T02 - CPU

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/t02-cpu 1/21

PROCESSOR/CPUPROCESSOR/CPU

The processor (really a short form for microprocessor andalso often called the CPU or central processing unit) is thecentral component of the PC.

It determines, at least in part, which operating systems canbe used, which software packages the PC can run, how muchpower the PC uses, and how stable the system will be. Theprocessor is also a major determinant of overall system cost:the newer and more powerful the processor, the moreexpensive the machine will be.

Processor is built from silicon and consists of millions of transistors. The diameter for each transistor is measured inmicrometer (m) or nanometer (nm). For example, the currentIntel Core 2 Duo processor is built by 45nm process

technology and consists of more than 200 millions transistors.

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Processors & SocketsProcessors & Sockets

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


SOCKET TYPESOCKET TYPE

Socket is a special connector or holder for which theprocessor is placed on the motherboard.

Each generation of CPU uses difference amount of pinsand thus required different type of socket.

Sockets are basically flat and have several rows of holes arranged in square.

In general, earlier CPU have less pins while the latestCPU have more pins.

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


CPU VoltageCPU Voltage

The CPU draw current from the motherboard. Thevoltage used depends on the type and model of theCPU.

In general, earlier CPU required higher voltage while thelatest CPU uses lower voltage (Refer to the table on thenext two slides).

But bare in mind that even the newer CPU uses lower voltage, its power consumption is actually higher thanthe earlier CPU. For example, Pentium III CPUconsumes less than 30w typically but the Core 2 DuoCPU can consume up to 65w.

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Intel Desktop CPU and SocketIntel Desktop CPU and Socket

CPU Voltage Socket Clock SpeedPentium 3.3v,3.5v, 5v Socket 4, 5, 7 60 ± 200MHz

Pentium MMX 2.8v Socket 7 166 ± 233MHz

Celeron 1.6v ± 2.8v Slot I, Socket 370,

Socket 423, etc.

200MHz to over 2GHz

Pentium II 2.8v Slot I 233 ± 500MHz

Pentium III 1.45v ± 2.05v Slot II, Socket 370 450MHz ± 1.33GHz

Pentium 4 1.3v ± 1.7v Socket 423, 478 1.4GHz ± 3.4GHz

Celeron D 1.25v ± 1.4v LGA775 1.x ± 3.x GHz

Pentium D 1.25v ± 1.4v LGA775 2.x ± 3.x GHz

Core Duo 1.25v ± 1.4v LGA775 1.x ± 2.x GHz

Core 2 Duo 1.25v ± 1.4v LGA775 1.x ± 2.x GHz

Core 2 Quad 1.25v ± 1.4v LGA775 1.x ± 2.x GHz

Core i7 0.65 - 1.4v LGA1366, LGA1156 2.66GHz ± 3.33GHz

Core i5 0.65v ± 1.4v LGA1156 2.66GHz

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


AMD Desktop CPU and Socket AMD Desktop CPU and Socket

CPU Voltage Socket Clock Speed

AMD K5 3.5v Socket 7 75 ± 133MHz

AMD K6 3.2v Socket 7 166 ± 300MHz

AMD K6-2 2.4v Socket 7 233 ± 550MHz

AMD K6-3 2v - 2.4v Socket 7 350 ± 550MHz

Athlon 1.8v Slot A or Socket A 500MHz ± 1GHz

Duron 1.5v - 1.75v Slot A or Socket A 600MHz ± 1.8GHz

Athlon TB 1.7v - 1.8v Socket A 650MHz ± 1.4GHz

Athlon XP 1.65v - 1.8v Socket A 850MHz ± 1.73GHz

Sempron 1.2v ± 1.4v Socket 754 1.4GHz and above

Athlon 64 1.3v ± 1.5v Socket 754, 939 1.8GHz and above

Athlon 64 x2 1.3v ± 1.5v Socket AM2 1.8GHz and above

Phenom 1.3v ± 1.5v Socket AM2+ 2.2GHz and above

Phenom II 0.8v ± 1.5v Socket AM2+, AM3 2.4GHz and above

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


ZIF SocketZIF Socket

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Definition of ZIF SocketDefinition of ZIF Socket

Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) socket. As itsname implies, the ZIF socket is designed for ease of manufacture and so that the averagecomputer owner will be able to upgrade the

microprocessor and user will not use forcewhen inserting the processor to the socket.

The ZIF socket contains a lever that opens

and closes, securing the microprocessor inplace..

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Processor InstallationProcessor Installation

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Slot ISlot I

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Slot 1( SECC )Slot 1( SECC )

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Detail Look of Slot I Processor Detail Look of Slot I Processor

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


AMD Processor AMD Processor

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Notebook CPUNotebook CPU

Notebook CPU is basically a low power version of desktop CPU.

In order to make notebook CPU consume less power,manufacturers will make it run on slower clock rate using

lower CPU voltage. Modern notebook CPU also support dynamic tweaking of

its clock speed, i.e. operate at full speed when highprocessing is required (such as playing full screen 3Dgames), and operate at lower speed when running light

application (such as browsing Internet with webbrowser). This will help to save battery power.

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Heat Sink and CoolersHeat Sink and Coolers

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Cooling Fan & Heat SinkCooling Fan & Heat Sink

A heat sink is a formed piece of metal (normallyaluminium or copper).

CPU needs a heat sink & a cooling fan to dissipate heatproduces by the processor.

Without these 2 items, the CPU will overheat andburned.

Nowadays, heat sink (and fan) also being used to cooldown graphics processor (GPU), RAM, and motherboardchipsets.

Applying heat sink without using fan is called passivecooling and it has the advantage of quiet operation.

Applying heat sink with a fan on top is called activecooling and it has the advantage better cooling.

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Graphics card with heat sink & fan

on top of the GPU A typical heat sink & fan used in

modern CPU

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Heat sink & fan on top of the motherboard chipset (Northbridge)

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


RAM sink

8/8/2019 T02 - CPU


Common ProblemsCommon Problems

Symptom : System hang or restarts intermittently

Cause : CPU overheat

Solution : Check and make sure the heat sink is attachedto the CPU firmly. Also check whether the cooling fan is

working or not.

o Symptom : System fail to boot

o Cause : CPU is spoilt or the CPU settings (voltage, clock

rate, etc) in the BIOS is wrong.o Solution : Check and confirm the CPU settings in the

BIOS is matching the CPU specifications. If it is still notworking, the CPU might have spoilt.

T02 - CPU

Documents

Transcript of T02 - CPU