T HE F ERTILE C RESCENT …the Cradle of Civilization.
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Transcript of T HE F ERTILE C RESCENT …the Cradle of Civilization.
THE FERTILE CRESCENT…the Cradle of Civilization
THE FERTILE CRESCENT… WHERE IS IT?
You are here.Fertile Crescent is here.
THE FERTILE CRESCENT… WHERE IS IT?
MESOPOTAMIA… Greek: “The land between rivers”
THE FERTILE CRESCENT
The Fertile Crescent: Crescent-shaped region of fertile land in the
otherwise dry and arid Middle East where the earliest civilizations thrived.
Mesopotamia: Fertile strip of land between and around the Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers in modern day Iraq Greek: “Land between rivers”
Civilization: A centralized society with developed forms of
religion, ways of governing, and learning In Mesopotamia around 3500 BC, villages are
thriving due to agriculture and are growing into larger cities
HOW COULD EACH OF THE FOLLOWING HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION? Working Together?
When people cooperate, they can get more done
Ex: farming
Division of Labor? When people specialize on
certain tasks, they can do those tasks better
Ex: teachers
Technology? Technology: the skills or
knowledge to make products or meet goals
Inventions of tools or processes help us solve problems and be more successful.
Ex: irrigation or the wheel
Religion? Brings people together
Government? Helps to accomplish large tasks Promotes order and protects the
people and their property
Trade? Helps people to exchange
abundant resources for other resources that they may want/need
Promotes wealth
Social Classes? Establishes roles and
expectations of members of society
HOW DO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PLAY A ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF AMERICA?
Working Together?
Division of Labor?
Technology?
Religion?
Government?
Trade?
Social Classes?
THESE ARE THE 7 PILLARS OF CIVILIZATION
TECHNOLOGY IN SUMER
Irrigation Channeling water from rivers to fields
Dikes/Levies Controlling floods
Wheel Moving goods
Monarchy Government Organizing large groups under one efficient ruler
Writing Cuneiform Invented to keep trade records
THE CIVILIZATION OF SUMER
Begins with the growth of City-States These Cities were alternately rivals and
partners in the growth of Sumerian civilization Uruk Ur Kish Nippur Etc… Video
GROWTH OF CIVILIZATION
Farming leads to Villages Villages lead to cities and city-states
Cities required: GOVERNMENT to make laws and decisions and promote
order DIVISION OF LABOR to utilize the work force in benefit of
the city TRADE to exchange plentiful goods for other goods that
you need SOCIAL CLASSES to define the roles of the people for the
good of the city TAXES to pay for the support and defense of the city ARMIES to protect from and/or attack rival cities RELIGION to explain the world
Ziggurats
SOCIAL CLASSES IN SUMER
1. Nobleso Included the King, Priests, and other leaderso The King and the Priests were thought to have a direct link
to the godso Women could be Priests or nobleso This group held most of the wealth
2. Merchants and Skilled Workerso Doctors, bricklayers, scribeso Specialized workerso Often engaged in trade with one another to complete tasks
3. Unskilled Workers and Slaveso Most Slaves were prisoners of waro Slavery wasn’t always a permanent
condition
MESOPOTAMIAN EMPIRES
As city-states continued warring, empires began to form Akkadian Empire
First Mesopotamian Empire Sargon I
Emerged from the city-state of Kish to conquer much of Mesopotamia Tore down walls and boundaries of other city-states
First government to have a standing army Babylonian Empire
Emerged in southern Mesopotamia Hammurabi the Lawgiver
Reformed tax code and system of laws
Assyrian Empire Emerged in northern Mesopotamia Interested in controlling trade routes
MESOPOTAMIAN EMPIRES
POWERWRITE – 2-3 SENTENCES
In your notes:
****Choose one law or rule that you have to follow that you think is unfair and briefly explain why you think it’s unfair.
For discussion:
****Even if the law or rule is unfair, can you think of why it is NECESSARY?
CODE OF HAMMURABI
282 laws covering much of Babylonian life Compiled by Hammurabi Thought to have originated around 1772 B.C. Contributed to stability in the Babylonian
Empire
ISRAELITES
Abram Born in the Sumerian City of Ur Believed in one God
Monotheism – belief in one God Almost all others believed in
multiple gods Abram made a covenant, or
agreement, with his God Abram promised to be faithful to
his God Abram became Abraham God led him and his family to the
land of Canaan
ISRAELITES
Judaism Monotheistic religion that grew among the Israelites Christianity and Islam emerge from the same tradition The Ten Commandments
Given to Moses from God as a set of rules for the Jewish people
The Jewish people built the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah These kingdoms were conquered by the Babylonians and
the Assyrians Eventually the region was conquered by the Romans
Jews revolted against Roman rule Romans changed the name of the region to Palestine and forced the
Jews out Diaspora: people settled far from their ancestral homelands
PHOENICIANS Loose union of city-states north of
Israel Not many natural resources, so
they turned into great traders Developed advanced sailing
technology Developed trading colonies
throughout the Mediterranean Sea Developed an alphabet
This alphabet spreadthroughout Europe throughtrade
LYDIANS
Introduced coined money
First coins were bean sized mixtures of gold and silver
Allowed the money economy to form Set prices Economic stability No more barter