THE IMMUNE SYSTEMJust the basics

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PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Cells and organs that fight against invaders Platelets – Clot blood Antibodies – helps white blood cells find invaders

quickly, may disable invaders White Blood Cell – surrounds and destroys

invaders B cells and T cells recognizes invaders (MHC proteins) Many, many types that specialize in different things

Lymph Node Hold white blood cells Filters/Traps foreign particles

http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200095.htmhttp://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp18/1802004.html

HOW THE IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

Every cell has proteins on its surface Helps the body identify “self” from “enemy”

Anything without the proteins (or sending unusual chemical signals) gets attacked

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_response.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrYlZJiuf18

White blood cell (yellow) engulfing bacteria enemy (red)

IMMUNE RESPONSES Inflammation = Increase in blood flow to an area + More white blood cells to fight – Swelling, closing passages Fever = Increased temperature + Faster recovery, may slows bacterial growth – Discomfort, may damage your cells Allergies The immune system is triggered by a harmless substance Limiting exposure to decreases the number of antibodies Allergy shots flood the immune system and desensitizes it Runny Nose Trying to clear itself of foreign material, tears draining Pus White blood cells that are fighting and dying protecting you

NUTRITION AND IMMUNE SYSTEM

Malnutrition decreases immune system function.

“Overnutrition” is liked to diabetes and obesity, which decrease immune function.

Healthy immune system: Fresh fruits, Vegetables Some herbs might help (echinacea, licorice,

ginseng, sage, garlic, honey, mushrooms, etc.) Undernourishment of a developing baby can

cause a lifelong impairment of the immune system.

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS NOT PERFECT

Takes time to respond! Allergies = your immune decides something

harmless is an “invader” and responds Autoimmune = your body gets confused and

starts attacking itself (many diseases) Can’t find invaders disguised to look like you

(for example: HIV, some cancers) Fighting an illness takes a lot of energy

You need rest! You need good food! (Calories)

FOUR PATHOGENS(Organisms that you get that make you sick)

(1) BACTERIA

Simple cell Often clone, sometimes reproduce sexually Simple and different from you so it can be

killed with antibiotics Strong ones survive the longest

Take the entire dose or the strong ones survive and reproduce and the medicine won’t work anymore!

Tooth Decay

Food Poisoning (Salmonella)

Strep ThroatTetanus

Diarrhea (E. coli)

(2) PARASITES

Complex animals Avoid hanging out places where they’ll be

found Can be killed if we find a toxin that poisons

them without poisoning you The body has natural defenses (beneficial

bacteria, digestive system that moves well) Poor diet decreases a body’s ability to protect

(constipation, high sugar, alcohol kill beneficial bacteria, etc.)

1.      The hookworm latches on the walls of the colon with its sharp teeth where it feeds on blood. 2.      The tapeworm is the longest parasite. A mature adult can lay one million eggs per day.3.      Tapeworm eggs are embedded in the colon.4.      The roundworm can grow to 20 inches (50 cm) long and lay 200,000 eggs per day.5.      Pinworms migrate outside the colon during the night to lay their eggs around the anus. This causes the nightly itching of many unsuspecting victims

(3) PROTOZOA

Complex cells Sexually reproduce so generations change

quickly We don’t have drugs that are very effective

Toxoplasmosis, Giardia, Dysentery, Malaria

(4) VIRUSES

Much smaller than a cell (DNA & protein) Insert into your cells and hijack your DNA Since they are in your cells they are hard for

the immune system to find! Splicing DNA makes them change quickly Very poor anti-viral drugs