CONFERENCE D A N C E

ALLENBY CLUB,

H a n d C o u f t , H o l b o r n ,

L o n d o n

S A T U R D A Y , S E P T . 13th

C O N N O L L Y C L U B

N A T I O N A L C O N F E R E N C E

A l l e n b y C H a n d C o u r t ,

H L o n d o n

SUNDAY S E P T . 19th

. n o . :>() AUGUST, 1943 P r ice

U E s : n u t . . J/ii'.d

•;.TAVE:t' i ..mo - f M n i i i U C i Hi'

ELF A CON

C SPLITTERS

BETTER TRADING RELATIONS DEMAND ORELIM1NARY reports reach us as we go to Press of the • Annual Congress of the Irish Trade Union Congress meeting in Cork. Mr. M. J. Keyes, T.D., in his Presidential address demanded the most drastic punishment for black-marketing and declared that unemployment was the Government's greatest failure.

Mr. James Hickey, Labou Lord Mayor of Cork, welcom-ing the delegates, expressed pleasure at the presence of so many Six-County friends.

In t h e c o u r s e of his P r e s i d e n t i a l address Mr . M. J . K e y e s , T.D., r e f e r -ring to u n e m p l o y m e n t , said :

U n e m p l o y m e n t r e m a i n e d t h e g r e a t e s t of all the G o v e r n m e n t ' s f a i lu res . All k n e w the G o v e r n m e n t ' s special diff icult ies a t the momen t . T h e y did no t min imise t h e difficulties b u t a t no t i m e e i the r be fo re or dur ing t he e m e r g e n c y h a d the G o v e r n -ment m a d e a n y a t t e m p t to g rapp le w i th the problem.

At no t i m e h a d they s h o w n the pre-tence of a p l a n for ab so rb ing t he prac t ic -ally 100.000 u n e m p l o y e d m e n a n d w o m e n into usefu l a n d f r u i t f u l emp loymen t .

They could only come to t he conclus ion tha t the M i n i s t r y h a d no t e v e n ' t h e g l im-mer of r e a l i s a t i on of t h e m a g n i t u d e of t h e problem t h e i r u n e m p l o y e d would p r e s e n t af ter hos t i l i t i es ceased ab road .

The post-war world would be very dif-ferent. Even in this island the world of industry would have radically changed.

"We must, and our organisation must, be prepared to accommodate ourselves to that change, even if we have, so to speak, to do a certain amount of violence to our most cherished traditions, practices and institutions.

"Whether we like it or not, many eggs will be broken in the making of the new omelette, and as men and women of vision, as well as of commonsense, we must face up to that."

RESOLUTION ON FASCISM A KEEN d e b a t e is expected on a n u m -

» » ber of reso lu t ions wh ich t h e B e l f a s t T r a d e s Counci l h a s placed on t h e a g e n d a .

Las t year t he I r i sh T r a d e s Un ion Con-gress d e f e a t e d a resolu t ion ca l l ing u p o n t he workers of I r e l and to do all in the i r power to e n s u r e t h a t F a s c i s m was de-fea ted . T h i s reso lu t ion was opposed on neu t r a l i t y g rounds , a n d wa^ d e f e a t e d by 47 votes to 43. T h e Be l fa s t T r a d e s Counci l h a s th is year p u t a s imi lar r e so lu t ion on

UGLY FACTS UNCOVERED BY LORD STRABOLGI A SHORT debate in the House of

Lords on the 13th July revealed strange and significant things. These things were of so much possible inter-est to British housewives here and to foodstuff producers in Ireland that not a word of them, so far as we could see, was published in the British press, whilst the Dublin papers meekly ac-cepted a soothing syrup paragraph from a News Agency which success-fully disguised unpalatable truths.

Whatever the reasons—they may, of course, have been compelling reasons —for the silence of the British press, the episode reflects little credit on the Dublin papers which have offices and staffs in London and private wires en-abling them to transmit their own news. The " Irish Times," however, did something to sustain the reputa-tion of Irish journalism by its editor-ial comment which showed some vigi-lance and independence of judgment.

LORD Strabolgi, a courageous Scotch peer and member of the Labour

I'arty, did not hesitate to face the facts and to extract an official admis-sion of thera. The facts arc that Bri-tain is receiving from Lire In these war years less than half (in volume) of fresh foodstuffs that she received annually in the period 1926-1930 be-fore the depression of 1931 and the "Economic War" 1932-1938.

A skilful and enterprising policy by the Ministi-y of Food would probably have effected a fifty per cent. Increase on the earlier figure especially when we recall thaj. in the Great War 1911-1918 Ireland supplied Britain with much more foodstuffs than any coun-try in the world except the United States of America. The shortage at current prices is quite £20 million worth of foodstuffs—and may well be £30 millions to £35 millions by com-parison with what Irish production might have been geared up to.

LORD Templemore admitted the very serious decline in the supply

of foodstuffs from Eire. As to the cause of this he made the perfectly fatuous suggestion that Irish and Bri-tish agriculture "are in a very similar position'—ignoring the fact that food production in Britain has soared high whilst food production in Eire has steadily declined.

But the truth came out. He laid it down that it is the policy of His Maj-esty's Government that Irish farmers shall not get as good prices for their imported produce as the British far-mers. He said that it was "prepared to pay a remunerative price for Eire produce." That's all. In the result the bottom was knockcd out of—amongst others—butter and bacon trades in Eire.

SIXTEEN years ago Eire was send-ing annually some 26,000 tons of

butter to Britain at a cost of about £ 4 1 millions. To-day butter is rationed in Eire itself and the export of butter is forbidden by law—and this follows a period during which the Eire Gov-ernment paid export bounties and sub-sidies up to 16/- or so per cwt. to re-compense Irish farmers for selling to Britain below the domestic market price.

The British market prices are re-served for British farmers—they're not for the Irish importer. Are they un-duly high, seeing that they are more than remunerative? No explanation was given. The prices artificially dic-tated by the Ministry of Food have been killing: the Anglo-Irish foodstuffs trade all along the line. And this when famine is menacing Europe!

LET the British consumer reflect upon tills as he and she treasure

up their weekly 2oz. ration of butter —and ponder the fact that Australia is now going short of butter In order to send it half way round-the world to relieve the shortage in Britain!

Henry Harrison

t he agenda , a sk ing t he C o n g r e s s de>• itself to e t e rna l v ig i lance a g a i n s t the dan -ger of Fasc i sm a t h o m e a n a abroad.

Another important resolution sponsored by Belfast calls for trading relations with Great Britain. It asks the Executive Com-mittee of the Irish Trades Union Congress to approach the British Trades Union Con-gress for the purpose of jointly develop-ing a campaign for greater trading rela-tions between Great Britain and the Twenty-Six Counties.

Befas t also asked C o n g r e s s to condemn t h e activit ies of c e r t a i n . I r i sh leaders a n d G o v e r n m e n t leaders in N o r t h e r n I re land, w h o are t ry ing to c r e a t e d isuni ty in t he r a n k s of t he I r i s h people . I t is asking t he I r i sh T r a d e s U n i o n C o n g r e s s to sub-mi t p lans to a special T r a d e s Union Con-gress which will enab le t h e t rade un ions to comba t those s p l i t t i n g activities. T h e reso lu t ion asks t h a t I r i s h T r a d e Union Congress to p u t itself in a posit ion "of be ing able to d i r ec t ly a p p r o a c h t he G o v e r n m e n t s of b o t h t h e Twenty-Six a n d t h e Six Count ies t h e r e b y enabling t h e policy of Congress to be p u t in to effect. ' '

T h e purpose beh ind t h a t resolution is t h a t the I r i sh T r a d e U n i o n Congress h a s h i t h e r t o confined itself to p u t t i n g pressure on t he G o v e r n m e n t of S o u t h e r n I re land. T h e Be l fas t T r a d e s Counc i l wan t s it to t a k e up to a g rea t e r e x t e n t •Northern Ire-l a n d problems, a n d to b r i n g pressure on t h e G o v e r n m e n t of N o r t h e r n I re land also.

By these m e a s u r e s it i s believed t h a t t h e uni ty of t he I r i s h T r a d e Union Move-m e n t could be increased a s a s tep towards t h e uni ty of t he whole I r i s h people.

CALL FOR UNIFICATION A R E S O L U T I O N f r o m t h e Nat ional

- * Execut ive to be discussed, "urges u p o n all Unions t h e u r g e n t need of s teps fo r ear ly un i f i ca t ion u p o n sa t i s fac tory l ines of o rgan i sa t i ons f o r whose separa te ex i s t e tnee and i n d e p e n d e n t operat ion t h e r e is not i ndus t r i a l jus t i f i ca t ion . ' '

T h r e e of 30 mot ions h a v e been tabled by t h e Executive. O n e a s k s p o w e r to appoin t a special commi t tee on e d u c a t i o n to r epor t u p o n the s teps n e c e s s a r y to reorganise t h e educa t iona l sys tem a n d admin i s t r a -t ion for good c i t izenship .

T h e th i rd resolu t ion welcomes t he Na t iona l H e a l t h I n s u r a n c e Society's s c h e m e of add i t iona l bene f i t s , but "pro-t e s t s aga ins t t he c a m p a i g n directed by c e r t a i n medical i n t e r e s t s a g a i n s t the hos-p i t a l benef i ts 6ection of t h e scheme, re-g r e t s the delay th i s c a m p a i g n has occa-s ioned ig the app l i ca t ion of t he hospi tal benef i ts , and d e m a n d s t h a t t h e opposition be wi thd rawn . "

T h e A T . a n d G.W.U. ca l l s for unifica-t ion of all social i n s u r a n c e schemes and inclusion of f ami ly a l lowances , etc.

T h e Ir ish Na t iona l U n i o n of Wood-workers asks Congres s t o d e m a n d t h a t p e r s o n s guilty of o v e r c h a r g i n g for any food commodi ty be i m p r i s o n e d without op t ion of a fine.

E X I T P E R M I T S : C O R R E C T I O N

IRISH FREEDOM regrets that its announcement last month regard-

ing Exit Permits was incorrect. The new regulations whereby a letter

from an employer alone, franked at the nearest police station and operat-ing between July 1st and October 31st, rendering the obtaining of an Exit Permit unnecessary Is valid ONLY for those here on Government permits.

It is NOT applicable to all other Irish residents in BHtaln.

R 5

THE NEWMINISTERS MR. EAMON I)F \ AI.EKA, Minister

for External AKwis. MR. SEAN T. O ( f ALLA1GH, Tan

aiste and Minisuj foi Finance. MR. SEAN LEMASS, Minister for Sup

plies and Minister !<>r Industry anil Commerce.

MR. SEAN MacENTIE, Minister for Local Government and Public Health.

DR. JAMES RYAN Minister for Agri culture. .

MR. FRANK AIKEN. Minister for Co-ordination of Defensive Measures.

TOMAS O BEIHG, Minister for Edu-cation.

MR. GERALD BOl AMI), Minister for Justice.

MR. OSCAR TRAYNOR, Minister for Defence.

MR. PATRICK U T I L E , Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.

MR. SEAN MO VIA.v , Minister for Lands.

MR. EAMON KISVANE T.D., Parlia-mentarv Secretary :< the Taoiseacli and to the Minister for Defence.

MR. PATRICK SMITH, T.D., Parlia-^ mentary Secretary u. the Minister

for Finance. MR. SEAN O'GKALY T.D.. Parlia

mentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce.

DR. FRANCIS WARD T.D., Parlia-mentary Secretary U• the Minister for Local Government and Public Health.

IRISHMEN "TERRORISE BUILDING WORKERS"

—says Foreman "I R I S H l a b o u r e r s employed in Gove rn -' m e n t bu i ld ing work in t h e E a s t e r n

C o u n t i e s a r e accused by b u i l d i n g execu-t ives of g a n g s t e r i s m , s a b o t a g e a n d " t h e b e a t i n g - u p " of fe l low-employees . So, w r i t e s some bui ld ing execut ives to " T h e B u i l d e r . "

N o c h a r g e is yet a d v a n c e d t h a t r ape , a r s o n , or r obbe ry h a v e yet been p r ac t i s ed a s a s idel ine, b u t we expec t t o h e a r o f . i t a n y minu te , f o r u n l i m i t e d q u a n t i t i e s of f a k e i den t i t y a n d i n s u r a n c e c a r d s a r e a l l eged to be h a d for 21s. each , w h i c h com-pe l s us to s ay t h a t such a c u t p r ice will t e n d t o u n d e r m i n e t he D a d e u n i o n r a t e a m o n g t he p r i n t e r s .

Seriously, w h e n is th i s nonsense , so widely publ icised, going to e n d ? M e n d o n o t compla in wi thout good cause. A c o r r e s p o n d e n t , c o m m e n t i n g on t h e above r e p o r t , wr i t e s : " I wish they would f r igh -t e n t h e m a n a g e m e n t h e r e i n t o giving us s o m e t h i n g t o e a t a n d t o m e h o t wa te r to w a s h in."

O u r ed i to r i a l—wri t t en be fo re t h e rece ip t of t h i s r epo r t—urges t h e e x a m i n a t i o n of c o n d i t i o n s on s i tes a:,d in c a m p s .

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGAIN Nego t i a t i ons between off ic ials of Stor-

m o n t a n d of Be l f a s t C o r p o r a t i o n a re t a k -i ng p lace on a s cheme a p p r o v e d by t h e C o r p o r a t i o n , u n d e r which Local G o v e r n -m e n t powers would aga in be vested In t h e m .

T h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r s a i r to be w i t h d r a w n ; o u r Be l f a s t r epo r t e r s t a t es , a n d add i -t i o n a l powers will be vested in t h e T o w n C l e r k a n d h e a d s of d e p a r t m e n t s . An a g r e e d s cheme Is an t i c ipa t ed s h o r t l y a n d t h e n a Bill will be in t roduced a t Stormont , .

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I R I S H F R E E D O M August , 1 9 4 3

DUBLIN HOLD-UP!FIANNA FAIL FORMS GOVERNMENT n a rmed d a y l i u h i hold- : ; ) :r ih • l,-s of Messrs . W D. -.aid :! O lactorv at D o l p h i n s Bar: . Dubl in .

li! 1

i got aw.i;. war-bonu-

\ \ i l h ivmoi

y pa: all :

"NO POSTAL SECRECY," says Norton

M aoiseach at the opening

' of 30. The

W a n •-.vie M: !• i-a --hiiT's de-

• hi- dr iver at

van. in \\ m e n • ill and Mr. Pea!;, of i l l" m : . and M r T. Nolai

d I loin the b a n k w i th ill - money i0.20 a.m . one of the th ree me: :

• d io rward . covered t h e m with a re-r as they s teppi d f r o m l i v van a n d "d t h e m to move a w a y f r o m it.

A second m a n held til) t he employees of no d i spa t ch d e p a r t m e n t at the same t ime.

:••. told t h e m "not to m o v e a n d eve ry th ing would be all r i g h t . " T h e th i rd m a n " e n d ti le van, s t a r t e d t h e engine

;r: .ed towards t h e m a i n gates . Ti le o ther two d a s h e d a f t e r it a n d

- c rumbed in as it g a t h e r e d speed. A f t e r pass ing the ga t e s it t i n n e d a w a y f r o m t h e . it; . The robbe r s l e f t t h r e e bicycles • if; , r t hem.

en-a n a

B U S D R I V E R

W I N S A P P E A L 4 D E C I S I O N a f f e c t i n g 1.600 trolley bus

- • dr ivers a n d c o n d u c t o r s of t he Bel-f a s ; Corpo ra t i on w a s given by J u d g e Black . K.C.. in t h e B e l f a s t Recorder ' s C o u r t , in a n a p p e a l i n which S a m u e l F l y n n , trolley b u s d r ive r , of Henryvi l le S t r e e t . Bel fas t , s o u g h t to set aside a dis-m i s s a l by t he R e s i d e n t M a g i s t r a t e of a c l a i m aga ins t t h e B e l f a s t Corpora t ion fo r a r r e a r s of wages.

T h e appea l a rose out of t he change over f t h e pay week of C o r p o r a t i o n trolley bus

; : r ivers a n d c o n d u c t o r s f r o m T h u r s d a y to W e d n e s d a y to M o n d a y to Sunday . His H o n o u r , in r e v e r s i n g t h e decision of t h e m a g i s t r a t e a n d g r a n t i n g t h e appe l l an t a dec ree for £ 1 8s. 2d. w i t h £ 2 costs in t h e Reco rde r ' s Cour t a n d £ 1 cos t s in t h e P e t t y Sess ions Court , sa id t h e appe l lan t was en-"iiled to say t h a t h e h a d con t inued to •vork under t h e old c o n d i t i o n s a n d t h a t h e h a d never a g r e e d to t h e new sys tem, .nd t h a i it w a s n o t . t h e r e f o r e , b ind ing on

j'iim.

| R . DE. \ A L E . R A was re-electec of the 1 1th Dai l by 67 vo tes to V , a majoritv

L a b o u r ( 1 7 ) , Clann na T a l m h a n (14) Par t ies and t w o Inde-p e n d e n t s did not vote .

Mr. Norton, lor the Labour Par ty , said it was r i a n n a Fail 's du ty , being the largest par ty , to try to fo rm a G o v e r n m e n t . As, howeve r , the L a b o u r Par ty d isagreed w ith 1' i anna 1" ail s policy they could not vote fo r the Tao iseach .

h e was opposed M

ROUNDABOUT To prevent B o r d e r s m u g g l i n g in Ire-

l a n d all m e m b e r s of t h e Roya l Ulster Con-s t a b u l a r y and t h e U l s t e r Special Con-s t a b u l a r y have been g iven power to act a s C u s t o m s Officers. T h i s was a n n o u n c e d :n t h e "London G a z e t t e . "

Following t h e dec i s ion of t he Na t iona l Arb i t r a t i on Board not to recognise t h e Ul s t e r T r a n s p o r t a n d Allied Worke r s ' Un ion , a d e p u t a t i o n f r o m t h i s Union in--erviewed M r . G r a n t . M i n i s t e r of Labour , o n

h e quest ion of t h e Un ion ' s claim f o r r ecogn i t ion by t h e Be l f a s t Corpora t ion a n d the T r a n s p o r t B o a r d . T h e Min i s t e r

.nder took to give cons ide r a t i on to t h e r ep re sen t a t i ons .

A merchant s eaman f r o m Hampsh i r e , G i lbe r t Dickson, a l i a s Young , was sen -

need to t h r e e m o n t h s ' i m p r i s o n m e n t a t Be l f a s t for wear ing a n a v a l u n i f o r m wi th-: . t t a u t h o r i t y a n d h a v i n g no res idence pe rmi t .

R. NORTON said that the Ministry because it contained

.Mr. MacEntcc. who was unli t to be a mem-ber o: any Government in any country where c-ean adminis t ra t ion was valued.

" Deputy MacEntee enjoys the distinc-tiim of having been fired out ol' the Min-istry for Finance, and out of the Ministry for Industry and Commerce, and public life »ill be the healthier and the cleaner it lie were fired out of the Ministry en-tirely. Everybody knows the depths of in-decency of language to which he can stoop. He distinguished himself in the recent elec-tion by indulging in filthy, libellous and slanderous statements against his oppon-ents." He could not be induced, even by the good

example of some of his decent colleagues, to pursue a clean campaign. "He seems to have gone berserk." He accused the Labour Par ty of being Communis t and its members of be-ing Communists , and alleged tha t they got money f rom Communistic sources.

Air. MacEntee published a li l thy. scurri-lous vi tuperat ive advert isement which could only be published "in his own political rag." The other decent papers would not take it.

Mr. .MacEntee was a member of the par ty which sent a delegation to Russia in 1925.

Mr. Norton, continuing, denied that the Labour Par ty had any th ing to do with Com-munism.

A gent leman appointed to a job a t £2.000 a year by the Minister for Indus t ry , was un-scrupulously utilised to get Mr. MacEntee 's agent released f rom work in order to engage in the dissemination of Mr. MacEntee 's lies a n d slanders.

A loud speaker was set up in Aston's Quay and f rom the voice of this agent was sent, across to Transpor t House, where there were employed railway workers, abuse s ta t ing t h a t Mr. J . T. O'Farrel l was an agen t of free-masonry.

Mr. MacFntee h a d asked at R a t h m i n e s : "Will the Labour Party publish part iculars of the money received by t h e m for Labour

[ P a r l y propaganda? If so. ii would be found •*uhat tile bulk of their f u n d s comes f rom

t rade un: ns with headquar te rs in Grea t Bri-ta in ."

The Taoiseach. said Mr. Norton, should take notice of this sentence by Mr. MacEn-tee: "S t range as it may seem. I have had an oppor tu i tny of seeing the acknowledgments ."

The public ought, to know the amount of secrecy there was in the post if Mr. Mac-Entee could state that he had an opportunity of seeing the acknow ledgments from Labour I'arty offices here to British unions for the bulk of money which it was alleged had come from them.

Mr. MacEntee had stated t h a t the Labour Par ty had received £12.000 f r o m British t r a d e unions a n d a f t e r the £12.000, accord-ing to him, came f rom the Communis ts .

Producing a Labour Par ty balance sheet. Mr. Norton challenged anyone to "Ymd not a lone £12,000, but £1.000 as coming f rom Bri t ish unions. "Ananias was a gentleman compared with Mr. MacEntee." Limerick F i a n n a Fail propaganda h a d asked was it not scandalous t ha t Labour P a r t y candidates should suppor t a whispering campaign in t he Army, t ha t t he Party, if elected, would disband the Army so tha t those demobilised

n i l

» A < P l i i M E E T I N G

A J O I N T A n g l o - I r i s h C o m m i t t e e to a c t on b e h a l f of Ir ish w o r k e r s in D a g e j i h a m h a s b e e n f o r m e d f o l l o w i n g a s u c c e s s f u l m e e t i n g c a l l e d

b y t h e D a g e n h a m b r a n c h of t h e C o n n o l l y C l u b at t h e H e a t h w a y C e n t r a l Hal l on t h e q u e s t i o n of local b i l l e t i n g . T h i s h i s t o r i c m e e t i n g a l s o e n d o r s e d a r e s o l u t i o n c a l l i n g u p o n the G o v e r n m e n t t o t a k e s t e p s to p r o v i d e a h o s t e l for w a r w o r k e r s in D a g e n h a m .

H

A.del •he

d i :vd

E

n In hall w;is op

uid wel iham.

A uni ted p i a t l o r m included Mr. P. F D e n n y ' S h o p C o n v e n o r F o r d s i : A l d e r m a n A 1 J . Choi-ley. r e p r e s e n t i n g the D a g e n -na i : Borough Counc i l : Mr . A. Sweet m a n

T r »rt:»i>pi-! and G e n e r a l Workers ' Union M r J O'Coininei i i D a g e n h a m Connolly

. . • and Mr P. C l a n c y London District .-• . retitrv of t he C o n n o l l y Club.

in Chorl ' -y. s p e a k i n e o B.i » :h Counc i l , said l v to . II rac ia l p r e j u d i c e ;

i ')i l:ei... i n t o Dago v.• nt on to s p e a k ol compulsory

b i l i ' i . ; . . All w a s being done t ha t . r«f possible i p r e v e n t t h e u. " o f compul -

1 o r . bi l le t ing p o w e r ; but if it became 11« :>sary they would h a v e to be used. So • r they h a d been h e l p e d out by I l f p r d .

B a r k i n g a n d H o r n e h u r c h . and I hey h a d ••t h a d p i use t h e i r p o w e r s T h e volun-

t a r y m e t h o d was obv ious ly bet ter . Mr . A. S w e e t m a n , t r a d e un ion represen-

ta t ive , sa id t h a t d i f f i cu l t i e s h a d a r i sen jocal ly because of ( h e l ack of a welcoming

M

h a n d to I r i sh workers a r r i v i n g a t Dagen-h a m .

Mr . J . O 'Connel l . on beha l f of t he Com oily Club, sa id t h a t a un i t ed l ronl v..is the solut ion. He dep lo red any local fee l ing t h a t t he I r i sh h a d mere ly come to K i i " ' and to depr ive t he E n g l i s h of th<-ir l m n T h e y h a d come to h e l p t h e indus-Mial war effor t a n d were do ing well.

R P. CLANCY endorsed t h e r e m a r k s >! Mr .1. O 'Connel l . a n d e m p h a s i s e d

ill-- i c e d for closer t ies be tween the I r i s h e n d E n : l i s h workers . On boha l i ol t he I .ndon Connol ly Club lie expressed g ra t i -; :;!•• to all w h o h a d he lped t o m a k e t h e r ' . ee i ing such a success.

R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s on t h e n e w C o m m i t t e e ,\r.' Mr. P. F. Denny (Convenor of Shop Stewards) ; Mr. J. O Connell (Secretary, Dagcnl iam Connolly Club); Mrs. O'Con-nell; Mr. A. Sweetman (T. and G.W.); Mr. H. Barnctt (T. and G.W.); and Mr. Crane, as a representative of the Dagenham public.

could go to EimUuul and get big \v;e.: p r in ter of that s ta tement should be prose-cuted.

MR. J. EVERETT (Lab.i said he wanted to r e fu te a lie tha t the Labour Par ty con-doned the sinking of an I r ish boat .

Mr. MacEniee had charged the Labour P a r t y with gett ing money f r o m Communists, but was ii urn true tha t F i a n n a Fail had received subscriptions from t h e wives of offi-cers of the State'.' How much had they re-ceived from an Irish insurance company and from Hanks?

Jim Larkin, Junior t I . ab . ' s a i d : "Mr. M a c E n t e e h a d done a g rea t se rv ice to the working-c lass movemen t . F o r yea r s they h a d been s u f f e r i n g f r o m f e a r t h a t when c e r t a i n words were t h r o w n a t t h e m they mt t s t h ide the i r h e a d s in t h e s a n d and re-t r e a t . To-day. a f t e r Mr. M a c E n t e e ' s t r ea t -m e n t . the L a b o u r P a r t y r ecogn i sed t h a t t h a t old phobia to sca re t h e m was gone for ever."

WE have received numerous letters protesting against Mr. Herbert

Morrison's speech and join with our readers in deploring a speech designed to maintain rather than end the existing differences between the Irish and the British people.

'WESHALLNOTFORGET' —.UOKK/Sd.V

MR. H E R B E R T M O R R I S O N , H o m e Secre ta ry , who h a s j u s t r e t u r n e d

f r o m a visit t o Be l f a s t , s a id a t a luncheon in L o n d o n :

" T h e loyally of people in N o r t h e r n Ire-l a n d is not only u n d o u b t e d , but a lmos t aggress ive in i t s n a t u r e . G o d he lp any-body who t r ies to t ea r its a p a r t . T h e r e would c e r t a i n l y be a row.

" I have h a d m y views a b o u t I r i sh pol i t ics , but I a m bound t o s a y in t he l i gh t of t he r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n I r e l and a n d th i s c o u n t r y in t h i s w a r i t is bound to h a v e a p e r m a n e n t l y m o d i f y i n g effect on m a n y people 's op in ions in t h i s coun t ry .

" T h e g r e a t t h i n g is t h a t in t h e N o r t h t h e r e h a s been a posi t ive a c t i v e a n d cour-a g e o u s loyal ty to t h e c a u s e of h u m a n f r e e d o m a n d fo r t he d e s t r u c t i o n of a m e n a c e to ou r f r e e d o m a n d l iber t ies .

" S o u t h e r n I r e l a n d , exe rc i s i ng i ts un-d o u b t e d r igh ts , h a s p r e f e r r e d t o r ema in n e u t r a l and . whi le I do n o t w i s h to exag-g e r a t e t h a t a s p e c t of t h e m a t t e r , never-the less we c a n n o t f o rge t—we s h a l l be un -ab le to f o r g e t — t h a t t h a t n o t only indi-c a t e d a s t a t e of m i n d b e t w e e n Eire a n d B r i t a i n w h i c h we h a v e k n o w n fo r m a n y yea r s a n d unde r s tood , bu t t h e t r ag ic t h i n g is t h a t Eire, a c o u n t r y w h i c h l i a s f o u g h t m a n y a ba l t l e for "what i t conce ived to be t h e c a u s e of l i be r ty in o n e w a y o r a n o t h e r , shou ld have s tood a s i d e — n e u t r a l , indif-f e r e n t . to this , o n e of t h e m o s t d r a m a t i c a n d f a t e f u l s t r u g g l e s in t h e h i s t o r y of all m a n k i n d .

" T h a t does n o t s t a n d up too well in the h i s t o r y of t h e na t i ons . "

DEV'S REPLY r i lOSi: who read tlie reported ref-

relary's speeeli to the many battles which our country had fought for what it "conceived" to he the cause of liberty will, I think, go on t:> ask them-selves the question: .Against what country "in one way or another," as Mr. Morrison puts it, had most of these battles to be fought?

They will also ask what country is responsible for the continuing crime of partitioning this ancient nation of Ire-land, and whose is the force that at thrs moment compels almost half a million of our people (including the majorities in South Down and South Armagh, in the counties of Tyroije and Fermanagh, and in Derry City) to en-dure the denial of the "freedom and liberties" for which this war in the "cause of human freedom," again to quote Mr. Morrison, is being fought.

The British Home Secretary may have good reason far neglecting to ask these questions, but the people in the Six Counties who have been cut off fi inn the motherland will not forget to ask them, nor will Irishmen who love Ireland no matter where they live ever oeasc to ask them so long as Partition

^ remains.

URGENT! Wl make an urgent appeal to our

many friends and supporters for greater support tor our 1-'IGHT1N(; l ' l 'M). I he support of recent week-, is in no way commensurate to the cir-culation or influence oi' our paper. We have staunch friends who are regular with their donations and collections, lint there are many thousands of our readers, many of whom have been helped personally by our stall', who have not yet realised their responsibil-ity to support us financially. We ask you to send your contributions now and help us continue the task that we alone are called upon to perform in Britain — flic successful defence of Irishmen and Irish ideals in Britain.

Send for a collec ting card now and do VOl it hit. and let every seller have his Fund box with him.

—I'AT DOOLEY.

FRIENDLY INVASION T W E L V E T H O U S A N D h o l i d a y make r s

L f r o m B e l f a s t spent t h e i r ho l idays in t h e T w e n t y - S i x Count ies d u r i n g t h e week of t h e T w e l f t h .

Spec ia l t r a i n s , wi th a u g m e n t e d customs staff a n d pol ice sea rche r s were on duty a t G o r a g h w o o d .

T h e r e we re , f e w finds.

THE Connolly Club holds its Outdoor Meetings every Sunday at G p.m. in

Connaught Place, Marble Arch end of Edgwate Koad, London.

D e a r E d i t o r . . . Please accept my congratula t ions for the

art icle I read recently relating to the "de-lousing" of I r i s h m e n in the Veter inary Col-lege, Camden Town.

We didn' t m i n d being "de-loused" af ter our experiences in the Kingdom Hotel in Dubl in—a very appropr ia te n a m e for such a place. I have knocked about th is country for sonic years bu t the Kingdom K 'tel was a louse shed of t he first order.

Every bed h a d five men sleeping in it, with four or five beds in a room. It was just like s toring a he rd of cattle. Your art icle hit. t h e nail on t he head .

When wc arr ived at this job ( Essex) I organised the I r i sh and a f t e r a n interview with t he a g e n t finally got rid of t h e Welfare Officer who was no good. Interviewing tile new Welfare Officcr, he met our demands and th rough h is intervention I was made C a m p C o m m a n d a n t . This job is now one of the most con ten ted on the E a s t Coast of England. I t is a great pity t h a t all Irish-m e n a re no t organised in Eng land . If they were then t h e I r ish workers would have proper faci l i t ies everywhere. R. GOOD

I a m a N o r t h e r n Irish lad. proud of it. and also believe in the uni ty of Ireland, which your g r a n d pape r puts fo rward . I am only 16 and work in a fac tory in Gorton (Manches te r i where I sell " I r i sh Freedom." T h a t paper lias taught ' me m o r e about Ire-land t h a n I knew from living t h e r e for years. T h e Connolly Club has a vital p a r t to play in helping the Ir ish in Br i ta in . I want to join your Club. K. HAMILTON

E N D O F H U N G E R STRIKE A F T E R 49 d a y s t he t h r e e i n t e r n e e s who

-1 * were on h u n g e r s t r ike a t t h e C u r r a g h e n d e d t h e i r f a s t .

T h e y are: S. McCool, Stranorlar, County Donegal ; J. O'Doherty, Marl-boro' Avenue, Derry, and T. McLoughlm, urumsna , Co. Roscommon. Thi- n i c e w h o c o m m e n c e d t h e i r s t r ike

on M o n d a y , M a y 24th, a r e in t in C u r r a e h Mi l i t a ry H o s p i t a l .

T

F I V E L A B O U R M A Y O R S T h e e lec t ion of A l d e r m a n Mar t in

O 'Su l l i van . T .D. . a s Lord M a y o r of Dub-lin is a n expres s ion of L a b o u r ' s growing power in t h e Twenty-S ix C o u n t i e s . The L a b o u r P a r t y in t he largest s i ng l e group in t h e Dub l in C o r p o r a t i o n .

Aid. O ' S u l l i v a n , a m e m b e r of t he Co: -p o r a t i o n s i n c e 1930, is a n ex-si crotai I r i s h Counci l . Ra i lway Clerks ' Assoriatioi Dub l in ' s las t L a b o u r Lord M a y o r was Alii-J . P. N a n n e t t i . a Dubl in p r i n t e r , innr, 1907.

T h e r e a r e n o w five L a b o u r Mayoi D u b i n . L i m e r i c k . Wexford a n d Sliuo. • Aid. Hickey, of Cork.

M U T U A L A G R E E M E N T It is qui te unde r ' fundab le tha t In •

Morrison» should disagree with tin- poie • • Fi re a n d welcome the behaviour of Ihe (l eminent, of Nor thern Ireland. Indeed w cannot help doing the same in llii.t v i cognise the positive aid given to our nun. ' : by Nor the rn I re land, where a s Eire e thought fit to abide by neut ra l i ty . "

— Cathol ic Hera'ul

August, 1 9 4 3

C O N T R O V E R S Y

GAELIC LANGUAGE (''lit most urgent and important

(jueslion to be (If.ill u u h tin-Irish language." »» i ti Air. !(,• Valera.

" fhe annual cost ,.1 ihr ;m i.inotinii ni the Irish Language i- C. 15.lie: " so said the Minister of 1 in.nice in ihe Dail oil May :!(itli.

In an adjoining column niiiie; the second quotation abo\e. wr read that the number el unen<plo>ed in l ire is 70.68(i. Since the oulhie.ik ol war 135,000 Irish people have enii grated to Britain, since the founda-tion of the Irish Tree st.ite hcawn only knows how many have left it.

We read the satire of Swiff and laugh at the incidents depicted therein as the happenings of a bygone age or (he products of the satirist's imagina-tion. We see motion pictures of hap-penings in imaginary Central Euro-pean States and laugh at the foolish-ness of these people.

Vet, here under our own noses, in our own country are happening tilings which in their foolishness transcend all the. fantastic imagery of the Swifts or the Goldwyns.

Kven the quotations above do not give the full picture. The unemploy-ment figures are of people on the regis-ters of the Employment Exchanges. Everybody knowing Ireland, particu-larly rural Ireland, knows that there are thousands who have never worked and have never been near an Employ-ment Exchange. Odd jobs now and again, a little money from relatives in Britain or America, have helped to keep them alive, and being brought up to believe that "the poor are always with you" they do not grumble too much.

* * * The sum of C345.493 mentioned

above represents merely the amount of money which the promotion of Irish has cost the Irish people. It is a large amount, sufficient to build about 700 badly-needed houses at C500 each, sufficient to found a multitude of smaJl industries, sufficient to found a large number of travelling scholar-ships so that young Irishmen could go out into the world and see how the non-censored world lives, with the probable salutary effect of a less nar-row-minded outlook in Irish life.

But the financial loss is probably the least of the losses sustained by the Irish people. The losses in retarda-tion of mental development, cultural and technical education, future isola-tion in a Gaelic-speaking glasshouse, industry and commerce must be truly staggering.

To enforce Irish upon Irish people fo whom it is as foreign—and as use-less in these islands—as Sanskrit is lu-dicrous in present circumstances. Chil-dren are educated through Irish and speak English at home; affectatious people begin a letter or speech with "a cara" and end with "mise le meas," leaving the body of the speech or letter to look after itself in English; positions are given preferably to Irish ^ speakers who will conduct the affairs ? of an English-speaking community.

The whole thing savours of a comic- ^ opera state with a bottomless treasury! (?

* * * 3 To-day, Ireland's greatest need is §

men who realise their responsibilities S to their fellow-men; men who will ex- -i amine the question of compulsory Irish—like so inanv other Irish ques- S tions—impassionatelv, retaining that which is of benefit to the community § and rejecting that which is not, irres- S pective of matters of nationality' or country of origin or liow it offends the J tender susceptibilities of those who (v would capitalise nationality. They will }t need to be brave, for they will have to J face the taunts of the nationalistic § poseurs who will call them "anti-Irish," "pro-British," "shoneens," "Im-perialists," or whichever other term is at present popular in political abuse.

Many who realise the heart-breaking futility of present Irish policy fear to move rounter because of the possibility of receiving one of the above labels or losing their jobs.

Surely, the l ime is now at hand to get a proper perspective on things, pul-ling first things first, and ensuring that our people are not so obsessed by the problem of making a living that they have no t ime for culture in any language. Surely, the first needs are good housing, food and clothing, with tile opportunity of work for all fit to work. After that conies the raising of the standard of life for all, health ser-vices, economic reform, (fie full ex-ploitation of Ireland's tremendous na-tural resources and the rest.

There is sufficient thought and work involved in these problems to occupy the whole energies of the "couple of generations" whom Mr. I)e Valera would like to devote to tile restoration of the Irish language.

I R I S H

SAME S H O P . . . DIFFERENT COUNTER

^ M"W ... ' :•. i i I.. ':, • :i inn in ,i

M U S E S -

I H l M W I h \ URSF.S in t he Six c . 1 • ' II h a v e 11:1 I • , t *

r ecommend ; , ioi. oi a : ' i i r S : o n i K • : • I I I ; is . i

• Coin •immo:

Iv. c l a s s

A. U i p r o m : Be l l a -w h i c h u h e n

" T h e a r e put i n t o producin

the ai l i e

a >

:d:

•:: e.f I.iv-.al Work. 1- ' v l» ::•:•. has bi-eom''

ae ' iv : ' " . of '.he Labour : iv a n d ! lie m ow ing s a p -•i:- lor ; hat movement . ' o d i s rup t the uoii.uiL' to s e c t a r i a n i s m a n d by

11 1 lie "Hed Bogev." All. w o r k e r but for yea r s a ss m a n in the ci ty of i n d i c a t i o n of t he use to i :anisu! ion was to be put

Th i ' n po; • l.-ivS I ha! Steps i iv by tile i . 'vances of n t rs ing services

illle ; tld

it to o ens

a re piaci il on a sale. c o m p a r a b l e with thosi n Brit;

L IFT THIS BAN R ti-

ll

u - f XI I D appeals have failed si-( ure the lifting of the hail

the sale and distribution of "II'I I 1.1 I DOM" io the Si \ Counties.

Wc urge our readers, and all i'ricndh organi-atioiis, to send resolutions <!<• mantling the iniicediatc end of this discriminating ban fo Kt. lion. W. I.owrv. K.( . M.IV. .Minister for Home Affairs (>o',eminent of Northern In-land, stornionf, Sielfast.

( -apies of all n-solutioiis should In-sent to "Irish freedom."

al m e n a n d women of Ulster : every o u n c e ol the i r ene rgy

war l iecessi t ies for tin-e l lo r t . and e x t r e m e L a b o u r and Commu-nist activities w h i c h c r e a t e d d i s sa t i s fac -t i on and d i scon ten t mus t not be al lowed to tto unchallenired. " Be l fa s t workers h a v e by bi t ter experi-

e n c e known what a b u s e c a n be m a d e o f t h e word loyal and will a n s w e r Mr. Dalzell by s t r iv in i i for a f u r t h e r u n i t y of t h e work-ing -c l a s s movement , a n d will not be spl i t o n c e aga in by t h e e f f o r t s of Mr. Dalzell a n d h i s class.

O F N E W K I N D UNIONISTS

" r | ' ' H E Ir ish p rob lem is not enclosed wi th in the s h o r e s of I r e l and , but. ex-

t e n d s to Bri tain, w h e r e m a n y t h o u s a n d of o u r coun t rymen a r e now working," said Mr . W. MeCullough. n a t i o n a l sec re t a ry of t h e I r i s h C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , address ing t he r e c e n t Communis t C o n g r e s s in London.

M r . McCullough m a d e a special appea l to t h e Brit ish de lega tes to ass is t I r i s h m e n in B r i t a i n in the d e f e n c e of the i r r i g h t s a n d conditions. He a lso welcomed t he g r o w t h of the L a b o u r M o v e m e n t in t he S ix Count ies a n d d e c l a r e d : "We seek U n i o n i s t s of the bes t kind. Not t he U n i o n i s t s of I m p e r i a l i s m b u t tile Un ion i s t s of t h e I r ish a n d B r i t i s h working class, w o r k i n g together fo r t h e i r common a ims ."

T h e Congress a g r e e d to a new cons t i tu -t ion which b roadens i t s appea l cons ider -ab ly . P l ans were m a d e to increase m e m -b e r s h i p f rom 67,000 to 100.000 by t he end of t h e year.

^ J H ' I i c A n M M . ' i n i M M i \ o < < > *

PRISONERS' STRIKE V J I N C E J u n e 16th a * • pol i t ical p r i sone r s

l a rge n u m b e r of in t he C r u m l i n

R o a d Gaol have been on s t r ike a s a pro-t e s t a g a i n s t hav ing to wear pr ison ga rb . T h e y h a v e refused to w e a r pr ison c lothes , a n d a s a consequence a r e being kep t locked in the i r cells a l l d a y w i thou t ga r -m e n t s .

Mr . J ack Beat t ie , M P., ques t ioned t he M i n i s t e r of Home Af fa i r s a t S t o r m o n t re-g a r d i n g their t r e a t m e n t . Mr, Lowry, K.C., replying, s t a t ed t h a t t he re were no po l i t i ca l prisoners in B e l f a s t Gaol . T h e r e were 20 convicts on t h e convict wing of t h e pr i son who fo r a cons iderab le t ime h a d r e fused to p u t on the i r c lo th ing in t h e d a y time as a f o r m of s t r ike ac t ion in o r d e r to secure w h a t t hey d e m a n d a s po l i t i ca l t r ea tmen t . T h e y would n o t be a l lowed to exercise u n t i l such t ime as they p u t on the g a r m e n t s provided .

V; Brendan Keogh

STEELE IN COURT " E v e r y ellort h a s been m a d e to m a k e it

a p p e a r t h a t I was n e r v o u s a n d a f r a i d . T h e s i l ence of the prison ceil p r even t s me f r o m m a k i n g a pract ical a n s w e r to such a n in-s i n u a t i o n . "

J a m e s Steele, t h e I I t A. leader, m a d e t h e s e r e m a r k s w h e n h e appea red on re-m a n d in tile Bel fas t C u s t o d y Court . Police ev idence , given to t h e Cour t , s ta ted t h a t a p a r t y of 70 police, s o m e of whom car r ied S t e n guns, took p a r t in sea rch ing t h e h o u s e in Amcomri S t r e e t , where S tee le was a r res ted . Steele w a s r e t u r n e d for t r ia l to t h e Belfast City Commiss ion .

5

IO U T H won their football semi-lmal tie

^ wi th OFFALY by a penal ty goal. The OFFALY goalkeeper secured the ball but was impeded by a forward a n d a back. He failed to clear in time and was penalised for holding too long.

The sympathy of every neutral will go to the goalkeeper and the fact tha i such a t i l ing c a n happen calls for an al terat ion in the fulc . We would suggest either tha t for-wards be debarred a l toge ther f rom the paral-lelogram or that the goalkeeper be allowed to throw the ball c lear ; and pick it up as well. We would welcome the opinions oi players on this point.

Before the game it was .said of OFFALY —"If they cut out t he unnecessary hand-passing they may win." After the ma tch OFFALY was sai.d to have lost by an over-indulgence of hand-passing,

UAND-PASSING was evolved, some say by KILDARE, as a way out of a diffi-

culty. Formerly, a selfish, hemmed-in player ei ther held the ball too long or had his kick blocked. A hand-pass to a colleague solved t ha t .

The re was a f u r t h e r development still which will be outlined a t a later date.

If only Gaelic footballers were allowed, not to say encouraged, to watch good soccer, and even to play it, the result would prob-ably lead to the evolution of new and inter-esting developments. If only soccer players were int roduced into Gaelic teams our men migh t learn, for instance, the value of a snappy twenty yard pass off the ground in-s tead of t he eternal scramble to l i f t the ball. If only we realised that "the ban" is more a ban on progress than anything else and that the once good reason for its existence no longer pertains. We shall so realise in time. Let us hope the time will be in our lifetime. r O U T H and LEIX meet in the LEINSTER 1 J final on July 25th. This is the first t ime for these counties to meet in the final. LEIX last won the title in 1938 and LOUTH m 1912.

T h e sensational W A T E R F O R D win over L I M E R I C K was a t r i umph for youth and speed. Those factors carr ied the day in a gruell ing finish in which as many as eight players were down, winded, a t one stage. T H E more sensational ANTRIM win over J- GALWAY in the ALL-IRELAND hurl-

ing semi-final was a contest in styles. AN-T R I M combined to a nicety whereas GAL-WAY sparkled in individual play. ANTRIM took the lead for the first t ime three min-utes f r o m the end. I t is still true tha t a long journey takes the edge off players.

The LANCASHIRE side was disappoint-ing in t h e British football semi-final against W A R W I C K S H I R E played in BIRMINGHAM on J u n e 27th when W A R W I C K S H I R E won 5-9 to nil.

These two teams met in the final last year-when, a f t e s a rousing game, WARWICK-S H I R E won by a nar row margin. In spite of a bril l iant exposition of individ-ualism by CUSH KELLY, and good dogged football f rom a few of h i s colleagues, t h e game was one-sided, monotonous and, con-sequently dull. r j ^ H E Y say in BIRMINGHAM tha t football

T ITLE. It was a grand game and a ei -d.t to t he G.A.A. / vN Ju ly 25th. in B I R M I N G H A M , WAR-* " W I C K S defend thei r football t i t le n: th<-final agains t LONDON who a im to count ' r ba lance their hurling de fea t by the MID LANDERS.

* * *

HOME R E S U L T S Leinstcr Championships:

Football—June 20: Semi-Final, Youth 1.0. OfTafy 2.3. June 27: Semi-Final, Leix 3.8. Carlow 3.6.

Hurling—July 4: Final, Kilkenny 3.9. Dub-lin 2.6.

Munster Championships: Football—June 20: Semi-Final, Tipperarv

3.5, Clare 2.6. July 11: Semi-Final, Cork 1.5, Kerry 1.4.

Hurling.—June 20: Semi-Final, Cork 8.3, Kerry 2.7. July 4: Semi-Final. Waterford 3.7, Limerick 4.3.

Ulster Championships: Football.—June 20: Junior Final, Ferman

agh 3.8, Antrim 2.6. June 20: Senior Ch. Tyrone 1.8, Donegal 0.7. June 27: Antrim 0.13, Down 1.9. Monaghan 3.8, Armagh 3.4. July 4: Semi-Final, Cavan 4.10. Tyrone 1.3. July 11: Semi-Final, Monaghan 1.10. An-trim 1.5.

Connaught Championships: Football.—June 20: Semi-Final, Galway

3.6, Mago 1.3. June 27: Leitrim 4.9, Sligo 2.8. July 4: Semi-Final, Roscommon 2.12. Leitrim 1.3.

British Championships: Football.—June 27: Semi-Final, Warwick-

shire 5.9, Lanes, nil. Hyrling.—July 11: Final, Warwickshire 5.3,

Lanes. 1.7. Nemi-Final, All Ireland Hurling Champion-

ship.—Antrim 7.0, Galway 6.2. * * *

BOXING I1

MEET VOl It IHISII FRIENDS at

THE TARA CLUB 390/1 Brixton Koad, London, S.W.

( I I L I D I I E EVERY WEDNESDAY, SATURDAY and SUNDAY.

Irish and Modern Dances to Frank Lee and his Radio and Recording Tara

Ceildhe Band.

§ South London'n Irinh Social Centre.

draws a bigger following than hurling. We doubt if the en thus iasm of the f ans would survive many su^h displays.

Two-thirds of WARWICKSHIRE 'S total was scored by FR. CAMPBELL and J . CASEY. The ball seldom passed JUDGE and MORAN at midfleld so t h a t for once it could truly be said of a player, T. KENNY, the WARWICKSHIRE goalkeeper, that he aid not get a kick at the ball.

The BRITISH HURLING FINAL in BIR-MINGHAM on July 11th, again between WARWICKSHIRE and LANCS.. followed the pa t t e rn of their try-out on June 6th. Once aca in LANCS. laded out in the second half a n d WARWICKS collected their first British hurl ing championsh ip af ter six years of hard trying.

IN present ing the Cup to t he winning cap-tain. JERRY CASEY, a f t e r the match,

the c h a i r m a n of the Provincial Council, MR. F. S H O R T , gave a special word of praise to the capta in . He said tha t J. CASEY was one of the few survivors of those who. in past years, laid the foundat ion of tha t clay's victory and it was to be hoped thai he would long cont inue to main ta in f h e present hieh s t a n d a r d of WARWICKSHIRE hurling. Amid cheers for winners and losers. J. CASEY was chuircd off the field. ' I ' H E LANCS. fade-out seemed to begin * when J . GLEESON (LANCS.l and M-.

CONNOLLY (WARWICKS.) were ordered by the referee, P O'DONOGHUE. to the line for f ighting. Good men like those ought to know that cool heads win more game* than hot ones.

I t was a f t e r this t h a t WARWICKS col-lected the i r three goals a n d three points to clinch the i r llrst B R I T I S H HURLING

R I S H boxers are in t h e headl ines again, t h i s t ime it is Tommy Armour , Ireland's.

Welterweight, who k.o.'d Eric Boon, the Eng-lish Lightweight Champion , in the fifth round of a ten-round contes t a t Belfast on July 13th.

Boon protested against t he decision, claim-ing h e was h i t while still o n h i s knees, t o to t he Northern I re land Boxing Board of Control, whom I think correct ly turned it. down.

Patsy Quinn defeated Armour a couple of weeks ago and Sean Clancy (Eire) in turn, beat Qu inn very easily on po in t s a t Belfast, shortly af terwards .

Another good Welter is Ger ry Kilcullert (Dublin) who has done so well since t u r n -ing professional

Our two Flyweights, B u n t y Doran a n d Billy Doherty, are doing very well in this, country. Billy is f igh t ing Syd Worgam (Wales) a t Wales in August. I a m confident of a n o t h e r victory for h im .

Another runner has ar r ived in the field for t he I r i sh Heavyweight ti t le, in Maur ice Merr iman, who has arrived h o m e in I re land from Cent ra l America. Maur ice h a s fought three previeus champions, namely Larry Gaias , ex-British and E m p i r e champion Charlos Rutzy, French champion , Eddie Wenstob, Canadian champion . He also ha.< a verdict over Eddie Steele, who if you remember k.o'd Tommy Fa r r . Maurice also fought J ack London in the filial of fhe Wem-bley £1,000 contest in 1938.

I h e a r P a t O'Sullivan is to defend h i s Heavyweight title against Chr is Cole, victor of J a c k Doyle. Mart in T h o r n t o n , an Ir ish Heavyweight fighting in th i s country, I a m sorry to say, broke a bone in h i s r ight h a n d during his last fight at Bristol. I t rust he is lit aga in a f t e r his rest in h i s na t ive Conna-mara . P a t O'Connor ( E i r e ) - E r n i e Roder-ick r e t u r n contest is off owing to O 'Connor ' s injury to his hand. O 'Connor ha s a points verdict over Roderick, Bri t ish Welter cham-pion. JAMES DOYLE

FRIDAY NIGHT IN IIANDSWORTII IS IRISH NIGHT IN BIRMINGHAM

CEILDHE DANCING

SOCIAL ST. FRANCIS I N S T I T U T E ,

WRETHAM ROAD, H A N D S W O R T H (Nr. Hockley Brook) Commences 7 p.m.

Centre for G.A.A. and all I r ish activities.

4 I R I S H F R E E D O M August , 1 9 4 3

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F r o m s e w o p o r - s a r e r e j a i v e - J t t i l e a t t i t u d e t h j ; B i i l i s h pub l i c r n j n i f e s t t o w a r d s Irish w o r k e r s , in s o r r : - cases r e f u s i n g t h e m a c c o m m o d a t i o n i r a r e a s w h e r e t h e y ar<- e n g a g e d on i - n a o n a n t w a r w o r k . E m p l o y e r s h a w ; p u b l i c l y a d v e r t i s e d u i ^ i n g t o w n s p e o p o to s h e w a f r i e n d -l i e r sp ir i t to I r i s h m e n r e q u i r i n g ac-c o m m o d a t i o n i n t h e i r d i s tr i c t ,

T h i s is a g e s t b r : w e w e l c o m e , indi-c a ' n g the spir>«: a n i m a t i n g t h e m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e s o c V o f i ; of t h e B r i t i s h c o m m u n i t y , a n d o n e d e s e r v i n g e m u -l a t i o n by t h o s e c h a r g e d w i t h t h e res-p o n s i b i l i t i e s or i m m i g r a n t l a b o u r . 1 R S H labour i r Br i ta in is n o t used • f or l o v e a lo!"; but b e c a u s e n e c e s -

sity' d e m a n d s it a r a b e c a u s e t h e Bri t -ish G o v e r n m e n t contro l s i ts v o l u m e . A n d it s h o u l d b? u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e c o m b i n e d e f for t ; of the se 150,000 Irish l a b o u r i n g in B r i t a i n ' s f a c t o r i e s , a p a r t f r o m t h e i r c o u n t ? r p a r t s in t h e A r m e d F o r c e s , c o n t r i b u t e . s u b s t a n t i a l l y to t h e c o m m o n e f for t a* all d e m o c r a t s des ir -i n g t h e o v e r t h r o w of F a s c i s m .

T h i s fac t a l o n e c o m m e n d s o u r Irish w o r k e r s to t h o s e in B r i t a i n w h o s e p o l i t i c a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d i n t e r n a -t i o n a l o u t l o o k t r a n s c e n d s t h e rac ia l b i g o t r y of s o m e p o t e n t a t e s of t h e par-ish p u m p w h o v gorous in t h e i r d e n u n c i a t i o n or rac ia l h a t r e d in Ger-m a n y , p r o s e c u t e t h e i r a n t i - I r i s h a n d a n t i - J e w i s h a n t . p a t h i e s h e r e in Bri-t a i n ,

W e are a w a r e t h a t the s o c i a l con-d u c t of s o m e oc our c o u n t r y m e n in B r i t a i n is not at aiJ t i m e s i r r e p r o a c h -a b l e . T h e m i n o r i t y s o m e t i m e s b r i n g di_,.;redit u p o n t h e m a j o r i t y a n d pro-v i d e o p e n i n g s fas- i n d i s c r i m i n a t e at -t a c k s u p o n I r e l a n d But flaunting hos-t i l i t y a n d t h e c o n d i t i o n s , o n e r o u s a n d h u m i l i a t i n g , f r e q u e n t l y a t t a c h e d to t h e p r i v i l e g e of e m p l o y m e n t , c a u s e deveo a n d n a t u r a : r e s e n t m e n t a m o n g o u r p e o p l e in B n t a i n . " j T H E R E F O R E v , e w e l c o m e t h e ac t iv -

' i ty of t h e C o n n o l l y C l u b — e v e r w a t c h f u l in d e f e n c e of t h e r i g h t s a n d c o n d i t i o n s of t h e Irish in B r i t a i n — w h i c h e s t a b l i s h e d the J o i n t A n g l o -Ir i sh C o m m i t t e e in D a g e n h a m f o r t h e h a n d l i n g of t h e s e p r o b l e m s a n d urge t h e w i d e s p r e a d e s t a b l i s h m e n t of s u c h c o m m i t t e e s .

T , t e c o n d i t i o r s of c a m p l a b o u r ; na-t i o n a l h o s t e l s , tl:~ m a i n t e n a n c e of a g r ; e m e n t s b y e m p l o y e r s , t h e u n e v e n r e g u l a t i o n s r e i a : ng to Irish l a b o u r g e n e r a l l y , all t h o s e c a ; i for i i i e c l o s e s t in*. i s t i g a t i o n to p r e v . - n t t h e d e v e l o p -m e n t of a' s o c i r ' s i r e s : w h i c h w o u l d be h a r m f u l to B r i t a i n a n d E i r e .

Ic t h i s c o n n e c t i o n m o r e v i g i l a n c e an;i c o - o p e r a t i a r is r e q u i r e d f r o m thn^ e o f f i c ia l ly c h a r g e d w i t h t h e pro-tc>r:on of I r i s h s u b j e c t s in B r i t a i n . S t r o n g c r i t i c i s m f r e q u e n t l y e x -p r e s s e d b y o u r r e a d e r s of t h e i r in-ahi i ty to s e c u r e h e l p in m a t t e r s w i t h i n the c o m p e t e n c e of t h o s e de-p u t e d to rend 1 • i< D i p l o m a t i c cau-t i o n is n e c e s s a r y But t h e r e a r c occa-s i o n s for d c t e r r r i n a t i c - n a ' s o . T h i s is o n e of t h e m .

EMERGENCY POWERS L »({()! K S plea ill (!>>• 11 lii inr (he release

.>f three huiiijer-'-'.rIKi' ; I tcpublicans was r e f ' t e d . Mr. I>e Va!era ]>'•; >n:,.i!l\ ur^ed the retention of power U* intern. Responsible opinion supports t(:e suppression of internal force's who seek t>> sell Ireland to a foreign enemy. I5ut (lie t ime has eome for an ex-amination of the charges against many inter-nees whose changed oaeiions rt:> not warrant continued interment and who should be released, enabling tliesn to become friendly citizens rather than remain embittered critics.

\ A f H E N the G e r m a n s l a u n c h e d the ir * * big o f f e n s i v e on the K u r s k bu lge or, J u l y 5th, t h e y c o n f i d e n t l y ant ic i -p a t e d a rapid b r e a k t h r o u g h . E v e r y -t h i n g t h e y c o u l d p a c k in to t h e i r b l o w

- m a s s e s of p l a n e s a n d t a n k s w a s i ;ur! ' -J a g a i n s t t h e R e d A . . e y p o s i t i o n s .

T h e S o v i e t d e f e n s e s p r o v e d too p o w e r f u l for t h e m . Not o n l y w a s the a t t a c k he ld , b e t a w e e k l a t e r t h e Red A r m y itself w e t * o v e r to t h e a t t a c k .

A t t h e t i m e of w r i t i n g , t h e g i g a n t i c b a t t l e on the E a s t e r n F r o n t is s t i i l con-t i n u i n g . But it h a s a l r e a d y d e m o n -s t r a t e d the m a s t e r y , of a r m s w h i c h S o v i e t m i l i t a r y p o w e r e x e r c i s e s o v e r t h e f o r c e s of t h e G e r m a n s , a n d the c o m p l e t e f a i l u r e of t h e G e r m a n High C o m m a n d to a t t a i n a n y d e c i s i v e s u c c e s s .

O n t h e f u r t h e r c o u r s e of t h e ba t t l e , t h e s u p e r i o r i t y of S o v i e t m i l i t a r y s c i e n c e wi l l u n d o u b t e d l y b e i n c r e a s -i n g l y r e v e a l e d , w i t h f a r - r e a c h i n g con-S e q u e n c e s on t h e f u t u r e c o u r s e of the w a r .

W A R E N T E R I N G D E C I S I V E S T A G E

j T is e v i d e n t t h a t t h e w a r i n E u r o p e l i a s n o w e n t e r e d u p o n a d e c i s i v e

s t a t u e S i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h t h e b l o w s w h i r h t h e A x i s t r o o p s a r c n o w r o e e w -inr , o n t h e R u s s i a n f r o n t , c o m e t h e b l o w s b e i n g d e l i v e r e d b y t h e A n g l o -A m e r i c a n t r o o p s a g a i n s t t h e A x i s in S i c i l y .

B r i l l i a n t l y e x e c u t e d i n v a s i o n l a n d -i n g s h a v e b e e n r a p i d l y f o l l o w e d u p a n d t h e w a y is n o w o p e n e d f o r a s s a i l -i n g t h e c o n t i n e n t o n a d e c i s i v e s c a l e .

T H E B O M B I N G O F R O M E Y I " " I T H t h e i r u s u a l h y p o c r i s y . A x i s

r a d i o b r o a d c a s t e r s a r e w a i l i n g o v e r t h e b o m b i n g of m i l i t a r y t a r g e t s in R o m e . T h e f i e n d s w h o r u t h l e s s l y b o m b e d c h u r c h e s a n d c h a p e l s a n d w h o i n d u l g e d in b r u t a l o p p r e s s i o n of t h e c l e r g y a r c n o w p r o f e s s i n g t o b e c o n -c e r n e d t h a t r e l i g i o u s a n d c u l t u r a l

i m u l u i t i c s a i r ! r m » u ; n i t n ; s m a y >v c n -I ; i un : . ; e ivd . A n o t h e r i n d i c a t i o n e i t l u - i r ; r e a l a t t i t u d e , h o w e v e r , so l a r a s l'e-i l i g i o n c o n c e r n e d , is r e v e a l e d b y a j r e c e n t F i v e Yhk«> S l a v i a b r o a d c a s t .

T h i s b r o a d c a s t c r e w a', t e n . it-r. t o a s t a t e m e n t c i i c u l a t e d by t h e l e a d e r s h i p of t h e C a t h o l i c G r o u p of t h e L i b e r a -t i o n F r o n t in Yu.uo S l a v i a . in p r o t e s t a g a i n s t t h e a c t s of w o k r . C L of t h e I t a l i a n o c c u p a t i o n a u t h o r i t i e s a g a i n s t C a t h o l i c s .

A X I S P E R S E C U T I O N O F C A T H O L I C S

" T H E s t a t e m e n t d e d a n s t h a t t h e F a s -cast o c c u p a t i o n f o r c e s " a r e n o t

o n l y p e r s e c u t i n g o u r r e l i g i o n a n d e n -g a g i n g i n b l a s p h e m y i n o u r c h u r c h e s , b u t t h e y a r e r e m o v i n g t h o s e p r i e s t s w h o h a v e r e m a i n e d t h e t r u e s o n s of t h e i r p e o p l e a n d a r e h e r o i c a l l y f i g h t -i n g t h e F a s c i s t i n v a d e r s . " T h e l a t e s t F a s c i s t m o v e h a s b e e n t o f o r c e t h e L l u b l j a n a B i s h o p . D r . G r e g o r i R o z -m a n , t o f o r b i d t h e p e r f o r m a n c e of s e r -v i c e s t o D r . M e t h o d i u s M i b u s a . D e a n of t h e E p i s c o p a l A r c h i v e s , w h o j o i n e d t h e r a n k s of t h e P e o p l e ' s L i b e r a t i o n g u e r i l l a a r m y a s r e l i g i o u s c o u n s e l l o r of t h e S l o v e n i a n g u e r i l l a s ^a f f .

T h e p r o t e s t is s i g n e d b y m a n y p r o m i n a n t Y u g o S l a v C a t h o l i c s .

U . S . L A B O U R A N D R O O S E V E L T I ^ R O M N e w Y o r k c o m e s t h e n e w s

t h a t t h e f i v e - m i l l i o n s t r o n g C o n -gi e s s of I n d u s t r i a l ' O r g a n i s a t i o n s ( C . I . O . ) h a s i n i t i a t e d a n a t i o n - w i d e c a m p a i g n t o u n i t e t h e t h r e e m a i n t r a d e u n i o n o r g a n i s a t i o n s — t h e C . I . O . , t h e A m e r c i a n F e d e r a t i o n of L a b o u r a n d t h e R a i l r o a d B r o t h e r h o o d s — i n m i l i t a n t s u p p o r t of P r e s i d e n t R o o s e -v e l t ' s p o l i c y .

T h e c a m p a i g n is b e i n g c o n d u c t e d a r o u n d a five-point p r o g r a m m e W h i c h is d e s i g n e d t o c o u n t e r a c t t h o s e f o r c e s l i k e t h e L e w i s g r o u p a n d t h e a p p e a s e -m e n t e l e m e n t s w h o a r e s e e k i n g t o d i v i d e a n d w e a k e n t h e h o m e f r o n t , c r e a t i n g d i s r u p t i o n a n d c o n f u s i o n .

P R O G R E S S IN L A T I N A M E R I C A

M F A N N Y 11 ILK. I.

s h a p e of t l i e C o l l i e d e n a loi; 'j' j a d o i ' i ' S d e la . A m o r s a L :

| ( C . T . A . L . ) c o n t i n u e s t o eit>v ,< j v e l o p u n d e r t h e a b i " l e . a s i -.•••., ! Y i n c - n t e L o m O a r d o 7 e ' e - b n i r

E s t a b l i s h e d b a r e l y f,\ •.• \ v : , t > ( t h e c o n s t i t u e n t c o n v e n t i o n v r s 1

in S e p t e m b e r 5th— 3 t h . lfl ' i 'i. in M •• C i t y ) , t h e C . T . A . L . n o w h a s o w -m i l l i o n m e m b e r s . I t r e p r e s e n t s -L a t i n - A m e r i c a l a b o u r o r g a i . i s a t i ' o e e p t s m a l l a n a r c h i s t b o d i e s in C a n d t h e A r g e n t i n e . I t s l a r g e s t , a t e d o r g a n i s a t i o n s a r e t h e M o x : e . C o n f e d e r a t i o n of W o r k e r s ( C . T o n e m i l l i o n m e m b e r s ; t h e C u b a n C •. f e d e r a t i o n of W o r k e r s ( h a l f a m i l l i o n t h e G e n e r a l C o n f e d e r a t i o n of W o r k , of A r g e n t i n e , 400.000; a n d t h e C h i ' u . C o n f e d e r a t i o n of W o r k e r s . 350. r m e m b e r s .

I R I S H T . U . C . j ^ O R E M O S T a m o n g s t t h e q u e s t i o n s

t o b e d i s c u s s e d a t t h e I r i s h T r a d e U n i o n C o n g r e s s in C o r k , is t h e r a p : :

w o r s e n i n g of t h e c o n d i t i o n s of w o r k e r s in E i r e .

I n i t s r e p o r t t o t h e C o n g r e s s , t l . N a t i o n a l E x e c u t i v e d e c l a r e s t l i .o w h i l e t h e c o s t of l i v i n g is 60 p e r c o n ; h i g h e r t h a n in 1939, w a g e s h a v e b a n !;• i n c r e a s e d b y 10 p e r c e n t .

E F F E C T O N U N I T Y ' T H E I r i s h T r a d e s U n i o n C o n g r e s s

t h e o n e a l l - I r i s h L a b o u r b o d y en b r a c i n g a s i t d o e s B r i t i s h a n d I n - : t r a d e u n i o n s a n d t r a d e s c o u n c i l s m N. a n d S . I r e l a n d . I n t h i s r e s p e c t it is in m a r k e d c o n t r a s t t o t h e L a b o u r P a r t y , w h i c h is s p l i t i n t o a N o r t h of I r e l a n d L a b o u r P a r t y a n d a L a b o u r P a r t y i n E i r e .

T h e d e l i b e r a t i o n s of t h e I r i s h T r a d e U n i o n C o n g r e s s , t h e r e f o r e , h a v e a n i m -p o r t a n t b e a r i n g o n t h e u n i t y of t h e I r i s h p e o p l e . J R S

PAT'S NOTEBOOK WE SHALL NOT F O R G E T "

' P H E f r u i t s of Mr . H e r b e r t Mor r i son ' ^ -L r ecen t s tudy of P e l m a n i s m n a s been

d r a m a t i c a l l y revea led a t t he T h i r t y Club, b e f o r e t he Six C o u n t y P r e m i e r , S i r Basil Brooke , and . p r e sumab ly , b e f o r e s o m e of B r i t a i n ' s "Black H u n d r e d s . "

B r i t a i n ' s Min i s t e r of "Publ ic Secu r i ty" d id not hes i t a t e to e n d a n g e r it by a pro-voca t ive and i l l - in formed s p e e c h which m a y embi t t e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s in -a m a n n e r never employed a g a i n s t neu t ra l T u r k e y or Sweden . S p a i n or P o r t u g a l .

£ 0 Y A L T Y / 10NVENIENTIA" f o r g e t t i n g t h e recent ' visit of Sir Si a f fo rd C'ripps to Belfas t ' o p a t the Six C o u n t i e s on t h e war pro-d u c t i o n map. Mr Mor r i son a s s u r e s us tha t t h e fo rmer rebels a g a i n s t B r i t a i n ' s Crown a n d Cons t i tu t ion now h a v e a "posit ive loyalty"' to B r i t a i n - - a t a price of course.

R e f e r r i n g to P a r t i t i o n , Mr. Morr ison s a i d : "God help a n y b o d y who t r i e s to tear us a p a r t . " adiHi'u. a.s t h o u g h h e held one of t hose monopol ies which h a v e been ex-i-rcisir.g h im of la te . ". . . t h e r e cer-t a in ly would be a row." I t would b a i n -t e r e s l i n s to h e a r how 11is L a b o u r col-leagues . who recen t ly r e f u s e d hi tn the i n a s u p T s h i p of t h e I .about P a r t y , regard ' i n s s t a t emen t oil ini c rnat iona l i sm by • h e i r defea ted m e m b e r .

BEFORE HE FORGOT shall be unab le to fo rge t , " unr -

" tons!;, dec la red Mr Morr i son , " t h a t in t h i s most d r a m a t i c and f a t e f u l s t ruggle Ei re remained n e u t r a l . " We s e e m to re-cal l an ear l ier " d r a m a t i c a n d f a t e f u l s t r u g g l e " in wh ich Br i ta in w a s engaged w h e n Mr. Mor r i son , no t t h e n exa l t ed to t h e posit ion of Cabinet1 M i n i s t e r "stood as ide , i nd i f f e r en t " in t he consc ien t ious i so la t ion of h i s m a r k e t g a r d e n i n g . T h a t , loo. "does not s t a n d too well in t h e his-t o ry of . . ." Mr. Morrision.

L A B E L S I ) E A D E R S will be pleased to n o t e Mr.

N o r t o n ' s reply isee Page T w o i t o t he loose a n d u n f o u n d e d c h a r g e s m a d e a g a i n s t t h e L a b o u r P a r t y by " M c G i n t y " M a c E n t e e in t he r ecen t elect ions.

I t h a s long been t he fash ion de l i be r a t e ly to t a g s o m e ep i the t , such as " C o m m u n i s t , " to e v e r y p rogress ive movemen t o r p a p e r w h i c h h a s for i ts a ims t he u n i t y a n d f r e e d o m of I r e l a n d a n d he r people . P a r -t i c i p a n t s in I r e l a n d ' s s t ruggle fo r f r e e d o m k n o w t h i s only too well and a n y o n e in d o u b t s h o u l d r e a d Connolly 's w o r k s — o r d r o p a l ine to P e a d a r O D o n n e l l .

L I A R S

IE N E M I E S some t imes seek to a t t a c h a J s i m i l a r label to " I r i sh F r e e d o m . " wi th

t he i n t e n t i o n of d is tor t ing, w h e r e they c a n n o t si lence, th i s voice of t h e I r i s h in B r i t a i n . O u r rep ly is no less e m p h a t i c t h a n M r . Nor ton ' s .

" I r i s h F r e e d o m " is not a " C o m m u n i s t n e w s p a p e r , " bu t a paper e x p r e s s i n g the v i e w p o i n t of every democra t i c s e c t i o n of t he I r i s h people in Br i ta in . F o r t h a t r e a s o n we believe t h a t the " M c g i n t y ' s " on th i s s i d e of the wa te r will be no m o r e suc-c e s s f u l w i th the i r s l ande r s t h a n the i r c o u n t e r p a r t s in I r e l and . On t h e c o n t r a r y , like t h e L a b o u r P a r t y in I re land , we th r ive on it.

S M E L L Y I AM glad to see t h a t "Torch , " t h e Dub-' l in L a b o u r paper , ha s f o r e s t a l l e d the

p u b l i c a t i o n of t he Repor t on Voca t iona l -ism by pub l i sh ing th ree able a r t i c l e s on t h e s u b j e c t by Michae l Colgan, T .C .

V o c a t i o n a l i s m is supposed t o f ind a p l a c e in society for both c a p i t a l a n d l a b o u r a n d is "based on the G u i l d sys t em of o ld . " Of old! Must we a l w a y s go b a c k w a r d ?

C o l g a n opposes Voca t iona l i sm "con v inced t h a t it m e a n s the w e a k e n i n g , if

n o t t h e de s t ruc t i on of t r a d e u n i o n s . " I! a d d s t h a t , "Nazism, F a s c i s m a n d t h e Po:-t u g u e s e C o r p o r a t e S t a t e i d e n t i f y them-selves w i t h t he p r i n c i p l e s advoca t ed bv Voca t iona l i s t s , " a n d conc ludes by sayii . -t h a t i t " smel l s of T o t a l i t a r i a n i s m . " Smells . I t s t i n k s !

I t would be well to enqu i r e i n t o the c r e d e n t i a l s of those w i s h i n g to fois t sr.r'a a s y s t e m upon I r i sh d e m o c r a t s .

AN O L D FR IEND

BO U N D I N G t h r o u g h t h e a r c h w a y ' E u s t o n s ta t ion , w i t h bags s w i n g i r . : i::

h is h a n d s , was Michae l M c l n e r n e y o:i a r e c e n t visi t to L o n d o n .

M i c h a e l was one of t h e f o u n d e r s ot ':• C o n n o l l y Club in B r i t a i n a n d t h e I:.--' ed i to r of our " I r i sh F r e e d o m "—and a v good j o b he m a d e of i t in very clilli' c i r c u m s t a n c e s . He is now ac t ive in •;. work ing-c l a s s m o v e m e n t in Be l fas t d i s t r i c t , where g r e a t d e v e l o p m e n t s • t a k i n g place. "One of t h e m o s t p l twi ! . . : s i gns , " h e said, "is t h e g rowing u n i t y be-t w e e n Ca tho l i c a n d P r o t e s t a n t in i! s t r u g g l e for a be t t e r l i fe ."

E x p r e s s i n g h i s p l e a s u r e a t t he g rowth t he Conno l ly Club a n d t h e u n d o ii; p r e s t i g e of " I r i sh F r e e d o m , " h e urged • his old f r i e n d s in B r i t a i n to: " G r e a t •" a n d o r g a n i s e . T h a t way a lone will l>: :

success , to the I r i s h M o v e m e n t in B: . n or I r e l a n d . "

M i c h a e l was to m e e t me u n d e r t he < on E u s t o n s t a t ion , of w h i c h t h e r e a o 1

I s w e a r it, as t he t e l e p h o n e r n q m r . a t E u s l o n h a s j u s t s w o r n a t m e win : 1

e n q u i r e d how m a n y clocks t h e r e n . were t h e r e . Af t e r t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of h o u r ' s c lock-gazing a t r ave l le r sa id to s " P i t y t h e y h a v e n ' t a b y clock here

{ o r ^ o p f y

At Powerscourt Park, the Two Cities Film U n i t are filming the

B a t t l e of Agincourt. Thousands of Irish w o r k e r s e r e appearing

in the film

P A T R I C K D A L Y , blacksmith, who lives in Enniskerry and has a farrier's shop at Ballybawn, repairs a cross-bow in the armoury tent. It took eight weeks to collect armour, maces, axes, swords, halberds and pikes from all over England. Much of the material uas produced in Eire. Speaking of the compe-tence of the Irish, Laurence Olivier, star and producer, said: "Their reputation for casual-ness and procrastination is a myth. The camp—buildings, tents and plumbing—was built for us with tremendous efficiency in

three weeks."

C A M P B U G L E R is Patrick I.aulor of Dublin, who arrrtjsrs the camp at (i.tiO and blows lights r«: at 11.30. He was a bugler in the I, • l>.F. I - , t i Defence Force). Many of the extras were unemployed and all were members of the l « j l Defence Fori e (Home tiuardl. The Horsemen, recruited mainly from the Twenty-Six Counties, are paid t l per day—double that o f T l l c others. Com-plaints arc few and the general atmosphere *s happy-go-lucky. Lots of us would gladlv exchange places with them for these few pleasant weeks and help oonsume some of

those 2,500 fresh eggs per day!

T H E M O U N T I N G P L A T F O R M is necessary because of the weight of ho r semaVs armour . It takes over an l o u r to equip and mount cavalry. Chr is topher .Murplry. horse dealer I rom Waieri'ord City, brought 19 horses with him. Patr ick Dignam i r i ^ h t i ,

New come, Co. Dublin, once worked in a racing stable, is a wool spinner .

FILM STAR E V E R Y d a y Lord P o w e r s c c u r t a m b l e s d o w n f r c m t h e b i g h o u s e to

i n s p e c t t h e m o v i e p e o p l e g a l l i v a n t i n g o v e r his e s t a t e . A m o n t h a g o , on t h i s Irish d o m a i n , L a u r e n c e O l i v i e r a n d t h r e e s c o r e E n g l i s h t e c h n i c i a n s f r o m T w o C i t i e s F i l m s s t a r t e d r e h e a r s i n g h u n d r e d s of e x t r a s for t h e A g i n c o u r t b a t t l e s e q u e n c e f r o m " H e n r y V." L a n d l o r d P o w e r s c o u r t t a k e s no p a r t in the film b u t , he e x p l a i n s : "I h a v e m y coa t of a r m s s o m e w h e r e on a h o r s e . I s u p p o s e I had a n a n c e s t o r at A g i n c o u r t . "

Powerscour t P a r k , n e a r t he village of E n n i s k e r r y , in Co. Wicklow, u n d u l a t e s over a t h o u s a n d acres . More t h a n half a r e be ing used by t he company . Olivier is en thus i a s t i c a b o u t the locat ion. "A d r e a m lay-out ." h e says, "exac t ly the p lace I had v i s u a l i s e ^ to suit t h e f an -tasy of S h a k e s p e a r e ; t he l i t t le hills, a d j a c e n t woods, pos i t ions for the F r e n c h and Eng l i sh c a m p s a n d a ha l f -mi le r u n for t h e c a m e r a t rack . F ind -ing it was an abso lu t e fluke."

T h i s is Olivier 's first visit to Ei re a n d h e is ecstat ic abou t the he lp fu lnes s , k i n d n e s s and compe tence of t h e L i s h . He confesses : " T h e i r r e p u t a t i o n for c a s u a l n e s s a n d p r o c r a s t i n a t i o n is a m y t h . T h e camp—bui ld ing , tents , p l u m b i n g — w a s buil t for us wi th t re-m e n d o u s efficiency in th ree weeks. And t h e y have shown a n in te l l igen t a p p r e -c i a t i on of w h a t we a re t ry ing to do."

Ei re ' s p lane - f ree skies m a k e an ideal loca t ion for the ba t t l e sequence, which will r u n lor n i n e m i n u t e s in t h e film. Also, the absence of black-out res t r ic-t ions makes it possible to shoot ou tdoor n i g h t scenes. Ex t ras , l abou re r s a n d h o r s e s a re more easily p rocurab le t h a n in Eng land . L^ VERY m o m e n t of the film, w h i c h is ' J in colour, was p lanned in detai l .

T o do this . Olivier a n d a smal l t e a m -assoc ia te p roducer Dal las Bower, a,rt d i r ec to r Paul Sher i f f and a s s i s t a n t Car-m e n Dillon, c o s t u m e des igner Roger P u r s e and his wile, musical d i rec tor S y d n e y Wal ton a n d film edi tor Reggie Be^k—worked closely toge the r .

On the wall of t h e di rector ' s office a r e t i ny r ep roduc t ions on 35 m m . f i lm of met icu lous d r a w i n g s of every shot in t h e ba t t le s> o.uence. Inc luded a re s cenes of the F r e n c h k n i g h t s f lounder-ing in a m a r s h . Engl ish a r c h e r s and foot so'di 'TS beh ind stakes, long shots of "he F r e n c h c h a r g e and a c lose-up ol a cow's head.

A.s associate p :od star—-he plie s H< nry h a n d s lull. H a i l e s . a l e a t h e r lumbi r jaci a n d golf s tockings , m e g a p h o n e , he app> w h e r e a: once.

T h e v, cat he r ha s been unse t t l ed , bri l l iant blue sk ies b< i:i'_' followed by banked clouds a n d squalls of wind and ra in . Tin is Olivier, a f t e r p a i n f u l l y re-h e a r s i n g h u n d r e d s ol h o r s e m e n and foot men. must o f t e n postpone shoo t ing .

He savs. s ad ly : "The t rouble is tha t t he horses a re incl ined to gel t i red and t h e hor semen to forget ."

In spi te of t h e f r u s t r a t i n g w e a t h e r a n d the one rous responsibi l i ty of his f i r s t d i rec t ing job. Olivier keeps a sweet, t e m p e r . W h e n r ehea r s ing ex tended

:cer. d i rec tor and V Olivier h a s Ins dressed usua l ly in

••.el. rul ing breeches id c a r r y i n g a

be everv-ai

MftL * yi . • * TJx-*x

by A L A N R E E V E

PICTURES by R. SAIDMAN

f o r m a t i o n of horsemen h is voice flows f r o m t h e loudspeaker van in waves of po l i t eness—"Everybody p lease ha l t ex-cept Sec t ion 8 - - I ' d like you to t ry it at a s t e a d y t ro t th is t ime, p lease ." a n d so o n .

A f t e r a successful day 's s h o o t i n g he o r d e r s a glass of G u i n n e s s for each e x t r a ""on the house." F o r t h i s and o t h e r r e a s o n s he is very p o p u l a r wi th t he m e n . T H E e x t r a s are a diverse a n d p ic tur -' e s q u e crowd. They m a y no t shave

or h a v e a ha i r -cut for t he d u r a t i o n of t h e i r c o n t r a c t s . Consequent ly , out of c o s t u m e a n d dressed in mot ley f a sh ion , tweeds , coloured swea te r s a n d sh i r t s , b r o w n a n d navy blue r e a d y - m a d e suits , t h e y look like men f r o m the world 's w a t e r f r o n t s .

F i t t e d ou t in the kale idoscopic tunics , t i g h t s a n d t a b a r d s of t he f i f t e e n t h cen-t u r y a n d bea r ing hera ld ic sh ie lds and p e n n a n t s , they sp lash t he g r e e n fields of P o w e r s c o u r t wi th vivid yellows, o r a n g e s , blues and c r imsons .

T h e r e a r e 510 foo tmen a n d 164 horse-men . T h e foo tmen come f r o m n e a r b y c o u n t i e s , a r e mostly u n e m p l o y e d and all m e m b e r s of t he Local Defence Force , E i re ' s Home G u a r d . T h e horse-m e n . on t h e ' o t h e r h a n d , h a v e been re-c r u i t e d f r o m the Twen ty -S ix C o u n t i e s a n d a r e paid £ 1 a day, doub le tha t of t h e o t h e r s . Horse a n d f o o t m e n sleep a n d e a t in s e p a r a t e t en t s but s h a r e t he

T I M M U R P H Y brought twenty horses from Waterford, his home, and rented them to the unit at C3 a week each plus fodder. I.ate arrivals laugh at friends who wear newly-fitted costumes. I^ird Powerscourt said: "You'll all l>e had up for Iwing inde-

cently dressed."

s a m e food a n d s t a n d a r d s of c o m f o r t . C o m p l a i n t s a r e few a n d t h e g e n e r a l a t m o s p h e r e is happy-go- lucky , t h a t 'of a m o n s t e r p icn ic .

Food is p l e n t i f u l - by F n ^ l r - h s t a n -dards , a b u n d a n t . Every week : h e c a m p mops up 20.000 n e w laid esjes. 500 gal-lons of mi lk . 75 ga l lons of e n a m . 5.400 lbs. of mea t , 3.500 cabbages . I n c h a r g e of cooking, jol ly W i l f r e d R i o r d a n h a s been chef a t exclus ive D u b l i n ho te l s . He f inds h o r s e m e n t h e heav ies t e a t e r s : six eggs e a c h fo r b r e a k f a s t ,s n o t a n u n c o m m o n p o r t i o n . His oddest r e q u e s t came f r o m ". . . a fel low f r o m W a t e r f o r d . H e a sked m e fo r t r i p e f o r b r e a k f a s t . "

T h e c a m p b a r opens t h r e e n i g h t s a week, b u l t h o s e w h o h a v e leave p a s s e s •issued on a l t e r n a t e n i g h t s to f o o t m e n , n igh t ly to h o r s e m e n i p a t r o n i z e t h e th ree p u b s of E n n i s k e r r y , or t a k e t h e bus to B r a y , f o u r mi les away . B o t h towns h a v e p ro f i t ed f r o m th i s in f lux of bearded m e n , whose weekly s a l a r y cheque a m o u n t s to s o m e t h i n g l ike £2.000. L i t t l e E n n i s k e r r y . w i th a p o p u -lation of 370. is a boom town. I t s h a l f -dozen s h o p s do a r o a r i n g bus iness . M r s . Magee, b u t c h e r ' s wife, s ays of t h e c a m p : " I t ' s been a g r e a t a d d i t i o n to the vil lage indeed . " S h e s p e a k s s in -cerely: h e r h u s b a n d suppl ies Ihe c a m p wi th mos t of i ts m e a t .

E n n i s k e r r y ' s s ing le " t a x i " is a s h a n t y car be long ing to elderly J o s e p h Troy . Several t i m e s a day he dr ives •privi leged visitors to t h e c a m p . F i f t e e n t h o u s a n d people h a v e a p p l i e d to see t he filming, but. p e r m i t s a r e g r a n t e d s p a r i n g l y . A c a r e f u l g u a r d is k e p t u p o n t h e g a t e a n d all p e r m i t s a r e checked .

4 " S I D E - S H O W " t h a t f a s c i n a t e s ^ ' v is i tors to Powerscoiu ' t is a r c h e r y prac t ice . H o r a c e B. H a m m o n d . D u b l i n m e r c h a n t a n d a r c h e r y exper t , i n s t r u c t s the h u n d r e d m e c h a n i c s , grocers , c lerks , labourers , s t u d e n t s , b u t c h e r s a n d f i t t e r s who a r e to s a v e t he E n g l i s h l i ne s a t Agincour t . O n e on looker sa id , a f t e r duck ing a n e r r a n t a r r o w : " T h e y ' r e ge t -t in ' good; izive em a f o r t n i g h t a n d they'l l be t a k e r s p a r k s off t h e t r e e s over t he r e , " T h e long bows used a r e c l u m s i e r t h a n t h e correct w e a p o n s a n d the thick, s c r i m f e a t h e r e d a r r o w s c a r r y for only 20 '. a r r i s or so. B it t h e l e a r n e r s a re g a i n i n g a c c u r a c y a n d a r r o w s will fly thick a n d fas t in t he tilin.

O l i v i e r ',V;; S SlCfl. i l l 11101110111 Of re laxa t ion , p l a y i n g a qua in t a r c h e r y came, a p p a r e n t l y of h i s oah i n v e n t i o n . T h e l o a d c a r p e n t e r ' h o : s n o w s f r o m a crossbow civ r some n i p h o n e wi re s towards h im . Ol v i r , w . ' h g rea t ag i l i ty and not w i t h o u t succi ss. s p r a n g to ca t ch t i i em.

Pawei scour : is a h a p p y c a m p . E n g l i s h and I r i sh get a l o n g well t o g e t h e r . A nd it is a h a r d w o r k i n g c a m p . E v e n t h o s e ten m y s t e r i o u s men c a r r y i n g spades , whom vis i to rs s o m e t i m e s g l impse on t h e skyline, a r e kep t busy. T o t h e m ' g o t h e t h a n k s of t h e h o r s e m e n .

For l.heir j o b is to (ill u p t h e ho les made e a c h n i g h t by sad ly f r u s t r a t e d r abb i t s !

u

to

You Can ( I ) Pass this copy on: (2) Take supplies for your area: (3) Collect for our fund now

6 I R I S H F R E E D O M August, 1943

LONG. LONG A INTERCOURSE BETWEEN BOL-SHEVISM ANQ SINN FE IN

• • : . ! t I *\YIN( i)( >(".'? :! .X ; ; I : : • ' M M ' M J K I ) •.:< m m IN

Dublin. J u n e 15. !!'."! A : " '.la u r . i r F r iend .

— i: ' •:•.•;.!:.• I)M\U1 si -.111' Russia?: Snctal..-I-'. •.•:';.! S i 1 o t Hi-pitbiic, a n d the Ri.: ,.bl.,' • I r e l a n d ; • • . •; J t (' r v.itli ccipics Hi obse rva t i on t h e r e o n by (hi ' P r e s iden t a n d Dr . M e C a r t a n

.Yum- a' m e a s . 1 a m wi th n > p u - : . s a a t i c d a

1 )1 A K M l ' I D O. L. E I G C E f J R T I U G H DER.MOT O ' H E G A R T Y

O n e >jf t h e Sec re t a r i e s to Dai : E n . a n : : D. F i t / e e l a i d . Esq. . T.D. ; Min is te r ot P r o p a g a n d a .

M e m o r a n d u m by t h e Pres ident on R u s s i a .

A' mi >saae f r o m Dr. M c O a r t a n t h e R . i R u s s i a n Miss ioh . wi th a proposa l w h i c h s l v i l d be very ca ru fu l ly cons idered by t h e ( ' abu l i a , tlrst a s lo its advisabili ty a : al l . a n a -ccondiv . if advisable , w h a t l i i ' m s s h o u l d iji .nclt ided so a s ;o ttive us t h e u r t a t i s t ad -va i i ia_ : T h e commerc i a l t e rms . ii t hey could be secured , desp i te t h e cflort.s of ti'.e B r i t i s h lo r e n d e r t h e m n u s a t o r y . would be clestytned so a s to use t h e m as a lever to br inu por t ions of t h e N o r t h — " U l s t e r ' ' — t o t h e s ide of t h e Repub l i c . T h e C h u r c h m a n -d a t e would also be usefu l a n d t h e idea of grouping' a L e a g u e of Na t ions r o u n d R. is c a p a b l e of a good deal of deve lopmen t . Also t h e i m p o r t a n c e of having' a c en t r e l'or o u r e a s t e r n ac t iv i t i es m u s t be borne in m i n d .

I h a v e not. finally m a d e up my own m i n d on t h e ques t ion of a publ i shed a g r e e m e n t , bu t I ce r t a in ly a m of opinion t h a t t h e mis-s ion shou ld go a n d t h a t the whole ques t i on be t a k e n up very seriously. W h e n t h o s e w h o h a v e it in h a n d h a v e the p roposed t e r m s p rope r ly h a m m e r e d out I will give m y own decis ion a n d s e n d f o r w a r d such r e c o m m e n -d a t i o n s as s eem adv i sab le to me . T h e d o c u -m e n t w h i c h t h e doc to r is s end ing a n d t h e s e c o m m e n t s of m i n e a r e merely p r e l i m i n a r i e s w h i c h will e n a b l e you to t h i n k over a n d dis-cuss t h e m a t t e r in a n t i c i p a t i o n .

Bes ides t h e d o c t o r you shou ld a r r a n t t e to h a v e a s t r ong l a b o u r m a n . lor e x a m p l e . J o h n s o n or O ' B r i e n , wi th somebody whose t e n d e n c i e s a r e n o t so social is t ic a n d w h o k n o w s indus t r i a l condi t ions . W e r e F a w s i t t ava i l ab le h e would be t h e m a n t h a t wou ld occu r to my m i n d . H e suggests L. de Rois te . I w o n d e r h a v e we anybody who k n o w s R u s -s i a n ?

T h e m e n a t t h i s s ide (i.e.. t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of A m e r i c a I r e p r e s e n t i n g R . m a y n o t h a v e c r eden t i a l s a t all en t i t l ing t h e m to speak for the i r G o v e r n m e n t . T h i s is a po in t w h i c h m u s t n o t be fo rgo t t en . They m a y be s imply s e l f - a p p o i n t e d .

I f e a r you will f ind th i s d e s p a t c h r a t h e r s c r a p p y . It is w r i t t e n as I a m r u s h i n g fo r a t r a i n wi th a n u m b e r of people c o m i n g in a n d out . R e m e m b e r it is only a n t i c i p a t o r y .

':.•:••. ttt i'aei ::ie, p a r i \ .

,y ;•> ti( iv.' So-.,<•: Hi 'puhli t i t n t l t r u ik i s in ":ia . i i t •"' .mmodi t les ai r exourteii , r o m

Et . -.a ;o i n l and e i t h e r directly or na i i -: • . : ! i v ';s>i\. throiH'h the med ium in-

, i " Republ ic nl I r e l a n d , a n d a: pr ices ..:ul ,! tent ts a e r e e d u p o n with tha t Ck-vrmmi-Mt.

C. l i te G e i o m m e n t of t h e Hum ian Socta'.-.-• Federal Soviet Repub l t e aa rces to p lace

' o r d e r s it .r w h a t e v e r commodi t i e s m a y be Isutalii m I r e l a n d only t h r o u g h t h e i n s t i t u -t ions de s igna t ed by t h e G o v e r n m e n t of t h e Republic of I r e l a n d so f a r as these privi-iet.es are a p p l i c a b l e to such ins t i tu t ions .

9. T h e pr ivi leges ou t l ined in t h e p reced ing two p a r a g r a p h s (7 a n d 8> will e x t e n d to i n t ra - t e r r i to r i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s control led by the G o v e r n m e n t of t h e Repub l i c of I r e l a n d m so fa r as t h e s e pr ivi leges a re a p p l i c a b l e to such i n s t i t u t i ons .

10. T h e G o v e r n m e n t of t h e Russ i an So-cialist Federa l Soviet Repub l i c will invi te a n d accept t h e serv ices of c i t izens of t h e R e -publ ic of I r e l a n d in t h e r econs t ruc t i on of Russ ian indus t r i e s , a n d give special cons id -. r a t ion to o i l e r s of services m a d e t h r o u g h th.e G o v e r n m e n t a l agenc ies of t h e R e p u b l i c o: I r e l and , a n d to persons a n d con-cerns r e c o m m e n d e d by t h e G o v e r n m e n t of t h e Republ ic of I r e l a n d for t h e g r a n t i n g of concessions for t h e exp lo i t a t ions of t h e n a -tura l resources of Russ i a .

11. T h e G o v e r n m e n t of t h e Republ ic of I r e l and p ledges i tself to f ac i l i t a t e by all pos-sible m e a n s t h e e f f o r t s to b r i n s s a n i t a r y a n d medical relief to t h e people of Russ ia .

12. '1 he a v o w e d pu rpose of the c o n t r a c t -ing pa r t i e s be ing to e n d imper ia l i s t ic ex-ploi ta t ion, lo e n s u r e t h e f r e e d o m of t h e world 's h i g h w a y s , to b r ing about un ive r sa l d i s a r m a m e n t , to m a k e obl igatory the a r b i -t ra t ion of all i n t e r n a t i o n a l d isputes , a n d to secure peace to t h e peoples of t h e wor ld , they agree to e n t e r i n to a league wi th s imi -larly minded n a t i o n s , each n a t i o n to be r e -presen ted by d e l e g a t e s f ree ly elected by t h e i r na t iona ls .

T11I1 s t ress a n d s to rm of pol i t ica l s t r u g g l e h a s o f t en led to (lie use of ou tworn t a c t i . s a g a i n s t o p p o n e n t s — h e n c e S c a n M a d l n t e e ' s r e \ i \ a l of t h e Ked l iogtv

a g a i n s t l a b o u r in t h e r ecen t l i be l l ous . H e r e is a copy of ( nid. l.'!'!6. prl.-c Id issued by M M . Sta t ionery OUicc, I .ondon, p u r p o r t i n g to be d r a l t of a proposed t reaty between t h e Ir ish K< public a n d t h e Soviet Un ion when bo th coun t r i e s were s t r iv ing lor re: igni t ion in lii'Jtl. At tli.il t ime I r e l a n d looked with f avou r upon t h e M i \ i c K mIki mci." a m o n g t h e lirsl lo recognise t h e Republ ic . An Ir ish dc i - 'ga t ieo lalci \ i s i t cd tin* Soviet Union w i t h o u t r e a c h i n g a n a g r e e m e n t .

. a i l J l y . .1. a n d I I ' . oil Monday . Mia- l i i i ' i e to rc be t i l lered he re a n d I'..v. Mil al ill 1 will d i scuss tile conn

. a •> et• of ,t to-night w i t h a view of imprn'wiiieii t it it.1 c an suggest a n y t h i n g for i t - i i i i ] ' t owment ill t h i s r e spec t .

T h e Pres ident r e t e r r e d to t h e wisdom of publ ' tea ' 1 know they wan t publ ic i ty ot i l a n d , in iiriiieiple. a r e opposed to secret t r ea -ties. T h e r e is no use in s e n d i n g a Miss ion if we a re a f r a i d lo t a k e t h e consequences . I know f rom my t a l k s wi th t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a -tives he re t h a t t h e y would only l a u g h a t us a n d t r ea t us as w e l l - m e a n i n g b u t cowardly fools ll we p roposed such a course , II seems to nie t h e r e f o r e we h a v e lo go t h e whole way or not s t a r t a! all . T h e r e is n o m i d d l e course.

As to t h e pe r sonne l of t h e Miss ion the un-d e r s t a n d i n g at p r e s e n t is t h a t I sha l l be in c h a r g e of t h e Miss ion, a n d t h a t J o h n T. R y a n , ol B u f f a l o , w h o h a d to leave t h i s country on a c c o u n t of h i s ac t iv i t i e s on our beh. i l l . be a n o t h e r m e m b e r . T h e P r e s i d e n t h a s sugges ted o t h e r n a m e s . Pe r sona l ly I t h i n k t h e Miss ion shou ld be s m a l l in t h e b e g i n n t n a . a n d a d d i t i o n s m a d e to it in t h e way of expe r t s a s occas ion a r i ses . T h e ex-p e r t s mi "lit be only t e m p o r a r y . T h e expe r t s m i g h t not a l w a y s be S i n n F e i n e r s .

As f a r as I a m pe r sona l ly c o n c e r n e d , I 'll go only on c o n d i t i o n t h a t I ge t p l e n a r y powers , a n d t h a t I sha l l h a v e abso lu t e au -thori ty no m a t t e r who is sen t to m a k e f ina l dec is ion in case of d i s a g r e e m e n t . T h i s m a y s e e m at f i r s t s i g h t a n e x t r a o r d i n a r y d e m a n d , bu t it is t h e on ly s a t i s f a c t o r y course . F r a n k -l in. when s e n t f r o m th i s c o u n t r y lo F r a n c e , h a d no e n d of w r a n g l e s w i t h h i s col leagues, a n d in the e n d h a d to t a k e t h e bull by t h e h o r n s a n d a c t as h i s own j u d g m e n t dic-t a t e d . C a s e m e n t h a d no t fu l l powers f r o m h o m e with t h e r e su l t t h a t Devoy was con-s t a n t l y u n d e r m i n i n g h i m f r o m New York a n d le f t h i m to a n e x t e n t power less a n d even suspec ted . I t is t h e s a m e in all such cases , a n d h i s to ry is c o n s t a n t l y r e p e a t i n g it-se l f . I h a v e no t so f a r d i scussed t h i s a spec t of t h e ques t ion wi th t h e P r e s i d e n t , bu t will

Draft of Proposed Treaty between the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic

and the Republic of Ireland

Desi rous of p r o m o t i n g .peaceful a n d f r i e n d l y r e l a t i o n s be tween all n a t i o n s of t h e world , a n d espec ia l ly be tween t h e peop le of R u s s i a a n d t h e people of I r e l and , a n d s t r iv-ing to co-opera te in t h e in te res t of t h e ad -v a n c e m e n t of t h e h u m a n race a n d f o r t h e l ibe ra t ion of all people f r o m impe r i a l i s t i c exp lo i t a t ion a n d oppress ion, t h e G o v e r n -m e n t s of t h e R u s s i a n Socialist F e d e r a l Sovie t Repub l i c a n d of the1 Republ ic of I r e l a n d , by a u t h o r i t y c o n f e r r e d upon t h e m by t h e i r res-pec t ive cons t i t u t i ons , a n d m t h e n a m e of t h e people of R u s s i a a n d the people of I re -l a n d . agree a s fo l lows :—

1. T h e G o v e r n m e n t of the Repub l i c of I r e l a n d pledges i tself , its resources a n d i t s in f luence , to p r o m o t e t h e recogni t ion of t h e •sovereignty of t h e R u s s i a n Socialist F e d e r a l Soviet Republ ic by t h e na t i ons of t h e wor ld .

2. T h e G o v e r n m e n t of the R u s s i a n Socia l -ist Federa l Soviet Republ ic pledges i tself , i ts resources a n d i ts in f luence lo p r o m o t e t h e reeoLtnition of t h e sovereignty of t h e R e p u b -lic ol I r e l and by t h e na t i ons of t h e wor ld .

11. The G o v e r n m e n t of the R e p u b l i c of I r e l a n d pledges itself to exert i ts i n f l u e n c e on all o r g a n i s a t i o n s a n d e l emen t s w h i c h a r e respons ive to it in o r d e r to p reven t t h e t r a n s -por ta t ion of a r m s , m u n i t i o n s a n d m i l i t a r y .s'ippi es i n t e n d e d for use aea in s t t h e R u s s i a n Socialist Fede ra l Sov ie t Republ ic .

4 T h e G o v e r n m e n t of t h e R u s s i a n Soc ia l -is' f e d e r a l Sov ie t Repub l i c u n d e r t a k e s to o a r ' p ressure o n a n y na t ion , o r g a n i s a t i o n or gr ap ol people w i th w h o m it h a s i n f l u e n c e to ;>:"vem t h e s h i p m e n t of a rms , m u n i t i o n s a n d mi l i ta ry s u p p l i e s i n t e n d e d l o r use a g a i n 'In R e p u b l i c of I r e l and .

5. T h e G n ' . e r n m e n t of t h e R u s s i a n Soc ia l -is t Fede ra l So-.u" Repub l i c acco rds to all r e l ig ious d e n o m i n a t i o n s r ep re sen t ed In t h e R e p u b l i c of I r e l a n d every r igh t a c c o r d e d to r e l ig ious sec t s by t h e R u s s i a n C o n s t i t u t i o n , a n d e n t r u s t s to th<- acc red i t ed r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e R e p u b l i c ol I r e l and in Russ ia t h e in-t e r e s t s of t h e R o m a n Catho l ic C h u r c h w i t h i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h e Russ i an Socia l i s t F e d e r a l Bov ie t Repub l i c .

B. If afcy n a t i o n where only o n e of t h e BDnt rac t ing p a r t i e s haS1 d ip lomat i c f a c i l i t i e s

NEVER SO WELL EQUIPPED r T H E Connol ly Club is now more f i rmly

1 e s tab l i shed t h a n ever, and can c l a i m a place a m o n g t h e m a n y historic Asso-c ia t ions of I r i s h m e n in England, w h i c h have c o n t r i b u t e d to the progress of both countries . Its i n f l u e n c e e x t e n d s to t h e remotest c a m p s i t e s a n d its ideas h a v e won a c c e p t a n c e in the mos t var ied quarters.

At our f o r t h c o m i n g Congress , w h i c h will take p l a c e in London on S e p t e m b e r 18th and 19th, r e m a r k a b l e progress c a n be recorded. N e w b r a n c h e s have b e e n formed in O x f o r d , Luton, Leicester, Nor-wich and M a n c h e s t e r , wh i l e two grea t Irish c e n t r e s of pre-war days, Crickle-wood a n d D a g e n h a m , have been brought to lite a g a i n . T h e o ld-es tab l i shed branches in Wes t London, Wembley , B i r m i n g h a m a n d Liverpool carry o n steadi ly , a n d in B i r m i n g h a m notably , new s t r ides h a v e been m a d e .

N E W P R O B L E M S r p H I S year h a s brought new problems,

some of w h i c h sti l l awa i t c o m p l e t e so lut ion. T h e n u m b e r of Ir i shmen w h o have c o m e to E n g l a n d s ince the war , apart f r o m t h o s e in t h e Forces, are ap-prox imate ly 150,000. But the Connol ly Club m e m b e r s h i p h a s not grown corre-sponding ly . T h i s is part ly due to t h e inaccess ible pf i fees w h e r e the new-comers have s e t t l ed , a n d the t e n d e n c y to drift a w a y f r o m t h e old centres , Lon-don and Liverpool , towards smal l er cit ies and c o u n t r y s i tes . B i r m i n g h a m , on the o t h e r h a n d , h a s been s t r e n g -thened by an i n f l u x of ski l led workers.

The co -opera t ion of Brit ish trade un ions h a s been s o u g h t a n d obta ined in this matter , a n d it is no tewor thy that in the London d i s tr ic t a number of T r a d e

U n i o n s a n d Co-operat ive G u i l d s have appl i ed for C o n n o l l y Club s p e a k e r s . T h i s type of work s h o u l d be e x t e n d e d . S imi -larly, one i m p o r t a n t T r a d e U n i o n jour-nal , the "New Bui lders ' Leader,'! has put i t s paper at our d i sposa l for con-t a c t i n g our f e l l o w - c o u n t r y m e n .

S O M E D I F F C U L T I E S T H E p r o p a g a n d a of the Club h a s been

* carried on wide ly . H igh s p o t s : were t h e Easter m e e t i n g s in B i r m i n g h a m , Liverpool a n d e l s e w h e r e , a n d t h e great London m e e t i n g a d d r e s s e d by J a m e s Larkin, Junior , in May.

It is poss ib le to c l a i m t h a t n e v e r before h a s there e x i s t e d - i n Br i ta in a n Irish or-g a n i s a t i o n of N a t i o n a l p r o p o r t i o n s so c a p a b l e of l e a d i n g the g r e a t m a s s of e m i -g r a n t s in a d i f f icu l t period. It is a body of w h i c h we a r e e n t i t l e d to fee l proud.

N E W T A S K S T H E S e p t e m b e r C o n g r e s s wi l l be b igger * t h a n the las t . T h e r e will be m a n y

new faces , a n d f e w of the old o n e s ab-sent . A m o n g t h e lat ter w e regret one of our mos t tr ied a n d t rus t ed m e m b e r s , Mick Lehane , w h o s e s h i p never r e t u r n e d f r o m one of h i s m a n y h a z a r d o u s voyages .

T h o s e w h o a t t e n d will h a v e the task of m a k i n g t h e Club m e a s u r e up to the i m m e n s i t y of t h e problem b e f o r e us— 150,000 I r i s h m e n a n d w o m e n in Bri ta in , o r g a n i s i n g t h e m in to t h e T r a d e Unions , prov id ing t h e m w i t h social a n d cul tural act iv i ty , p r o t e c t i n g the i r r igh t s , a n d edu-c a t i n g t h e m a l o n g d e m o c r a t i c and Soc ia l i s t l ines . Never be fore h a v e we b e e n so well equ ipped lo do th i s , a n d the 1943 Congress m u s t mark the b e g i n n i n g of a new a n d ful ler u t i l i sa t ion of our re-sources .

C. DESMOND GREAVES

11 I a m • .lit 1 i n t e n d on til. - t r i | j to ask till" at ll a.st 5H.OUO rsliiv « a . r u n in to I n l a n d . 1 s u e a e - o a l : i a to a m a n here a n d hi a e r e e d tha t ii as a s ibi l i ty .

2. Unde r c lause 2 "to nroiilut t h e p ni t ion. etc."—the.v ag ree t-> si r ive e>i' tie r o a n i i i u h ol t h e Repub l i c ot I r e l a n d by S t a t e s with w h i c h they h a v e or will n peace . We will p robab ly get r e c o g n i t i o n t. al l or some of t h e n a t i o n s a t peace \ t h e m . They do" n o t f o r t h e p r e s e n t hopi : ; m u c h in this r e spec t f r o m P o l a n d .

3—4. Under t h e s e c lauses we m a y be to h e l p t h e m here , a n d they m a y lie al.a h e l p us in E n g l a n d . T h e t r e a t y itsel: b o u n d to a f f ec t b o t h of us in t h i s respect a c c o u n t of t h e g e r m no t iceab le in all la: a o r g a n i s a t i o n s .

5. Clause 5 gives us a good g r i p on V a t i c a n , a n d m a k e t h e m less impress ion , , by Br i t i sh a g e n t s . If t h e B r i t i s h threa t to squeeze in f u t u r e we c a n t h r e a t e n , I t is no t necessa ry to dwell on t h i s . I d , ; see how it c a n r e a c t aga ins t us in t h e N< r o r elsewhere, bu t t h a t is t h e sole d a m e r T h e a d v a n t a g e s m o r e t h a n c o u n t e r a c t ... v i s t as .

C. T h i s m e a n s t h a t we will h a v e the -of t h e i r d ip lomat i c pouch a n d v ice versa.

7. T h i s c lause m a k e s it poss ib le to organ-ise a co rpora t ion f o r i m p o r t i n g s tu f f . It s h o u l d be d i rec t ly o r ind i rec t ly g o v e r n m e n t a l a s we can u n d e r i t cont ro l p r i ce s a n d mak i t a source of r evenue . F o r i n s t a n c e , a c o u l d control t h e flax of t h e wor ld , or l e a s t ge t our t e e t h well in to i t . L u m b e r ,.:. I w h e a t a re the o t h e r big t h i n g s u n d e r a c l ause .

8. H a r l a n d a n d Wolfe cou ld n o t acta at c o n t r a c t s f r o m R u s s i a u n d e r t h i s w i t h o u t < t;r p e r m i t . T h e r e a r e s u c h c o n t r a c t s to : g iven out a t p r e sen t , but l ikely t h e Bella-" f i r m s h a v e a fu l l h a n d . A l e t t e r f r o m m i s s i o n on t h e s u b j e c t m a y , h o w e v e r , 'a good fo r p r o p a g a n d a a f t e r a l i t t l e while.

9. T h i s m a y n o t be of a n y se rv i ce to a s b u t i t m i g h t be possible to s t a r t t h i n g s hi > • w h i c h could be l a t e r t r a n s f e r r e d to I re land

10. T h i s is p r e t t y p la in , bu t if I h a v e an -t h i n g to do wi th i t I sha l l a sk tor p r i v i k m s f o r soldiers of t h e R e p u b l i c of I r e l a n d '. s t u d y a n y nava l .or m i l i t a ry c o u r s e s we m a . des i r e .

11. T h i s is en t i r e ly the i rs , a n d I ' m no t suia w h a t they h a v e in m i n d . W e s h a l l go in; i t a g a i n .

12. T h i s is t h e g e r m of a r ea l League • t N a t i o n s . I t will a p p e a l to t h e v o t a r i e s of .1 r e a l league h e r e a n d will h a v e a good effect o n t h a t accoun t .

13. S a m e as above. 14. I n case of a c h a n g e of G o v e r n m e n t a

w a n t t h e people of Russ ia e d u c a t e d abota I r e l a n d , a n d h o p e t h a t a n y s u c c e e d i n g Gov-e r n m e n t may a d o p t a s imi la r a t t i t u d e to I n -l a n d .

15. T h i s is p r e v e n t a n y peace w i t h E n g l a n d i n t e r f e r i n g wi th t h e r e l a t i ons w i t h I r e l and T h e y would n o t ag r ee no t to m a k e peat w i t h E n g l a n d un t i l E n g l a n d r ecogn i sed tit R e p u b l i c of I r e l a n d , so tha t - t h i s is t h e bf •' w e could get f o r our p ro tec t ion .

I n add i t ion to t h i s I sha l l d i scuss tie q u e s t i o n of hos tages . T h a t is if E n g l a n d mur-d e r s a n y of our so ld iers in o r o u t of pris .ai t h e y will ag r ee to execu te a B r i t i s h e r as a r e p r i s a l . T h e y h a v e t h e m . W e m a y l i t t h i s , b u t I 'm n o t su re . Sign.

P . S . — I n o rde r to get quick a c t i o n cab.'-to F a w s i t t , t h a t is "Cavehi l l , N e w York . ' ' It) c a s e of fu l l a c c e p t a n c e say "Are agreeabli to accept agency." I n case of r e s e r v e d ac-c e p t a n c e .cable "Agency acceptable on condi-t ions forwarded," i n case of r e j e c t i o n cab. "Agency terms unacceptable." T h e pa r ty " s e n d these cab les a r e t h e I r i s h Overst . . -S h i p p i n g a n d T r a d i n g Co., L t d . I n oil. r w o r d s "Out look ." Cables h a v e b e e n com f r o m t h e m . "

13. Any d i s p u t e s r e g a r d i n g t h e i n t e r p r e t a -t ion of any c l ause of t h i s t r ea ty will be re-fe r red to t h e l eague so cons t i tu ted , a n d a m a j o r i t y vote of t h e S t a t e s t he re in r ep re -sen ted will dec ide t h e m a t t e r a t issue.

14. As the w a r r a n t y of t r ea t i e s a m o n g f r e e peoples res ts u l t i m a t e l y upon t h e goodwill a n d good f a i t h of t h e peoples themselves , t h e c o n t r a c t i n g p a r t i e s he reby pledge t h e m -selves each to f a s t e r a m o n g its respect ive n a t i o n a l s f r i e n d s h i p fo r a n d u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e o the r .

14. T h e d u r a t i o n of t h i s t r ea ty will be len years . Notice of i n t e n t to w i t h d r a w can be given only a t t h e e n d of t h e n i n t h year , a n d . if no t then given, t h e t r e a t y will r e m a i n in force for a f u r t h e r per iod of ten years .

M e m o r a n d u m ] by McCartan re Russian Treaty a n d Mission to Russia.

I enclose a d r a f t of proposed t rea ty w i t h Soviet Russia for your consideration^ T h e President has mere ly read It, but so far h a s not had t ime to s tudy it. We hope to dls-

do so as soon as we r e a c h t h a t po in t . T h e I r c a l v .

As I h a v e been work ing on t h i s for t h e las t few days I s h a l l m a k e a f e w no te s on some of t h e c l auses t h a t m a y h e l p when you a r e d i scuss ing it t he re . T h e n o t e s may sugges t i m p r o v e m e n t s a s well a s e x p l a i n i n g all tha i is impl ied in if a s I r e ad i t t —

1. I he word resources in c l a u s e 1 a n d 2 m a y m e a n — a n d to my m i n d do m e a n — t h a t we m a y h a v e to lend m o n e y to t h e i r repre-s e n t a t i v e s h e r e for c r ed i t or gold in Russ ia , a n d t h a t la te r we c a n u n d e r t h e s e c lauses d e m a n d a loan of mi l l ions f r o m t h e m . They a t p r e sen t h a v e di f f icul ty in e s t a b l i s h i n g cred i t here . T h e t e r m resources w a s in the i r o r ig ina l d r a f t , a n d I did no t ask f o r a n in-t e r p r e t a t i o n , a s it s eemed to m e we h a d m o r e to ga in by i t t h a n t h e y h a d , so I pre-t e n d e d not to n o t i c e it. I t does n o t come i n t o ope ra t ion u n t i l t h e t r e a t y is s igned , a n d perhaps we will bo in a better position to j u d e c of Its merits then. I t ts the o n e , t h i n g in th is clause required careful consideration.

N O T E 15 Y I R I S H O F F I C I I l ) r . M c C a r t a n is S i n n Fe in M.P . fo r Kit

C o u n t y . He w a s a r r e s t e d F e b r u a r y 1919 a: 1

d e p o r t e d to E n g l a n d . He e s c a p e d in Ja : 1919 a n d went to Amer ica w h e r e he v. h e a d of the W a s h i n g t o n b u r e a u of Ir : ( S i n n Fein) i n f o r m a t i o n . In a le t te r M a r c h 1921 f r o m Dai l E i r e a n n D e p a r t n v of F o r e i g n Af fa i r s h e is s h o w n to be > R u s s i a as d i p l o m a t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of " R e p u b l i c " of I r e l a n d .

Desmond FilzGerald, j ou rna l i s t , d i rec tor i S i n n F e i n p r o p a g a n d a , a n d a lso a c t s as p v a l e s ec re t a ry to A r t h u r Gr i f f i th s ,

Took an ac t ive p a r t in o rgan i s ing t h e Ii. .. Vo lun tee r s . S e n t e n c e d ato ten y e a r s imp', o n i n e n t for h i s p a r t in the rebe l l ion a n d : l ea sed n t h J u n e . 1917. Very a c t n e in fca > F e i n m a t t e r s . Ar res ted m C a v a n a n d p o r t e d to E n g l a n d . May 1918. Elected M . P . for P e m b r o k e Division. D u b l i n . 1 r u r a r y 1919. Visi ted London O c t o b e r l ' a > to g e t in to touch wi th c o n t i n e n t a l corn p o n d e n t x . Now i n t e r n e d .

Wi l l i am O 'Br ien , Sec re t a ry , I r i s h Tra C o u n c i l . A l d e r m a n . Dubl in C o r p o r a l ! D u b l i n labour m a n . Social is t . W a s d e f e a t " ! a-s S i n n Fein c a n d i d a t e for M i d - A n n t u i. O c t o b e r 1918

J. J. Fawsitt ca l l s h imsel f S i n n F e i n con- ,1 to Uni ted States of America a t New York

T o m Johnson, formerly Engl ish c o m m e r c 1 traveller, hfrtv organiser of Ir ish Transport Workers' Union.

August, 1943 I R I S H F R E E D O M 7

N I G H T , S O U N I I A N D S E N S E edited by A V \ E K E L L Y

bOOK FAIK SECOND TWILIGHT PI t"'

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liars of Security—Sir \ \ illiam veridge (Allen & I nwin) 6 / -

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; IIS col lect ion ol 19 p a p e r s by tin aut ,1 ill. a ol l i ' - tamou - " Hevet idia P l a n " , tiii widest c i r c u l a i t o n a n d s tudy ,

many cont rovers ia l s i a t c m e i n s . I tuna . -meei i ty ol p u r p o s e a n d t h e coura : p rac t ica l proposals to r social r e l o r m co

.,-d w i t h i n these 200-odd paaes m a k e tl set-Sized book an i n v a l u a b l e weapon , truga' :e lo vanqu i sh t h e social spec t r e s

at. Disease, l e n o r a n c e . S q u a l o r a n d Id!

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The Black Man's Burden—John Burger (Gollancz) 7 / 6 \

" E A R S cf r e sea rch a n d c e n t u r i e s el" social i n j u s t i c e a rc implici t in t h i s sombre sttr-

y a a Aga ins t t h e t r ag i c b a c k c l o t h of S o u t h Attaean h i s t o r y "a process of occupa t i on , re-- . - tance , w a r a n d conques t , e n d i n g in d ispos-- —;ion," M r . B u r g e r a n a l y s e s t h e causes of current- social conf l ic t a n d rac ia l i nequa l i ty , l i i r u s t i n g as ide t h e flimsy g a u z e of po l i t i ca l i ndependence h e reveals t h e d e p e n d a n t cco-i. anic s t a t u s oi th i s semi-co lon ia l a r e a w h i c h I ends i t securely lo t h e I m p e r i a l i n t e r e s t s i t Br i ta in , w i th c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e p e r c u s s i o n s . . . ' . .pathetic to t h e socoal w e l f a r e of t h e m a s s

II the i n h a b i t a n t s .

With u n i m p a s s i o n e d a r r a y of f a c t a n d l.a.tre t h e a u t h o r bui lds u p t h e i n d i s p u t a b l e 1 aic of his f ina l conc lus ions . " S o u t h A f r i c a v al not : scape t h e consequences of c a p i t a l i s m it: rely by becoming i n d e p e n d e n t of G r e a t Britain . . . t h a t s t r u c t u r e c a n only be al tered by a n ind igenous soc ia l i sm p u r g e d of ta. • colour b a r — a socia l i sm based on class a n d t: a on r a c e . "

Horizon Stories (Faber & Faber) 8/6. r r H E S E stories , all p u b l i s h e d by Cyril C o n --L nol ly , edi tor of t h e m o n t h l y m a g a z i n e

s : n a m e d , r a n g e f r o m t h e work of e s t a b l i s h e d writers, s u c h as K a f k a a n d V. S. P r i t c h e t t to t he first pub l i shed c o n t r i b u t i o n of a 23-years-old pi lot . W h i l s t we c a n n o t ag ree t h a t t h e g r i m m e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s " e n t e r t a i n a n d give p leasure ." t h i s a n t h o l o g y revea l s a t a s t e pa radox ica l ly ca tho l ic a n d d i s c r i m i n a t i n g .

The Blossoming Bough—Ethel Mannin (Jarrolds) 9 / 6 . DE S P I T E hero , b a c k g r o u n d a n d t h e a u -

t h o r ' s s ince re love of I r e l a n d , we r e g r e t -ful ly c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e d e d i c a t i o n f r o m " T h e Love S o n g s of C o n n a c h t " is t h e m o s t a u t h e n -ttce touch.

The Latch-Key to Music—J. D. {VI. Rorke (Oxford University Press) 2 / - . r P H I S u n a s s u m i n g bookle t p e r f o r m s a m a j o r J- se rv ice a n d ful ly jus t i f i e s i ts t i t le , R e c o m m e n d e d to all mus ic - lov ing l a y m e n .

A.K.

A l l I r i s h S p r i n g " A M O N G t h e p i n e s a t t h e t o p of t h e

- V h i l l I r e m o u n t e d a n d flew d o w n t o G l e n c u l l e n o n a f r e e w h e e l . H e r e in t h e s e h i g h p l a c e s t h e a t m o s p h e r e wtTs c l e a r e r t h a n in t h e va l leys , a n d a s I r o d e w i t h t h e cool b r e e z e f r o m t h e I r i s h s e a i n m y t e e t h d o w n t h a t l one ly a n d s u r p r i s i n g g l e n -w h e r e o n l y a n e x t r e m e a l e r t n e s s of t h e t o p o g r a p h i c a l s e n s e c a n s t a y t h e s t r a n g e r f r o m b e l i e v i n g h i m s e l f in s o m e m o u n t a i n y c o r n e r of C o n n a u g h t o r D o n e g a l — t h e s u n -l ight s t r e a m e d d o w n f r o m a r i f t in t h e d i s p e r s i n g c louds , l i v e n i n g t h e s h a k i n g d ' w d r o p s a n d c o b w e b s o n t h e b r o w n s p r a y s of h e a t h e r t o a t r e m u l o u s n e s s of r a i n b o w a n d j e w e l l e d l i g h t . "

—The alxive excerp t is t a k e n f r o m t h e a u t o -biography of Arnold Hax, "Fa rewe l l My Youth" i L o n g m a n s ) , 7 (i. 15ax is well-known in I r e l a n d as t h e wr i te r D e r m o t O'Hyrne.

£ G N F R Q N T E D f o r t h e f irst t i m e w i t h a g i r a f f e t h e o l d l a d y is w i d e l y r e p u t e d i o h a v e s a i d s h e d i d n ' t b e l i e v e it, S h e is s o m e t i m e s a l s o

r e p u t e d t o h a v e a d d e d , a f t e r a s l i g h t p a u s e , t h a t e v e n if it w a s t r u e it w o u l d m a k e n o d i f f c r e n c c in h e r l i f e . M a n y p e o p l e a p p e a r l o t a k e u p t h e o l d l a d y ' s a t t i t u d e w i t h r e g a r d to I r i s h l i t e r a t u r e t o - d a y . E i t h e r it h a s n o e x i s t e n c e f o r t h e m , or , if it h a s a n e x i s t e n c e , it is j u s t t h e I r i s h " g o i n g o n " a s u s u a l , a n d h e n c e m a k e s n o d i f f e r e n c e . B u t s i n c e m a n y of t h e m w o u l d r e a d i l y a d m i t t h a t Ir i sh l i t e r a t u r e h a d o n c e m a d e a d i f f e r e n c e t o t h e m , a t a n y r a t e a s t h e y u n d e r s t o o d it t h r o u g h t h e w o r k of Y e a t s , S h a w , S y n g e , a n d e v e n S e a n O ' C a s e y , w h a t is t h e e x p l a n a t i o n of t h e i r c h a n g e d a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e y o u n g e r Ir i sh w r i t e r s t o - d a y ? W h y t h e i n d i f f e r e n c e , b o r d e r i n g s o m e t i m e s o n h o s t i l i t y ?

I t h i n k t h e e x p l a n a t i o n will be f o u n d m t h e fac t t h a t t h e m a j o r i t y of I r i s h w r i t e r s a n d a r t i s t s t o - d a y a r e e n g a g e d in t r y i n g to walk o n t h e i r n a t i o n a l f e e l : a n d . h a v i n g m a d e t h e s t a r t l i n g d i s c o v e r y t h a i t h e y h a v e n o o t h e r f e e t t o w a l k wi th , a n d n o m a m a ' s s o f t h a n d to s u p p o r t t h e m , t h i n k il w o r t h w h i l e l o se t clown t h e d i s c o v e r y in s o m e d e t a i l .

At a n y r a t e t h i s w o u l d e x p l a i n b o t h t h e i n d i f f e r e n c e a n d s o m e t i m e s t h e h o s t i l i t y w h i c h g r e e t e d t h e i r e f f o r t s , l i n d out w h a t we m e a n . " w a s h o w a n e d i -to r i a l in "Th i 1 B e l l " p u t it. s p e a k i n g m o r e t o i t s w r i t e r s t h a n r e a d e r s . B u t t h o u g h l i t e r a r y v o y a g e s of d i s c o v e r y m a y be i n -t e r e s t i n g to f e l l o w v o y a g e r s , a n d even , to a

ottl."'." in I t a . h j o u r n a l s , w o u l d n o ; .this m e a n a very g r e a t r e s t r i c t i o n , b o t h in t i le m a n n e r a n d m a t t e r of t h e i r w r i t i n u s ? T h e p o r t s ' sole o p e n f o r u m . " T h e D u b l i n M a g a z i n e . ' litis but s m a l l c i r c u l a t i o n it", " t h e t o w n s a n d v i l l ages . "

I don ' t m e a n t h a t u n t i l 1939 I r i s h w r i t e r s d e l i b e r a t e l y w r o t e w i t h a n eye a l -w a y s to t h e B r i t i s h a n d A m e r i c a n p u b l i c s . I m e a n t h a t u n t i l t h e w a r t h e y h a d fe l t t h e m s e l v e s f r e e lo w r i t e a s t h e v c h o s e .

DV

EWART MILNE

l e s se r e x t e n t , t o t h e h o m e l a n d publ ic , t h e y a r e no t . a s a . r u l e , i n t e r e s t i n g a b r o a d , w h e r e p e r h a p s s u c h v o y a g e s h a v e b e e n m a d e a l r e a d y . I T H I N K in t h e m a i n t h e c h a n g e d a l t i -' t u d e t o w a r d s I r i s h l i t e r a t u r e d a t e s

f r o m t h e s e t t i n g u p of t h e I r i s h F r e e S t a t e in 1922, s i n c e it w a s t h e n t h a t I r e l a n d c e a s e d to be a p r o b l e m over w h i c h t h e wor ld d i t h e r e d . H a d I r i s h w r i t e r s b u t k n o w n il. I r i s h l i t e r a t u r e f r o m t h e n c e f o r t h w a s to r ece ive n o g r e a t e r a t t e n t i o n t h a n t h e l i t e r a t u r e of a n y o t h e r s m a l l c o u n t r y , a b o u t w h i c h n e v e r d i d s o m a n y k n o w s o l i t t l e . A n d t h i s w a s f a i r e n o u g h , b u t i t m e a n t t h a t o n l y t h e v e r y c r e a m of I r i s h w r i t i n g w o u l d s t a n d a c h a n c e in h e l l of b e c o m i n g k n o w n o u t s i d e t h e c o u n t r y . A s it is. I r i s h w r i t e r s w o u l d s t i l l be s t r u g g l i n g a l o n g h a p p i l y e n o u g h m a r k i n g t h e i r i r e -t u r n a b l e ) m a n u s c r i p t s E n g l a n d or U .S .A . w i t h o u t a n y c l e a r l y d e f i n e d t h o u g h t s o n t h e i r p o s i t i o n a s w r i t e r s i n a N e w S t a t e , w e r e i t no t t h a t , a s L o u i s M a c N e i c e s a i d : " T h e w a r c a m e d o w n o n u s h e r e . "

T h e w a r , a n d t h e G o v e r n m e n t ' s n e u -t r a l i t y d e c l a r a t i o n , D I D c a u s e r e s i d e n t a u t h o r s t o w a k e f r o m t h e i r s l u m b e r s . O r . a t l eas t , t o o p e n o n e ' eye. M o s f l y t h e y a p p r o v e d t h e G o v e r n m e n t ' s pol icy, b u t d id it no t m e a n t h a t w r i t i n g fo r e x p o r t s a l e s w o u l d b e c o m e m o r e di f f icul t , a n d p e r h a p s i m p o s s i b l e ? | ) E A D A R O ' D O N N E L L , s p e a k i n g a t t h e ' D u b l i n P . E . N . C l u b s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e

" o u t b r e a k , " t o l d u s n o t t o b o t h e r a b o u t w r i t i n g f o r t h e w o r l d a t l a r g e , b u t t o c o n -c e n t r a t e o n w r i t i n g f o r t h e h o m e t o w n s a n d v i l l ages . W h a t h e m e a n t w a s c l e a r e n o u g h , btij, t h e d i f f i c u l t y of t r y i n g t o l ive by w r i t i n g f o r a p o p u l a t i o n of u n d e r t h r e e mi l l ions , o n l y a f r a c t i o n of w h i c h c o u l d b e d e s c r i b e d a s a r e a d i n g pub l i c , r e m a i n e d . T a k e p o e t r y ! If t h e p o o l s m u s t p e r f o r c e " d o a M a n g a n " a n d p u b l i s h t h e i r p i e c e s

I

" W e m u s t | E v e n if w h a t t h e y w r o t e w a s u n a c c e p t a b l e a t h o m e , a s s o o f t e n i t w a s . s t i l l they k n e w t h e y cou ld re ly o n s o m e r e t u r n , p r o v i d e d t h e y f o u n d a B r i t i s h o r A m e r i c a n p u b -l i s h e r . !

Now. o v e r n i g h t , t h e d i f f i c u l t y of finding s u c h h a d i n c r e a s e d ve ry g r e a t l y . I t m u s t be a d m i t t e d t h a t , a l t h o u g h it w a s p o s s i b l e f o r w r i t e r s of e s t a b l i s h e d r e p u t a t i o n be-y o n d t h e I s l e of D e s t i n y to m a i n t a i n t h e i r p o s i t i o n , t h e p r o s p e c t s b e f o r e t h e y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n w e r e n o t e x c e e d i n g b r i g h t . M o r e o v e r , if p r e s e n t a t i o n s o t t h e E i r e s c e n e w e r e u n p o p u l a r a b r o a d , h o w m u c h m o r e u n p o p u l a r were t h e y l ike ly to be a t h o m e ?

"'HE a t t a c k m a d e by a m e m b e r of t h e G o v e r n m e n t o n B e r n a r d M c G i n n ' s

p l a y . " R e m e m b e r e d F o r e v e r , " is a good i l l u s t r a t i o n . T h e t h e m e of t h i s p l a y is w o v e n a r o u n d a n u n e m p l o y e d 1916 R e p u b -l i c a n A r m y m a n . w h o w a s s o f a r " r e m e m -b e r e d " t h a t a s t a t u e w a s e r e c t e d i n h i s h o n o u r t h e w h i l e h e w a l k e d D u b l i n ' s s t r e e t s . T h e t i t l e is. o l c o u r s e , f r o m P a t r i c k P e a r s e .

T h e p l a y w a s n o t b a n n e d , it m e r e l y s u f -f e r e d a n e a r l i e r d e m i s e f r o m t h e A b b e y t h a n i t s u n d o u b t e d m e r i t w a r r a n t e d . N o r c a n it be h e l d t h a t s u c h p l a y s a s " R e m e m -b e r e d F o r e v e r " h a v e o n l y a loca l s i g n i f i -c a n c e a n d a p p e a l . If B r i t i s h a n d A m e r i -c a n a u d i e n c e s h a d r e s p o n d e d t o " T h e P l o u g h a n d T h e S t a r s , " w h y s h o u l d t h e y n o t r e s p o n d t o - d a y to t h e " g h o s t " of C o m -m a n d a n t C l i t e r o e . n o w o n e of t h e g r e a t e r a r m y of t h e u n e m p l o y e d ! T h e a n s w e r is t h a t t h e A b b e y is s u b s i d i s e d by t h e G o v e r n m e n t , a n d it is h a r d l y in t h e G o v e r n m e n t ' s i n t e r e s t t o a l l o w s u c h p l a y s t o t o u r B r i t a i n a n d A m e r i c a . " S h a d o w a n d S u b s t a n c e " m a y go o n t o u r , " R e m e m -b e r e d F o r e v e r " m u s t s t a y a t h o m e . . T t t i e t h i s is o n l y o n e c a s e ; t r u e a l s o t h a t m u c h r e c e n t I r i s h work h a s n o m o r e t h a n loca l t t pnea l ; n e v e r t h e l e s s t h e f a c t is t h a t o w i n g to t h e l ack of I r i s h p u b l i s h i n g h o u s e s , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e l a c k of f a c i l i t i e s f o r f o r e i g n p u b l i c a t i o n b r o u g h t a b o u t b y t h e w a r . I r i s h w r i t e r s a r e u n d e r g o i n g a s o r t of " s e c o n d t w i l i g h t . " W e l l , h o w c a n t h i s " t w i l i g h t " be b a n i s h e d ? C a n E i r e p r o d u c e books in c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h t h e g r e a t p u b l i s h i n g h o u s e s w i t h i n a s o c i a l f r a m e w o r k w h i c h p r o d u c e s books , a s m o s t o t h e r t h i n g s , l o r p r o f i t ?

A SCIENTIST REFLECTS

YOU MUST SEE THIS FILM | ) O W E R F U L sect ions of t h e Br i t i sh P r e s s

a r e c a m p a i u n m g a t ta ins ! t h e f i lm. M I S S I O N TO .MOSCOW." t h e d r a m a t i s e d 1 iMon ot the f a m o u s book by Mr. J . Davie's. American Ambassado r lo .Mo.-eov. l r o m H'liG—192B.

The f i lm (Nibses t h e l ud i c rous misconce))-I ' -ns w h i c h prevai led abou t p r e - w a r J tus sa i = 11(1 he r h .nest a t t e m p t s to p r e v e n t war . This 1 the p al historv - - h e n c e t h e f r a n t i c a t -1 aipls to nu l l i f y i ts e l l e c t s by cul l ing il " u n -) liable his tory " a n d propaganda*." in . lead of 1 '••• phoney his tory wh ich could be s ty led a-s a s incere p o r t r a y a l . "

I r i shmen , p i i n d f u l of (he c u r r e n t c a m p a i g n ''1 d i s tor t ions a b o u t the i r o w n c o u n t r y ' s pre-••i'nt-day role, will flock to see t h i s h im . T h e ' < .itliolic Hera ld , " for o n c e rea l i s t ic , d e c l a r e s it "sees n o t h i n g in t h e f i lm to w h i c h Catholics c a n ob jec t , "

Time tne R e f r e s h i n g River J. Need-ham, Sc.D., F .R.S . (Al len and U n w i n ) , 16s. Dr. N e e d h a m is a b i o c h e m i s t , a c i t i z e n ,

a n d ti m a n w i t h a v a s t c u l t u r a l b a c k -g r o u n d . T o d o j u s t i c e to t h e v a r i e d q u e s t i o n s h e d i s c u s s e s w o u l d be i m p o s s i b l e in l h e s cope of a r e v i e w . Dr . N e e d h a m r a n g e s h i m s e l f w i t h t h o s e to w h o m s c i e n -t i f ic k n o w l e d g e is a soc i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y r u t h e r t h a n a soc i a l o r n a m e n t .

His p h i l o s o p h i c a l o n t l o o k e n a b l e s h i m t o see social p h e n o m e n a a s t h e h i g h e s t d e -g r e e of n a t u r a l p h e n o m e n a , a n d t o in -c l ine ' w i l h i n t h e s c o p e of t h e " n a t u r a l . " t h e e m o t i o n a l , a r t i s t i c a n d n ligiotis v a l u e s w h i c h lie is i t a r d s a s m n o way t h r e a t e n e d by s c i e n t i f i c a d v a n c e .

In c o n n e c t ion w i t h t h e d i m i n i s h i n g g u l f b e ! w e e n s c i e n t i f i c a n d a r t i s t i c e x p r e s s i o n lie (|Uot"S t h e s a y i n g of W . li. Y i a ' s t h a t r ecen t d e v e l o p m e n t s in vc r s i l i c a l i on h a v e m a d e poss ib l e t h e i n c l u s i o n of llie n e c e s -s a r y s c i e n t i f i c w o r d s i n t o poe t ry . H i s e v o l u t i o n a r y s t a n d p o i n t s e e s in t h e p o l i t i -cal Held S o c i a l i s m a s t h e n e x t s tep , a n d in t h e c u l t u r a l field a d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e p rec i se v a l u e s w h i c h h a v e been , u p t o

r e c e n t l y , r e g a r d e d a s a n t i p a t h e t i c t o s c i e n c e .

I t w o u l d be a s well to s a y t h a t D r . N e e d -h a m o c c u p i e s a p o s i t i o n , w h i c h f o r m a n y p o e t s wou ld a p p e a r too m a t e r i a l i s t i c , w h i l e f o r m a n y s c i e n t i s t s t oo p o e t i c a l . T h e w a y of p e a c e - m a k e r s is h a r d , a n d t h e s u c -p i c i o n s o m e t i m e s a r i s e s t h a t a m a s s of e r u d i t i o n c a n o b s c u r e a s wel l a s i l l u m i n -a t e . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e book is a d -m i t t e d l y n o t exo te r i c , a n d s h o u l d c e r -t a i n l y p r o v e i n t e n s e l y s t i m u l a t i n g t o t h e m a n y y o u n g I r i s h t h i n k e r s w h o a r e si n i g g l i n g w i t h j u s t t h e s " i n t e l l e c t u a l ( i i l e -nmas . a n d by w h o m D r . N e e d h a m ' s c a r e f u l l y a n n o t a t e d a n d a d m i r a b l y ex-;>., . .ed s o l u t i o n s will be g r e a t l y a p p r e c i -a t e d . C . D . G .

FOR FUTURE REVIEW— I R I S H C I T I Z E N A R M Y R. M. Fox

i Dul ly i fi - . T1IE B I R T H O F T H E N E W CHINA A. Clegg i h a w r e n c e a n d W i s h a r t i 3 fi: ONLY AN OCEAN B E T W E E N L. Secor F l o r e n c e ( H n r r a p i G - ; T H E Q U I N T -E S S E N C E O F B E R N A R D S H A W II C. Dtiffln iAllen a n d Unwin i 7 fi, T H E G R E A T O ' N E I L L — S e a n O 'Fao la in .

CASTLE Ti l l Autobiography nl U n l l c t u n c

a m ! Mi tche l l ' s J a i l . l imrnai a n not only m a s t e r p i e c e s -.if revolut ionary l i t e r a tu re , they a rc :iNo ol i n t ense a n d ab id ing in t e res t .

Al though tVollc l one s tud ied for the l ia r , in t h a t a d \ c n t u r i - l o \ i t i g spiri t t he i i ' u a s none of t h e s tu l l ol which f t u y c a a re m a d e . At the age ol 'l I he t u r n e d his h a n d lo j o u r n a l i s m , hook reviewing a n d l i terary a r t ic les .

Two k inds of novels h a d conic in to public f a v o u r at t h a t t ime . One was (lie " t e r r o r " novel, popu la r i s ed by Mr- . I tade l i l l e . hor r i l i c dcsc r ibe r of h a u n t e d cast les a n d gloomy d u n g e o n s ; tin o the r was t h e novel of "sens ib i l i ty ." a mawkish h a s h of s e n t i m e n t a l twaddle .

l io th were a n a t h e m a to Tone w i n possessed t h e liveliest sense of h u m o u r , a n d so.

" I n c o n j u n c t i o n w:(h two of my f r i ends n a m e d Webb a n d KadelilT. 1 wrote a bur lesque novel which we called " H I T . M O N T C A S T L E . " a n d which was i n t e n d e d to r idicule the execrab le t r a s h of t h e c i r cu l a t i ng l ibrar ies . It was to le rab ly well wri t -ten, p a r t i c u l a r l y U a d r l i l l ' s par t which was by f a r t h e best , yet so it was t h a t we could not l ind a. book-seller to risk t h e p r i n t i n g of it. t hough we o f fe red t h e copyr igh t to several . It was a f t e r w a r d s p r in ted in Dubl in a n d h a d some success, a n d I believe a f t e r all it w a s most rel-ished by t h e a u t h o r s a n d the i r im-m e d i a t e c o n n e c t i o n s . " T h e r e h a s been cons ide rab le doubt

as to w h e t h e r Wol fe Tone ' s novel was ever pub l i shed , a n d m a n y biblio-g r a p h e r s h a v e doub ted i ts ex is tence . T h e mys te ry h a s now been c leared up beyond a shadow of doub t .

A copy of " B e l m o n t C a s t l e " c a n be f o u n d in t h e N a t i o n a l L i b r a r y in Dub-lin, a n d a lew o t h e r copies a r e in pos-session of I r i sh book-col lectors . I h a v e h a d t h e p l easu re of r e a d i n g a copy, bor rowed f r o m a n old L a n d Leaguer by t h e n a m e of Fe rguson .

"Helmont Castle" was published by P. Byrne at 108, Graf ton Street, Dub-lin. It consists of about two hundred pages and is dedicated to a "Mrs. Car-den." In a foreword the reader is assured t h a t the tragic events con-tained in it are far above the ordinary novels. Burlesquing the style beloved by contemporary writers, the pages abound with heroes and heroines, ro-mances and e lopements . Here is a description of one of the heroes—"Sir James Dashton":

"His complexion though nnt deli-cately fair, was as beautiful as the most happy composit ion of the brightest vermilion and the most brilliant pearl. But his eyes! His eyes darted such looks as penetrated the very soul, at the same t ime there shone from them such a god-like benignity as inspired confidence and love." "Belmont Castle" must have upset

the circulating library novel ists as much as it enterta ined the subscribers. Tone himself must have thoroughly enjoyed using his pen against literary artificiality and sent imental i ty . His novel may be of l itt le importance in the history of Irish literature, but it throws a pleas ing s idel ight upon the character of a m a n who, if he had not become a famous revolutionary, might have become a famous writer.

-Paddy Clancy

W O M E N I N I N D U S T R Y

M arx H ouse oy Syllabus

H e r e i* a lino o u t l i n e for d iscuss ion of t he posi t ion of w o m e n in i n d u s t r y — w h y m o r e a n d m o t e of t h e m a r e n e e d e d — t r a i n -i n g — T.U. o r g a n i z a t i o n — a n d t h e i r spec ia l p rob-lems.

L A W R E N C E & W I S H A R T L T D .

2 S o u t h a m p t o n P lace , W.C.I

8 I R I S H F R E E D O M August , 1943

When Shelley Visited Ireland s •

Hi 11V pi VIII. had p

broii; . : ' I mi;:. ;> t tin- ivr.«-;n R| P e n : K i n n r r l y . a:i I r i s h . i i u i r n u ! ^ ' and wl: ' ,nr of "The Ihoss . " w h o had b o o n M - n t i - n m l to e i g h t e e n m o n t h s ' impi i sonmont in L i n c o l n jai l lor speak:n.u his mind, a b o u t Lord Cast le-r e a g h . T h e sales of t h o p o e m b r o u g h t in n e a r l y (>ne h u n d r e d pounds .

In 1801. a s a n s u l t ol t h e suppress ion of t h e Urn'.I'd Itssllim-n. t h e Art of Union c a m e in to b r ing . By a ea ' npa i t rn of br ibery t l v Irif-h P a r l i a m e n t . s i t t i n g in Dublin, was p e r s u a d e d 10 vole useii ' out of exist-ence T h e promise tha t t h e Act of Un ion would be followed by t h e repeal of legal d isabi l i t ies imposed on t h e Ca tho l ics was not kept . I n s t e a d a ser ies of Coercion Acts were in t roduced, des igned to hold down t in ' p e a s a n t s w h o were siill in revolt u n d e r t h e leadersh ip of R o b e r t E m m e t . T h e h i g h opinion of E m m e t , held by t he I r i s h p e a s a n t r y , was s h a r e d by Shelley.

No t r u m p tells rhy v i r t u e s — t h e grave whe re they r e s t

W i t h thy dus t sha l l r e m a i n unpol lu ted by f ame .

Til l t hy foes, by t h e wor ld and by for-t u n e caressed,

S h a l l pas s like a m i s t f r o m the l igh t of t hy n a m e .

W h e n t h e s torm-cloud t h a t lowers o'er t h e day beam is gone.

U n c h a n g e d , u n e x t i n g u i s h e d its life-s p r i n g will s h i n e :

W h e n Er in h a s ceased with the i r m e m o r y to g roan .

S h e will smile t h r o u g h t he t ea r s of revival on th ine .

O n F e b r u a r y 3rd. 1801. Shelley, w i th H a r r i e t a n d Eliza, se t sai l f r o m Whi t e -h a v e n . T h e y took w i t h t h e m the m a n u -scr ipt of a n address on I r i s h a f fa i r s t h a t h a d been p r epa red by t h e poet . D u r i n g t h e c ross ing a violent s t o r m s p r a n g up a n d t h e s h i p was dr iven to t h e n o r t h e r n coas t of I r e l a n d , where the p a r t y landed, con-t i n u i n g the i r journey by r o a d to Dubl in , w h i c h town they r e a c h e d on February-n t h . T h e m a n u s c r i p t was immedia te ly p laced in t he h a n d s of a p r in t e r , whils t Shel ley se t t l ed himself to p r e p a r e a second p a m p h l e t .

W i t h i n a f o r t n i g h t t h e "Address to t he I r i s h People" h a d been p r i n t e d .

HE WENT TO HELP

MO S T qf Shel ley 's b i o g r a p h e r s seem to t r e a t t he "Address" a s a joke, indeed,

t h e whole of Shel ley 's a d v e n t u r e in Ire-l a n d is genera l ly looked u p o n as a you th -f u l e scapade . T h e r e is no doubt t h a t y o u t h f u l e n t h u s i a s m a n d poetic r oman t i -c ism combined to m a k e t h e even t possible, bu t t he expedi t ion showed considerable courage , a n d the w r i t i n g s were more m a t u r e t h a n m a n y of t h e cr i t ics give credi t for .

In o p e n i n g his a d d r e s s Shel ley h a d first to b r idge t he gulf be tween t h e two na t ions . Here was a n E n g l i s h m a n come to he lp the I r i sh . She l ley correc t ly a n t i c i p a t e d p re ju -dice a n d suspicion. T h e I r i s h were no t a c c u s t o m e d to receiving a id f r o m the Eng-lish. In exp la in ing h i s mot ives Shelley re-vealed a deep-seated i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m by no m e a n s c o m m o n a m o n g t h e Engl ish, pa r -t icu lar ly d u r i n g t he per iod of the Napo-leonic wars .

Any I r i s h m a n , Shelley a r g u e d , who could look u p o n the su f fe r ings of a n o t h e r people a n d no t a t t e m p t to succour them, would no t be a t r u e I r i s h m a n a t all, "bu t some b a s t a r d mongre l bred u p in a court , or some coward ly fool who was a d e m o c r a t to all above him. a n d a n a r i s t o c r a t to all below h i m . "

H a v i n g thus , to h i s own sa t i s fac t ion , c leared a w a y doub t s t h a t m a y o the rwise h a v e a r i s en m the m i n d s of his r e a d e r s c o n c e r n i n g his in tegr i ty . She l ley proceeds to deal wi th the possible bas i s of a n o t h e r m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g .

"I know the warm fee l ings of an Irish-man sometimes carries him beyond the point of pfudcnce. I do not desire to root it out, but to moderate this honour-able warmth. This will disappoint the pioneers of oppression, and they will be sorry that through this address nothing will occur which can be twisted into any other meaning but what is calculated to fill you with that moderat ion which they have not, and make you give them that toleration which they refuse to grant you."

PACIFIST T E N D E N C I E S

JN m a k i n g this s t a t e m e n t Shelley was no doubt actuated part ly by a desire

not to render himsel f l iable to a prosecu-

C X T R A C T f r o m a b o o k n o w in c o u r s e of p r e p a r a t i o n e n t i t l e d , " C r a d l e d i n t o P o e t r y , " an e s s a y on t h e l i fe and w o r k of P e r c y

B y s s h e S h e l l e y , w r i t t e n t o c o m m e m o r a t e t h e 151st a n n i v e r s a r y of t h e b i r i h — on A u g u s t 4 th , 1792—of o n e of E n g l a n d ' s g r e a t e s t p o e t s .

By ERNEST TRORY

t ion for inc i t emen t , s u c h as would have e iven tin1 a u t h o r i t i e s t h e excuse for ban-n i n g t he pub l i ca t ion of t h e "Address ." T h e r e is also evidence, however , to show t h a t Shelley h a d not yet g r a s p e d t he t r u t h of the f u n d a m e n t a l ax iom tha t force c a n only be overcome by g r e a t e r force .

I n la ter years Shel ley accep ted , in prac-tice, th i s pr inciple , a l t h o u g h h i s pacif is t ideas con t inued to c rop up in t h e most un-expected places. His h a t r e d of force, a s a t h i n g in i tself , so b l i nded h i s outlook as to p reven t h i s see ing it a s a m e a n s to a n end, a n d d i s t i n g u i s h i n g be tween force a s a m e a n s of p e r p e t u a t i n g t y r a n n y a n d oppress ion, a n d fo rce a s a m e a n s of over-t h r o w i n g t y r a n n y a n d oppress ion .

No Act of P a r l i a m e n t could t ake away anybody ' s r i gh t s . R i g h t s were e t e rna l t r u t h s based on v i r t ue a n d jus t ice , said Shelley. All t h a t P a r l i a m e n t could do was

to p r e v e n t , by force, t i le people f r o m en-joying t h e r igh t s t h a i t hey neve r the l e s s possessed.

ATTITUDE TO EMANCIPATION U H F L L E Y then proceeds to p resen t t h e * ease for Catholic E m a n c i p a t i o n . T h e people of England, h e expla ins , a r c not opposed to Cathol ic E m a n c i p a t i o n , but t h e i r employers arc. a n d t h e y c o m m a n d a m a j o r i t y in the House of C o m m o n s . I t is t h e y w h o spread the f a l s e h o o d t h a t were t he C a t h o l i c s allowed to si t in t h a t a s sembly , they would p e r s e c u t e a n d b u r n as t h e y did in the p a s t . T h e r e s t o r a t i o n

• of t h e l iber t ies and h a p p i n e s s of I r e l a n d a r e g r e a t a n d i m p o r t a n t events , bu t w h a t if t h e y a r e achieved?

"I should still see thousands miserable and wicked; things would still be wrong. I regard then the accompl ishment of these th ings as the road to greater re-

THE SOUTHERN ELECTIONS

TO judge by the intense wordy warfare for weeks before the

elections, the issue of the elections was for or against a coalition of Fine Gael and Fianna Fail. Both parties stood for neutrality and the ending of partition, whilst ttieir social pro-grammes were not dissimilar. Fine Gael, following the lead of the "Irish Times," worked to consecrate the con-currence of views in the bonds of Par-liamentary wedlock. Mr. De Valera, possibly, with one eye on the fate of the British Liberal Party, refused.

The true issue of the elections was social policy, as expressed by the La-bour and Farmer opposition. The in-tense economic crisis bears hardly on the workers and small farmers. Both Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, if to differ-ent degrees and in different ways, are for leaving that burden where it is, in the interests of bankers, ranchers and industrialists. Labour and the Far-mers were for shifting it on to stronger shoulders, so the old parties lost heav-ily and Labour and the Farmers gained.

The results of the Elections, already published in "Irish Freedom," were: —

Votes: Seats: 1938 1943 1938 1943

Fianna Fail 667,996 555,113 77 67 Fine Gael 428,663 297,494 45 32 Labour 129,757 208,816 9 17 Farmers 141,157 — 14 Indep., etc. 60,680 116,632 7 8

FROM these figures it can be seen that Fianna.Fai l lost 20% of its

voters, and Fine Gael 30°/,',. Labour showed a gain of 60",,. Whilst Fianna Fail secured 48% of the seats, and thus, with the help of friendly inde-pendents seems likely to scrape a ma-jority on most issues, it secured only 42",, of the votes and thus becomes a minority party.

How far is the result representative, when about 300,000 voters are outside the country? The bulk of these would 1m* Fianna Fail and Labour supporters It is notable that practically all the Labour gains were at the expense of Fianna Fail, and if this swing to-wards Labour is reproduced among the emigrants, which seems highly prob-able, then it seems likely that the gainers by emigration have been Fine Gael and the losers Labour. The con-tention that emigration has lost I)e Valera his majority can scarcely be supported. Itather it has preserved Fine Gael from a worse debacle. Transport difficulties, too, may have affected the result, but the high coun-try poll appears to discount this. In the towns the absence of cars has been blamed for the lower poll. On the whole the result seems representative.

THE heavy Fianna Fail losses look plaee mainly in the industrial

constituencies of Dublin and Cork, Labour being the gainer. The nega-tive social policy of the Government, the Trade Union Bill and Wages Standstill Order undoubtedly influ-enced voters. The bonuses so liber-ally distributed in the months preced-ing the election came too late and were too small to have a decisive effect. Ftanna Fail's fear of Labour is illustrated by MacEntee's exhumation of the Red bogey, and Ills rather sur-

prising personal attacks upon what he regarded as the left wing of Labour. The victory of the Larkins was a double victory for that reason. It showed that the electorate is too ma-ture to be scared of candidates with good records and a sound policy.

LABOUR'S gains might have been greater if its election promises had

been a trifle more modest, and its pro-posals more constructive and realistic. The Party is not yet strong enough to form a government, but it can play an enormous part in mobilising the people for social advance. The Labour pro-gramme was published late, and its aims were insufficiently clear, especi-ally on the agrarian question. .But these weaknesses cannot obscure the fact that Irish Labour is climbing back towards the position it held 20 years ago, and it should not be many years before it challenges the older parties in a far more decisive way.

Little has appeared upon the policy of Clan na Talmhan. This agrarian group put forward as many as 47 can-didates, mainly in the Western dis-tricts, and secured the election of eight —to which must be added six other Farmer candidates also elected. These gains were at the expense of Fine Gael who had as good as adopted Fianna Fail policy, without having displayed any past efficiency in carrying it out, and who had, moreover, the disadvan-tage of a past of dubious associations. The remarkable growth of the Far-mers' movement testifies to the intense feeling which must exist among the small farmers of the West. Clan na Talmhan announced a programme of 27 points, very confused In character, but expressing the discontent of the small farmers. It is for Labour to find a way of bringing the power of the organised working class behind de-mands which will benefit these agri-culturists.

THE semi-fascist Coras na Poblacta, which put up five candidates, and

the frankly totalitarian Altiri na h'Aserghie did not secure a single seat between them, thus demonstrating clearly how the Irish people view Fascism.

Although, apart from the Farmers, no party will be completely satisfied bv the election results, and Mr. I)e Vaiera's hint that another one may be sprung may take more definite shape in the less immediate future, the elec-tions have clearly shown how fast the people are moving from the old con-ceptions expressed in the old parties, and that they are rallying round new leaders who have something more solid to offer them than an Ireland made safe for the rich ranchers and indus-trialists.

Labour's group in the Dail is im-pioved both in quantity MJid quality. If these representatives ran impress on the Government that it must gov-ern with full respect for the rights of the working-class and small farmers, and the party ran simultaneously con-duct a campaign throughout the coun-try, then prospects for achieving a real national unity are brighter than they have been for many years.

—C. Desmond Greaves.

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form, that reform aiter which virtue am! wisdom shall have conquered pain and vice when no government will be wanted but thai of your neighbours opinion." His c o n c e p t i o n of t he S t a v as an instr

men t of c lass oppress ion was amazing', clear, a n d . in the fo l lowing quo ta t ion . 1'. • a n t i c i p a t e s t h e words of Ei .g^ l ' s regard: : v t he " w i t h e r i n g away" of t h e S ta t e .

"Government is an evi i ; it is only the thought lessness and vices of men t ha t make it a necessary evil. When all men are good and wise, government will of itself decay."

. Bu t S h e l l e y was not only concerned w i \ Cathol ic E m a n c i p a t i o n . H e w a s concern" wi th a comple t e , u n c o n d i t i o n a l and nr..-versal e m a n c i p a t i o n , of w h i c h t he Cathoi . . cause w a s a s u b o r d i n a t e p a n .

"I desire Catholic Emancipation, but I desire not to stop here; and I hope there are few, who having perused the preced-ing arguments , will not concur with me in des ir ing a complete, a lasting, and a happy amendment . . . one which shall bring about the peace, harmony and happiness of Ireland, England, Europe and the World." Peace , h a r m o n y , a n d h a p p i n e s s . . .

To Shel ley , w a r was a n a t h e m a .

FREEDOM OF PRESS r p H E f r e e d o m of t he P res s , "placed as a -L s e n t i n e l t o a l a r m us w h e n a n y a t t emp t

is m a d e o n ou r l iber t ies ." is in t roduced to-wards>,the e n d of t he " A d d r e s s . " T h e case of P e t e r P i n n e r t y , . a l r e a d y men t ioned , is quoted.

"He was imprisoned for persisting in the truth. His judge told him on his trial that truth and fa lsehood were in-different to the law, and that if he owned the publication, any ' consideration whether the facts that it related were well or ill-founded, was totally irrelevant. Such is the libel law; such is the liberty of the Press—there is enough to think of."

The pamphlet conpluded: "I intend this Address as introductory to another. The organisat ion of a society whose in-st i tut ion shall serve as a bond to its members for the purposes of virtue, hap-piness, liberty and wisdom, by means of intel lectual opposition to grievances, would probably be useful . For the for-mation of such a society I avow myself anxious." F o u r h u n d r e d copies of t h e p a m p h l e t

were d i s t r i b u t e d wi th in t w o d a y s of pub-l ica t ion; e leven h u n d r e d r e m a i n e d to be sold to t h e people of D u b l i n . S ix ty copies were s e n t to public h o u s e s . O t h e r s were t h r o w n o u t of t he window o n to t he heads of pas se r s -by . La te r She l l ey l aunched his second p a m p h l e t on t h e s u b j e c t enti t led. " P r o p o s a l s fo r a n Assoc ia t ion of those P h i l a n t h r o p i s t s who C o n v i n c e d of the In-a d e q u a c y of t h e Mora l a n d Pol i t ical S ta te of I r e l a n d t o Produce B e n e f i t s which are N e v e r t h e l e s s A t t a i n a b l e a r e Will ing to Uni te to Accompl i sh i t s R e g e n e r a t i o n . "

HIS RETURN A F T E R seven weeks in I r e l a n d , Shellcv

a n d h i s wife a n d s i s te r - in - law set sail f r o m D u b l i n . T h e y a r r i v e d , a f t e r ano the r u n c o m f o r t a b l e cross ing in Holyhead where Shel ley h a d t i m e to p o n d e r on the f ru i t s of his visi t t o t h e Emera ld I s le before set t ing out for t h e S o u t h of E n g l a n d .

"I could stand Upon thy shores, 0 Erin, and could

count The bil lows that, in their unceasing

swell , Dash on thy beach, and every wave

m i g h t seem An instrument in Time the giant s grasp, To burst the barriers of Eternity. Proceed, thou giant, conquering and to

conquer; March on thy lonely way! The nations

fall Beneath thy noiseless foots tep; pyramids That for millcniums have defied the

blast, And laughed at l ightnings , thou dost

crush to nought. Yon monarch , in his solitary pomp, Is but the fungus of a winter day That thy light footstep presses into dust. Thou art a conqueror, T ime; all things

g ive way Before thee but the 'fixed and virtuous

will'; The sacred sympathy of soul which was When thou wert not, which shall be

w h e n thou perishest."

Printed by Ripley Printing Society Ltd. (T.U.), Nottingham Road, Ripley, Derby? . and published by the Editor, Premier House, 150 Southampton Row, London, W.C.I.

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