System Sizing for Off grid and Grid Tied Battery Backup Expo...Grid Tied with Battery Back-up...
Transcript of System Sizing for Off grid and Grid Tied Battery Backup Expo...Grid Tied with Battery Back-up...
System Sizing for Off grid and Grid Tied
Battery Backup
RE04
System Sizing
System Sizing
Customer Expectations
Needs Vs Wants
Are they being realistic?
What is their primary goal?
Grid Tied or Off Grid?
What are voltage requirements and loads.
Any thoughts of future expansion?
Grid Tied with Battery Back-up
Initial questions
What is driving this decision.
Urge to offset utility bills?
What amount of solar is right for the customer?
Are there space limitations?
What are the budget restraints?
Load requirements during power outages?
Is the primary concern sell back or loads.
Internal– not for distribution
Off grid
Confirm
Be absolutely certain of the voltage requirements
What are the load requirements in watt-hours per day?
How many days of autonomy?
Emphasize the advantages of efficient loads
Internal– not for distribution
Three basic system components
1 Inverter 2 Charge Controller 3 Battery
1 Inverter
Should be sized to handle load surges or process solar
2 Battery
Must run the loads for the required time
3 Charge Controller
PV must match loads + controllers voltage and wattage
Internal– not for distribution
Inverter Systems
FP1
FP2
Radian
FW1000
OutBack Charge Controllers
Vdc 12 24 48 60
FM60 720 1440 2880 3600
FM80/FME 960 1920 3840 4800
Batteries
EnergyCell RE 200
Rated Capacity at C/20*
Energy Available for Backed-up Loads (50%
DOD)
Scenarios
8.544 kWh 4.272 kWh ~178 W x 24 hrs ~356 W x 12 hrs ~534 W x 8 hrs
17.376 kWh 8.688 kWh ~362 W x 24 hrs ~724 W x 12 hrs ~1,086 W x 8 hrs
26.064 kWh 13.032 kWh ~543 W x 24 hrs ~1,086 W x 12 hrs ~1,629 W x 8 hrs
OutBack Battery Sizing
AC Coupling Solutions
from
Outback Power
What is AC Coupling?
• Moves RE to loads or grid via an AC bus
• Can be on or off the grid
• Mini-grid applications?
• Standard 120/240 voltages
• Lower cost and losses
• Easy connectivity
• But…how to maintain generation/load balance
when off-grid?
How does OutBack fit into an AC
Coupled Mini-grid?
• Off-grid “village” power
• Large scale backup
• Has closed loop control over RE
sources and generator
AC Coupling for Backup Power
• What’s the motivation behind backup power
installations?
• Grid failure and instability
• Annual occurance of the 100 year storm
• Climate change and other fear factors
Typical Grid Tie Inverter
Connections
Grid Hybrid System
• First choice for battery backup
• AC Coupled as after-thought is
more expensive
Classic AC Coupling to Grid Tie
Inverter
AC Coupled Current Flow with Live
Grid
AC Coupled Current Flow with Grid
Loss
Grid Loss
AC Coupled Current Flow with no
PV or Grid
AC Coupled Radian Single Line
Diagram
OutBack AC Coupling Option for
the Radian Inverter
• Prewired GSLC175-120/240, plus…
• Remote Operated C.B. (ROCB)
• ROCB Control Relay
• GTI Lockout Relay
• …makes a new AC Coupling load center,
GSLC175-AC-120/240
• Only requires 4 field connections from GTI
• Two optional connections for Generator
• New AC Coupling MATE3 function
• Quick Start Guide
Our AC Coupling Advantages
Charge Controller Float Coordination
Global Charger Output Control
FLEXnet DC Advanced Control
Reset to Factory Defaults
M A T E 3
AC Coupled Control
Enabled Y
AUX Output Port 1
AC Coupled Control
• “Smart” ROCB control logic
• Y/N setting selection
• Protects against user reconnect on
high battery
• Grid sense for GTI reconnect
• ROCB can manually disconnect the
GTI
• Less expensive than external relays
& transfer switch
• Simple to install
• No diversion loads required
• Uses temperature compensated
charging setpoints
• Dual AC Inputs
• Gen-Start relay locks out GTI for safe
generator operation (most Freq. shift
DO NOT)
• GTI has path for mechanical bypass
of battery based inverter
Radian AC Coupling Guidelines
1.Daily critial loads should not
exceed 80% battery bank DOD
Table 1 – Total battery energy for various rates of discharge on the OutBack Energy Cell 200RE AGM battery.
8 Hour Discharge 12 Hour Discharge 24 Hour Discharge
7.6 kWh 8.1 kWh 8.7 kWh
15.1 kWh 16.2 kWh 17.4 kWh
22.8 kWh 24.3 kWh 26.1 kWh
30.4 kWh 32.4 kWh 34.8 kWh
38.0 kWh 40.5 kWh 43.5 kWh
45.6 kWh 48.6 kWh 52.2 kWh
One String kWh
Two String kWh
Three String kWh
Four String kWh
Five String kWh
Six String kWh
AC Coupling Guidelines
1. Match PV Array to Charge Amps for EnergyCell RE battery strings PV Array
kW max
(STC)
Charging Amps*
(Based on
array size)
Number of 200RE
Battery Strings
Available Capacity at
C/24 rate
with 80% DOD
2 kW 30 amps 6.9 kWh
4 kW 60 amps 13.9 kWh
6 kW
90 amps
20.8 kWh
*Based on following calculations: 2000 W array x 75% = 1,500 watts. Charge amps implied: (1500 ÷ 48 V) x .96 (effic. of FM60) = 30 Amps
Radian AC Coupling Guidelines
2.OutBack Inverter
kW should be
125% more than
GTI kW
X 1.25 =
6 kW 8 kW
Design Guidelines
3. Array energy production needs to match the combined
energy usage of loads and battery charging*.
16 kWH 13 kWH
3 kWH
• This guideline is the same as any off-grid design
• No efficiency losses shown • A generator could be added if needed.
Crtical Loads Device
Watts
Daily Use
Hours
Kilowatt
Hours
Refrigerator 1.0 kw 6 hrs (24 x
0.25)
6.0 kWh
Lights (6 ea 17W CFL) 0.1 kW 16 hrs 1.6 kWh
Receptacle Loads 0.3 kW 16 hrs 4.8 kWh
Total kWh Per Day 12.4 kWh
OutBack AC Coupling Summary
New GSLC175-AC-120/240 Load Center ROCB with 12V AUX Port Control
ROCB Control Relay
Gen-Start relay with GTI lockout
Only 4-6 new field connections
New MATE3 AC Coupling Function Smart ROCB control logic
Can override customer intervention
Grid sense ensures GTI connection when grid is active
Uses temperature compensated setpoints
ROCB Technology Loadcenter integration reduces costs and simplifies connections
Can be used as GTI disconnect for 50A max overload ratings
Provides emergency GTI shutoff
Virtually no parasitic load
OutBack AC Coupling Summary
Dual AC Inputs
Safe Generator Operation
Uses standard MATE3 Advanced Generator Start (AGS) Start/Stop settings
Locks out GTI (not possibly with Frequency Shift alone)
Much cheaper and easier to implent than external relays and transfer switches
No Expensive, Invasive Diversion Loads Required
OutBack AC Coupling Summary
Complete Easy-To-Install Turnkey AC Coupling Solution
Radian 8kW
Inverter
AC Coupling
Load Center
RE Batteries
and
Battery Rack
MATE 3
System I/F
2014 NEC Updates OutBack’s
Integrated Combiner Solution
(ICS)
Arc-Fault Protection (Direct
Current) – 690.11
PV systems with a DC source operating at or above 80VDC shall be
protected by a listed DC Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI)
UL 1699B
2011 Requirement updated in 2014
Not limited to PV systems in or on a building
• NEC requires protection for series arcs, not
parallel arcs Series Arc-Fault – Arc from discontinuity in electrical conductor
Parallel Arc-Fault – Electrical discharge between conductors with different
potentials
Rapid Shutdown – 690.12
“PV system circuits installed on or in buildings shall include a rapid shutdown function that controls specific conductors in accordance with 690.12(1) through (5) as follows:
I. Requirements for controlled conductors shall apply only to PV system conductors of more than 1.5 m (5 ft) in length inside a building, or more than 3 m (10 ft) from a PV array.
II. Controlled conductors shall be limited to not more than 30 volts and 240 volt-amperes within 10 seconds of rapid shutdown initiation.
III. Voltage and power shall be measured between any two conductors and between any conductor and ground.
IV. The rapid shutdown initiation methods shall be labeled in accordance with 690.56(B).
V. Equipment that performs the rapid shutdown shall be listed and identified.”
Ground Fault Protection for
Grounded PV Systems (690.5)
Changes from 2011 NEC – all current-carrying conductors must now be provided with ground-fault protection (this was permitted in 2011 but not required).
“Blind Spot” in PV systems Hazardous, caused notable fires
Applicable for larger, higher-voltage systems and ungrounded PV systems
Current GFDI offering for is compliant with requirement for OBP systems (low voltage, grounded)
Current offering for is compliant with requirement for OBP systems PNL-GFDI-80 (1 pole)
PNL-GFDI-80D (2 poles)
PNL-GFDI-80Q (4 poles)
DC Combiner Disconnect – 690.15
(C)
“DC Combiners mounted on roofs must
have a load break disconnecting means
located in or within 6 ft of the dc combiner”
Drivers for ICS Plus
Increase system safety by providing a complete
2014 NEC-compliant solution.
Pre-integrate combiner boxes to ease installation
and cut labor time in the field.
Continue providing an end-to-end, UL 1741 DC
offering from OutBack Power (everything from roof
to batteries).
FLEXware ICS Plus Solution
3 Pre-integrated combiners all NEC 2014 compliant
Including…:
Overcurrent Protection Devices (OCPD’s)
Terminal Bus Bars
NEMA 3R Enclosure
Arc Fault Detection and Interruption
…with a combination of:
Rapid Shutdown, External Disconnect, or neither
Breakers or Fuses
Junction Boxes
For use in Rapid Shutdown Systems to shutdown
by charge controller(s)
Rapid Shutdown Interface (RSI)
To be installed by service equipment/meter
Release Summer 2015
ICS Combiner Boxes
Features
Powder-coated aluminum chassis, NEMA 3R & IP 54
Stainless steel hardware
Vertical wall-mount, pole-mount or sloped roof mount to 14° incline (3 in 12 roof pitch)
Low profile design allows for flexible mounting options
Padlockable lid that can be completely removed for ease of installation
Touch-safe internal distribution blocks, no need for a deadfront
Ready-to-go
Cable gland(s) installed
OCPD’s pre-integrated in two models
Pre-wired to save time n field
Release to Sales at the end of March
FLEXware ICS Offering
New FLEXware ICS Combiner Box Models and Descriptions
FWPV6-15B150 Combiner Box integrated with (6) 15A, 150 Vdc DIN rail breakers, touch-safe distribution blocks and cable glands. To provide a cost-competitive solution that streamlines inventory while speeding installation.
FWPV4-15B150 Combiner Box integrated with (4) 15A, 150 Vdc DIN rail breakers, touch-safe distribution blocks and cable glands. To provide a cost-competitive solution that streamlines inventory while speeding installation.
FWPV6 Combiner Box integrated with touch-safe distribution blocs and cable glands for ultimate flexibility.
A Look Inside
NEC 2014 Compliance
for Battery Based PV Systems
Presentation Outline
690.11 and 690.12 code changes for 2014
690.11 Arc Fault
690.12 Rapid Shut Down
Solutions
Conclusion
690.11 Arc Fault
Detection/Interruption
Photovoltaic Systems with dc source circuits, dc output circuits, or both,
operating at a PV system maximum system voltage of 80 volts or
greater, shall be protected by a listed (dc) arc- fault circuit
interrupter, PV type, or other system components listed to provide
equivalent protection. The PV arc fault protection means shall comply
with the following requirements:
The system shall detect and interrupt arcing faults resulting from a failure in the
intended continuity of a conductor, connection, module, or other system component
in the dc PV source and dc PV output circuits.
The system shall require that the disabled or disconnected equipment be manually
restarted.
The system shall have an annunciator that provides a visual indication that the
circuit interrupter has operated. This indication shall not reset automatically
UL1699B Type1 and Type2
690.12 Rapid Shutdown
NEC 690.12 (C) states: PV system circuits installed on or in
buildings shall include a rapid shutdown function that
controls specific conductors in accordance with 690.12(1)
through (5) as follows: Requirements for controlled conductors shall apply only to PV system
conductors of more than 5 ft in length inside a building , or more than
10ft from a PV array.
Controlled Conductors shall be limited to not more than 30V and 240
voltamperes within 10 seconds of rapid shutdown initiation.
Voltage and power shall be measured between any conductor and ground.
The rapid shutdown initiation methods shall be labeled in accordance with
690.56(B).
Equipment that performs the rapid shutdown shall be listed and
identified.