System Programming Laboratory

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AKSingh@FET-MITS

MODY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, LAXMANGARH

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

MBA-TECH CSE 3

rd

YEAR

SYSTEM PROGRAMMING LAB

(Autumn Sem 2013-14)

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Ajay Kumar Singh Submitted By: Divyanti Chauhan

Asst. Prof. FET

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2. touch-It is used to create a ew epty file. You cat write aythig i the file siultaeously.

SYNTAX: touch filename

E.g. touch test

For multiple files:

E.g. touch test1, test2, test3

3. date-To show date and time of the system.

SYNTAX: date

Typing this command will show the date and time in a particular format.

Fri Jan 6 08:52:42 MST 2013

4. cal-To display the calendar of present month with the present day highlighted.

SYNTAX: cal

Typing this command will show the calendar as shown below.

5. who-To show the various connection being done on the UNIX remote server.

SYNTAX: who

Typing this command will generate a huge list of connections as shown below:

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6. ls-To list all the files and directories present on this particular path.

SYNTAX: ls

Typing this command will generate the names of the files and directories as shown below.

Another way to use ls is when you are not sure about the filename or directory name you can use

two symbols with the characters of the file you are sure.

? - this symbol can replace a single characterE.g. lssyst?m

Typing this command will generate a list of all the files with the missing probable character

such that other specified characters match.

* - this symbol can replace a string of charactersE.g. ls sys*

Typing this command will generate a list of all the files with the missing probable string such

that other specified characters match.

7. rm To remove a file from the current path.

SYNTAX: rm filename

E.g. rm test1

Typing this command will remove the specified file permanently.

rm can also be used in an interactive manner.SYNTAX: rmi filename

E.g. rmi test1

Typing this command will assure interactively that whether you want to delete this file or

not and then you have to write y or n for yes and no respectively as required.

8. mkdir-To make a new directory

SYNTAX: mkdir filename

E.g. mkdirsyslab

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9. cd-To change the directory path from current directory to a new directory

SYNTAX: cd dirname

E.g. cd syslab

Typing this command will change the workspace from current directory to a new one and will show

subsequent change in path line too.

cd is also used to simply come back from any sub directory to the home directory.

SYNTAX: cd

Similarly if you want to come back from current directory to the home directory step wise one by

one then we can use cd..

SYNTAX: cd..

10. mv- To rename a file as well as directory

SYNTAX: mv oldnamenewname

E.g. mv test1 tests

mv can also be used to move a file from current directory to any other directory asspecified.

SYNTAX: mv filename dirname

E.g. mv tests syslab

11.cp- To copy the contents of a file to another file.

SYNTAX: cp file1 file2

E.g. cp tests student

Typing this command will move the content of file1 in file2

cp can also be used to copy a file from one directory to another directory.SYNTAX: cp filename dirname

E.g. cp tests syslab

Typing this command will copy tests file to the directory syslab also

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12. echo- To display a string

YNTAX: echo strig or echo strig

E.g. echo my name is divyanti

Typing this command will generate the above written string on the terminal.

To display a value of a variable on the terminalSYNTAX: echo $varname

E.g. a=10

echo $a

Typing this command will show 10 as the output on the screen.

13. read-To take input from the user.

SYNTAX: read varname

E.g. read aTyping this command will give the space to the user to enter the value.

***In UNIX, no pre declaration of variables is required.

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INTRODUCTION TO UNIX

Basic features of Unix:

Multiple users to be connected simultaneously at a time. Multitasking system Security- secured file system

Basic structure of Unix operating system:

Kernel is the only program that can directly interact with the hardware. Shell is interpreters for

instructions specifiedby application program. Kernel executes the instructions on hardware.

Actual task is processed by hardware.

***We will work on shell level.Types of shell:

bourne shell- most popular C shell

vi editorIn vi editor we will be writing shell script.

***The extension of the program is .sh

To run the file we simply write sh. Filename is specified with extension.

ApplicationProgram

Shell

Kernel

Hardware

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SHELL SCRIPTS

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Command: ls -l

1st

column file and directory permission

- in start is File

d in start is- directory

r-read

w-write

x-execute

next column is user id

next column is group id

next column is no of bytes file will contain

next columns is last date modified and last time modified

last column is the filename

y11csmba15

11 is the no of link provided to that file

-rw r- - r- -

1st

three bits- user permission

2nd

three bits - group permission

3rd

three bits- permission( in others group is not included)

r-4w-2

x-1

total 7 numeric weight permissions

to change the permission of any particular user

ch mode

eg. We want owner group others

7 2 0

Ch mod 740 filename.sh

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1.WriteMessage can be sent from one UNIX user to other

Syntax: Write

Then ctrl d

2 prerequisites:

- The user whom you are sending must be logged in else anerror message will be generated

- Secondly the user must have provided permission to sendmessage to that user

2. mesgn

To set the receiving permission as no to receive messages.

3.Finger commandIt is used to check which users are logged in. It is only for super

user.

4.WhoTSame as finger command for normal users.

+ denotes the users who permit to receive the message

- Who dont permitpts/0 pts/1 etc they are terminal names

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5.write(In case one user is logged in one more than one system)

write

6.wallTo send messages to all users even though the receiving

permission is not availed. Meant for super users or administrators

only.

Syntax:

Wall

Ctrl d

7.mailTo send mail to any UNIX user.

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SYNTAX: mail

Subject: _______________________

Ctrl+d

For more than one user

Mail .

8.mail userid


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Divyanti Chauhan (110319) Page 1

PROGRAM-1

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PRINT YOUR NAME ON TERMINAL

echo input your name

read name

echo your name is $name

OUTPUT:

input your name

divyanti

your name is divyanti

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PROGRAM-2

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PRINT THE SUM OF THE TWO NUMBERS

echo input two number

read a

read b

c=`expr $a + $b`

echo sum is $c

OUTPUT:

input two number

5

7

sum is 12AKSingh@FET-MITS


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PROGRAM-3

WAP TO PRINT THE DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO NUMBERS


read a

read b

c=`expr $a - $b`

echo difference is $c

OUTPUT:

input two number

8

5

difference is 3

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PROGRAM-4

WAP TO PRINT THE PRODUCT OF THE TWO NUMBERS


read a

read b

c=`expr $a \* $b`

echo product is $c

OUTPUT:

input two number

5

10

product is 50

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PROGRAM-5

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO DISPLAY THE QUOTIENT OF TWO NUMBERS


read a

read b

c=`expr $a / $b`

echo quotient is $c

OUTPUT:

input two number

8

4

quotient is 2AKSingh@FET-MITS


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PROGRAM-6

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO FIND THE LARGEST AMONG THE THREE NUMBERS

echo input the values of a,b,c

read a

read b

read c

if test $a -gt $c

then

{ if test $a -gt $b

then

echo $a is largest

elif test $b -gt $c

then echo $b is largest

fi }

elif test $c -gt $b

then echo $c is largest

fi

OUTPUT:

input the values of a,b,c

5

7

8

8 is largest

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PROGRAM-7

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO CALCULATE THE PERCENTAGE OF A STUDENT AND DISPLAY ITS

DIVISION ACCORDINGLY

echo enter the marks of the students in 5 subjects out of 100

read a

read b

read c

read d

read e

sum=` expr $a + $b + $c + $d + $e `

f=` expr $sum \* 100 `

percent=` expr $f / 500 `

echo percentage of the student is $percent

if test $percent -ge 60

then echo The student has got first division

elif test $percent -ge 50 -a $percent -lt 60

then echo The student has got second division

elif test $percent -ge 40 -a $percent -lt 50

then echo The student has got third divison

fi

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OUTPUT:

enter the marks of the students in 5 subjects out of 100

78

79

86

98

86

percentage of the student is 85

The student has got first division

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PROGRAM-8

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO INITIATE A MENU DRIVEN PROGRAM THAT PERFORMS A SET OF

COMMANDS MENTIONED USING SWITCH CASE

echo "1.date

2. cal

3. ls

4. mkdir

ENTER THE SERIAL NO OF THE OPERATION YOU WANT TO PERFORM

read a

case $a in

1)date;;

2)cal;;

3)ls;;

4)echo "enter the name of directory"

read d

mkdir $d;;

*)echo "Wrong choice"

esac

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PROGRAM-9

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO SHOW BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING SWITCH CASE

echo "1. ADDITION

2.SUBTRACTION

3.MULTIPLICATION

4.DIVISION"

echo enter the no.s u want to operate on

read a

read b

echo enter your choice

read c

case $c in

1)sum=` expr $a + $b `

echo sum is $sum;;

2)diff=` expr $a - $b `

echo diff is $diff;;

3)prod=` expr $a \* $b `

echo prod is $prod;;

4)quotient=` expr $a / $b `

echo quotient is $quotient;;

*)echo wrong choice

esac

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OUTPUT:

1. ADDITION

2.SUBTRACTION

3.MULTIPLICATION

4.DIVISION

enter the no.s u want to operate on

8

7

enter your choice

3

prod is 56

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PROGRAM-10

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO FIND THE FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER AND PRINT IT ON THE TERMINAL

echo enter the number whose factorial you want

read a

f=1

i=1

while [ $i -le $a ]

do

f=` expr $f \* $i `

i=` expr $i + 1 `

done

echo the factorial is $f

OUTPUT:

enter the number whose factorial you want

4

the factorial is 24

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PROGRAM-11

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO ACCESS A FILE AND PRINT ITS CONTENT ON THE TERMINAL

echo input the filename

readfname

terminal=`tty`

exec


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PROGRAM-12

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PRINT THE NUMBER OF LINES PRESENT IN A FILE ON THE TERMINAL


readfname

terminal=`tty`

exec


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PROGRAM-13

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF WORDS IN A FILE


readfname

terminal=`tty`

exec


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PROGRAM-14

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PRINT THE SQUARE ROOT OF A PERFECT SQUARE NUMBER

echo enter the number whose square root you want to calculate

read n

m=`expr $n / 2`

while [ $m -ge 1 ]

do

f=` expr $m \* $m `

if test $f -eq $n

then echo $m is the squareroot

m=0

elif test $f -ne $n

then m=` expr $m - 1`

fi

done

if test $m -eq 1

then echo number provided is not a perfect square

fi

OUTPUT:

enter the number whose square root you want to calculate

256

16is the squareroot

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PROGRAM-15

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO ENTER AN ARRAY AND DISPLAY ITS ELEMENTS USING FOR LOOP

echo enter the elements in the array

for i in {1..5}

do

read a[$i]

done

echo The elements in the array are:

for i in {1..5}

do

echo ${a[$i]}

done

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OUTPUT:

enter the elements in the array

4

5

6

7

8

The elements in the array are:

4

5

6

7

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PROGRAM-16

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO ENTER AN ARRAY AND DISPLAY ITS ELEMENTS USING WHILE LOOP

echo enter the array size

read n

i=1

echo enter the array values

while test $i -le $n

do

read a[$i]

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

i=1

echo the array values are

while test $i -le $n

do

echo ${a[$i]}

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

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OUTPUT:

enter the array size

5

enter the array values

4

5

6

7

8

the array values are

4

5

6

7

8

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PROGRAM-17

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO ENTER AN ARRAY AND DISPLAY ITS ELEMENTS IN REVERSE ORDER


for i in {1..5}

do

read a[$i]

done

echo The elements in the array are:

for i in {5..1}

do

echo ${a[$i]}

done

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OUTPUT:


4

5

6

7

8

The elements in the array are:

8

7

6

5

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OUTPUT:

#1

input file name

syslab

syslab is a file

#2

input file name

sys

sys is a directory

#3

input file name

sys1

sys1 is not a file

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PROGRAM-19

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN FILE HAS WRITE PERMISSION. IF SO, THEN

APPEND THAT FILE

echo enter the filename

read fname

if [ -w $fname ]

then

echo $fname has a write permission

echo write the matter and press ctrl d to save

cat>> $fname

else

echo no write permission for $fname

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OUTPUT:

enter the filename

test

test has a write permission

write the matter and press ctrl d to save

test file updated successfully

(ctrl + d)

( cat test)

test

This is my first program.

test file updated successfully

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PROGRAM-20

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO CHECK WHETHER TWO STRINGS ARE SAME OR NOT. ALSO CHECK

WHETHER EACH STRING HAVE ZERO LENGTH OR NON ZERO LENGTH.

echo enter the string 1

read str1

echo enter the string 2

read str2

if [ "$str1" = "$str2" ]

then echo $str1 and $str2 have same length and same characters

else

echo $str1 and $str2 dont have same length and same characters

fi

if [ -n "$str1" ]

then echo $str1 has nonzero length

else echo $str1 has zero length

fi

if [ -n "$str2" ]

then echo $str2 has non zero length

else echo $str2 has zero length

fi

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OUTPUT:

#1

enter the string 1

happy day

enter the string 2

happy day

happy day and happy day have same length and same characters

happy day has nonzero length

happy day has nonzero length

#2

enter the string 1

happy

enter the string 2

HAPPY

happy and HAPPY have same length and same characters

happy has nonzero length

HAPPY has nonzero length

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PROGRAM-21

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO CHECK WHETHER TWO STRINGS ARE SAME OR NOT. ALSO CHECK

WHETHER A STRING HAVE ZERO LENGTH OR NON ZERO LENGTH.PERFORM THIS WITHOUT IF

CONSTRUCT.

echo enter the string1

read str1

echo enter the string2

read str2

[ $str1 = $str2 ]

echo $?

[ $str1 != $str2 ]

echo $?

[ -n $str1 ]

echo $?

[ -z $str1 ]

echo $?

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OUTPUT:

enter the string1

good

enter the string2

bad

1

0

0

1

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PROGRAM-22

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO CHECK WHETHER THE ENTERED CHARACTER IS AN ALPHABET, DIGIT

OR SPECIAL SYMBOL

echo input the character

read c

case $c in

[A-Z]) echo given character $c is an uppercase character

;;

[0-9]) echo given character $c is a digit

;;

[a-z]) echo given character $c is a lowercase character

;;

?) echo given character $c is a special character

;;

*) echo entered more than one character

;;

esac

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PROGRAM-23

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PERFORM LINEAR SEARCH ON AN ARRAY


flag=0

for i in {1..10}

do

read a[$i]

done

echo enter the element you want to search

read n

for i in {1..10}

do

if [ ${a[$i]} == $n ]

then c=$i

flag=1

fi

done

if [ $flag == 0 ]

then echo element not found

else

echo element found at $c position

fi

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OUTPUT:


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

enter the element you want to search

5

element found at 5 position

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i=` expr $l + $h `

mid=` expr $i / 2 `

done

if [ $l -gt $h ]

then echo element not found

fi

OUTPUT:


1

2

3

4

5

6

enter the element you want to search

5

element found at 5 position

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PROGRAM-25

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT WHICH COPIES MULTIPLE FILES IN A DIRECTORY MANUALLY

echo enter the directory name in which you want to copy files

read dirname

m=1

while test $m -ne 0

do

echo enter the filename which you want to copy

read fname

cp $fname $dirname

echo file $fname is copied to $dirname successfully.

echo do you want to enter more: enter 1 for yes and 0 for no

read m

done

OUTPUT:

enter the directory name in which you want to copy files

newdir

enter the filename which you want to copy

p1

file p1 is copied to newdir successfully.

do you want to enter more: enter 1 for yes and 0 for no

0

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PROGRAM-26

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT WHICH COPIES MULTIPLE FILES IN A DIRECTORY

(FOR A PARTICULAR EXTENSION USING FOR LOOP)

echo enter the directory name in which you want to copy the files

read dirname

for i in `ls *.sh`

do

cp $i $dirname

done

echo files copied successfully

OUTPUT:

enter the directory name in which you want to copy the files

dir

files copied successfully

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PROGRAM-28

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO DISPLAY SUBDIRECTORIES IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY

for entry in *

do

if [ -d $entry ]

then echo $entry

fi

done

OUTPUT:

bin

dir

lab

lab45

newdir

public_html

student

sys

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PROGRAM-29

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PERFORM MATRIX ADDITION

echo enter the row and column of matrix

read m

read n

i=1

j=` expr $m \* $n `

echo enter the elements in matrix 1

while [ $i -le $j ]

do

read y[$i]

i=èxpr $i + 1`

done

echo enter the elements in matrix 2

i=1

while [ $i -le $j ]

do

read z[$i]

i=èxpr $i + 1`

done

i=1

while [ $i -le $j ]

do

c[$i]=èxpr ${y[$i]} + ${z[$i]}`

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i=èxpr $i + 1`

done

echo display sum of 2d array

i=1

while [ $i -le $m ]

do

echo " ${c[$i]} "

i=èxpr $i + 1`

done

k=èxpr $m + 1`

while [ $k -le $j ]

do

echo " ${c[$k]} "

k=èxpr $k + 1`

done

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OUTPUT:

enter the row and column of matrix

2

2

enter the elements in the matrix 1

1

2

3

4

enter the elements in matrix 2

1

2

3

4

display sum of 2d array

2

4

6

8

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PROGRAM-30

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO PERFORM ADDITION USING FUNCTION

echo enter the two numbers whose sum you want

read m

read n

input()

{

a=$1

b=$2

}

input $m $n

add()

{ c=0

c=`expr $1 + $2`

return $c

}

add $m $n

ret=$?

display()

{

echo the sum is $1

}

display $ret

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OUTPUT:

enter the two numbers whose sum you want

1

2

the sum is 3

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PROGRAM-31

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO SWAP THE VALUES OF TWO VARIABLES USING A THIRD VARIABLE.

IMPLEMENT IT USING A FUNCTION.

echo enter any two values

read x

read y

swap()

{

temp=0

a=$1

b=$2

echo BEFORE SWAP

echo the value of x is $1

echo the value of y is $2

temp=$a

a=$b

b=$temp

echo AFTER SWAP

echo the value of x is $a

echo the value of y is $b

}

swap $x $y

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OUTPUT:

BEFORE SWAP

the value of x is 21

the value of y is 22

AFTER SWAP

the value of x is 22

the value of y is 21

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PROGRAM-32

WRITE A SHELL SCRIPT TO FIND FACTORIAL OF A FUNCTION USING A RECURSIVE FUNCTION

fact()

{

if [ $1 -gt 1 ]

then

i=`expr $1 - 1`

j=`fact $i`

f=`expr $1 \* $j`

echo $f

else

echo 1

return 1

fi

}

echo input number

read n

fact $n

OUTPUT:

input number

AKSingh@FET-MITS

System Programming Laboratory

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