T-Lymphocyte Scientific Poster

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Cellular Maturation Stages & Clinical Significance T-Lymphocytes, T-Helper Cells & Cytotoxic T Cells Ashley Hamilton College of Southern Maryland Spring 2015 T- Lymphocytes: Cell-mediated Immunity T- Helper Cells: orchestrate an immune response, will call on specific killer cells Cytotoxic T Cells (Killer Cells): matching receptors to the antigen complexes on the infected cells. Will release toxins when it comes in contact. Natural Killer Cells: Have no immunologic memory. Role of Cell in the Body QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ABNORMALITIES Lymphoblast Size: 10-20 μm N:C ratio: 4:1 Chromatin: One – two nucleoli, open-weaved chromatin Cytoplasm: Blue, with deep-blue staining at the edge Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is caused by an increase in lymphoblast cells. Prolymphocyte Size: 9-18 μm N:C ratio: 3:1 Chromatin: Possible nucleoli, slightly coarse chromatin Cytoplasm: Gray-blue, mostly blue at edges An prolymphocytic transformation is the increase in prolymphocyte cells when CLL is transforming to a more aggressive lymphoma Large lymphocyte Size: 7-10 μm N:C ratio: 4:1 Chromatin: Oval eccentric nucleus, clumpy chromatin Cytoplasm: Few, azurophilic, red granules Distinguishing Aspects: Cytoplasm is more abundant, azurophilic granules Large Lymphocytes indicate large granular lymphocyte leukemia, can be either T cell or NK cell. Small lymphocyte Size: 15-18 μm N:C ratio: 3:1 Chromatin: Looser chromatin pattern Cytoplasm: Large amount cytoplasm Distinguishing Aspects: Clumping chromatin around nuclear membrane Small lymphocytic lymphoma is a lymphoma affecting the B-lymphocytes of the immune system. These B-cells may be present in lymph nodes. CELL LINE MATURATION/DISEASES AT EACH STAGE Abnormal Cells Alberts B, J. A. (2002). Lymphocytes and the Cellular Basis of Adaptive Immunity. In J. A. Alberts B, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. (pp. 497-523). New York: Garland Science. Retrieved from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Mayo Clinic Staff. ( 2012, September 15). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from Acute lymphocytic leukemia: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditi ons/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/basics/test s-diagnosis/con-20042915 Territo, M. (2013, January 1). Lymphocytic Leukocytosis. Retrieved from www.merckmanuals.com: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood_dis orders/white_blood_cell_disorders/ lymphocytic_leukocytosis.html Zhang, D. &. (2012, December 8). Ash Education Book. Retrieved from Hematology : http://.hematologylibrary.org/content/2012 References Cytokines and Growth Factors The cytokines used in the T cell line includes, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-7. These are used from the pluripotent stem cell until the cell reaches the T Lymphoblast stage, then cell development is antigen driven. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: increase of the lymphoblast cells in a peripheral smear. Infectious mononucleosis: viral infection, presence of 50% lymphocytes with at least 10% atypical lymphocytes Prolymphocytic Leukemia: A type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Aspiration: Increase of mature small lymphocytes indicates chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Peripheral Smear : Reactive Lymphocytes are a clear indication of infections (particularly viral and rickettsia infections, whooping-cough (pertussis), bacterial infections in infants and young children. infections in infants and young CBC: If the number of T cells is abnormally decreased, this is an indication of AIDS. In conditions, such as infections and blood diseases, there is an abnormal increase in T cells. Neoplastic Chemistries: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Other lymphoid leukemia’s Lymphomas in leukemic phase

Transcript of T-Lymphocyte Scientific Poster

Page 1: T-Lymphocyte Scientific Poster

Cellular Maturation Stages & Clinical SignificanceT-Lymphocytes, T-Helper Cells & Cytotoxic T Cells

Ashley Hamilton MLT 1042 - Professor Terri Domenici

College of Southern MarylandSpring 2015

T- Lymphocytes: Cell-mediated Immunity

T- Helper Cells: orchestrate an immune response, will call on specific killer cells

Cytotoxic T Cells (Killer Cells): matching receptors to the antigen complexes on the infected cells. Will release toxins when it comes in contact.

Natural Killer Cells: Have no immunologic memory.

Role of Cell in the BodyQUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ABNORMALITIES

LymphoblastSize: 10-20 μm N:C ratio: 4:1Chromatin: One – two nucleoli, open-weaved chromatinCytoplasm: Blue, with deep-blue staining at the edge• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is caused by an increase in lymphoblast cells.

ProlymphocyteSize: 9-18 μm N:C ratio: 3:1Chromatin: Possible nucleoli, slightly coarse chromatinCytoplasm: Gray-blue, mostly blue at edges• An prolymphocytic transformation is the increase in prolymphocyte cells when CLL is transforming to a more aggressive lymphoma

Large lymphocyteSize: 7-10 μm N:C ratio: 4:1Chromatin: Oval eccentric nucleus, clumpy chromatinCytoplasm: Few, azurophilic, red granules Distinguishing Aspects: Cytoplasm is more abundant, azurophilic granules• Large Lymphocytes indicate large granular lymphocyte leukemia, can be either T cell or NK cell.

Small lymphocyteSize: 15-18 μm N:C ratio: 3:1Chromatin: Looser chromatin patternCytoplasm: Large amount cytoplasmDistinguishing Aspects: Clumping chromatin around nuclear membrane• Small lymphocytic lymphoma is a lymphoma affecting the B-lymphocytes of the immune system. These B-cells may be present in lymph nodes.

CELL LINE MATURATION/DISEASES AT EACH STAGE

Abnormal Cells

Alberts B, J. A. (2002). Lymphocytes and the Cellular Basis of Adaptive Immunity. In J. A. Alberts B, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. (pp. 497-523). New York: Garland Science. Retrieved from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mayo Clinic Staff. ( 2012, September 15). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from Acute lymphocytic leukemia: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20042915

Territo, M. (2013, January 1). Lymphocytic Leukocytosis. Retrieved from www.merckmanuals.com: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood_disorders/white_blood_cell_disorders/lymphocytic_leukocytosis.html

Zhang, D. &. (2012, December 8). Ash Education Book. Retrieved from Hematology : http://.hematologylibrary.org/content/2012/1/652.full

References

Cytokines and Growth Factors

The cytokines used in the T cell line includes, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-7. These are used from the pluripotent stem cell until the cell reaches the T Lymphoblast stage, then cell development is antigen driven.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: increase of the lymphoblast cells in a peripheral smear.

Infectious mononucleosis: viral infection, presence of 50% lymphocytes with at least 10% atypical lymphocytes

Prolymphocytic Leukemia: A type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Bone Marrow Aspiration: Increase of mature small lymphocytes indicates chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Peripheral Smear: Reactive Lymphocytes are a clear indication of infections (particularly viral and rickettsia infections, whooping-cough (pertussis), bacterial infections in infants and young children. infections in infants and young

CBC: If the number of T cells is abnormally decreased, this is an indication of AIDS. In conditions, such as infections and blood diseases, there is an abnormal increase in T cells.Neoplastic Chemistries: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Other lymphoid leukemia’s Lymphomas in leukemic phase