flight 805 40Theft of Cargo by Armed Assault - 2000 42

Trends 1996-2000 43Introduction 44Attacks at Airports 45Bombings/At tempted Bombings/Shoot ings on Civil Aviat ion A ircraf t 47Shootings at In-Flight Aircraft 47Off-Airpor t Facility Attacks 49Incidents Involving General Aviation/Charter Aviation 49Hijackings of Civi l Aviation Aircraf t 50Commandeerings of Civil Aviation Aircraft 52

Appendices 55Appendi x A U.S.-Registered Air Carrier Hij ackin g Ch ronology , 1996-2000 56Appendix B Foreign-Registered A ir Carrier Hijacking Chronology, 1996-2000 57Appendix C Bombings of Aircraft Chronology, 1996-2000 61Appendi x D Chronology of Significant Acts A gainst Civil Av iation In 2000 By Date 62Appendix E Ch ronology of Sign ificant Acts Against Civil Aviation In 2000 By Category 64Appendix F Total Incidents, 1996-2000 67Appendix G Politically-Motivated Incidents Invo lving Civil Aviation, 1996-2000 70

Charts an d G r a p h s 73

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FOREWORDCriminal Acts Against Civil Aviation is a p u b l i c a t i o n o f th e Federal A v i a t i o n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ' s Off ice o f C i v i lAvia t i on S e cu r i ty . T h i s do cu m e n l re co r ds i n c i de n t s t ha t have taken place against c i v i l a v i a t i o n aircraf t and interes tsw o r l d w i d e . Criminal Acts has been pu bl i shed each yea r s ince 1986. Inc idents recorded in this report ares u m m a r i z e d i n regiona l geograph ic overv iews . Fea ture a r t i c les focus on case his tories or on spec i f i c a v i a t i o n -re lated i s sues . Inc idents ar e also sorted in t o o n e o f seven ca tegor ies an d compared over a f ive-year per iod. Inaddi t ion, charts an d graphs have been prepared to assist th e reader in i n t e rp re t i ng th e data. The cu tof f da te fo rin forma t ion in this report is December 31,2000.O n e ch a n ge in t h i s year's edi t i on is t h a t th e Asia geographic area has been renamed as "As ia and the Pacif ic." Thishas been done to be t ter re f l e c t the inc iden ts tha t occ ur i n the region . In addi t i on , a correc ted page for an i n c i d e n tth a t appeared in las t year 's issue has a lso been added a n d ca n b e f o u n d a t the end of the "Europe" geograph ica l a reasec t ion .The i n f o r m a t i o n co n t a i n e d in this p u b l i c a t i o n is der ived from a var ie ty o f foreign an d do m e s t ic s o u r ce s . I n m a n ycases, h o w e v e r , spec i f i c de t a i l s o f a par t i cu l a r inc id en t m a y n o t b e ava i lab le , e specia l ly if i t occurs ou ts ide th eUni ted Sta tes. W hi le every ef for t has been made to p r o v i de co m p l e te an d accurate i n f o r m a t i o n , i t i s not a l w a ysposs i b l e t o ve r i fy a cco u n t s o f some inc idents .T h e F A A m a i n t a i n s records of aircraf t hi jackings , bom bing a t t a cks , and o ther s ign i f i can t cr im ina l a c t s aga ins t c iv i lan d general av ia t ion interests worldwide , which ar e used to compi l e this report. Offenses such as these representserious threats to a v i a t i o n safe ty and, i n those inc idents i n v o l v i n g U.S.ai r carriers o r fac i l i t ies o u t s i de t h e U n i t e dStales, arc of t en i n t ended as symb ol i c a t t a cks aga ins t th e U n i t e d States.H i j a c k i n g a n d co m m a n de e r i n g i n c i de n t s a re v i ew e d w i t h i n the con text of the U .S . Federal c r imina l s ta tu te (49 USC1472 ( i ) ) , w hich def ines a i r p i racy a s any se izure or exerc i se of con t ro l , by force or v io lence or t hrea t o f force o rv io lence , or by any o ther form of i n t imida t ion , and wi th w rong fu l i n t en t , of any aircraf t . This report does notdis t inguish be tween an act o f air piracy and an at tempted act of air piracy fo r stat ist ical purposes.Th e 2000 issue of Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation is ava i lab le on the w o r l d w i de w e b a tH T T P : / / C A S F A A G O V / C R I MA C T S . T he 1996 through 1999 Crimacts reports ar e also a v a i l a b l e o n t h i s w eb site.Char t s , maps , and so me photos of the more recen t repor t s w i l l be i n co lor on the web s i te .

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2000 IN REVIEW

Central Eurasia (4)Middle East (8) North America (1)

Latin America (5)

Europe (2) Asia (19)Africa (3 )

Incidents Against Aviation - 2000By Region 42 Incidents

Forty-two incidents invo lving attacks ag ains t civ il aviation interests world wide occurred in 2000, totaling th ehighest numbe r of incid ents since 1994, w hen 50 were recorded. The 42 incidents exceed by 18 the number ofincidents recorded in 1999 an d nearly doubles th e lowest incident total (22), recorded in 1998, for the f ive-yearperiod 1996-2000. Th e sh arp increase in incidents in 2000 was the result of more hi jackings (20 v ice 1 1 in 1999)and airport attacks (13 vice 0). Interestingly, there was no "spate" of ei ther hi jackings or airport at tack s in any onecountry in 2000, as has happened in the past.Th e most incide nts in a geographic region in 2000 was recorded in the Asia and the Pacific region (19 incidents) .The M iddle East /North A frica area recorded the second-highest number of incidents (8). The Latin America andCaribbean region accounted fo r f ive incidents, an d four incidents were recorded in Central Eurasia. Th e sub-Saharan Africa region accounted fo r three incidents, Europe recorded tw o incidents, and the North A merica regionlisted on e incident. A ll geographic regions recorded at least on e incident in 2000, unlike last year. As in years past,hijackings accounted fo r th e highe st percentage of incidents (47.6%) in 2000.The 1 9 incidents recorded in Asia an d th e Pacific in 2000 included e ight airport attacks, si x hi jackings , threecommandeering incidents, a charter flight hi jacking,and a general aviation aircraft robbery. The airport attacksincluded tw o bombings in th e Phi l ipp ines , a bombing and an at tempted bomb ing in Laos, guerrilla assaults in thePhi l ipp ines an d Indonesia, and an attempted bombing and an airport takeover in Indones ia . Each of the sixhijackings was committed during a domestic flight. Tw o of the hijackings occurred in China, tw o were in PapuaNew Guinea , and one took place in th e Phi l ipp ines (i n which th e hijacker jumped from the plane using a homemadeparachute and was ki l l ed) . O ne hi jack ing also occurred in Afghanistan, in wh ich m ul t ip le hi j ackers forced th e planeto London, Eng l and , where a n um ber of passengers requested asylum . Th e three commandeering incidents lookplace in China , th e Solomon Islands, an d Pakistan. The charter aircraft hijacking occurred in Thai land and the

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general aviation incident in Australia. The charter aviation hijacking and the Solomon Islands commandeering arepolit ically-motivated incidents.Two of the four incidents that took place in Central Eurasia in 2000 were hijackings. Each occurred during adomestic fl ightone in Azerbaijan and the other in Russia. In th e Russian incident, th e plane wa s diverted to Israel.The Azerbaijan hijacking is a polit ically-motivated incident. Other incidents included an attempted bombing at anairport in Russia and an explosive device found on a plane in Russia following a trip from Uzbekistan. Th e devicewas discovered after th e plane had landed.The two incidents recorded in Europe during 2000 were hijackings, each taking place on an international flight.One hijacking,committed by an individual seeking asylum, occurred as the plane was landing in England enroutefrom Switzerland. The other hijacking wa s committed by a man being deported from Belgium to the Ivory Coast,an d th e plane was diverted to Spain.

Commandeerings Attempted Bombing(4) ofAircraft (1)

Hijackings (20)^ ^ \HAirport Attacks (13)Charter Aviation (3) Shootings at Planes

(1)

Worldwide CivilAviation Incidents - 2000By Category

Five incidents took place in the Latin America and the Caribbean region during 2000. These incidents includedthree hijackings, anairport attack, and a general aviation commandeering. Each of the hijackings involved planeson domestic routes: two in Colombia and one in Venezuela. In each of the Colombian hijackings, an escortedprisoner produced a weapon and forced the plane to land. The Venezuelan hijacking was committed by eight menwho, after forcing th e plane to land, stole money from the cargo hold. Colombia was also the site of the airportattack, which involved a guerrilla assault that forced an in-bound flight to divert an d caused th e airport to closetemporarily. The general aviation commandeering also occurred in Venezuela and involved a kidnapping.Seven of the eight incidents recorded in the Middle East and North Africa geographic region in2000 werehijackings. Tw o of the hijackings occurred aboard Iranian planes flying domestic routes; one of the incidents wascommitted by multiple hijackers seeking asylum fo r their families. Another hijacking of a domestic flight occurredin Egypt. Each of the four remaining hijackings involved international flights: on e each departing from Jordan,Qatar, Saudi Arabia, an d Yemen. Th e hijackingsof the planes departing from Qatar an d Saudi Arabia arepolitically-motivated incidents. In the Jordan incident, the hijacker wa s shot an d killed and a grenade he wascarrying exploded, slightly injuring 15 people. The other incident in this region was a rebel assault on an airport inthe Sudan.


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A commandeering incident was recorded in N o r t h America. A n indiv idua l tried to force his way on to a plane aiJ i :K Internat ional A i rpo r t in New York.Th e sub-Saharan A frica region recorded three inc iden ts in 2000: tw o airport attacks and an aircraft tha t was firedupon. The airport attacks included a bo mbin g in South A f n c a and an assault by ant igovcrnment rebels in A n g o l a.The shooting at aircraft incident occurred in Burun d i as the plane was landing. A ntigovemm enl rebels were blamed.

A r c h i v e PhoiosDamaged Vehicle Near Site Of Bomb Blast, Manila Airport, The Philippines, 12/30/00

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Geographic Overviews -Significant Criminal Acts

AgainstCivil Aviation

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Asia and the Pacific

Afghanistan (1)

The Phillipines (4)

Papua New Guinea (2)

Solomon Islands (1)

Australia (1)

Incidents included in statistics (19)Incidents not included in statistice (1)


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Chrono l ogyJ a n u a r y 20February 6February 29M a r c h 14March 14M ay 3M a y 2 2M ay 25J u n e 4J u l y 2 7J u l y 30J u l y 31A u g u s t 1Scplember 16September 27November 1N o v e m b e r 9November 1 7December 17December 30

G e n e ra l A v i a t i o n Airc r a f t RobberyH i j a c k i n g A r i ana Afghan A i r l ine sH i j a c k i n g C h i n a Southwes t A i r l ine sA t l cmp ted B o m b i n g Jakarta Airpor tA t t a c k Salle Airpor tAttack Cotabato AirportH i j a c k i n g Miss ionary Av ia t ion Fe l lowsh ipH i j a c k i n g Ph i l ipp ine A i r l i n e sB o m b i n g M a n i l a Airpo r tAbdu c t ion o f P i lo tsA t t emp ted B o m b i n g Vien t iane Airpor tC o m m a n d e e r in g C a t h ay P ac i f i c A i r w ay sTakeover Wa m e n a AirportCom m andee r ing Solomon Airl inesHi jack ing X i n h u a Air l ine sHi jack ing Nor th Coast Aviat ionBo m b i n g Vien t i ane Airpor tChar t e r A i r c r af t H i jack ingCom m andee r ing Pak is tan International AirlinesB om bing Ma ni la A irport

A u s t r a l i aAfghan i s t an to Eng landCh inaIndonesiaN e p a lPhilippinesP ap u a N e w G u i n e aP h i l i p p i n e sP h i l i p p i n e sFi j i LaosChinaIndonesiaSolomon I s l andsChinaP ap u a N e w G u i n e aLaosThai l andPaki s t anPhilippines

Incident No t Coun ted in Stat is t ics

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January 20,2000General Aviation Aircraft RobberyAustraliaTwo men armed with shotguns fled with cash an d documents after holding up a l ight aircraft moments after it landedat Brewarrina Airport in New South Wales. Th e men, clad in overalls an d full-faced balaclavas, sped onto th eairport tarmacjust as the plane taxied to a halt. Th e pilot of the Navajo twin-engineaircraft and two women w howere there to collect the f l ight 's cargo were handcuffed to a nearby perimeter fence. The pilot received minorinjuries in the incident. While th e well-organized thieves targeted th e aircraft on its daily "bank run," th e cargoconsisted mostly of documents rather than a large amount of cash. Th e vehicle used in the getaway later w as foundabandoned and burned 40 kilometers from the airportFebruary 6,2000HijackingAriana Afghan AirlinesAfghanistan to EnglandAriana Afghan Airlines flight 805, a Boeing 727 aircraft carrying 166 passengers an d crew, was hijacked during adomestic f l ight between Kabul an d Mazar-l-Sharif, Afghanistan. Two and one-half hours later, th e plane landed inTashkent, Uzbekistan, where officials provided food an d fuel. Security forces surrounded th e aircraft, and tenpassengers were allowed to deplane. Th e hijacked f l ight departed for an unidentified location four hours later. Th eplane developed problems, however, and was forced to land in Aktuybinsk, Kazakhstan. Th e hijackers demandedmore fuel, food, an d assistance in repairing a fuel leak; three more passengers were also allowed to leave th eaircraft.The plane then w as f lown to Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport, an d nine more passengers were released. Th e planeleft Moscow and was Down to Siansted Airport, north of London. Authorities isolated th e aircraft an d begannegotiations. Over (h e next three days, nine more hostages were released. On February 9, four men, including th epilot and first officer, escaped from a cockpit window, initiating a tense period of negotiations. Th e hijacking endedFebruary 10 with th e successful release of the remaining hostages.

AP/Widc World PhotosHijacked Aircraft, Stansted Airport, London

Eighiy-nine of Jhe 166 passengers an d crew members requested asylum in Britain, while th e other 77 peoplereturned to Afghanistan. Of the 89 people who remained, 12 were charged in connection wi th th e hijacking an dwere await ing trial at the end of the year. Some of the 77 people w ho requested asylumhad their requests approved,but most requests were refused. Nevertheless, 88 of the 89 passengers an d crew members still remained in Britain atthe end of th e year.February 29, 2000HijackingChina Southwest AirlinesChinaA Chinese man was overpowered after trying to hijack a domestic China Southwest Airlines flight. The plane w asen route to the southwestern coastal city of Fuzhou from Chengdu vi a Nanchang,where th e hijacker had boarded.


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Shor t ly before th e plane was to land in Fuzhou, the m an pulled out a bottle of gasoline, a cigarette l i gh te r , and aknife. H e demanded that the B-737 aircraft be flown to Taiwan an d reportedly threaiened crew members with theknife. Th e hijacker w as overpowered by crew members, however, and the plane landed safely at Fuzhou Airpor t .Extra security personnel were on hand to take charge of the aircraft an d hijacker . Subsequent reporting suggestedthai Chinese security officers who may have been on the flight, rather than crew members, had overpowered theh i jacker . The hi jacker w as reported to have a history of mental problems. H e apparently felt slighted by hissupervisors at the Agricultural Technical Department and believed that Taiwan would be a better place to work.March 14,2000Attempted BombingJakarta AirportIndonesiaA worker at Soekamo-Hatta International Airport discovered three Molo tov cocktails under a bank billboard at th eentrance gate of Terminal II. The incendiary devices had not ignited and were turned over to security off icials at theairport. There were no claims of responsibility.March 14,2000AttackSalle AirportNepalN ep a l e s c Maoisi rebels unsuccessfu l ly attempted to capture Salle Airport. Windows of the airport were broken an dthere was damage to police assets, but there were no injuries. Flights to the airport were not impeded by th e attack.May 3, 2000AttackCotabato AirportPhilippinesA w a n g Airport in Cotabato, Maguindanao province, located on the southern island of Mindanao, was closed byauthor it ies after it came under fire from Muslim guerrillas. Th e airport is a dual-use military an d civi lian faci l i ty.Before dawn, suspected Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) guerrillas attacked th e Philippine Army 6* InfantryDivision headquarters at Camp Tiangco, located next to the airport. The guerrillas fired three B-40rocket-propelledgrenades (RPG). One RPG exp loded beside th e runway of the airport. There were no casualties, bu t airpor toperations were temporari ly halted. Philippine Airlines also cancelled its fl ights between Manila an d th e cit ies ofColabato an d General Santos. Awang Airport subsequently w as ordered closed until May 9 by aviat ion authori ties .May 22, 2000HijackingMissionary Aviation FellowshipPapua New GuineaThree m en hijacked an aircraf t belonging to Missionary Aviat ion Fellowship during a domestic passenger f l ightfrom Eravc to Batiri in Southern Highlands Province. Once the aircraft was airborne, the hijackers tore out theplane's communications equipment an d then stole a small sum of money from th e passengers an d crew. Th ehijackers subsequently forced th e pilot to land th e aircraft in Erave, where they deplaned an d escaped. MA F flightsto Erave, Batiri, an d W a w a n d a were suspended in the wake of the incident .M a y 25,2000HijackingPhilippine AirlinesPhilippinesPhilippine Airlines flight 812, an Airbus A330 aircraft with 284 passengers and 14crew members, was hijackedduring a domestic f l ight . Th e plane w as en route from Davao International Airport to Manila's N i n o y AquinoInternational Airport. Approximately one hour into the flight, a passenger got out of his seat and went into one ofth e aircraft's restrooms. He emerged armed with a .22 caliber handgun and what was later determined to be a fakehand grenade. While on his way to the cockpit, the passenger encountered a flight attendant, pulled out thehandgun , and said that he was hijacking the plane. He subsequently fired a single shot toward the cockpit door,although it is believed t h i s w as done accidentally. Th e hijacker then ordered th e f l ight attendant to ask the pilot toopen the door.Once inside th e cockpit, the man threatened to blow up the aircraft if his demands were no t met. Thehijackerinsisted that th e plane return to Davao bu t was told that there was not enough fuel. The man then collected moneyfrom the passengers and crew and demanded that the rear door be opened so that he could jump out using ahomemade parachute . Afte r th e cabin w as depressurized, a f l ight at tendant opened th e left rear door and thehijacker jumped oui. The crew continued the flight on to Manila, where the plane landed safely. There were noinjur ies to the passengers or crew members.

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Plane In Hanger With Broken Door On FloorTh e hijacker was killed in his jump from an altitude of 6,000 feet because th e parachute apparently malfunctioned.His body wa s discovered embedded in the ground about 15 kilometers east of Manila; th e parachute wa s foundabout a kilometer from the body.June 4, 2000BombingManila AirportPhilippinesA bomb exploded at Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport early in the morning bu t caused no injuries. Thebomb damaged a woman's rest room near a walkway leading to th e airport parking area. Windows and glassfacades were destroyed, and a small crater wa s left in the concrete pavement. Airport authorities said the area wa snearly deserted at the time of the explosion. There were no claims of responsibility.July 27,2000Abduction of PilotsFiji *Two pilots were taken hostage by supporters of Fiji coup leader George Speight at the airport in Savusavu, a smalltown on the southern coast of the island of Vanua Levu. At least one of the hostage-takers was armed, but the pilotswere no t injured in the incident. Th e hostages were taken briefly to a hotel in Savusavu and then moved to a nearbyvillage. There were no demands announced by the hostage-takers,and the pilots were subsequently released. Thiswa s the first time that foreigners ha d been taken hostage by supporters of Speight.July 30,2000Attempted BombingVientiane AirportLaosA small improvised explosive device was discovered an d defused in a rest room at the domestic terminal atVientiane's Wattay Airport. The device was fabricated from a hand grenade. There were no claims ofresponsibility for the attack. A number of people were arrested, but it is not known ho w they were connected to theincident.July 31,2000CommandeeringCathay Pacific AirwaysChinaHong Kong police arrested a man who held a female hostage on board a Cathay Pacific Airways aircraft that wasparked at the Hong Kong International Airport. Th e man, armed with a pistol, forced his way through a staffsecurity checkpoint on the south side of the passenger terminal to the apron. The suspect then ran toward a parkingstand and forced a cleaning woman to board theplane. The only other person then on board was an engineer whoremained trapped in the cockpit unt i l the incident was over. Th e gunman likely did not know that the engineer wasaboard. No passengers were on the plane because the incident happened several hours before the flight was due to


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l eave fo r Paris, France. During nego t i a t ions w i t h authori t ies, ih e gunman threa tened lo k i l l h is h o s t a g e ( the c l ean i ngw o m a n ) a n d d em an d ed lo be f lown to Myanmar (Burma) . A f t e r 2 'A h o u r s , th e hos tage - take r surrende red to policean d th e c l e a n in g w o m a n w as re le a sed unha rmed. This w a s t h e first hos tage - tak ing inc iden t to occur a t the airportsince it opened in 1998A u g u s t 1 , 2 0 0 0 T a k e o v e r W a m e n a Ai r p o r t I n d o n es i aApprox ima te ly 100 members of the Papua Task Force (RTF), an Irian Jaya pro- independence c i v i l i a n mili t ia , tookover a n airport in the h i g h l a n d s to w n o f Wamena, capita l of J a y a w i j a y a distr ict, Irian Jaya. T h e P T F membersrepor ted ly cam e to Ih e a i rpor t fo l low ing rumors tha t refugees f leeing vio lence w e re to arrive by a i rc ra f t f romIndones ia ' s M a l u k u Islands. PTF members a rmed w i th bows , a r rows , a nd clubs forced the ir w ay past a irportsecuri ty. They set up t he i r ow n gua rds a t the airport ' s entrances and ex i t s , a s w e l l as in the w a i t i n g room and check-in areas. Dozens of PT F members ransacked th e luggage of passengers bound for Jayapura, the provincia l capita l ofIr ian J a y a . Passengers seeking to buy tickets were e i the r searched or o the rwise prevented from depar t ing. OnAugus t 5, police regained control of the airport .S e p t e m b e r 16 , 2 0 0 0 C o m m a n d e e r i n g S o l o m o n A i r l i ne sS o lo m o n I s l a ndsA 16-seat B r i t te n N o rm a n Is lander a i rc ra f t and i t s p i lo t w e r e seized by a faction of the I s a t abu F r ee d o m M o v e m e n t( I F M ) mil i t i a group . Th e inc iden t happened fo l lowing t he p la ne ' s scheduled l anding a t an i so la ted a i rs t r ip inB abanak i ra on the i s l and of Gua da lcana l . The IFM fact ion d e m a n d e d t w o mi l l i on Solomon do l la rs for th e p i l o t ' sre lease and se t a dead line of September 19. The IF M a lso thre a tened to kill t he p i lo t and b low up the ai rcraf t i f thedemand w as no t me t . A n IFM spokesman sa id tha t t he h i jacking was a re su lt o f dissat isfact ion o v e r th e f a i lu r e ofth e deputy pr ime minis te r to fulfill th e m a n y promises h e h a d made. T h e commandee r ing took p lace jus t t h re e daysaf ter th e Solomon Islands government h a d paid another mili t ia group, th e Mala i ta Eag le Force (MEF) , $180,000(Aus t ra l i an ) . The payme nt w as to encourage the M EF lo re tu rn to the i r v i ll ages on Ma la i t a i s l and a s pa r t o f peacet a lk s b e t w e e n t h e t w o m i l i t i a g ro u p s .T h e p i l o t of the c o m m a n d e e r e d p l a ne w a s subsequently re leased u n h a rm e d by the rebels on Octobe r 6 w i t h o u t th eransom having been p a id . The p lane w as bel i eved to have been h idde n in th e dense jungle and was no t recove red .This comm andee r ing i s a po l i t ica l ly -mot iva ted inc iden t .S ep t em b e r 2 7 , 2 0 0 0 H i j ac k in g X i n h u a Ai r l i n e s C h i n aA X i n h u a A i r l in e s Boe ing 737 a i rc ra f t w as h i jacked by a passenger repor ted ly a rmed w i t h a kn i fe a n d w h a t l a te rw a s d e t e rm i n e d t o be a f ake handg un. The p lane w as on a domes t ic f l igh t from B a o t o u in Inner Mongol ia toBei j ing Th e hi jacke r demanded lo be taken "south," and ih e crew compl ied in orde r not to endanger th e sa fe ty ofth e passengers. A s t h e aircraft neared Jinan, Shandong Province , th e aircraft w a s l o w on fuel . Th e hi jacke rrepor ted ly panicked a nd stabbed both th e capta in a nd copilot . H e w a s subsequently shot and kil led by a Chinese ai rmarsha l . Th e copi lot , despite h is stab w o u n d s , w as able to land th e p lane a t J i n a n A i rp o r t .N o v e m b e r 1, 2000HijackingNorth Coast A v i a t io n P a p u a N e w G u i n e aA North Coast A via t ion a i rc ra f t en rou te f rom Wau to Port Moresby was hi jacked and i ts cargo of gold stolen Tw om e n a rmed w i t h guns forced the p i lo t to l and a t Ga ra ina Airpor t , w h e r e a group o f w a . l m g men then stole the goldaboard th e p l a n e . Th e pi lo t w as u n h a rm e d a nd w a s able to f ly to Por t Moresby . A ccord ing lo police , th e p l a ne h adbeen t ranspor t ing approx ima te ly 15 ki log ram s of go ld f rom mines in the Wau a rea .N o v e m b e r 9, 2000 B o m b i n g V i e n t i a n e AirportLaosA h o m e m a d e e x p l o s i v e dcv.cc c o n t a m i n g g u n p o w d e r and bucksho t exploded outs ide the en t rance to the domes t icL-rminal a t V . c n t i a n c ' s W a t l a y A.rpor t . The device had been placed o n a b icyc le parked outs ide th e t c rm.na l Noo n e w a s k i l l e d in the a t t a ck , a l thou gh e igh t L ao bys tande rs we re in jured . Th e re w e re no c la ims of re spons ib il i ty forth e bombing, w h i c h w as a t least th e e ighth lo take p lace in the capita l since la te March

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November 17,2000Charter Aircraft HijackingThailandA Vietnamese-American chartered an aircraft at a small airport south of Bangkok on the pretext of taking flyinglessons. Once on board, however, the man told the pilot that he was carrying a hand grenade. He threatened todetonate the grenade unless the pilot diverted th e plane across the Gulf of Thailand to Ho Chi M i n h City, Vietnam.After f lying low in order to evade radar detection, the pilot was forced to make several low passes over the city asthe hijacker threw out leaflets. These leaflets resembled the South Vietnamese flag and exhorted the Vietnamesepeople to rise up against their communist leaders. En route back to Thailand, the aircraft ran low on fuel and thepilot was forced to make an emergency landing at a military airstrip in U Tapao, Thailand. The hijacker, who wasarrested upon arrival, denied that he had forced the Thai pilot to make the flight against hi s will. He claimed insteadthat th e pilot was willing to fly him to Vietnam in exchange to a cash payment of (U.S.) $10,000.The hijacker was identified as a former South Vietnamese fighter who, in September 1992, hijacked a VietnameseAirlines plane to drop anticommunist leaflets over Ho Chi Minh City. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison butwa s released by presidential amnesty in 1998 after serving six years. In January 2000, this individual alsoreportedly flew from Florida to Cuba to drop anticommunist leaflets.This charter aircraft hijacking is a politically-motivated incident.December 17,2000CommandeeringPakistan International AirlinesPakistanAn Egyptian passenger tried to commandeer a London-bound Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) flight fromKarachi during a stopover in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Security officials determined that the man was carryinga false Belgian passport and advised him that he could travel no further. The man then pulled out a butter knife,grabbed an oxygen bottle, and demanded to be flown to London. The pilot was not on board the plane at mis time,and the passenger demanded that he return. A security official dressed in a pilot's uniform boarded the plane, and(he passenger was subsequently overpowered and arrested. Authoritiesin Dubai, however, declined to presscharges. On December 19, the man, his wife, and two children were deported to Pakistan accompanied by PIAsecurity officials.December 30,2000BombingManila AirportPhilippinesFive explosive devices detonated almost simultaneously in the metropolitan Manila area during the afternoon,kill ing 11 people and injuring more than 80 others. One of the devices exploded near the aviation fuel storage depotat the cargo terminal of Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The cargo terminal building was damaged in theexplosion, and three cargo company employees were injured.While no credible claims for the bombings were received, Philippine government officials attributed the attacksvariously to Muslimseparatists; communist rebels; and both supporters and opponents of Philippine PresidentEstrada, who was being impeached on charges of bribery and graft at the time of the attacks.


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J T H I S P A G E B L A N K ]

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Central Eurasia

Azerbaijan (1)

Incidents included in statistics: 4Incidents not included in statistics: 0

Russia (3)

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ChronologyMarch 30 Attempted Bombing Sheremetyevo Airpor t Russ iaM ay 30 At tempted Bombing of Airp lane Russ iaA u g u s t 18 HijackingAzerbai jan Air l ines Azerbai janNovember 11 Hijack ingVmikovo Airlines Russia to Israel

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March 30,2000Attempted BombingSheremetyevo AirportRussiaAn explosive device wa s discovered at the flight training center of Sheremetyevo 1, which serves domestic flights,in the early morning. Th e device, reportedly consisting of a grenade and a stick of dynamite placed in ajar ofconcentraled acid, was in either a box or a bag. According to press reporting,the acid would serve as a t imingmechanism by dissolving a piece of plastic used as the safety pin of the grenade. The device was removed andremotely detonated. There was no claim of credit.Reports of another device being discovered at the same airport on February 1 5 could not be corroborated.M ay 30,2000Attempted Bombing of AirplaneRussiaRussian media reported that a homemade explosive device was discovered on board a plane at YekaterinburgAirport in Russia. A Customs officer discovered the device after the unidentified Tupolev TU-154 plane had arrivedfrom Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The device reportedly consisted of as much as 400 grams of TNT, a clock mechanism,a detonator,a battery, and connecting wires. It was hidden in a lea box in the plane's rear lavatory. Bomb disposalexperts disrupted the device with a water cannon.It is not known wh o placed th e device or what the motivation was.August 18, 2000HijackingAzerbaijan AirlinesAzerbaijanA passenger hijacked Azerbaijan Airlines flight 25 4 while the plane was on a domestic trip between Nakhichevanand Baku. Th e hijacker claimed to be armed with a hand grenade and a bottle of flammable l iquid. He demandedthat the TU-154 aircraft, w ith 1 64 passengers, be flown to Istanbul, Turkey, where he wanted to visit a hospitalizedAzcri political leader. Th e hijacker agreed to the pilot's recommendation to refuel in Tbilisi, Georgia. While theplane was still in Azeri airspace, however, the hijacker wa s overpowered by two Ministryof National Securityofficials who were on the plane. Th e plane landed in Baku, and the hijacker wa s arrested. He did not have agrenade bu t reportedly carried tw o bottlesone containing kerosene and the other an unidentified liquid.The hijacker was identified as the chairman of the Nakhichevan branch of the opposition Musavat Party. A numberof the hijacker's largely political demands, including postponing parliamentary elections until December, wereprinted in an opposition newspaper the following day. Several days after the hijacking, the editor-in-chief of thispaper was arrested and charged with terrorism for having maintained contacts with the hijacker. Documents relatingto the hijacking were reportedly in his apartment. The hijacker, however, claimed to have acted alone.This hijacking is a politically-motivated incident.November 11,2000HijackingVnukovo AirlinesRussia to IsraelVnukovo Airl ines flight 838 was seized by a hijacker during a domestic flight between Makhachkala, Dagestan, andMoscow. The hijacker claimed to have an explosive device, with which he threatened to blow up the plane, anddemanded to be taken to Israel. The plane, aTU-154 aircraft with 49 passengers and 10 crew members, landed atBaku, Azerbaijan, for refueling. While at Baku the hijacker demanded only fuel and maps and refused to negotiate,and the plane departed after about two hours. Although there was only one hijacker, confusion existed as to whetherothers were on board and what their motive was. Because the plane departed from Dagestan, it was thought thatthere might be a connection to the fighting in Chechnya.Israeli authorities initially denied permission for the plane to land at Tel Aviv because of fears that it might be blownup over the city. Because the pilot sounded "very pressured" and because of the plane's low fuel supply, authoritiespermitted the aircraft to land at the Uvda Air Force Base in the Negev Desert. An Israeli Air Force plane escortedthe hijacked plane to the base. The hijacker surrendered upon landing. It was then discovered that he was aloneandthat his "bomb" was a blood pressure gauge. The hijacker told authorities that he was fighting against worlddomination by Asians and that he wanted to deliver a message to the Japanese emperor.The plane, its passengers and crew, and the hijacker were returned to Russia.

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1TH1S P A G E B L A N K ]

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Europe

Belgium (1)

Switzerland (1)





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ChronologyMarch 27 Attempt to Crash Aircraft Canary Islands*J u l y 17 HijackingBrit ish Airways Switzerland to EnglandOctober 13 HijackingSabena Belgium to Spain* Incident Not Counted in Statistics


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March 27,2000Attempt to Crash AircraftCanary Islands *A passenger, reportedly apparently drunk , forced his way into the cockpit of LTD flight 1407 and attacked the pilot.The Boeing 737 aircraft, carrying 143 passengers and f ive crew, had been chartered by the Germ an comp any LTU.At the time of the attack, the plane was en route from Tenerife, Canary Islands, to Schoenefeld Airport in Berlin,Germa ny. The plane briefly lost altitude because of the attack on the pilot, but the copilot w as able to regain controlas other crew members and four passengers subdued the man. Because the pilot had been injured , the copilotfinished the flight to Schoenefeld without further incident. Upon landing, the attacker was taken into police custody.The m an faked a fainting spell upon being placed into custody and briefly escaped from police wh ile being takenaway in an ambulance. He was quickly recaptured and was taken to a psychiatric clinic near Berlin.Officials are not entirely sure what the man's motive was but believe he intended to crash the aircraft. The man hasbeen diagnosed with severe psychotic problems and, according to officials, it is unlikely he planned the attack beforegetting on the plane. A German court subsequen tly declined prosecution, recommending instead that the manreceive treatment.J u l y 17,2000HijackingB ritish AirwaysSwitzerland to EnglandBritish Airways City Flyer Express flight 8106 was hijacked while en route to London's Ga twic k Airport fromZurich, Switzerland. The hijacking occurred as the plane, a British Aerospace RJ 146 aircraft, was preparing fordescent into Gatwick. The hijac ker, armed with a large pair of scissors, grabbed a flight attendant by the hair andplaced the scissors blades to her throat. He apparently was distraught over having failed earlier to obtain politicalasylum in Britain. He claimed to have a bomb concealed in a "Walkman"-type cassette tape player an d threatenedto detonate it if not granted asylum. During the plane's descent, the pilot left the cockpit, convinced the man torelease the flight attendant, and calmed him . The plane made an emergency landing at Gatwick and proceeded to aremote area of the airport, where authorities arrested the hijacker. None of the flight's 95 passengers or six crewmembers was injured.October 13,2000HijackingSabenaBelgium to SpainA Nigerian man being deported from Belgium to the Iv ory Coast forced the crew of Sabena flight 689 to make anemergency landing in Malaga, Spain. During the flight from Brussels to Abidjan, police escorts released theNigerian from his restraints. Th e deportee then began slapping nearby passengers, jumped away from his escorts,and ran to the cockpit, which was reportedly unlocked. He managed to gain access to the flight deck and demandedthat the two pilots immediately land the A irbus A330-200 aircraft. He further threatened to operate as m any of thecontrols as he could if they did not comply with his demand. When the Nigerian, who apparently wanted to avoidreturning to Africa at al l costs, refused the pilots' offer to land at Marrakech, Morocco, the pilots diverted to Spain.Th e flight landed in Malaga, where the hijacker was overpowered by Spanish police. There were no reports ofinjuries among the 147 passengers and 11 crew members of the flight.

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E R R A T U MCriminal Acts Against Civil Aviation, 1999

The f o l l o w i n g rep la c es th e incident s u m m a r y that appeared o n page 20 .

February 17 ,1999 R ob b e r y o f Aircraf tBelg ium *A ccording to press reports, an armed robbery occurred on the tarmac at Brussels N a t iona l Airpo rt . Four thievesstole approximately (U.S.) $1.6 m i l l i o n from an armored ca r that w as t ransferring money to a V i r g i n Express f l ightto Londo n 's Hea throw Airpor t. The robbery occurred minutes before th e pla ne was to depart an d took very l i t t lel ime. Reports indicated that the thieves, disguised as Sabena emplo yees had forced open a locked gate. They thendrove onto the runw ay, ordered baggage han dlers to hand over conta ine rs of money , a nd escaped. The p la ne 's fivecrew members were onboard bu t w e r e u n a w a r e of th e robbery; th e plane's 33 passengers w e r e in the t e r mina l at thet ime.

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Latin America and the Caribbean

Venezuela (1)

Colombia (3)

Brazil (1)



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ChronologyFebruary 16 A t ta c k U rra o Airport ColombiaFebruary 19 Hijack ingAerotaca ColombiaJ u l y ? Robbery of Aircraft B r a z i l *Ju ly 15 General Aviat ion Commandeering VenezuelaAugus t 16 HijackingVASP Braz i lS e p t e m b e r s HijackingAires S.A. ColombiaSeptember 19 Thef t o f Airc ra f t C u b a *

* Inc iden t N o t Coun ted in Statistics


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February 16,2000AttackUrrao AirportColombiaRevolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas attacked a small airport in Urrao, a town located 16 0kilometers west of Medellin. The guerrillas took control of the airport and set off an explosive charge causingdamage to th e runway an d passenger terminal. hnAerolineas CentraJes de Colombia (ACES Colombia) flight fromMedellin w as preparing to land when th e assault occurred. Th e landing w as aborted and the plane returned toMedellin. Passengers waiting to board th e flight took shelter in a shed at the airport. None of the waitingpassengers w as hurt in the attack, but a local resident and an ACES Colombia employee were slightly injured.ACES Colombia suspended al l flights from Medellin to Urrao because of damage to the airport.February 19,2000HijackingAerotacaColombiaAn armed prisoner hijacked a Colombian Aerotransportes Casanare SA (Aerotaca) plane, forced it to land at aremote airstrip,and then fled into th e jungle with a hostage. Th e Beechcraft 1900 aircraft w as carrying 17passengers and two crew members on a domestic flight from Bucaramanga to Cucuta. The prisoner w as escortedaboard th e plane by two armed police guards but was not handcuffed. Approximately eight minutesafter takeofffrom Palo Negro Airport, th e hi jacker produced a knife. He forced th e pilots to land the plane at an airstrip near ElTomillo, located approximately1 SO kilometersnorth of Bogota. Th e hijacker then fled into th e jungle, takingon eof the guards as a hostage. A right-wing paramilitaryunit observed the plane land at the airstrip, chased and killedth e hi jacker, an d released th e hostage.July 7,2000Robbery of AircraftBrazil *A groupof 15 heavily-armed men stormed th e tarmac at Brasilia's International Airport and stole about (U.S.)5500,000 in gold from a Viacao Aerea de Sao Paulo (VASP) airliner. Th e incident occurred as the plane w as aboutto take of f with 70 passengers bound fo r Porto Alegre. Th e perpetrators entered th e tarmac area througha cargohanger and forced open the plane's cargo hold. After a brief shoot-out with airport guards, the thieves escapedthrough the cargo hanger in three cars. Gunshots pierced the hull of the airplane and scared the passengers, whowere no t aware that th e plane w as transporting gold. There were no injuries. While th e theft of cargo from airplanesis not uncommon, this incident is unique in that it involveda major ai r carrier and an international airport.July IS , 2000General Aviation CommandeeringVenezuelaThe son of the owner of Scrvivensa and Aerovias Venezolanas (Avensa) airlines was taken hostage and the plane hew as flying seized by approximately 12 individuals. The plane, a Beechcraft King 90 aircraft, was owned byScrvivensa. Shortly after th e owner's son landed th e plane on an airstrip that adjoined his property outside Valencia,Carabobo State, th e kidnappers appeared and took him and the plane with them.Th e kidnappers subsequently made several ransom demandsbut there is no information that the hostage wasreleased. Authorities believe that this incident was initiated by a Colombian drug cartel that recruited severalcriminals to steal th e plane for use in drug trafficking operations.August 16,2000HijackingVASPBrazilEight men hijacked a VASP airliner and stole th e equivalent of almost (U.S.) S3 million from th e cargo hold. Th eBoeing 737-200 aircraft had just taken off from Foz de Iguacu with 60 passengers en route to Curitiba when thehijackers took over the plane. The men forced the pilot to land on a remote airstrip in the northern forests of Paranaan d fled with th e money bags in a waiting getaway vehicle. Th e pilot then flew the plane to Londrina, which w ascloser than th e original destination,and was immediately surrounded by police units upon landing. All th e hijackershad fled from the plane at the airstrip, however. Althoughat least oneshot was fired during the incident there wereno injuries. Because the hijackers boarded the planeas passengers, police suspect that they were aided by airportemployees in smuggling aboard their weapons. Th e alleged leader of th e hijackers, a key Brazilian drug dealer, w asarrested on August 29.


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September 8, 2000HijackingAires S. A.ColombiaA n armed m an forced th e crew of Colombia ' s Aires S. A. flight 8092 to diver t f rom i ts Nieva-to-Floren cia rou te .The man, a pr isoner being transported to Florencia to stand trial, obtained a pistol hidden in one of the aircraft 'slavator ies an d t h en gained access to th e cockpi t . H e forced th e plane to land in San Vicente del Ca g u a n , an area inth e demi l i tar i zed zone tha t is controlled b y F AR C rebels. Authori ties claim that the pr isoner was a F A R C m em b eran d was taken off the aircraft in San Vicente del Caguan by the insurgency group . The plane was then al lowed toc o n t i n u e to Florencia. No ne of th e 25 passengers or cr ew was harmed. FARC dented that the p r i soner was amember o f Iheir organizat ion . The group later refused to return the hi jacker , stating that they them selves wo uld dealwith him. No fu r ther info rmat ion i s avai l able .September 1 9 , 2000Theft of AircraftCu ba *A Cuban A n t o n o v AN-2 aircraft , which w as initially reported by the Cuban government as having been hi jacked,crashed into the Gulf of Mexico. Follow ing interviews with the nine survivors (one death occurred as a result of thecrash) , U.S. authori ties concluded that there was no evidence that the commuter aircraft ha d been hijacked. Instead ,th e pilot and other passengers stole the plane to escape from Cuba. The plane ran out of fuel wh ile en rou t e to theUni t ed States and crashed into the water .

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Middle East and N orth Africa

Iran (2)

The Sudan (1)Qatar (1)

Saudi Arabia (1)Yemen (1)



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ChronologyM ar ch 30M ay 1 1J u l y SSeptember 1 4September 24September 28October 1 4November 1 3

S uda nEgyptJordanQatar to Saudi Arab iaIranYemen to Jordan

Hi j ack in g Sau d i Arabian Airlines Sau di Arabia to IraqHijackingAria tour Airl ines Iran

AttackKassala Airpor tHi j ackingEgyptAirHi j ackingRoyal Jo rda n ia nHijackingQata r AirwaysHijackingIran AirHijackingRoyal Jordanian

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March 30,2000AttackKassala AirportSudanSudanese rebels attacked the airport in the eastern Sudanese town of Kassala. Following the attack, some newssources reported that an Antonov aircraft, an ammunition depot, and the control tower ha d been destroyed.Government-run news sources denied those reports, however, stating that rockets fired by the NewDemocraticAlliance (NDA) rebels missed all targets. The attack occurred four days before peace talks between the governmentand rebels were to resume in Nairobi, Kenya. In (he two weeks preceding the attack, combined NDA and SPLAtroops had been engaging governmentarmy units on various fronts in eastern Sudan, part icularly around the Kassalaarea.May 11,2000HijackingEgyptAirEgyptA man brandisheda jar of hair gel and claimed it to be abomb on board EgyptAir flight 233 on a domestic trip fromCairo to Aswan. The hijacker told the chief flight attendant that he wanted to go to Afghanistan so that he couldfind a job. After making th e demand, the hijacker attempted to storm the cockpit of the Airbus A321 aircraft bu twas unable to gain entry and was overpowered by crew members. The plane landed in Aswan where the hijackerw as taken into custody an d charged with ai r piracy an d threatening the livesof airplane passengers. None of the 19people on the flight were injured.J u l y 5,2000HijackingRoyal JordanianJordanA Syrian national hijacked Royal Jordanian flight 435 en route to Damascus, Syria, from Amman, Jordan. Aboutte n minutes into th e flight, the hijacker told a flight attendant that he wanted th e plane, an Airbus A320 aircraft with84 passengers and 12 crew, to be diverted to Germany oranother European country. The man was armed withan"old" pistol and an "almost worn-out" hand grenade, which he had smuggled aboard the plane in a portable cassetteplayer.After the hijacker fired two shots and pulled the pin of the grenade, he was shot and killed by a Jordanianairmarshal. The grenade rolled down the aisle of the plane and detonated under a seat. The blast injured 15passengers, none seriously, and tore a 12" deep hole in the floor of the cabin of the plane. The pilot and copilotwere able to return the plane to Queen Alia International Airport inAmman.Several members of the hijacker's family were on board the plane, but they were not believed to have involvementin the hijacking. The hijacker reportedly had lived briefly in Germany and had made several attempts toreturnthere. His motive for hijacking the plane allegedly was to seek asylum because he did not want to return to Syria.September 14,2000HijackingQatar AirwaysQatar to Saudi ArabiaAn Iraqi armed with what was described as "a large knife" hijacked Qatar Airways flight 404. The plane, an AirbusA300 aircraft with 131 passengers and 1 1 crew members, was en route from Doha, Qatar, to Amman, Jordan. Thehijacking occurred as the plane was beginning its descent into Amman. The hijacker demanded that the plane landin Saudi Arabia and threatened to blow up the aircraft. The hijacker had unsuccessfully sought asylum in Qatar andwas being returned to Jordan by Qatari authorities. As Jordan routinely deports any Iraqi who arrives without properdocumentation, the hijacker feared being sent back to Iraq. Unsure whether the hijacker held a bomb, the pilotdeclared an emergency and landed at Ha'il, Saudi Arabia, where the hijacker peacefully surrendered to authorities.There were no injuries to anyone on the plane. The hijacker said that all he had was a "wooden slick, a comb, and apiece of broken mirror." The Qatar Airways flight continuedon to Amman, and the hijacker was returned to Doha.

The hijacker stood trial in Qatar and on October 31 was sentenced to serve five years in prison. According to thehijacker's lawyer, he committedhis act to draw attention to the plightof Iraqis under U.N.-imposed sanctions.This hijacking is a politically-motivated incident.


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September 24,2000HijackingIran AirIranA lone hijacker armed with a fake pistol and a gasoline bomb hijacked a domestic Iran A ir flight bound fo r Tehranfrom Shiraz The hijacker, w ho demanded to be taken to France, at tempted to start a fire on the Hokker 10 0 aircraftbu t w as quic kly overpowered by in-fl ight security officers. The plane w as diverted to th e airport at Isfahan, wherethe hijacker was handed over to authorities.September 28,2000HijackingRoyal JordanianYemen to JordanA s a Royal Jordanian flight bound from Sana'a, Yemen, w as about to land in Am man, Jordan, an Iraqi nationalpassed a note to the pilot through a flight attendant. The man indicated in the note that he had been ordered to hijackth e plane and kill the pi lot . He stated that he was carrying an explosive device but was unwilling to carry out his"mission" because he did not want "to harm Jordan or its reputation." H e also said that he wanted to meet withreporters and U.N. representatives in order to identify those who had tasked him. After the plane, an Airbus A310aircraft with 19 9 passengers, landed , the hijacker surrendered to authorities w ho determined that th e explos ivedevice he was carrying w as fake. Upon further investigation, it was determined that the man had acted alone an dprobably made up his story to seek asylum in Jordan.October 14 ,2000HijackingSaud i Arabian AirlinesSaudi Arab ia to IraqTw o armed men, both Saudi security officers employed at Jeddah's K i n g A b du l Aziz In te rnat ional Airport, hijackedSaudi Arabian A i r lines flight 1 15, bound fo r London, England. Th e hijackers initially demanded to be flown toDamascus, Syria; however, Syrian authorities refused to accept the aircraft. Iraq agreed to allow the plane, a Boeing777-200 a ircraft, to land at Baghdad, w here all of the 91 passengers and 16 crew members were released unharmed.The hijackers issued a statement dem and ing political reforms in Saudi Arabia, bu t Saudi authorities discounted an ypolitical or religious motivation for the pair. The plane and its crew and passengers returned safely to Riyadh, SaudiArabia, on October 15 , whi le th e hijackers remained in Iraqi custody.This h ijacking is a politically-motivated incident.November 13,2000HijackingAriatour AirlinesIranArmed men hijacked domestic Iranian Ariatour Airlines flight 1492, a Yakovlev YA K 40 aircraft , bound fromA hvaz to Bandar Abbas. The hijackers apparently were part of a group of four families demanding to be flown tothe United States. Th e hijacking w as foiled by members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), whichis responsible for security on Iranian flights. During the ensuing struggle, one IRGC member was shot and a secondslabbed. A flight attendant and five hijackers were also injured. The plane landed safely at Bandar Abbas Airport,an d the hijacking ended when the pilots escaped from the cockpit. The hijackers an d their fam ilies, a total of 23people, were placed under arrest.

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North America

United States (1)

*->*



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ChronologyMa r c h 16 Interference W i th F l i ght Crew U n i t e d Stales'J u l y 2 7 Comm andee r ing Nat ional Ai r l ines U ni t ed S t a tes* I n c i d e n t Not Count ed in Stat is t ics

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Ma r c h 16,2000Interference W ith Flight CrewUnited States *A passenger on board Alaska Airlines f l ight 259 forced his way into the cockpit and tried to grab the plan e'sthrot t les and fuel controls. The plane, a McDonnell Douglas 80 aircraft, was en route from Puerto Vallana, Mexico,to San Francisco, Califo rnia, with 48 passengers and crew. The passenger shouted that h e wanted to kill everyonewhen he broke through the locked cockpit door. Th e first officer s truck the passenger with th e handle o f the crashax and then struggled with him before suffering a gash on his hand. Upon hearing the captain's call for assistance,several passengers helped subdue the subject. The pilot declared an in-flighl emergency and landed at the San Jose,California, intern ation al airport. Th e passenger was arrested and taken to a h ospital for observation. Prior toentering th e flight deck, the passenger h ad been disruptive, to include changing seats, run ning in th e aisle, andpushing th e flight attendants. He also pulled a three-inch knife on another passenger but did not use it either ingaining access to or figh ting in the cockpit.Th e passenger w as indicted by a f ederal grand jury on two felony counts related to aircraft violence, each of whichcarries a possible 20-year prison sentence. A s of mid-December, how ever, prosecutors indicated that th ey werewilling to drop al l charges against th e individual conditional upon h is staying out of trouble for 18 months .Psychiatrists determined that the subject h ad been acting under the influence of a m ental disturbance influenced byencephali t is, according to media reporting.Ju l y 27,2000CommandeeringNational AirlinesUnited StatesA n armed individu al walked past a security checkpoint at New York's JFK. International Airport and on to NationalAirlines flight 019. The incident happened in Terminal 4 at approximately 2230 h ours local, as passengers wereboarding t h e Boeing 757-200aircraft for a flight to Las Vegas, Nevada. The man showed h is weapon, a Smith andWesson 10 mm h andgu n, wh en challenged by a checkpoint screener, and th en ran on to the jetway. He encountereda f l ight attendant an d ordered her to close th e plane's access door. Th e gunm an then entered th e plane behind th efirst class passenger section and immediately went to the cockpit with his gun drawn. He put the gun to the pilot'shead and ordered him to fl y south . First class passengers noticed th e man's gun as he went down the aisle and beganto leave th e plane. Flight att endants in the rear of the cabin deployed ch utes to allow other passengers to deplane.Approximately 124 of 14 2 passengers and seven crew mem bers were on the plane at the t im e of th is incident.Police arrived wi th in minutes of being notified, surrounded th e plane, and began negotiations with th e gunman. Th epilot wa s initially told by the gu nman to f ly to Miami, Florida, but the gunm an later said that he wanted t o be flownto Antarctica. He also demanded to speak to someone from the Argentine Embassy. The pilot was released shortlyafter m idnigh t and th e copilot w as released about 40 minu tes later. Th e gunman peacefully surrendered at around0330 hours local, July 28, and was taken into custody. He was arraigned in U.S. District Court, Brooklyn, on July28 andcharged with air piracy. He was ordered to undergo a psychiatric evalu ation.


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Sub-Saharan Africa

Angola (1)Burundi (1)

South Africa (1)



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ChronologyJuly 18 BombingCape Town Airport South AfricaOctober 31 Possible Shoot Down of Aircraf t Angola*December 1 Hijacking Democratic Republic of C ongo *December 4 Shooting at Aircraft B u r u n d iDecember 28 AttackB enguela Airport Angola* Incident N ol Counted in Statistics

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July 18,2000BombingCape Town AirportSouth AfricaAn explosive device detonated in a garbage can between the international and domestic departure halls at CapeTown International Airport. Th e bomb blast littered th e road and a nearby parking lo t with debris an d severelydamaged two cars. The blast even catapulted a section of the garbage can over the roof of the terminal building andon to the parking apron. Fortunately, no one was injured, partly because a heavy rain kept people inside theterminalat th e time of the explosion. No one claimed credit for the attack, but it coincided with th e appearance in court oftwo People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) members being tried in connection with urban terrorism. TheNational Director of Public Prosecutions said that he believed the bombing was "an attempt by [PAGAD] to showthey are still alive, not dead. It is a futile attempt to demonstrate what they could do..." A PAGAD spokespersonsaid that his organization was "not in the business" of planting bombs and dented the official's charges.October 31,2000Possible Shoot Down of AircraftAngola *A n Antonov AN-26 twin-engine turboprop aircraft crashed shortly after taking of f from th e airport in Saurimo,ki l l ing all 50 people aboard. Witnesses said the plane, which had been chartered, "appeared to explode" and "wentdown in flames." National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) rebels claimed to have shol downthe plane because i t was loaded with diamonds "stolen from ou r land." Angola's civil aviation an d militaryauthorities rejected the claim, however, and blamed the crash on a technical problem, as the engines appeared totally"carbonized."December 1,2000HijackingDemocratic Republic of the Congo *An AN-8 aircraft ferrying passengers and commercial goods from rebel-held Goma to Kindu was hijacked shortlyafter takeoff. The plane had just departed Goma when two passengers threatened to set off a hand grenade in thecabin. The two men, apparently former soldiers,demanded that the plane be flown to an airport in the government-held western pan of the country. A DROC rebel aboard the plane killed one of the hijackers when he tried to enterthe cockpit. The second hijacker managed to fire seven shots before being overpowered. Fortunately, the other 15people aboard the plane were not injured. The surviving hijacker was held for questioning. Authorities in Gomablamed lax security at Goma Airport for the incident.[Editor's Note: It could not be determined whether this plane was a cargo plane onwhich there were passengers or acommercial passenger aircraft. For this reason, this incident is not being counted as a commercial aviationhijacking.]December 4,2000Shooting at AircraftBurundiA Sabena flight en route from Brussels, Belgium, to Nairobi, Kenya, came under fire as it was landing at BujumburaInternational Airport. The Airbus A300-200 aircraft was hit by 13machinegun bullets when it was at an altitude ofapproximately 100 meters. The plane landed safely several minutes after being struck. Of the 15S passengers and12 crew members aboard theaircraft, only two people were slightly injured. According to the government, theattack wasperpetrated by rebels seeking publicity. Various press sources support this theory, saying ethnic Huturebels fighting the Tutsi-led government of President Pierre Buyoya operate in the vicinity of the airport. Airportemployees were quoted by th e press as saying that Hutu rebels had come close to the airport in the days precedingthe incident.December 28, 2000AttackBenguela AirportAngolaThe heavily-guarded civilianairport in Benguela was attacked, resulting in damage to the control tower, threeairplanes, and the runway. UNITA rebels claimed responsibility for the attacka firelightwhich lasted about twohours. The government, however, claimed that th e firefight actually took place outside the airport between securityforces and bandits attempting to steal cattle. The government further contended that as the gunmen fled, they fired"indiscriminately at everything," including the airport. Flights to and from the airport resumed about seven hoursafter the incident.

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Feature Articles


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The Hijacking of Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 805Ariana Afghan Airlines flight 805 was hijacked during a domestic flight by a dozen Afghan men on the morning ofFebruary 6. While the plane was en route between Kabul, Afghanistan, and the city of Mazar-e-Sharif,Afghanofficials from the Taliban-ruled government announced that radio contact with the flight had been lost. A searchwas launched over the H i n d u Kush mountains along the flight path of the plane. While the search was in progress,the plane, with 15 3 passengers and a crew of 13, landed in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where it remained fo r about fourhours. Security forces surrounded the aircraft and, although initially hesitant, Uzbek officials agreed to provide foodan d fuel demanded by the hijackers. Ten passengers also were allowed to deplane.The aircraft then departed Tashkent for an undisclosed location. By this time, die Taliban had confirmed that theaircraft had been hijacked, but the identities and demands of th e hijackers remained unclear. Sometime afterdeparture from Tashkent, th e aircraft developed technical problems related to an in-f l ight loss of fuel, forcing it todivert to (he town of Aktyubinsk in remote northwest Kazakhstan. Here, th e hijackers demanded more fuel an d foodand assistance in repairing th e fuel leak, as well as weather forecasts for the cities of Moscow, Istanbul, Zurich, an dLondon. Three addit ional passengers were also allowed to depart th e aircraft. The aircraft then took off fromAktyubinsk and headed into Russian airspace, landing at Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport about three hours later.The hijackers demanded meals an d full refuel ing; nine more passengers were released after both demands had beenmet. During negotiations with Russian authorities, die pilot also requested navigational charts for Europeanairspace.After four hours on the ground, th e aircraft departed Moscow and was f lown to Stansted Airport, north of London,England, where it landed safely early on the morning of February 7. Authorities immediately began negotiationswith the hijackers, and over the next three days nine more hostages were released. Meanwhile, Taliban leaderMullah Mohammad Omar issued a statement vowing neither to negotiate with thehijackers nor accede to theirdemands. On February 9, four men, including the pilot and first officer, escaped from a cockpit window, initiating atense period in the negotiations. Passengers later stated that they had been threatened and beaten by the hijackers,w ho became even more violent after the crew members escaped. The remaining crew members reportedly werebeaten with whatever the hijackers had in their hands, and one steward was struck with an ax, resulting in a large cuton his head. However, early on the morning of February 10, two hijackers departed the aircraft to hold negotiationswith police on the tarmac. After further negotiations, the remainingpassengers and crew members were released,an d the hijackers surrendered to authorities. At the conclusion of the hijacking, authorities retrieved four handguns,five knives, two grenades (without fuses), two detonators, and a pair of brass knuckles from the aircraft.

AP/Widc WotW PhotosCargo Being Unloaded From Plane By Police At Stansted Airport, London


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Th e hi jackers never made an y po l i t i c a l demands during the 75 hours o f negotiations w i t h Brit ish police, suggestingthat the hi jack ing may have been a p l o t by the hijackers an d some of the passengers lo gain asylum in Bri ta in . Ofth e 166 passengers and crew members on the plane, 77 volunteered to return to Afghanistan and 89 requestedasylum. N i n e t e e n of th e 89 people who requested asylum were arrested because of suspicions that they wereinvolved in the hi jack ing . Seven of the 19 were subsequently released, and the remaining 12 were charged in theincident . The charges included hijacking, false imprisonment, possession of a firearm with intent to cause fear ofviolence, and possession of explosives. Most of the asylum requests of the remaining 77 passengers and crewmembers (51 adu l t s and 26 dependants) were denied by the Bri tish government. By year's end, however, thehijacking trial had not yet begun and most of the 89 passengers and crew were still in England.Of those who voluntarily returned to Afghanistan, the copilot and two stewards reportedly were arrested. There wasa suspicion o f crew complicity in the hijacking. A ll three individuals subsequently fled on foot to Pakistan withtheir families, and they contacted the United Nations seeking asylum in a third country.

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Thef t of Cargo by Armed Assault - 2000TheH of cargo from airplanes is a worldwide problem fo r aviation security personnel. Cargo theft takes variousforms, from baggage handlers stealing from passengers' luggage to armed assaults against aircraft targeting specificcargo, such as money. It is this latter method of cargo theft, the armed assault, that is addressed in this article. Notall incidents of cargo theft are recorded herein; rather, a few of the more interesting, or widely-publicized, acts arereviewed.Perpetrators intent on cargo theft generally use one of two modus operand! in carrying out an armed assault. Theym ay board the plane, hijack the flight, and force the crew to land at a predetermined location where the cargo maybe off-loaded. Perpetrators may also carry out an airport invasion: entering the air operations area by force andstealing cargo from the aircraft while the plane is still on the ground. At least seven incidents of cargo theft byarmed assault occurred in 2000, including two hijacking/commandeering incidents and five tarmac invasions; fiveincidents occurred in 1999. The statistics for 2000 are consistent with those of past years in that fewerhijacking/commandeering incidents than tarmac invasions occurred.The greatest number of incidents occurred in Latin America: three airport invasions (two in Brazil and one inParaguay) and one hijacking (in Brazil). The airport invasions in Brazil took place at Sao Paulo's CongonhasAirport on June 8, and at Brasilia's International Airport on July 7. In both cases, a group of armed men stormedonto the tarmac and engaged in a shoot-out with airport guards before escaping with a shipment of money. In SaoPaulo, the men used pickup trucks to crash through the fence and block the runway before stealing the equivalent of(U.S.) S1.5 million. In Brasilia, the men entered through a cargo hanger, forced open the plane's cargo hold, andescaped through the cargo hanger in three cars with about (U.S.) $500,000 in gold. On August 4, heavily-armedgunmen in military-style uniforms entered the tarmac of Asuncion's Silvio Pettirossi Airport through an unstaffedgate using a pickup truck designed to look like a security vehicle. Without firing a shot, the thieves collected theequivalent of (U.S.) $11.1 million from employees of a security service loading the money on the aircraft.The hijacking in Brazil took place on August 16 during a domestic flight from Foz de Iguacu to Curitiba. Thehijackers forced the plane to land at a remote airstrip in the northern forests where they fled with almost (U.S.) S3mil l ion taken from the cargo hold. The eight armed hijackers had boarded normally as passengers, leading police tosuspect (hat they were aided by airport employees at Foz de Iguacu.The two incidents of cargo theft in Europe in 2000 were airport invasions: one occurred in Luxembourg (October 9)and the other in Belgium (October 31). The targets in both incidents were Brinks and Zeigler armored cars that werepreparing to load valuables onto aircraft. In Luxembourg, an armored car guard was shot after six gunmen stoleapproximately 70 kilograms of gold and an unspecified amount of money at Findel Airport and fled in a stolen van.In Brussels, four gunmen stole a shipment of diamonds reportedly worth (U.S.) S4-6 million from an armored car atthe international airport in Brussels. The thieves escaped in a white van that was later found abandoned.In the one incident in the Asia/Pacific region, two gunmen hijacked a plane that was en route from Wau to PortMoresby, Papua New Guinea, on November 1. As with the Paraguay hijacking, the thieves forced the pilot to landand fled with approximately 15 kilograms of gold.In all of Ihese incidents, the thieves apparently had foreknowledge of the specific flight, its cargo, and ways toci rcumvent security. This suggests either insider knowledge or thorough surveillance of the target. Airportinvasions may outnumber hijacking/commandeering incidents because of the greater risks and difficulties involvedin the latter, including the logistics of getting an aircraft to land at a predetermined location where co-conspiratorsare waiting. Another reason, at least at secure airports, is proper and effective preboard security measures, whichpresent a formidable barrier to successfully boardingan aircraft while armed.

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Trends1996-2000

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IntroductionFIVE-YEAR SUMMARY

Worldwide Civil Aviation Incidents1996-2000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

This section contains an examination of trends for the five-yearperiod, 1996-2000. Significant incidents involvingcivil aviation are separated into the following categories:- "Hijackings of Civil Aviation Aircraft,"- "Commandeerings of Civil Aviation Aircraft,"- "Bombings/Attempted Bombings/ Shootings on Civil Aviation Aircraft,"- "Shootings at In-Flight Aircraft,"- "Attacks at Airports,"- "Off-Airport Facility Attacks," and- "Incidents Involving Charter and General Aviation Aircraft."

Charts are included to present a visual perspective of incidents in these categories.The 42 incidents in 2000 arc the most recorded for any year in the five-year period and the most since 1994. The 42incidents are also 18 more than what was recorded last yearthe most significant increase since 1990-1991 (57 to120 incidents).The total number of incidents for the five-year period is 146. The second-highest number of


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i n c i d e n t s (35) w as recorded in 1996. From 1997 through 1999, between 22 and 24 i n c i d e n t s were r e c o rde d , w i t h th efewes t num ber be ing r epor ted in 1998.I n compar ing 2000 statistics w i t h those of the previous year, increases occurred in f ive ca tegor ie s"H i jack ings ofC i v i l Av i a t i o n Aircra f t , " " Commandee r i ngs of C i v i l A via t io n A ir c ra f t , " "A t tacks at Airports,""Bombings/At t empted Bombings/ Shoot ings on C iv i l Avia t ion A ir c ra f t ," and "Inc iden ts Invo lv in g Char te r andGenera l Avia t ion Aircraf t." The largest increase occurred in the "Attacks at Airports" category in w h ic h 13inc iden ts were r ecorded in 2000 compared to none in 1999. Nin e more h i jacking inc id en ts were r ecorded in 2000than in the prev iou s year {20 v i c e 11). Tw o mo r e c o mma n d e e r i n g inc ident s took place in 2000, and one morechar ter /general aviation i n c i d e n t an d bombing/a t t empted bombing/shooting on an a i rp lane i n c i d e n t w as r ecorded .There wer e fewer shootings at in - f l igh t aircraft inc iden ts in 2000 compared to 1999 (one vice three) and no of f -airport f ac i l i ty attacks, compared to s ix in 1999.During th e past fe w years, th e relatively lo w n u mb e r of inc iden ts tha t were recorded m ay have been in te rpre ted asan i n d i c a t i o n that th e threat to c iv i l av ia t ion w as decreasing. Th e fact that th e n u mb e r of avia t ion- re l a ted i n c i d e n t sin 2000 increased by 75% proves suc h an interpretati on to be premature. To be sure, the thre at to civil aviation hasnot s i g n i f i c a n t l y decreased . In add i t ion to the eve r -pre sent threat of a terrorist hi j ack ing or bombing , an i nd iv idua lwho h i jacks a p l a n e to seek asylum, a guerrilla group that attacks an airport, or a terrorist group thai bombs ana i r l i n e t i cke t of f ice , cons t i tu te s a threat as wel l . Th e increase in th e number of i n c i d e n t s in 2000 attes ts to the facttha t c iv i l avi a t i on c o n t i n u e s to be a target of terror ists and non-terror ists al ike.Al though there were no watershed terrorist incid ents in 2000, such as the 1988 bombin g of Pan Am 103, the terroristthreat remains. The most recent s ign i f i can t aviation-related terrorist action was the Decem ber 1999 hijack ing of anI nd i an A ir l i n e s p l a n e by member s of a Kash mir i separatis t group. There contin ues to be concern tha t th e hi j a ck ingm ay e i ther be copied or spur others to commit acts, because this inc iden t succeeded in g a in in g th e release ofprisoners and t he hijac kers have never been caught. An other threat is attr ibuted to terror ist f i n anc i e r Usama BinLaden, who has been indicted for the August 1998 bombings of the U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya.Al though Bin L a d e n i s not k n o w n to have attacked civi l av ia t ion , he has both th e motivation and the w h e r e w i th a l todo so. Bin L a d e n ' s a n t i -W e s t e r n and an t i -A mer ican a tt i tudes m ake him and h i s f o l l o w e r s a s ign i f ican t th rea t to civi lav i a t i on , par t icu la r ly to U.S . c iv i l av ia t ion . Final ly, another exa mple that the terrorist threat h a s n o t d im in i s h e d i sth e plot by convicted World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef of several years ago. In 1994, Yous efm as t e rm i nde d a conspiracy to place explosive devices on as many as 12 U.S. air l ine rs f ly i ng out of the Far East. InDecember 1994, as a test for his more elaborate scheme, Yousef placed an d exploded a device on a P h i l i p p in eAir l ine s plane kil l in g one person. Al though Yousef is currently in pr ison, at least one oth er accused par t i c ipant inth e consp ir acy r em ains a t l a rge . There a r e concerns that this ind ividual or others of Youscfs i lk who may possesss imi la r ski l l s pose a continuing threat to civil aviation interests .There is every reason to believe that c iv i l av ia t ion will continue to be an attractive target fo r terrorist groups. Thepublicity an d fear generated by a terrorist hijacking 01 bombing of an aircraf t can be a powe rful attraction to a groupseeking to make a statement or promote a particular cause. Civ i l av ia t ion w i l l also continue to be used byi nd iv idua l s who are ac t ing to further personal goals, such as asylum seekers. It matters not to them that mosti nd iv idua l s who hijack an a ircraf t for personal goals are prosecuted for their actions. So long as factors such asthese exis t , the threat to civil aviation w i l l remain sig nif ican t; that some years pass with f ewer inc iden ts does n otnecessar ily i nd i ca t e tha t the threat has dimin ished. Increased awareness and v ig i lance a r e necessary to deter futureinc iden tsbe they from terrorists or non-terror ists . I t is important to do the utmos t to prevent such acts rather thanto lowe r securi ty me asures by in te rpre t ing th e statis t ics as i n d i c a t i n g a decreasing threat.

At tacks a t Airpor t sThi r ty a t t ack s have been r ecorded at airpor ts t hroughout th e w o r l d d u r i n g th e past five years. These a t t a c k s i n c l ud e1 4 b o mb in g s 7 a t tempted bombings ; and 9 other inc iden ts such a s shootings, s he l l i ng s (ar t i l l ery or mortar a t t acks) ,arsons and s imi la r inc iden ts . The most i n c i d e n t s in one year (13) wer e recorded in 2000. Eigh t inc iden ts wererecorded in 1996, six in 1997, and three in 1998. N o incidents were recorded in 1999. Ten people have beenreported kil led and more than 90 injured in attacks at a irpor ts dur ing the f ive-year period.

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A majority of the airport attacks ( 1 2 ) occurred in the Asia/Pacific region. Seven incidents were recorded in sub-Saharan Africa, four in the Latin America/Caribbean region, an d three in Europe. Central Eurasia and the MiddleEast/North Africa region each recorded two incidents. Worldwide, the Philippines recorded the most incidents (4)for any one country in the five-year period, and two incidents were recorded in several different countries. Manila'sNinoy Aquino International Airport in the Philippines was targeted three times between 1996 and 2000, the most inthe five-year period. Two of these incidents occurred in 2000. Wattay Airport in Vientiane, Laos, was also targetedtwice in 2000.

Central EurasiaMiddle East (2) (2)Latin America (4)

Europe (3) L flVB " ^ ^^^HAsia (12)M^^Africa (7)Attacks at Airports,1996-200030 Incidents

Five of the 30 airport attacks in the five-year period are considered politically-motivated incidents. Three of the sixincidents were claimedtwo by the Basque Liberty and Fatherl

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