Systems Engineering Project Product IntroductionSystems Engineering Project Product Introduction by...
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Systems Engineering Project Product Introductionby Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE
e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
A course in Systems Engineering that can be taught in a few hours. It uses inter-action with the participants to link SE principles and methods to the domain of theparticipants.
Distribution
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.
October 27, 2019status: draftversion: 0.1
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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Figure Of ContentsTM
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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SEPPIlogo
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Worksheet
What Project/Product do you work on?
Who is your external customer?
If product, what project will first use it, and hence what external
customer?
In what phase is your project?
What are your external customer’s key
drivers?
What are your system’s key performance
parameters?
Who are your stakeholders?
What are the main functional and performance
challenges for your system design?
1
2
3
4
5
electronic version of the worksheet: https://gaudisite.nl/SEPPIworksheet.xlsx
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Question 1; Opening
In what phase is your project?
What are your external customer’s key
drivers?
What are your system’s key performance
parameters?
Who are your stakeholders?
What are the main functional and performance
challenges for your system design?
2
3
4
5
What Project/Product do you work on?
Who is the your external customer?
If product, what project will first use it, and hence what external
customer?
1
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SEPPIworksheetOpening
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Systems Engineering Process, V-model
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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SEPPIlogoProcess
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Project Life Cycle
tenderdesign and
engineering
manufacturing
and
installation
operation and
maintenancedisposal
offer
order
acceptance
final payment
concept
study
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PSEIPprojectLifeCycle
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Phased Project Approach
needs
design
verification
engineering
core information
in draft50%
most information
available in
concept
information is stable
enough to use
heavier change control
Legend:
specification
preparing or updating workfull under development
0.
feasibility
1.
definition
2.
system
design
3.
engineering
4.
integration
& test
5.
field
monitoring
tender design and engineering installationoperation and
maintenance
DR DR DR
concept
study
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PSEIPphases
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Magic Words
0.
feasibility
1.
definition
2.
system
design
3.
engineering
4.
integration
& test
5.
field
monitoring
design and engineering installationoperation and
maintenance
DR DR DR
define objectives, analyze, and mitigate risks
tenderconcept
study
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SEPPIphasesMagicWords
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V-Model
needs
specification
system design
subsystem design
component design
component realization
component test
subsystem test
system test
verification
validation
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TPSEPvModel
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More Magic Words
needs
specification
system design
subsystem design
component design
component realization
component test
subsystem test
system test
verification
validation
requirements
specification as input to the
design, documented
SMART
Specific, Measurable,
Acceptable, Realistic,
Traceable
requirements engineering
the flow down of the requirements through the V.
verification
of result against
specification
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SICSEvModel
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Reuse and Products
reuse
pro
ducts
reuse
specs
reuse
pro
ducts
reuse
specs
tenderdesign and
engineeringinstallation
operation and
maintenancedisposal
tenderdesign and
engineeringinstallation
operation and
maintenancedisposal
tenderdesign and
engineeringinstallation
operation and
maintenancedisposal
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PSEIPreuseAndProducts
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Question 2; Project Status
What Project/Product do you work on?
Who is your external customer?
If product, what project will first use it, and hence what external
customer?
What are your external customer’s key
drivers?
What are your system’s key performance
parameters?
Who are your stakeholders?
What are the main functional and performance
challenges for your system design?
1
3
4
5
In what phase is your project?2
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SEPPIworksheetStatus
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The Role of Systems Engineering
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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SEPPIlogoRoleSE
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Systems Engineering Top View
customer value
proposition
business
proposition
system
requirements
system design &
technologydrives dr
ives
drive
s
en
ab
les
enables enab
les
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ARCVtopView
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Systems Engineering Field
organizational
context
operational and lifecycle context
technology
customer value
proposition
business
proposition
system
requirements
system design
drives drives
drive
s
en
ab
les
enables enab
les
customer
organization
business
organization
developing
organization
supplying
organizations
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ARCVtopViewExpanded
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Value Network
subsystems
systemssystemssystem of
interestsupplier
organization
super
system
customer
organization
subsystems
subsupplier
organizationcomponents
other
system
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SEPPIvalueNetwork
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Main Responsibilities Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering: Fitness-For-PurposeAchieving customer and business key drivers
via key performance parameters of system
based on technical expertise
customer
~5 key drivers
business
~5 key drivers
system
~10 key
performance
parameters
subsystems
~10 key
concepts,
technologies,
decisions
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SEPPIsystemsEngineering
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Multi-Disciplinary Design
me
ch
an
ica
l
en
gin
ee
rin
g
ele
ctr
ica
l
en
gin
ee
rin
g
op
tics
me
asu
rem
en
ts
me
ch
atr
on
ics
so
ftw
are
en
gin
ee
rin
g
em
be
dd
ed
co
ntr
ol
reliability
process quality
throughput
customer
~5 key drivers
business
~5 key drivers
system
~10 key
performance
parameters
subsystems
~10 key
concepts,
technologies,
decisions
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SEPPIinterdisciplinaryDesign
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More Magic Words
customer
~5 key drivers
business
~5 key drivers
system
~10 key
performance
parameters
subsystems
~10 key
concepts,
technologies,
decisions
me
ch
an
ica
l
en
gin
ee
rin
g
ele
ctr
ica
l
en
gin
ee
rin
g
op
tics
me
asu
rem
en
ts
me
ch
atr
on
ics
so
ftw
are
en
gin
ee
rin
g
em
be
dd
ed
co
ntr
ol
reliability
process quality
throughputSystems Engineering is multi-disciplinary
and is responsible for integration of the
parts. It takes a holistic perspective.
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SEPPIholistic
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and Even More Magic Words
Systems Engineering and Engineering
are reponsible for development of
the supply chain
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SEPPIsupplyChain
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Stakeholders, Needs, Concerns
stakeholders
everyone with a stake in the system, e.g.
decision makers,managers, sales, service,
purchasing, engineers, operators, cleaners,
regulation, standards, quality assurance, …
Stakeholders have
needs and concerns
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Question 3; Stakeholders
What Project/Product do you work on?
Who is your external customer?
If product, what project will first use it, and hence what external
customer?
What are your external customer’s key
drivers?
What are your system’s key performance
parameters?
What are the main functional and performance
challenges for your system design?
1
4
5
In what phase is your project?2
Who are your stakeholders?3
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SEPPIworksheetStakeholders
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Needs and Requirements
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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An Oil and Gas Perspective
INCOSE 2014Best StudentPaper Award
ProjectEstimated
cost
Actual /
New
estimate
ChangeChange in
%
Balder 5 8,08 3,08 62
Gullfaks Sat 1 6,86 9 2,14 31
Jotun 6,2 7,2 1 16
Njord 6,31 7,76 1,45 23
Norne 8,62 9,27 0,65 8
Oseberg Sør 8,05 8,75 0,7 9
Oseberg Øst 3,49 4,3 0,81 23
Troll Gass 18,25 20,77 2,52 14
Varg 2,94 3,64 0,7 24
Visund 7,85 11,4 3,55 45
Åsgard 28,52 37 8,48 30
Kårstø 2,94 7,08 4,14 141
Åsgard Transport 7,36 7,96 0,6 8
Snøhvit LNG 43,8 64,5 20,7 47
Ormen Lange 72,5 107,1 34,6 48
Alvheim 8,7 17,2 8,5 98
Statfjord Seinfase 14,5 18,5 4 28
Blane 1,8 3,5 1,7 94
Valhall Re-dev 23,7 39,9 16,2 68
Gjøa (ink gaspipe) 30,2 34,7 4,5 15
Yme 4,7 8 3,3 70
Skarv 34,3 35,8 1,5 4
Vega + Vega Sør 6,4 7,5 1,1 17
Numbers from the investment committee's report are all calculated as
value pr. 1998
Early Phase Need Analysis -
Can We Ease Systems Integration?
Eldar Tranøy, Aker Solutions
· Large cost overruns on EPC projects on the
Norwegian continental shelf
· 10 large EPC projects totaled a 96 GNoK
cost overrun
· Consistent trend with cost overruns from
1994 through 2008
· Main Cost Drivers: Scope changes and
late design changes
Eldar Tranøy Reduction of Late Design Changes Through Early Phase Need Analyis,
INCOSE 2014 in Las Vegas, Brian Mar Award for best student paper
http://gaudisite.nl/INCOSE2014_Tran%C3%B8y_Muller_ReductionOfLateDesignChanges.pdf
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Systems Engineering Benchmarking
· Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK)
· Fundamental SE process:
Example Project – Vigdis NE WOS
Amount of SE:
· 8,5% of total project cost
· Too low for optimum SEE
· High enough to expect good results
Finding:
Mismatch between tendered design and operational needs
The design is not suitable for the actual operational needs
Examples of typical
missing data:
· Meteorological
and
oceanographic
data
· Field data
· Soil data
· Fluid data
· Installation vessel
data
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EVSNpaperEldarBenchmarking
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Analysis of Cost and Potential Impact
· Analysis of VO registry
· Changes to design or scope normally results in a variation order (VO)
· Cost of change is normally carried by customer
· Review of 23 VO’s
· Findings
· 74% of the VO’s were preventable by need analysis
· 92% of the cost incurred by late design changes, were preventable
· Root cause analysis of the preventable VO’s
· Changes to product design
· Mismatches between project requirements and operational needs
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EVSNpaperEldarAnalysis
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Overview of Requirements for a Workover System Project
Evaluating the effectiveness and effort in applying a Requirements Management Tool on a Subsea Oil and Gas Workover System
Damien Wee, INCOSE 2016, https://gaudisite.nl/INCOSE2016_Wee_Muller_Requirements.pdf
112 documents!
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SEPPIrequirementsInOG
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Tender and V-model
manufacturing, installation, operation and
maintenance
design and
engineering
concept study and tender
needs
specification
system design
subsystem design
component design
component realization
component test
subsystem test
system test
verification
validation
tenderdesign and
engineering
manufacturing
and
installation
operation and
maintenancedisposal
concept
study
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SEPPItenderAndVmodel
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Problems Appear Late
needs
specification
system design
subsystem design
component design
component realization
component test
subsystem test
system test
verification
validation
inte
grat
ion
and
test
specification and designε
ε
failures found during integration and testcan be traced back to unknowns,
unforeseens, and wrong assumptions
ε
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MSIEVlateValidation
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The SE Theory on Needs
customer
~5 key drivers
business
~5 key drivers
system
~10 key
performance
parameters
subsystems
~10 key
concepts,
technologies,
decisions
· Elicit needs and constraints
· Understand Customer, field
development context, and
TechnipFMC (operation,
business, stakeholders, risks,
…)
· Transform into requirements
· Understand trade-offs, risk
margins, and compromises
· Ensure feasibility, timely
achievability, and affordability
· Cope with deviations and
changes
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SEPPIneedsAndRequirements
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Question 4; Key Drivers and Performance
What Project/Product do you work on?
Who is your external customer?
If product, what project will first use it, and hence what external
customer?
1
In what phase is your project?2
Who are your stakeholders?3
What are the main functional and performance
challenges for your system design?5
What are your external customer’s key
drivers?
What are your system’s key performance
parameters?
4
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SEPPIworksheetKey
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Some Fundamental Systems Engineering Techiques
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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SEPPIlogoTechniques
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Engineering
engineeringsystem specification
system design
parts data base
production procedures
qualification procedures
system documentation
procurement
production
installation
lifecycle
support
quality
assurance
ERP PDMSCMCAD
mechanical
electrical
design
database
source
code
management
resource
planning,
e.g. SAP
product
data
management
doc
DB
project
documents
know-
ledge
DB
source data
engineering knowledge
past
experience
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SPFengineering
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Partitioning is Applied Recursively
Well
Integrity
system
Riser
System
Rig
Evaluating the effectiveness and effort in applying a Requirements Management Tool on a Subsea Oil and Gas Workover System
Damien Wee, INCOSE 2016, https://gaudisite.nl/INCOSE2016_Wee_Muller_Requirements.pdf
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Decoupling via Interfaces
part
e.g. pressure
and flow
regulator
part
e.g. pipe
part
e.g. pipe
hydrocarbon
interface
power
interface
control
interface
e.g. CAN
mechanical
mounting interfaceother part with
same interfaces
can replace
original
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Simplistic Functional SubSea Example
prevent
blow-outs
regulate
flow and
pressure
hydrocarbons
from well
increase
well
pressure
separate
gas, oil,
water, sand water
sand
transport to
top-side
measure
pressure,
temp, flow
control
pressure,
temp, flow
sensor
signals
sensor data
settings
hydro
carbons
combine
multiple
streams
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Quantification
Size
Weight
Cost
Reliability
Throughput
Response time
Accuracy
2.4m * 0.7m * 1.3m
1450 Kg
30000 NoK
MTBF 4000 hr
3000 l/hr
0.1 s
+/- 0.1%
many characteristics
of a system, function or part
can be quantified
Note that quantities
have a unit
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More and More Magic Words
Partitioning facilitates the organization, logistics, production, and service
Interfaces are used to decouple
Functional models explain how the system and parts operate
Quantification helps to achieve fact-based decision making
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Example Technical Budget
process
overlay
80 nm
reticule
15 nm
matched
machine
60 nm
process
dependency
sensor
5 nm
matching
accuracy
5 nm
single
machine
30 nm
lens
matching
25 nm
global
alignment
accuracy
6 nm
stage
overlay
12 nm
stage grid
accuracy
5 nm
system
adjustment
accuracy
2 nm
stage Al.
pos. meas.
accuracy
4 nm
off axis pos.
meas.
accuracy
4nm
metrology
stability
5 nm
alignment
repro
5 nm
position
accuracy
7 nm
frame
stability
2.5 nm
tracking
error phi
75 nrad
tracking
error X, Y
2.5 nm
interferometer
stability
1 nm
blue align
sensor
repro
3 nm
off axis
Sensor
repro
3 nm
tracking
error WS
2 nm
tracking
error RS
1 nm
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Even More Magic Words
process
overlay
80 nm
reticule
15 nm
matched
machine
60 nm
process
dependency
sensor
5 nm
matching
accuracy
5 nm
single
machine
30 nm
lens
matching
25 nm
global
alignment
accuracy
6 nm
stage
overlay
12 nm
stage grid
accuracy
5 nm
system
adjustment
accuracy
2 nm
stage Al.
pos. meas.
accuracy
4 nm
off axis pos.
meas.
accuracy
4nm
metrology
stability
5 nm
alignment
repro
5 nm
position
accuracy
7 nm
frame
stability
2.5 nm
tracking
error phi
75 nrad
tracking
error X, Y
2.5 nm
interferometer
stability
1 nm
blue align
sensor
repro
3 nm
off axis
Sensor
repro
3 nm
tracking
error WS
2 nm
tracking
error RS
1 nm
Models facilitate analysis and
help to obtain understanding,
insight, and overview
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Question 5; Functional and Performance Challenges
What Project/Product do you work on?
Who is your external customer?
If product, what project will first use it, and hence what external
customer?
1
In what phase is your project?2
Who are your stakeholders?3
What are your external customer’s key
drivers?
What are your system’s key performance
parameters?
4
What are the main functional and performance
challenges for your system design?5
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The Role of Systems Engineering
magic SE words
Some words in systems
engineering are used very
often and play a crucial
role. These words are
highlighted and
explained in the
presentation
Process, V-model
Role of Systems Engineering
Fundamental SE Techniques
Summary
Needs and Requirements
Q1 A1
Q2 A2
Q3 A3
Q4 A4
Q5 A5
Worksheet
Final Discussion and Reflection
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SEPPIlogoClosure
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All Magic Words
objectives
risk (analysis, mitigation)
requirements
(engineering, management)
SMART
verification
validation
multi-disciplinary
integration
holistic
stakeholders
needs and concerns
V-model
partitioning
interfaces
functional
fact based
quantification
model
analysis
understanding
insight
overview
Fitness-for-Purpose
life cycle
supply chain
customer key drivers
business key drivers
key performance parameters
concepts
technologies
decisions
unknowns
unforeseens
assumptions
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SEPPImagicWords
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Reflection
How much do you know of the Systems Engineering
playing field?
What are TechnipFMC’s main strengths and
weaknesses in Systems Engineering?
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SEPPIreflection