T2-1: Enterprise elementsT2-1: Enterprise elements

Chin-Sheng ChenChin-Sheng ChenFlorida International UniversityFlorida International University

T2-1: Enterprise T2-1: Enterprise elementselements Element typesElement types

– WorkWork– DecisionDecision– ResourceResource– InformationInformation

The ESE Framework –The ESE Framework –Re-visitRe-visitEnterprise Enterprise elementelement

WorkWork DecisionDecision ResourceResource InformatioInformationn

System System facetfacet

StrategyStrategy CompetenCompetencycy

CapacityCapacity StructureStructure

EngineerinEngineering activityg activity

SpecificatioSpecificationn

AnalysisAnalysis DesignDesign implementimplementationation

PerformanPerformance ce measuremeasure

CostCost TimeTime QualityQuality Benefit Benefit (profit)(profit)

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – work (1)work (1) DefinitionDefinition

– A business activity that adds direct A business activity that adds direct value to the process (value chain)value to the process (value chain)

– (From customer’s view)(From customer’s view) Nature of work (Productive Nature of work (Productive

activities)activities) engineeringengineering manufacturingmanufacturing servicingservicing

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – work (2)work (2) External work (chargeable to a contract)External work (chargeable to a contract)

– Production orders derived directly from a Production orders derived directly from a customer’s ordercustomer’s order

External customersExternal customers Other (sister) divisionsOther (sister) divisions

Internal work (partially chargeable)Internal work (partially chargeable)– (Internal) production orders issued for(Internal) production orders issued for

Making (generic) toolingMaking (generic) tooling Making an inventory itemMaking an inventory item conducting an internal project (R&D, conducting an internal project (R&D,

improvement)improvement) Performing maintenance workPerforming maintenance work

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – work (3)work (3) Work hierarchyWork hierarchy

– ProgramProgram ProjectProject

– TaskTask operationoperation

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – decision (1)decision (1) DefinitionDefinition

– A special kind of work that does not add direct A special kind of work that does not add direct value to a particular ordervalue to a particular order

Nature of decisionNature of decision– Administrative activities in managementAdministrative activities in management

Initiate, create, review (QC), approve (control), Initiate, create, review (QC), approve (control), distributedistribute

– Administrative activities in production (execution)Administrative activities in production (execution) Work releaseWork release MonitoringMonitoring Measuring (IQC, IPQC)Measuring (IQC, IPQC) ReportingReporting Control (re-assigning, re-scheduling)Control (re-assigning, re-scheduling)

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – decision (2)decision (2) Decision hierarchyDecision hierarchy

– Strategic decisionsStrategic decisions Strategic planning & approvalStrategic planning & approval

– Tactic decisionsTactic decisions Aggregate planning & approvalAggregate planning & approval Short-term capacity adjustment & approvalShort-term capacity adjustment & approval

– Operational decisionOperational decision Bidding/contracting & approvalBidding/contracting & approval Production planning/scheduling & approvalProduction planning/scheduling & approval Request/acquisition & approvalRequest/acquisition & approval IQC/IPQC & approvalIQC/IPQC & approval Project/shop-floor monitoring & controlProject/shop-floor monitoring & control

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (1)resources (1) Resource typesResource types

– MaterialMaterial– MachineMachine– ToolsTools– EquipmentEquipment– FacilityFacility– UtilitiesUtilities– Human resourceHuman resource– Capital Capital

Enterprises elements –Enterprises elements –resource (2): materialresource (2): material DefinitionDefinition

– Physical object on which work is performed by a resourcePhysical object on which work is performed by a resource– For engineering work, material may not be required, For engineering work, material may not be required,

while in servicing, the customer could be viewed as the while in servicing, the customer could be viewed as the physical object (material).physical object (material).

Classification by completion statusClassification by completion status– Raw materialRaw material– WIPWIP– Finished goodsFinished goods

Material typesMaterial types– Classified by Classified by

shape and size, shape and size, application, application, material properties, material properties, value (ABC classification)value (ABC classification)

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (3): Machineresources (3): Machine Types (for discrete part mfg.)Types (for discrete part mfg.)

– Fabrication machinesFabrication machines Cutting, stamping, & blankingCutting, stamping, & blanking Material removalMaterial removal Forming/molding/casting/extrusionForming/molding/casting/extrusion

– Assembly machinesAssembly machines fasteningfastening Joining and weldingJoining and welding

– Surface/finishing machinesSurface/finishing machines Surface finishingSurface finishing printingprinting packagingpackaging

– QC machinesQC machines InspectionInspection testingtesting

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (4): toolsresources (4): tools TypesTypes

– JigsJigs– DiesDies– MoldsMolds– FixturesFixtures– AttachmentsAttachments– Cutting toolsCutting tools– Gauges and measurement toolsGauges and measurement tools

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (5): resources (5): EquipmentEquipment TypesTypes

– Benches/work areasBenches/work areas– Material handling equipmentMaterial handling equipment

Pallets, crates, baskets, carts, lift tracks, Pallets, crates, baskets, carts, lift tracks, conveyors, AGVs, ASRS, etc.conveyors, AGVs, ASRS, etc.

– Heat treatment furnacesHeat treatment furnaces– Hood/drainageHood/drainage– Air conditioningAir conditioning– Transportation vehicles (official truck, Transportation vehicles (official truck,

coach bus, car)coach bus, car)– ElevatorsElevators

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (6): resources (6): FacilitiesFacilities TypesTypes

– Storage/warehousesStorage/warehouses location>building>section>aisle>rack>celllocation>building>section>aisle>rack>cell

– WorkspacesWorkspaces Location>building>floor>area>room>statiLocation>building>floor>area>room>stati

onon

– Parking spacesParking spaces Location>building>floor>area>section>lotLocation>building>floor>area>section>lot

– Passage aisles/staircasesPassage aisles/staircases location>building>floor>area>aislelocation>building>floor>area>aisle

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (7): Utilitiesresources (7): Utilities TypesTypes

– WaterWater– AirAir– PowerPower– GasGas– PhonePhone– Data lineData line

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (8): HRresources (8): HR Managerial classificationManagerial classification

– Direct vs. indirectDirect vs. indirect– Full time vs. part timeFull time vs. part time– Straight vs. over timeStraight vs. over time– In-house vs. virtualIn-house vs. virtual

Competency classificationCompetency classification– By trade, skill/operation type, and By trade, skill/operation type, and

skill levelskill level

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (9): Computer & resources (9): Computer & communicationcommunication TypesTypes

– HardwareHardware StationStation NBNB PDAPDA ScannerScanner PrinterPrinter Projector Projector

– SoftwareSoftware– NetworkNetwork

ServerServer RouterRouter hubhub

Enterprises elements – Enterprises elements – resources (10): Capitalresources (10): Capital TypesTypes

– Cash (flow)Cash (flow)– (revolving) credit lines(revolving) credit lines

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – information (1)information (1) DefinitionDefinition

– A special type of enterprise resource that A special type of enterprise resource that is a representation of corporate data, is a representation of corporate data, process expertise relevant to its operation, process expertise relevant to its operation, and corporate intelligence with value to and corporate intelligence with value to customers.customers.

Information typesInformation types– Corporate dataCorporate data– Process expertiseProcess expertise– Corporate intelligenceCorporate intelligence

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – information (2): Corporate information (2): Corporate datadata Product dataProduct data

– Specifications, engineering analysis (technical approach), Specifications, engineering analysis (technical approach), product design (BOM, 2D, 3D), QC plans, mfg. process product design (BOM, 2D, 3D), QC plans, mfg. process plan, CAM dataplan, CAM data

Customer & sales dataCustomer & sales data– Customer recordsCustomer records– Bid and contract historyBid and contract history

Supplier (material and service supplier) dataSupplier (material and service supplier) data– Supplier profile & qualification recordSupplier profile & qualification record– Performance recordsPerformance records

Production dataProduction data– Plant layoutPlant layout– Organization structureOrganization structure– Planned and actual production (work) data, (schedule, Planned and actual production (work) data, (schedule,

quality, and cost data)quality, and cost data)

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – information (3): Process information (3): Process expertiseexpertise Core competenceCore competence

– Competency (operation) modeling – Competency (operation) modeling – Activity: with possible reference to specific resources in terms of its Activity: with possible reference to specific resources in terms of its

competency type, difficulty rating, quality, and speed competency type, difficulty rating, quality, and speed Method: operation procedure, QC procedure, setup procedures, etc.Method: operation procedure, QC procedure, setup procedures, etc. ConstraintConstraint Input requirementInput requirement Output requirementOutput requirement

– Elemental operation (activity) typesElemental operation (activity) types Generic managerial operations: Generic managerial operations:

– initiate, plan, schedule, review, revise, abort, approve, amend, append, initiate, plan, schedule, review, revise, abort, approve, amend, append, release, etc.release, etc.

Productive operations: Productive operations: – machining, assembly, forming, etc.machining, assembly, forming, etc.– Resource capability and capacityResource capability and capacity

Business processesBusiness processes– SOP definitionSOP definition– Process knowledge coupled with SOP. Process knowledge coupled with SOP.

Enterprise elements – Enterprise elements – information (4): Corporate information (4): Corporate intelligenceintelligence Business Process knowledge Business Process knowledge

– Standard operation procedures (SOP)Standard operation procedures (SOP)– Directives and guidelinesDirectives and guidelines– Best practicesBest practices

Intellectual propertiesIntellectual properties– Patents & trademarksPatents & trademarks– Trade secretsTrade secrets– BenchmarksBenchmarks– SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat)

analysesanalyses– Case studiesCase studies– White papersWhite papers