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602 tŚŽ DŝĞƐ /ŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ ŽƵƌƚŚŽƵƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ dƌŝĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ^ĞǀĞŶ Among the many ‘outputs’ from architecture’s ‘black box’ are the historical events that a building has witnessed. This essay interrogates Mies van der Rohe’s Federal Center Courthouse through an analysis of the events of the Trial of the Chicago Seven, which was held there from 1969-70. In doing so, the essay reveals how Mies subverted the conven- ƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĐŽƵƌƚƌŽŽŵ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ ĚŝƐƌƵƉƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞĐŝƐĞ ƌŝƚƵĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ũƵƌŝƐƉƌƵĚĞŶĐĞ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůLJ DŝĞƐ ƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ “the bar” from the courtroom space, which typically divides ƐƉĞĐƚĂƚŽƌƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚƌŝĂů ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐ Ă ƌĞĐŚƟĂŶ estrangement of the courtroom and of trial procedure that played out in the various forms of misconduct that marked the theatrical trial. / ŚĂǀĞ ŶŽ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĂĚŵŝƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ 1 ͶDŝĞƐ ǀĂŶ ĚĞƌ ZŽŚĞ EĞĂƌůLJ ϱϬ LJĞĂƌƐ ĂŐŽ ƚŚĞ dƌŝĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ϳ ;h^ ǀ ĞůůŝŶŐĞƌ Ğƚ ĂůͿ ďĞŐĂŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŝƌŬƐĞŶ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ŽƵƌƚŚŽƵƐĞ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚƌĞĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ďLJ DŝĞƐ ǀĂŶ ĚĞƌ ZŽŚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶ ŽǁŶƚŽǁŶ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚŚŽƵƐĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ǁĂƐ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŶĞǁ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ŽŶůLJ ϰ LJĞĂƌƐ ƉƌŝŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐƟůů ƵŶĚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞĐĞĚ- ŝŶŐ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŚŝƐ ĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ 'ĞƌŵĂŶLJ DŝĞƐ ŚĂĚ ďƵŝůƚ ĞdžƚĞŶƐŝǀĞůLJ ŝŶ ŚŝƐ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ŚŽŵĞƚŽǁŶ ŽĨ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ Ă ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚ ŶĂŵĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ /ŶĚĞĞĚ DŝĞƐƐ ŶĂŵĞ ǁĂƐ ŝŶǀŽŬĞĚ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ƟŵĞƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ďLJ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚƐ KǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƌĂƵĐŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝǀŝƐŝǀĞ ƚƌŝĂů DŝĞƐ ǁĂƐ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚĞůLJ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚ Ă ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌĞƐƟŐĞ ĂŶĚ Ă <ƌĂƵƚ Ă ŵĞŐĂůŽŵĂ- ŶŝĂĐĂů ŽƉƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ĮŐƵƌĞ 2 /Ŷ ŚŝƐ ĂƌƟĐůĞ dŚĞ WŽƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶ ŐĞŶĚĂ ŚĂƌůĞƐ :ĞŶĐŬƐ ĐŝƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ dƌŝĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ϳ ĂƐ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ŝŶĚŝĐƚ DŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐ ďƌĂŶĚ ŽĨ DŽĚĞƌŶŝƐŵ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ƐĞǀĞŶ ;ŽƌŝŐŝ- ŶĂůůLJ ĞŝŐŚƚͿ LJŽƵŶŐ ŵĞŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ƌŽůĞƐ ŝŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ &ĞƐƟǀĂů ŽĨ >ŝĨĞ ƉƌŽƚĞƐƚƐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƚŚĞ sŝĞƚŶĂŵ tĂƌ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϲϴ ĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐ EĂƟŽŶĂů ŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ ŝŶ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŚĂƌŐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŶƐƉŝƌĂĐLJ ƚŽ ŝŶĐŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ǀŝŽůĞŶƚ ƌŝŽƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ ƚŚĞƌĞ dŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ŝƐ ŶŽƚŽƌŝŽƵƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐŝĚŝŶŐ :ƵĚŐĞ :ƵůŝƵƐ ,ŽīŵĂŶƐ ďŝĂƐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚƐ ǁŚŽƐĞ ĐŽŶǀŝĐƟŽŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ Ă ĨŽƌĞŐŽŶĞ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ :ĞŶĐŬƐƐ ĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚ DŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŽŵƉůŝĐŝƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌƉĞƚƌĂ- ƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƵŶũƵƐƚ ƚƌŝĂů dŚĞ ƌĞĚƵĐƟǀŝƐŵ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝƐŵ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵ ŽĨ DŝĞƐƐ ďůĂĐŬ ƋƵĂƐŝͲĨĂƐĐŝƐƚ ǁŽƌŬ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ ǁĂƐ ĞdžĞŵƉůŝĮĞĚ ĨŽƌ :ĞŶĐŬƐ ďLJ ŽŶĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ zŝƉƉŝĞ WĂƌƚLJ ĐŽͲĨŽƵŶĚĞƌ ďďŝĞ ,ŽīŵĂŶ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ĂĚŵŽŶŝƐŚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƵŶƌƵůLJ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚ 'Ğƚ ďĂĐŬ ŝŶ LJŽƵƌ ƉůĂĐĞ ǁŚĞƌĞ DŝĞƐ ǀĂŶ ĚĞƌ ZŽŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ LJŽƵ ƚŽ ƐƚĂŶĚ 3 ĞLJŽŶĚ :ĞŶĐŬƐƐ ĐƵƌƐŽƌLJ ĞdžĂŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƚŝŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ dƌŝĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ϳ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚŚŽƵƐĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚŽƐƚĞĚ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ ďĞĞŶ ƐƚƵĚŝĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĞƚĂŝů ĞƐƉŝƚĞ ŝƚƐ ƵŶŝƋƵĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ĂƐ DŝĞƐƐ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ďƵŝůƚ ǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ h^ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ŽĨ ůŝƩůĞ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ dŚĞ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ĞƐƐĂLJ ŝƐ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŽ ƌĞͲŝŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƚĞ DŝĞƐ ǀĂŶ ĚĞƌ ZŽŚĞƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ ŽƵƌƚŚŽƵƐĞ ǀŝƐͲăͲǀŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ dƌŝĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ϳ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ ǁŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ DŝĞƐƐ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ĐůŽƐĞ ůŽŽŬ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ ƚŚĞƌĞ DŽƌĞ ďƌŽĂĚůLJ ŝĨ ǁĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ Ă ƚƌŝĂů ĂƐ Ă ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƐĞůLJ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ ƌŝƚƵĂůƐ ƚŚŝƐ ĞƐƐĂLJ ǁŝůů ĂƐŬ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ĞŶĂĐƟŶŐ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƌŝƚƵĂůƐ ŝŶ ĞŶĐŽĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ũƵƌŝƐƉƌƵĚĞŶĐĞ Žƌ ŝŶ ĞŶĂĐƚ - ŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ũƵƐƟĐĞ :ƵĚŐĞ :ƵůŝƵƐ ,ŽīŵĂŶ ǁĂƐ ϳϰ LJĞĂƌƐ ŽůĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů tŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ϯϮ LJĞĂƌͲŽůĚ zŝƉƉŝĞ ĐŽͲĨŽƵŶĚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚ ďďŝĞ ,ŽīŵĂŶ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ďŽƚŚ Ă ƐƵƌŶĂŵĞ ĂŶĚ Ă ĐŽŵŵŽŶ :ĞǁŝƐŚ ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ dŚĞ ƚǁŽ ,ŽīŵĂŶƐ ƐƉĂƌƌĞĚ ǀĞƌďĂůůLJ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ- ŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĂƐ ďďŝĞ ůŽƵĚůLJ ĂĐĐƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ŽĨ ƌĂŵƉĂŶƚ ďŝĂƐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ :ƵĚŐĞ ,ŽīŵĂŶ ĂĚŵŽŶŝƐŚĞĚ ďďŝĞ ƚŽ ŽďĞLJ ĐŽƵƌƚƌŽŽŵ ĚĞĐŽƌƵŵ ďďŝĞ ,ŽīŵĂŶ ĨƌĞ- ƋƵĞŶƚůLJ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ :ƵĚĂŝƐŵ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƵůƚ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ĨŽƌ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ ƚĞůůŝŶŐ Śŝŵ ŝŶ zŝĚĚŝƐŚ ^ŚĂŶĚĂ ĨƵƌ ĚĞ ŐŽLJĞŵ Žƌ ^ŚĂŵĞ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŶŽŶͲ:ĞǁƐ ĐůĂŝŵŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ǁĂƐ ĂŶ ĞŵďĂƌƌĂƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ :ĞǁŝƐŚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨŽƌ ŚŝƐ ďŝĂƐ ϰ ďďŝĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌŽƵƟŶĞůLJ ŵŝƐďĞŚĂǀĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ƉƵůůŝŶŐ ƉƌĂƚ- ĨĂůůƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƵƌŶŝŶŐ ĂĐƌŽďĂƟĐƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŽŬĞ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƌƵƉƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƌůĞƐ :ĞŶĐŬƐ ĐŝƚĞĚ :ƵĚŐĞ ,ŽīŵĂŶ ŝŶǀŽŬĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŶĂŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚƌŽŽŵƐ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞīŽƌƚ ƚŽ ŐĂŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚ ďďŝĞ ƐĞŝnjŝŶŐ ŽŶ DŝĞƐƐ 'ĞƌŵĂŶ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ĂƐ Ă ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ƚŽ ĂŶƚĂŐŽŶŝnjĞ ƚŚĞ ũƵĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞ ŚŝƐ ŽǁŶ ƚƌŝĂů ƚŽ ƚŚĞ EĂnjŝ ƐŚŽǁ ƚƌŝĂůƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϯϬƐ ƐŚŽƵƚĞĚ DŝĞƐ ǀĂŶ ĚĞƌ ZŽŚĞ ǁĂƐ Ă <ƌĂƵƚ ƚŽŽ ϱ /Ŷ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ďďŝĞ ĐůĂŝŵĞĚ dŚŝƐ ŝƐŶƚ Ă ĐŽƵƌƚ ŝƚƐ Ă ŶĞŽŶ ŽǀĞŶ ϲ ĐŽŵƉĂƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŝĚĚĞĚ ŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ĐĞŝůŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚƌŽŽŵ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞŵĂ- ƟŽŶ ŽǀĞŶƐ ŽĨ ƵƐĐŚǁŝƚnj tŚŽ DŝĞƐ /ŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ĞŶƚĞƌ Courthouse and the Trial of the Chicago Seven DAVID SHANKS ^LJƌĂĐƵƐĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ

Transcript of t Z } U D ] M / v } P v P Z & o v Courthouse and the Trial of the … Meeting... · 2020. 2. 3. ·...

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    Among the many ‘outputs’ from architecture’s ‘black box’ are the historical events that a building has witnessed. This essay interrogates Mies van der Rohe’s Federal Center Courthouse through an analysis of the events of the Trial of the Chicago Seven, which was held there from 1969-70. In doing so, the essay reveals how Mies subverted the conven-

    “the bar” from the courtroom space, which typically divides

    estrangement of the courtroom and of trial procedure that played out in the various forms of misconduct that marked the theatrical trial.

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    Courthouse and the Trial of the Chicago SevenDAVID SHANKS

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    Figure 1. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, courtroom interior, Dirksen Federal Courthouse, Chicago, 1964. (Library of Congress, Carol Highsmith, 2006.)

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    Figure 2. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago Federal Center, Chicago, 1974. (Hedrich Blessing, public domain)

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    Figure 3. Plan of the Dirksen Federal Courthouse. (Produced by the author.)

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    (Verna Sadock)

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    ENDNOTES

    Mies in America

    Desert Sun,

    The Post-Modern Reader

    The Trial

    Mies in America

    Mies van der Rohe at Work

    The Trial

  • 608

    Contempt

    Brecht and Method

    American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley

    A Thousand Plateaus