System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 1 System Requirements Review...
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Transcript of System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 1 System Requirements Review...
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 1
System Requirements Review
Robert AungstChris ChownMatthew GrayAdrian Mazzarella
Brian BoyerNick GohnCharley HancockMatt Schmitt
Team 5
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 2
Contents
• Problem Definition• Product Overview• Business Case• Competition• Customer Attributes• Design Requirements
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 3
Problem Definition
• Develop an Unmanned Aerial System to maintain an “area of coverage” for some desired capability
• Study potential customers and develop business case, concept of operations, and system requirements
• Conduct trade studies to generate design requirements
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 4
Concept of Operations
• Continuous area coverage of metropolitan areas and beaches for advertising purposes
• Instead of one constant message, such as in banner towing, multiple advertisements will be presented
• Large LED screens will display advertising in a preset rotation
• Business will be developed around this new technology
• Seven UAVs based at one South Florida airport, serving 3 high population areas
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 5
• Typical Mission1. UAV fueled and advertisements loaded2. Takeoff, then cruise to target area (<175 nm)3. Loiter 6 hours while displaying advertising (~50 kts)4. Cruise back to base and land
• Continuous area coverage of 18 hrs (6am to 12am)
– 3 missions with 6 hour loiter per city– 3 cities total; 9 missions per day– Current plane Requirement: 7
Concept of Operations (continued)
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 6
Payload Definition
• Two High Intensity LED Screens– 7.42 ft X 45 ft
• ½ Billboard size• Viewable up to 1500 ft
– 1000 lbs installed (each)• Screen Weight: 3lbs/sq.ft.
– Off the shelf product• $180,000 cost
– Power consumption• 19.5 kw / 26 hp
– Daytime viewable• Brightness: 6500 cd/m²
– Dynamic display• 60 fps video/text
– Weatherproof
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 7
Current Markets
• Outdoor Advertising is currently billboard dominated
• Aerial Advertisement is a subset of the 17% Alternative Outdoor Category
• In 2005, an estimated $183 billion was spent on advertising– Outdoor Advertisement
generated $6.3 of this $183 billion
• According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA), outdoor advertising is the fastest growing medium after the internet
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 8
Current Markets
• Manned Aerial Advertising Markets
– NASCAR: 130,000 – 200,000 people
– Major League Baseball: 20,000 – 70,000 people
– Concerts: 20,000 – 100,000 people
– Professional / College Football: 50,000 – 150,000
people
– Professional Soccer: 20,000 – 100,000 people
– Beaches: 15,000 – 1,500,000 people
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 9
Retention of Aerial Advertising
• Little Studio Design and Research– Conducted 750 interviews on four
South Florida beaches– Findings:
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 10
Advantages Over Current Aerial Advertising Methods
• Full Motion Advertising– Maintains captive audience
• More Exposures• Dynamic Messages
– Supports multiple customers– Market-driven advertising– Redefines business model
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 11
Current Markets
• Targeting Options– Geographic– Demographic– Event
• Company Contracts– Firms decide where
they wish to be advertised
– This usually occurs at high-volume events
2005 Top Ten OutdoorAdvertising Brands
1. McDonalds Restaurant 2. Cingular Wireless Service 3. Verizon Long Distance
Business & Residential 4. General Motors Corp Auto
& Truck 5. Anheuser-Busch Beers 6. Nextel Wireless Services 7. Warner Bros Movies 8. Coca-Cola Soft Drinks 9. Verizon Wireless Service 10. Miller Beers
Source: OAAA
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 12
Potential Markets
• Preliminary home base will be a general aviation airport in Central Florida– Sebring Regional– Naples Municipal– Lakeland Linder Regional
• These airports provide convenient access to numerous potential target areas– Miami– Orlando– Tampa– Key West– Ft. Lauderdale– West Palm Beach
• Year-round capability
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 13
Potential Markets
• Domestic Expansion Possibilities– Southern California– Jersey Shore/ Long
Island– Chicago/ Lake Michigan– Las Vegas
• International Expansion Possibilities– Mediterranean Europe– Coastal Australia– Mexico/ Carribbean
• Five Year Outlook– New bases will be
opened in areas with the greatest economic potential
– These areas will be capable of reaching multiple target segments
– Desired markets will have high exposure rates combined with low transportation costs
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 14
Business Costs and Revenue
• Startup costs:– Aircraft Components: $10,000,000 /
plane– Tooling for construction: $10,000,000– Payroll during construction: $1,200,000– Advertising: $2,100,000– Hangar Costs: $405,000
• Operating Costs (per year):– Fuel: $3,100,000– Payroll: $1,200,000– Advertising: $720,000– Maintenance: $1,400,000– Hangar Costs: $405,000
• Revenue:– $1500 / hr– 3 cities / 18 hrs a day– Yearly: $22,400,000
Yearly Income: $15,000,000
Years to Break Even: 5
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 15
Aerial Advertising Alternatives
• Cessna 182– Loaded Weight: 3,110 lb– Cruise Speed: 145 kts– Stall Speed: 49 kts– Range: 930 nm
• Stinson 108– Loaded Weight: 2,400 lb– Cruise Speed: 111 kts– Stall Speed: 65 kts– Range: 434 nm
• American Blimp Corp. A-170– Payload: 4650 lb– Cruise Speed: 14 kts– Stall Speed: N/A– Range: 504 nm
Source: Airliners.net
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 16
Similar UAVs
• Northrop Grumman Global Hawk– Length: 44 ft– Loaded Weight: 22,900 lb– Cruise Speed: 350 kts– Endurance: 34 hrs
• General Atomics Predator A– Length: 28 ft– Loaded Weight: 2,250 lb– Cruise Speed: 70 kts– Endurance: 24 hrs
• General Atomics Predator B– Length: 36 ft– Loaded Weight: 10,000 lb– Cruise Speed: 220 kts– Endurance: 14 hrs
Source: Airliners.net
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 17
QFD: House of Quality
Impo
rtan
ce
Loite
r T
ime
L/D
Siz
e of
LE
D S
cree
n
Cru
ise
Vel
ocity
Loite
r V
eloc
ity
Spe
cific
Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n (A
ssum
ing
Fue
l)
Cru
ise
Ran
ge
Thr
ust-
to-W
eigh
t Rat
io
Stif
fnes
s-T
o-W
eigh
t Rat
io
Tur
n R
adiu
s
Rat
e of
Clim
b
Tak
eOff
Dis
tanc
e
Tak
eoff
Wei
ght
Flight Endurance 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 3 9 0 6 3 9
Takeoff/Landing Distance 9 1 9 9 0 0 3 1 9 9 0 3 9 9
Low "Fuel" Consumption 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 1 6 1 9
Autonomous Flight 1 0 0 0 3 6 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0
Climb Performance 10 1 9 9 0 0 3 1 9 6 1 9 3 9
Ground Control 6 1 0 0 6 6 3 3 3 0 9 3 3 0
Display Dynamicism 5 0 0 9 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Easy to adjust text for different altitudes 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 1
Ability to adjust loiter speed to read text 16 6 0 3 0 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
"Stability" 7 1 0 3 6 6 0 1 1 6 3 3 6 9
Noise 8 1 1 1 3 6 9 0 6 0 0 3 9 6
Visibility of messages in all conditions 2 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Pollution 13 6 3 1 9 9 9 3 6 1 1 3 3 6
Maintainability 11 3 0 6 0 0 3 3 3 9 0 0 0 6
"WOW " effect 15 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Manufacturability 14 3 0 9 0 0 3 3 3 9 0 0 0 6
367 281 750 285 489 498 200 436 484 110 334 297 653
0.066 0.051 0.135 0.051 0.088 0.090 0.036 0.078 0.087 0.020 0.060 0.053 0.1178 12 1 11 4 3 13 6 5 14 9 10 2
8.0 22.0 360.0 135.0 45.0 0.5 400 0.5 100.0 2500.0 3000.0 7000.06.0 17.0 180.0 120.0 60.0 0.8 350 0.3 150.0 1500.0 5000.0 10000.0
hrs. sq. ft. knots knots 1/hr nm ft. FPM ft. lbs.S/L Std.
TargetsThresholds
HOW
Importance (Absolute)
Importance (Relative)Rank of Absolute Importance
WH
AT
S
Per
form
ance
Ada
ptab
ility
Env
ironm
ent
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 18
Target Design Requirements
• Loiter Velocity:• Cruise Velocity:• Clean L/D:• Specific Fuel
Consumption:• Cruise Range:• Loiter Time:• Size of Screen:
55 kts135 kts22
0.5 / hr400 nm8 hr8’ x 45’
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 19
Database of Existing UAVs
.0465330 .0605546 .0542898 .19196890 max1.661224e
payo
WW W E V
W
• Sample Database of Existing UAVs:
• From database of existing UAVs, we created a least squares data fit to find an estimated empty weight fraction:
UAV NameWo [lb]
(Gross Takeoff Weight)We [lb]
(Empty Weight)We/Wo
(Weight Fraction)Wpay [lb]
(Payload Weight) Endurance [hr] Vmax [kts] Engine Type
Vindicator 1,199.00 589.60 0.4917 198.00 20.00 150.00 pistonSkyeye R4E UAV 1,249.60 737.00 0.5898 268.40 12.00 110.00 pistonI-GNAT 1,546.60 897.60 0.5804 200.20 52.00 140.00 t-charged pistonHunter RQ-5A 1,620.00 999.00 0.6167 200.00 11.60 106.00 pistonHelios 1,650.00 1,322.00 0.8012 200.00 24.00 23.46 electricHunter MQ-5B 1,800.00 1,320.00 0.7333 200.00 18.00 106.00 piston (heavy fuel)Altus 2,145.00 870.00 0.4056 150.00 24.00 99.87 t-charged pistonPredator 2,350.00 1,197.46 0.5096 448.80 40.00 117.23 t-charged pistonSkyWatcher 2,900.00 1,900.00 0.6552 490.00 15.00 150.00SkyRaider 4,000.00 1,800.00 0.4500 665.00 25.00 175.00Predator B 6,500.00 2,800.00 0.4308 750.00 24.00 230.00 turbopropRQ-3 DarkStar 8,600.00 4,360.00 0.5070 1,000.00 12.00 299.48Proteus 12,500.00 5,900.00 0.4720 7,260.00 18.00 280.00 turbofanGlobal Hawk (Tier II Plus) 25,600.00 9,200.00 0.3594 2,000.00 42.00 343.00 turbofan
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 20
Historical Empty Weight Fraction vs. Gross Weight
Empty Weight Fraction vs. Gross Takeoff Weight (lbs)
R2 = 0.3902
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
0.9000
0.00 5,000.00 10,000.00 15,000.00 20,000.00 25,000.00 30,000.00
Gross Takeoff Weight (lbs)
Em
pty
Wei
gh
t F
ract
ion
Database Data
Linear Fit Model
Power (Database Data)
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 21
Historical Empty Weight Fraction vs. Payload Weight
Empty Weight Fraction vs. Payload Weight (lbs)
R2 = 0.2341
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
0.9000
0.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 4,000.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 7,000.00 8,000.00
Payload Weight (lbs)
Em
pty
We
igh
t F
rac
tio
n
Datebase Data
Liner Fit
Power (Datebase Data)
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 22
Gas Turbine vs. Gas Propeller vs. Electric Propeller
7000 lbs15000 lbs
7000 lbs
• Studies estimate a GTOW of 7,000 lb, very near threshold value
• Asymptote in electric propulsion trade study shows infeasibility
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 23
Questions?
Thank you for your time!
Comments and Questions?