Szydagis 02.07 - University at Albany, SUNY · Transit is smaller object ... ¡ Mars: 2 ¡ Jupiter:...
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Transcript of Szydagis 02.07 - University at Albany, SUNY · Transit is smaller object ... ¡ Mars: 2 ¡ Jupiter:...
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Anastronomicalpotpourri
Szydagis02.07.2018
1/11
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¡ Nearlyallgravitationalorbitsareoneofafewpossiblecross-sectionsoftwoofwhatshape?§ A.Cylinder§ B.Football§ C.Egg§ D.Cone
¡ Whendoesthefirstdayofspringseasonoccur?§ A.March20always(Gregoriancalendar)§ B.Dependswhichhemisphereyouarein§ C.Itisnotadayitisatime,andchanges
2/11
Onthesecondquestionbelow:DisbothB.&C.
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¡ Trueofanyforcedecreasingwithinversesquareofdistance¡ Therearetwomorenotpicturedhere:radialorbit(straight-line
inorout)andade-stabilizingspiral(general-relativisticeffect)3/11
Prof.AmandaW.Peet,UniversityofToronto
Parabolaistippingpointbetweenellipseandhyperbola.Meansyouloseyourkineticenergy(comingtorestatinfinity)
Hyperbolicorbitmeanscomeandgo,butstillgoingatinfinitedistance
Circularorbitisnotstable(tooperfect)
Anellipseisamathematical-lypreciseobject.Itisnotjustan“oval.”
Parabolaisthatshapeyoulearnedaboutinalgebraclass(quadraticpolynomial:x2ishighestpowerinit)&projectiletrajectories
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¡ Contrarytopopularbelief,theEarth’sorbitisNOTahighlyexaggeratedellipse§ It’squitecircular
¡ Ourseasonsarenotcausedbyorbitalshape/proximitytoSun§ CausedbytiltofEarth’saxis
§ Planet-wide!4/11
TheseseasonlabelsreferonlytotheNorthernHemisphere
SouthernHemispherehasOPPOSITEseasons.Isclosesttosuninsummer
Exactdatesvary-March19-22-June20-22-Sept.21-24-Dec.20-23
Itisaprecisemomentintime.Forexample,thisyearspringwillbegin6:29aEDT3/20(common)
Firstdaysofseasonscalled:vernalequinox,summersolstice,autumnalequinox&wintersolstice.Differentdatesinplaces.
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¡ TheEarth‘wobbles,’likeatop,asitrotatesaboutitsownaxis,andrevolvesaroundSun§ 1cycletakes~26,000yearstocomplete
§ CausedbytidalforceofSunonequatorialbulge
¡ ThubannotPolariswasthePoleStarduringtimeoftheGreatPyramid§ NextVegain12millennia. 5/11
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
http://www.intoxicatedonlife.com
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6/11
http://ap.io/mpip/03/
Stigmatellaaurantiaca
Tidallocking
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¡ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouRbkBAOGEw(PresidentJohnF.KennedyspeechabouttheMoon:WeChoosetoGo…)
7/11
Notetoself,iflowontime:skiptothebestpart,~8minutesin
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¡ Moonismuchsmallerthansun,butmuchcloser,sothatcompensates,makingtotalsolareclipsespossible§ PartialeclipsesoccurwhenMoonjustclipstheSun
§ Annulareclipsesoccurwhensizesnotquitematchedup
¡ Usuallyverybrief.Invisiblesolarfeaturesmayappear§ Solarflaresandprominences
8/11
Picture:JayPasachoff/ScienceFaction/Corbis
Eclipseisatypeofsyzygy,moregeneraltermforstraight-linealignmentofcelestialobjects.Transitissmallerobjectinfrontoflarger;occultationotherway
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¡ Mercury:0¡ Venus:0¡ Earth:1¡ Mars:2¡ Jupiter:67(16)¡ Saturn:62(18)¡ Uranus:27(15)¡ Neptune:14(8)¡ [Pluto:5(1)]
9/11
Inparenthesesarenumbersknowninmyoldbookfrom1992.Ourdatahaveimproved.
solarsystem.nasa.gov
Wehavetoaddword“natural”nowbecauseofthemanyartificialoneswe’veputinorbitoftheEarth!http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/
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¡ Planetsareorbitingatdifferentspeedsattheiruniqueradii§ Theyareveryrarely(thousandsofyears)inanicelinelikeintextbookillustration
§ CanattimesbeonoppositesidesofSun(badformissions)
¡ Canaligninourskyand/orfromspace
10/11
Friday,May5th,2000(nottoscaleofcourse)
http://www.goagil.com/seattle.html
Crazypeoplethoughtthiswouldendtheworld
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¡ Quiz#7¡ Purposeofhaving1perclassistoenhancelearning,preventcram¡ Clearwhoarenotdoingthereading:bi-modaldistribution
11/11