T6 a osseweijer_food security and energy compilation_18nov2014_patricia
22
1 Challenge the future Bioenergy and Food Security SCOPE Patricia Osseweijer, Helen Watson, Francis Johnson
-
Upload
biofuels-and-food-security-interactions-workshop -
Category
Environment
-
view
30 -
download
1
Transcript of T6 a osseweijer_food security and energy compilation_18nov2014_patricia
1Challenge the future
Bioenergy and Food SecuritySCOPE
Patricia Osseweijer, Helen Watson, Francis Johnson
Bioenergy and Food Security Working Group• *Patricia Osseweijer, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands• *Helen Watson, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa • Francis X. Johnson; Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden• Mateus Batistella, Embrapa, Campinas/SP, Brazil• Luis A.B. Cortez, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Brazil • Lee R. Lynd; Dartmouth College, USA• Stephen R. Kaffka, University of California, Davis, USA• Stephen Long; University of Illinois, USA• Hans van Meijl; Wageningen Univesity, LEI, Netherlands• Andre M. Nassar; Agroicone, Sao Paulo/SP; Brazil• Jeremy Woods, Imperial College London, U.K.
*Corresponding Authors
Biomass type/source
Woody biomass
Herbaceous biomass
Biomass from fruits or seeds
Others (including mixtures)
Dedicated Feedstocks or extraction
Extraction from native forests,
Forest plantations
Cereals (e.g. maize, wheat)
Energy grasses (e.g. sugarcane, miscanthus)
Oilseed crops (e.g. jatropha, sunflower)
Oil fruits (e.g. oil palm)
(mixed biomass sources can be used for some applications)
Residues (Direct)
Logging by-products
Thinning by-products
Straw, Bagasse,husks
shells and husks,fruit bunches
Animal dung,Landscape management by-products
Residues (Indirect)
Sawmill wastes,Black liquor (from
pulp/paper production)
Fibre crop processing wastes,
Recycled fibre products
Food processing by-products
Waste oils
Bio-sludge,Slaughterhouse by-products,
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
Different types and sources of biomass used for energy(yellow = potential competition with food)
• 1,4 Bha of suitable land available for sustainable rain-fed agriculture. 130-219 Mha needed for population increases
• industrial & fuelwood forest biomass on non- arable lands
• Specific bioenergy crops are capable of substantially - increasing organic matter, & nitrogen content of soils, & - decreasing salt, & heavy metal content of soils
improve soil quality & productivity for food crops
• Bioenergy crops as barriers to reduce food loss from animals, & soil erosion by wind & water
Share of Traditional Biomass in Residential Consumption
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook
2.5 billion people depend on traditional biomass for cooking
Intensity of agricultural cultivation remains low in Latin America and Africa: would like to use land resources more
productively for food, feed, fuel, fibre, bio-chemicals
Biomass & Poverty Belt
RED ARROW = biomass/bioenergy flow
BLUE ARROW = technology and investment flow
Potential geo-economic context for bioenergy, agriculture, development: flow of bioenergy commodities, technology transfer, investment
8Challenge the future
Causal relations?Food prices linked fossil, fertiliser & civil conflicts
Source: Hsiang et al., Nature 2011
Food security is access to sufficient food by all people, at all
times – in terms of quality, quantity, and diversity – for an
active and healthy life without risk of loss of such access
After Seregeldin (Former President Worlbank), 2003
Food Security
• Not Just production, also access• Not Just output, also process• Not Just technology, also policy• Not Just global, also national• Not Just national, also household• Not Just rural, also urban• Not Just amount, also content
(Source: Shutes et al. 2013)
Indirect contributions of bioenergy expansion to food security
12Challenge the future
• There is enough land available for substantial production of bioenergy and food for a growing world population, expansion will be predominantly in Sub Saharan Africa and Latin America
• There is no inherent causal relation between bioenergy production and food insecurity
• Bioenergy can improve food production systems and rural economic development
• Bioenergy can stimulate investments in agricultural production in poor areas and provide a dynamic switch system to produce energy or food whenever necessary
• It is our ethical duty to develop and evaluate practices of combined bioenergy and food production in poor areas
13Challenge the future
Back in 2003 Ismail Seregeldin (former President Worldbank)
introduced the challenges of the world
• Food• Agriculture• Health• Industry & Environment
In situation of Growing north south divide & rising inequities
As Much As 30% of Food Produced in Developing
Countries Does Not Reach Consumers
Obesity in the US and the UK(% of total population)
• 1991 22%
• 2002 30%
• 2025 42%
Source: The Economist, The world in 2002, p.51
19Challenge the future
Back in 2003 Ismail Seregeldin (former President Worldbank)
introduced the challenges of the world
• Food• Agriculture• Health• Industry & Environment
Growing north south divide rising inequities
The solution:Knowledge & educationBiotechnologyNew partnerships
20Challenge the future
And bioenergy!
Bioenergy can make lives betterAlleviate geopolitical issues
Increase food security
It requires good governance, but…
If we can make a better world with bioenergy
it is our duty to make this happen
Read the report!
21Challenge the future
22Challenge the future
