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EDU3105 T10- EDUCATIONAL VIDEO PRODUCTION
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TOPIC10 EDUCATIONAL VIDEO PRODUCTION
SYNOPSIS
This topic explains the basic parts and functions of the various types of video
cameras and accessories. Furthermore, this topic will explain the practices
and techniques of filming and video production. Method of creating storyboard
will also be described. Video editing and video production are also described.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By implementing the learning activities, hopefully the teacher will be able to:
i. Explain the basis and function of analog and digital video cameras, as well
as its basic accessories;
ii. Explain the practices and techniques of filming and video production;
iii. Produce a storyboard for teaching purposes;
iv. Apply technical skills and basic video production in teaching and learning.
TOPIC FRAMEWORK
10.1 Video in Teaching and Learning
10.2 Types of Video Camera
10.3 Planning Educational Video Production
10.4 Editing Videos
Think
Why is video production important in producing instructional materials?
10.1 Video in Teaching and Learning
Video is a type of moving media. It can produce images that are realistic and
beneficial in the delivery of messages to the audience. In the process of
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teaching and learning, every teacher should realize the benefits of video in the
classroom.
Apart from the ability to show moving images, such as capturing a running
leopard, this media can be speed up or slow down. The fast motion of the
leopard can be slowed down by the slow motion technique or freeze.
Have you seen flowers bloosoming in television shows? To see real flowers
grow would take a long time. But, by using time interval recording technique,
the bloosoming process can be shortened. Thus, pupils do not have to wait
long to see flowers growing in real situation.
Video is also able to bring in events that occur outside of the classroom or
dangerous events such as volcanic eruptions. It is impossible to bring the
students to see a volcanic eruption in the eventual situation.
Video has the ability to record video images near and distant. This means that
video can manipulate space. The movement of blood cells in the body can be
seen by the students, while the students can see long-distance space.
Time and space can also be manipulated through animation. This technique
requires a bit of skill to produce movements that normally would be attractive
to students interest towards learning?
After reading about the advantages of the video, you may be tempted to
produce our own video material for teaching and learning. Nevertheless,
before you starting filming work, its better for us to know about some aspects
of video production. In the next section you will be explained about the type of
camera and video recorder.
10.2 Types of Video Camera
You may have seen people using portable video camera in occasions such as
weddings, birthdays or social activities. In other situations you may come
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across journalists with video camera on their shoulder. You might be
wondering what is the difference between both video camera other than
different sizes. Actually there are two main formats of video camera: analog
video cameras and digital video cameras.
10.2.1 Analog video camera
This kind of video cameras capture images and store them in analog form.
This camera uses magnetic tape in a variety video cassette format, such as
VHS, VHS-C, Hi 8 and U-matic. Size of this cassette vary and can only be
played on a suitable video player.
Diagram 1.1 : Analog Video Camera that use VHS video cassette
Think
How do images captured using analog video camera can be transferred to
digital form?
10.2.2 Kamera video digital
This kind of video cameras capture images and store them in digital form.
This camera uses small size video cassettes, usually in the DVC (Digital
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Video Cassette) format. This video camera can be connected directly to the
computer using a FireWire cable. Image can be edited using video editing
software.
Diagram 1.2 : Kamera Video Digital (DVC)
Think
Discuss with your partner about benefits of using analog video camera and
digital video camera.
10.2.3 Basic parts of a video camera
Before you use a video camera, you should be able to recognize the basicparts of a video Reddish. Please refer to the picture below and try to identify
the function of these parts.
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Diagram 1.3 : Parts of video camera
Diagram 1.4 : The recording button
10.3 Types of shot and camera movement
While watching television, we can see image changes and camera
movement. There are times when an image is taken from a short distance and
at times were from afar. There were times when the camera moves from left
to right or vice versa. Look at how the position of the camera when people are
Butang rakam
Lensa
Butang Zoom
Pemidang Tilik Pelekap mata
Butan White balanceGelan Fokus
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talking or chatting. All these changes have to do with shot types and camera
movement.
10.3.1 Types of shot
Diagram 1.5:Types of shot
Big Close-Up(B.C.U.) Close-Up(C.U.)
Bust Shot(B.S.) Waist Shot(W.S.)
Knee Shot(K.S.) Full Length Shot(F.L.S.)
Long Shot(L.S.)
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Diagram 1.5 : Types of shot
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10.3.2 Types of camera movement
Diagram 1.6 shows some of the types of camera movement.
Panright PanleftPanning
Tilt Up Tilt Down
Til t ing
Dol ly
Dolly In Dolly Out
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Diagram 1.6 : Camera movement
Exercise
Watch some television shows such as news, documentaries, drama or forum.
Compare the pictures in the above figures with the types of shots and camera
movements in the programmes. What are the effect of panning, tilting, dolly
and trucking ruck to the image formed?
Trucking
Truckright Truckleft
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10.3 Planning Educational Video Production
There are several processes that must be followed when designing video
production for teaching. Here are the sequence of the process.
1
2
3
4
5
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Preparingvideo script and storyboard
You have been through the experience of producing the audio script. Actually
the process of preparing audio and video script are the same. There is little
difference in terms of format. Look at the example of video script below. Can
you make a difference?
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Think
Examine the video script needs through examples. Can you
provide a script? Just think of an appropriate title in the subject of
your options. Create a video script length between 5 to 10 minutes.
Show your results to the lecturer during tutorial sessions and
discuss them with your friends.
10.4 Editing Video
Think
Why do you need to edit a video that you have recorded?
While you are shooting, there is possibility the recordings were not made in
the proper order. There is also possibility that the recording are too long, or
not related to the overall plan. Through the process of editing, recording
materials can be rearranged to produce a more smooth and perfect video.
Editing analog video
Analog video editing requires editing machine. But this does not mean that
without editing machine you can not do the job. Actually, editing work is easy
and cheap. All you need is a video player, a video recorder and two television
set. Both need to be connected. Linear video editing is a video editing post-
production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in
a predetermined, ordered sequence. Regardless whether captured by a video
camera, tapeless camcorder, recorded in a television studio on a video tape
recorder (VTR) the content must be accessed sequentially.Please see the
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picture below and try to make the connection by using the facilities available
in your school.
Gambar 1.7 : Perakam video
Cara-Cara Membuat Penyambungan Kabel
Gambar 1.8 : Cara membuat penyambungan kabel
Apakah perbezaan di antara pemain dan perakam video?Pemain video dan perakam video adalah sama. Perbezaannya ialahperakam video boleh merakam video. Ini boleh dikenalpasti dengankehadiran butang Recordyang biasanya berwarna merah.
Butang Rakaman(Record)
A = audioV =video
Butang pegun(Pause/ Still)
VA
in
out
A V
in
out
Kabel
AV
PemainPerakam
TV
A V
in
out
inout
TV
A V
Butang pegun
(Pause/ Still)
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Diagram 1.9 : Kabel AV
The process of editing starts with play a video player by pressing the Record
button on the recorder unit. To edit a section that is not required, press the
Pause button on the recorder unit and search for parts to be included in the
player unit. Then press the Record on the recorder unit to continue recording.
Editing digital video
There are several processes in digital video editing:
1. CAPTURE
Capture is a process of transferring videos, photos or image from amemory storage (MiniDV or MicroSD) into the computer harddisk.
2. EDITING FROM THE SOURCE
a. Editing process is done to cut, removed or retained some video clips. In
this process, disconnection and reconnection occurs
b. Cuts
There are two types of cutting files in editing: cutting and transition. Cutmeans the movement from one shot to the next shot directly, with notransition at all. Cut is divided into two ways:
i. creative cut - continuity between shots of the cut shot next
ii. cut away - a connection or cut is influenced by several factors.
c. Continuity
i. When the shot is connected with one another as to form a network,then the network should be understood. Editing is done based onthe principle of connectivity shot, which consists of sequence shots,cutting to continuity, classical cutting, thematic montage, andabstract cutting.
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ii. Sequence Shot types of edits without cutting off shots. Videofootage has been planned according to the sequential scenes.This method is used during the existence of editing technology.
iii. Cutt ing to Cont inuity- connection or cut is used to continue
telling the story.
iv. Classical Cutt ing- cutting to clarify, dramatize or underline theprevious shot.
v. Thematic Montage - cutting to connect one story to another;
cutting to argue one thesis to another.
3. EDITING IN TIMELINE
If there are parts still need to be removed, do the process by using a lotof tools for editing clips in the timeline as below:
i. Razor Tool: Cutting clip
ii Move Tool: Selecting Clips
iii Rate Stretch Tool: Sets the speed of the rotary clip
4. ADDING EFFECT
The clips are in the timeline can be given additional effects to make itmore interesting.
5. ADDING TRANSITION
Transition process is done so that the addition of two or more clips
become more refined
6. RENDERING VIDEO
This process is the last step after all modifications have been made.
The material will be edited by undergoing rendering settings such as
setting video format type.
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Exercise
Edit a recording from any source such as news, documentary or drama for
any appropriate topic in teaching the subject of your option. Discuss your
experience when making edits work in tutorial sessions with lecturers and
peers.
CONCLUSION
Mastering of basic skills and techniques for movie recording using a video
camera, whether analog or digital, allows the creation of teaching and learning
materials more interesting. Recording editing work using applications such as
WMM, VCD Cutter and video editing using Ulead VideoStudio 8, Pinnacle 11,
Adobe Premier will produce work like a professional