11/30/2011

Teacher: Yrjö Raivio

Assistants: Ramasivakarthik Mallavarapu and Koushik

Annapureddy

Aalto University, School of Science

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Data Communications Software

Email: {yrjo.raivio, ramasivakarthik.mallavarapu,

koushik.annapureddy}(at)aalto.fi

Course email: t-110.5121(at)tkk.fi

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T-110.5121 Mobile Cloud Computing

Summary

30.11.2011

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• Course targets

• Requirements, course feedback

• Grading

• Exam reading material

• Lecture schedule

• Summary of key issues

• Related courses

Outline

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• “You have a clear view of the advantages of distributed computing technologies, such as cloud computing, in the mobile space. You understand the core properties as well as the strengths and limitations of mobile cloud computing. You have a vision how clouds will change the mobile ecosystem, reviewed both from technology and business angles.”

• (Mobile) Disruption

• Neutral, scientific and critical view, over the hype

• Technology, Business, Theoretical and Practical approach

Targets

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• 5 ECTS: 24 + 0 (2 + 0), not applicable to post graduate studies

• Lectures 24 h, Lecture preparation 24 h, Assignments 48 h, Exam

preparation 36 h, Exam 3 h

• Lectures are not obligatory but highly recommendable

• Exam

• Tue 13.12.2011, 9-12, Tue 03.01.2012, 9-12 or Tue 29.05.2012, 9-12

• Initial structure (all rights reserved!):

• 3 questions, 2 must be answered (rougly one page together)

• 1 obligatory question: 6 definitions (one sentence each)

• 1 obligatory essay (roughly one page)

• 6 points from each: 0-11=0, 12-13=1, 14-15=2, 16-18=3, 19-21=4,

22-24=5

• 3 Assignments in pairs

• Course feedback opens 1.12.2011 and closes 13.1.2012

Requirements

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• Exam 50% + Assignments all together 50%

• Each assignment has the same weight, e.g. 1/3

• All parts evaluated 0-5

• To pass the whole course, each component must be passed at least with grade 1

• Example:

• Exam: 3

• Assignment 1: 3 = 3/3

• Assignment 2: 4 = 4/3

• Assignment 3: 5 = 5/3

Total: 50% x 3 +50% x 12/3 = 3.5 = grade 4 (rounded to closest integer)

Grading

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1. Armbrust, Michael, Fox, Armando, Griffith, Rean, Joseph, Anthony D., Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, Feb. 10, 2009, (23 pages), available at:

http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.pdf

2. Lee Badger, Tim Grance, Robert Patt-Corner and Jeff Voas: Draft Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations, Recommendations of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology, May 2011, Sections I-III (17 pages), available at: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-146/Draft-NIST-SP800-146.pdf

3. Albert Greenberg, James Hamilton, David A. Maltz and Parveen Patel, The Cost of a Cloud: Research Problems in Data Center Networks, ACM Sigcomm Computer

Communication Review, vol. 39, no: 1, January 2009 (6 pages)

4. Rolf Harms and Michael Yamartino: The Economics of the Cloud, Nov. 2010 (22 pages), available at: http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/presskits/cloud/docs/The-

Economics-of-the-Cloud.pdf

5. Rasmus Paivarinta and Yrjo Raivio: Applicability of NoSQL Databases to Mobile Networks: Case Home Location Register, to be published 2012 (17 pages); Yrjo Raivio and

Rushil Dave: Cloud Computing in Mobile Networks – Case MVNO, ICIN2011 (6 pages)

6. Mohammad Hajjat, Xin Sun, Yu-Wei Eric Sung, David Maltz, Sanjay Rao, Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai, and Mohit Tawarmalani, Cloudward Bound: Planning for Beneficial

Migration of Enterprise Applications to the Cloud, ACM SIGCOMM'10, (Sections 1-2, 2 pages); Ming Mao and Marty Humphrey, Cloud Auto-scaling with Deadline and Budget

Constraints, GRID 2010 (Sections 1-3, 3 pages); Z. Gong, X.Gu and J. Wilkes, “PRESS: Predictive elastic resource scaling for cloud systems”, CNSM 2010 (Sections 1-2, 3

pages)

7. Byung-Gon Chun, Petros Maniatis. Augmented Smartphone Applications Through Clone Cloud Execution. HotOS 2009, (5 pages), available at: http://berkeley.intel-

research.net/bgchun/clonecloud-hotos09.pdf

8. Cloud Security Alliance: Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0, March 2010, (14 pages), available from https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/topthreats/csathreats.v1.0.pdf

Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing, v. 2.1, Dec 2009, Section 5, (6 pages), available from https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/csaguide.pdf

Reading material to exam

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07.09 Introduction, Yrjö R

14.09 Basics, Yrjö R

21.09 Public Cloud, Yrjö R and Karthik M

28.09 Mobile Networks, Jukka K. Nurminen

05.10 Business in a Cloud, Sakari Luukkainen

12.10 Mobile Cloud, Yrjö R

19.10 Private Cloud, Yrjö R and Koushik A

02.11 Mobile Offloading, Matti Kemppainen

09.11 Dynamic Resource Provisioning, Karthik M

16.11 Encapsulated Security in Cloud, Jukka Ylitalo, Ericsson

23.11 Industry keynote, Erkka Ala-Tauriala, NSN

30.11 Summary, Yrjö R

07.12 Spare

Lecture schedule

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• Key Benefits

• Economies of scale

• Elasticity

• Resource planning

• Pay-as-you-go

• Always available

• Technology

• Virtualization, Storage, SLA, Provisioning, Energy, Security, Mobility

• Pros and Cons

• Differences between cloud types

• Public, Private, Hybrid, Community

• IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

• Amazon EC2 main features

Lecture 14.9: Basics & 21.09: Public

Cloud

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Source: Armbrust, Michael, Fox, Armando, Griffith, Rean, Joseph, Anthony D., ”Above the Clouds:

A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, Feb. 10, 2009.

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Definition

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“Mobile Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand mobile network access to a shared pool of configurable mobile computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

Adapted from: P. Mell and T. Grance, “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”, 2009

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Traffic load can vary a lot

Source: P. Zerfos et al., “A study of the Short Message Service of a nationwide cellular network”, IMC 2006.

Private cloud

Public cloud

Overprovisioning

Underprovisioning Hybrid cloud

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Source: Zhang, X. et al. Securing elastic applications on

mobile devices for cloud computing, 2009.

• What are the key issues in mobile networks/terminals related to cloud computing?

• How to minimize energy consumption in mobile

• GSM, HSPA or LTE – any difference

• IaaS, PaaS or SaaS/private or public cloud

• Regulation and security

• SLA (availability, throughput, latency)

Lectures 28.09: Mobile Networks &

23.11: Industry Keynote

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Source: Rasmus Paivarinta and Yrjo Raivio, ”Applicability

of NoSQL Databases to Mobile Networks:

Case Home Location Register”, to be published 2012;

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• Will LTE and cloud computing bring a disruption

• Cost savings

• Energy savings

• Case Amazon – lessons to telecom players?

• Key enablers: ATCA, private cloud, open APIs, market place

• Challenges: installed base, carrier grade SLA, trust

Lecture 05.10: Business in a cloud

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Sources: Rolf Harms and Michael Yamartino, “The Economics of the

Cloud; Albert Greenberg, James Hamilton, David A. Maltz and Parveen

Patel, The Cost of a Cloud: Research Problems in Data Center

Networks, Nov. 2010

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Lecture 02.11: Mobile Offloading

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Source: Kumar & Lu, ”Cloud Computing for Mobile Users:

Can Offloading Computation Save Energy ”, 2010

Source: Chun and Maniatis, ”Augmented Smartphone

Applications Through Clone Cloud Execution”, 2009

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Categories

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Source: Chun and Maniatis, ”Augmented Smartphone Applications Through Clone Cloud Execution”, 2009

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Mobile capabilities are improving but

battery capacity is still a bottleneck

• Less new services

• More frequent charging

• Physically larger battery

• More efficient chips in

energy wise

• Radical battery inventions

• Intelligent methods to save

energy

Energy

consumption

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Basic services (voice,SMS)

New

services

Email

Navigation

Multimedia

Social media Web

Battery

capacity

3D

NOK

NOK

NOK

OK

OK

?

Source: professor Jukka K. Nurminen

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• Why operators should care about cloud computing?

• Role of Open Innovation

• How operators can cope with Internet APIs

• Location information from terminal or network

• SLA, sustainability

• SaaS: End user intervention

• PaaS: Can be shared with other MVNOs

• IaaS: High computation

Lecture 12.10: Mobile Cloud

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Source: Yrjo Raivio and Rushil Dave, ”Cloud Computing in Mobile Networks – Case MVNO”, ICIN2011

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Vision

End users

Mobile

Offloading

Vendor Cloud

Operator

Cloud

Access

Cloud

Access

Cloud

Internet

Open Telco

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS

Hybrid

Cloud

Telecom Cloud

Load varies Load varies

in base

stations

End users move End users move

and use services

unpredictable way

Load varies in core Load varies in core

network elements and

between operators

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• Higher performance and elasticity

• Economies of scale

• Solutions on all IaaS, PaaS and SaaS layers

• Return on Investment (ROI) improved

• Capex to Opex transition, decrease Opex

• Smaller investment risk

• Lower IT administration costs (1$ IT vs. 8$ admin)

Cloud advantages and disadvantages

• Data security, access and availability are the biggest concerns

• Regulation restricts the transfer of customer sensitive data outside country or region (EU)

• Integration and customization of IT systems may become difficult

• Lack of cloud competences

• Performance of real-time systems like Prepaid, OSS and Network systems

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Lecture 19.10: Private Cloud

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• Cloud computing management software

• Manage infrastructure (private and public)

• Launch VMs into a cloud

• Resource scheduler

• Controls Life-cycle of VMs with the help of Hypervisors

• Storage management

• Network management

• Admin and user interfaces (API/CLI/GUI)

• Provide Image repository/marketplace

• Load balancer

• Accounting/Billing

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Virtualization

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1) Cost Savings

2) Better Resource Utilization

3) Better Memory Management

4) Increased Availability

5) Better Resource Provisioning

6) Energy Saving

APP

1

OS OS

CPU CPU

APP

N

CPU

2

Source: Z. Ou, Virtualization Technology, T-110.7100, Autumn 2010.

..

OS OS

CPU CPU

APP APP APP

1

OS OS

APP

N ..

CPU

1

Hypervisor Hypervisor

Virtual Machines Virtual Machines

..

Single task Multi task Hyper threading Virtualization

APP

1

OS-1 OS-1

APP

N .. APP

1

OS-N OS-N

APP

N ..

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Lecture 09.11: Dynamic Resource

Provisioning

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1. Reactive resource controller

• Detect changes in workload pattern and react to changes after the event occurs

• Suitable for services with predictable workload patterns

• Unreliable for QoS critical services

2. Proactive resource controller (Predictive)

• Predict/forecast changes in workload based on a recent history and react before the event occurs

• Can cater to variable and unpredictable workloads

• Efficiency largely depends on the prediction algorithm

Source: Ming Mao and Marty Humphrey, Cloud Auto-scaling with Deadline and Budget Constraints,

GRID 2010 (Sections 1-3, 3 pages)

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Architecture

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• Model the incoming workload pattern • Based on a recent history of workload data, predict (forecast) the future workload • Scale resources based on the predicted workload values well in advance • Resources are scaled before occurrence of the event • Suitable for performance/latency critical services • Most useful for variable incoming traffic and unpredictable workload patterns • Example use cases: Telecom components, online ticketing services, e-commerce applications etc.

Predictive model

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ARMA Source: Z. Gong, X.Gu and J. Wilkes, “PRESS: Predictive elastic

resource scaling for cloud systems”, CNSM 2010

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• Top threats

• Abuse and Nefarious Use of Cloud Computing

• Insecure Application Programming Interfaces

• Malicious Insiders

• Shared Technology Vulnerabilities

• Data Loss/Leakage

• Account, Service & Traffic Hijacking

• Unknown Risk Profile

Lecture 16.11: Security

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Source: Cloud Security Alliance, “Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0”, March 2010

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Domain 1: Cloud Computing Architectural Framework ........................................... 13

Domain 2: Governance and Enterprise Risk Management....................................... 31

Domain 3: Legal and Electronic Discovery................................................................. 35

Domain 4: Compliance and Audit ............................................................................... 37

Domain 5: Information Lifecycle Management .......................................................... 40

Domain 6: Portability and Interoperability.................................................................. 46

Domain 7: Traditional Security, Business Continuity, and Disaster Recovery........ 50

Domain 8: Data Center Operations.............................................................................. 52

Domain 9: Incident Response, Notification, and Remediation ................................ 54

Domain 10: Application Security ................................................................................. 57

Domain 11: Encryption and Key Management ........................................................... 60

Domain 12: Identity and Access Management ........................................................... 63

Critical areas of focus

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Source: Cloud Security Alliance, ”Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing, v. 2.1”, Dec 2009.

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Data Lifecycle Management

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Source: Cloud Security Alliance, ”Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing, v. 2.1”, Dec 2009.

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• T-110.5130 Mobile Systems Programming (5 cr), Spring III-IV, Sakari Luukkainen

• T-110.5140 Network Application Frameworks P (5 cr), Spring III-IV, Jukka K. Nurminen

• T-110.5191 Seminar on Internetworking P (5 cr), Spring IV, Antti Ylä-Jääski

• T-110.7111 Internet Technologies for Mobile Computing P (3-5 cr), Spring IV, Sasu Tarkoma

Related and recommended courses

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Questions?

Contacts:

Teacher: yrjo.raivio(at)aalto.fi, A122

Assistants: ramasivakarthik.mallavarapu(at)aalto.fi, PlayRoom

koushik.annapureddy(at)aalto.fi, A118

Course staff: t-110.5121(at)tkk.fi