T HE C ENTRAL D OGMA OF B IOLOGY STATES THAT DNA CODES FOR RNA, AND RNA CODES FOR P ROTEINS When DNA...
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Transcript of T HE C ENTRAL D OGMA OF B IOLOGY STATES THAT DNA CODES FOR RNA, AND RNA CODES FOR P ROTEINS When DNA...
THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY STATES
THAT DNA CODES FOR RNA, AND RNA CODES
FOR PROTEINS
When DNA codes for RNA, the process is called TRANSCRIPTION. When RNA codes for proteins, the process is called TRANSLATION.
THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF RNA, HOWEVER ONLY MRNA IS INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION
Name mRNA rRNA tRNA
Function Carries genetic information from DNA during TRANSCRIPTION in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis
Associates with protein to form the ribosome
Transports amino acids to ribosomes during TRANSLATION.
Example
LET’S WATCH TRANSCRIPTION BEFORE WE EXAMINE THE
STEPS! http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007250
7470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__mrna_synthesis__transcription___quiz_1_.html
TRANSCRIPTION STAGE 1: INITIATION
Transcription begins when RNA Polymerase attaches to a PROMOTER on the DNA strand
The promoter determines which of the two DNA strands will serve as the template strand.
The promoter indicates where RNA Polymerase can attach to the DNA strand
A common promoter on the DNA sequence is called the TATA Box. This is around 25 nucleotides from where transcription begins.
Once RNA Polymerase attaches to the promoter, it unwinds the DNA template strand.
RNA synthesis begins moving along the DNA template strand and RNA begins transcribing the DNA template strand. The new strand is created in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What would RNA Polymerase transcribe from the following promoter sequence?
A C A G G C A T A T A
TRANSCRIPTION STAGE 2: ELONGATION RNA Polymerase
moves along the DNA strand and continues to unwind the helix.
Polymerase reads the strand and transcribes a complementary mRNA strand.
As polymerases passes over the strand the mRNA peels away and the DNA helix re-forms.
STAGE 3 TRANSCRIPTION : TERMINATION
Transcription proceeds until after the RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator sequence in DNA.
Shortly past the termination signal, the mRNA is cut from the Polymerase.
How might transcription take place if your body required a large
amount of mRNA to be made from a particular gene?
THE MRNA SEQUENCE IS MODIFIED BEFORE IT LEAVES THE NUCLEUS TO
ENTER THE CYTOPLASM
The 5’ end is capped with a modified guanine nucleotide.Reduces
degradation
The 3’ end received 50-250 adenine nucleotides . Reduces
degradation Aids the mRNA in
exiting the nucleus
A 5’ CAP is added
A POLY A tail is added