Urology, Reproductive Urology, Reproductive system, Endocrinologysystem, Endocrinology

& Anaesthesiology& AnaesthesiologyProf Manal BaddourProf Manal Baddour

Microbiology and Immunology Dept.Microbiology and Immunology Dept.

Combining FormsCombining Forms

UrineUrine KidneyKidney Renal PelvisRenal Pelvis UreterUreter BladderBladder UrethraUrethra

Ur/oUr/o

Nephr/o, Ren/oNephr/o, Ren/o

Pyel/oPyel/o

Ureter/oUreter/o

Cyst/oCyst/o

Urethr/oUrethr/o

Ur/o = UrineUr/o = Urine

Ur/o/logy: Ur/o/logy:

Study of the urinary tractStudy of the urinary tractUro/logist: Uro/logist:

a specialist in the study of a specialist in the study of urinary tract diseasesurinary tract diseases

Nephr/o = KidneyNephr/o = Kidney

Nephr/o/ptosis: Nephr/o/ptosis:

Prolapsed (fallen) kidneyProlapsed (fallen) kidney

Nephr/itis: Nephr/itis:

Inflammation of the kidneyInflammation of the kidney

NephronNephron

Ren/o = KidneyRen/o = Kidney

Ren/al: Ren/al: Pertaining to the kidneyPertaining to the kidney

Pyel/o = Renal PelvisPyel/o = Renal PelvisPyel/itis: Pyel/itis:

Inflammation of the Inflammation of the renal pelvisrenal pelvis

Ureter/o = UreterUreter/o = Ureter

Ureter/o/lith: Ureter/o/lith: Stone or calculus in the ureterStone or calculus in the ureter

Urethr/o = UrethraUrethr/o = Urethra

Urethr/o/tomy: Urethr/o/tomy: Incision into the urethraIncision into the urethra

-uria -uria = (= (Condition of) Condition of) UrineUrine

Poly/uriaPoly/uria Olig/uriaOlig/uria Hemat/uriaHemat/uria

Too much urinationToo much urination Abnormally low amount of Abnormally low amount of

urineurine Blood in the urineBlood in the urine

New SuffixNew Suffix

-pexy-pexy

-rrhaphy-rrhaphy

Surgical Surgical FixationFixation

Suturing or Suturing or stitchingstitching

ureteropexyureteropexy

HerniorrhaphyHerniorrhaphy

Enuresis:Enuresis:

Involuntary release of urine (bed Involuntary release of urine (bed wetting)wetting)

Noct/: nightNoct/: nightNocturnal: Nocturnal:

pertaining to nightpertaining to nightNoct/urnal enuresis: Noct/urnal enuresis:

bed wetting at nightbed wetting at night

Male Genital SystemMale Genital System

Andr/o:Andr/o:

Implying male genderImplying male genderAndrology:Andrology:

The science dealing with The science dealing with the study of diseases of the the study of diseases of the male genital systemmale genital system

Spermat/o, Sperm/o(i) = Spermat/o, Sperm/o(i) = SpermSperm

Sperma Sperma = Seed = Seed Sperm, Sperm, spermatozoaspermatozoa, male germ , male germ

cellscells

Spermat/o/genesis: Spermat/o/genesis:

formation of spermformation of sperm

Spermat/o, Sperm/o(i) = Spermat/o, Sperm/o(i) = SpermSperm

Sperm/i/cide: Sperm/i/cide: -cide -cide = to kill or destroy= to kill or destroy An agent used to kill An agent used to kill spermsperm

Contra/ception:Contra/ception:

Contra: againstContra: against

Ception: pregnancyCeption: pregnancy

=an agent that prevents =an agent that prevents pregnancy pregnancy

TesticleTesticle

Singular nounSingular noun

Plural nounPlural noun

Adjectival formAdjectival form

Test/isTest/isTest/icleTest/icle

Test/esTest/esTest/iclesTest/icles

Test/icularTest/icular

Orchid/o, Orchi/o= TesticleOrchid/o, Orchi/o= Testicle

Excision of Excision of the testiclethe testicle

Pain in the Pain in the testestestes

OrchidectomOrchidectomyy

Orchid/algiaOrchid/algia

Prostat/o = Prostate GlandProstat/o = Prostate Gland

Prostat/ic (adj.): Prostat/ic (adj.):

pertaining to pertaining to the prostate glandthe prostate gland

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): (BPH):

enlargement of the enlargement of the prostate due to increase in number prostate due to increase in number of cells and agingof cells and aging

Semin/o = Semen

• Semin/al (adj.):

The combination of fluids and sperm

• Semen:

Combined fluid of prostatic fluid and sperm, secreted by seminal vesicles

• Semin/oma:

A malignant neoplasm found most often in young men

Pen/o = PenisPen/o = Penis

Pen/ile (adj.): Pen/ile (adj.):

Pertaining to penisPertaining to penis

Female Genital SystemFemale Genital System

Gynec/o, Gyn/e = WomanGynec/o, Gyn/e = Woman

GyneGyne = woman = woman Gynec/ology: Gynec/ology:

Field of medicine that deals with Field of medicine that deals with diseases of womendiseases of women

Oophor/o = Ovary Oophor/o = Ovary (egg bearing)(egg bearing)

Oon = Oon = eggegg o/o o/oPhorosPhoros = bear = bear phor/o phor/oOophor/ectomy: Oophor/ectomy:

Excision of the ovaryExcision of the ovary

Salping/o = Fallopian TubesSalping/o = Fallopian Tubes

Salpinx Salpinx = trumpet (shape)= trumpet (shape)

Salping/o = Fallopian TubesSalping/o = Fallopian Tubes

Use a hyphen between 2 like vowels Use a hyphen between 2 like vowels when building compound wordswhen building compound words

Salpingo-oophoritis: Salpingo-oophoritis:

inflammation of ovary inflammation of ovary and tubesand tubes

Cervic/o = Neck of the uterusCervic/o = Neck of the uterus

Cervic/itis: Cervic/itis:

Inflammation of the cervixInflammation of the cervix

Colp/o = VaginaColp/o = Vagina

Colp/itis: Colp/itis:

Inflammation of the vaginaInflammation of the vagina

Uter/o = UterusUter/o = UterusUter/ine (adj.): Uter/ine (adj.):

Pertaining to uterusPertaining to uterus

Hyster/o = UterusHyster/o = Uterus

Hyster/ectomy: Hyster/ectomy:

an excision of the uterusan excision of the uterus

Metr/o = Uterine tissueMetr/o = Uterine tissue

MetraMetra = Womb = Womb

Endometritis: Endometritis: Inflammation of the uterine liningInflammation of the uterine lining

Gravida= pregnancyGravida= pregnancy

Nulli/gravida:Nulli/gravida:

never got pregnantnever got pregnantMulti/gravida: Multi/gravida:

got pregnant several timesgot pregnant several timesPrimi/gravida: Primi/gravida:

got pregnant for the first got pregnant for the first timetime

Part/o:delivery/birth/laborPart/o:delivery/birth/labor Post/partum: Post/partum:

after deliveryafter delivery Para: Para:

live birthlive birth Nulli/para: Nulli/para:

never gave birth to a childnever gave birth to a child Primipara: Primipara:

giving birth to first childgiving birth to first child Multi/para: Multi/para:

Giving birth to multiple childrenGiving birth to multiple children

Mast/o, mamm/o: breastMast/o, mamm/o: breastMast/ectomy: Mast/ectomy: surgical excision of the surgical excision of the

breastbreastGyneco/mastia: Gyneco/mastia: enlargement of the male enlargement of the male

breastbreast

Mammoplasty: Mammoplasty: Surgical reconstruction of the Surgical reconstruction of the

breastbreast

Mammography: Mammography: the process of recording the the process of recording the

state of the breast using x-rays.state of the breast using x-rays.

EndocrinologyEndocrinology

Endo- =Endo- = Inside Inside

Endo/crine: Endo/crine:

To secrete inside. Glands that To secrete inside. Glands that secrete hormonessecrete hormones

Endo/crin/ology: Endo/crin/ology:

The medical specialty studying The medical specialty studying the endocrine systemthe endocrine system

ThyroidThyroid

Hyper/thyroid/ism:Hyper/thyroid/ism:

Overactive thyroidOveractive thyroidHypo/thyroid/ism: Hypo/thyroid/ism:

Underactive thryoidUnderactive thryoid

Adren/o = Adrenal glandAdren/o = Adrenal gland

Adrenal glands are also called Adrenal glands are also called Supra/renal glandsSupra/renal glands because they are because they are above the kidneys.above the kidneys.

Supra/renal glandsSupra/renal glands produce produce epi/nephr/ineepi/nephr/ine..

AnaesthesiologyAnaesthesiology

Esthesia = Feeling, SensationEsthesia = Feeling, Sensation

An/esthesi/a: An/esthesi/a:

Without or lack of sensationWithout or lack of sensation An/esthesi/o/logy: An/esthesi/o/logy:

Study or specialty of anesthesiaStudy or specialty of anesthesia An/esthesi/o/logist: An/esthesi/o/logist:

A physician specialist in anesthesiaA physician specialist in anesthesia

Algesia = Oversensitivity to Algesia = Oversensitivity to PainPain

Algesia = Algesia =

Hyper/esthesi/a = Hyper/esthesi/a =

Oversensitivity to painOversensitivity to painAn/alges/ia: An/alges/ia:

Condition without painCondition without pain

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