System of Systems Architecting and Integration ...

System of Systems Architecting and Integration; VisualizingDynamic Behavior and Qualities

by Gerrit Muller TNO-ESI, University of South-Eastern Norway]e-mail: [email protected]

www.gaudisite.nl

Abstract

A major responsibility of architecting and integration is ensuring that desireddynamic behavior and desired qualities emerge from the interaction of compo-nents within the systems, between systems, and between the users andenvironment of the systems. A challenge is that organizational attention tends tobe on the parts structure, which is determining organization, logistics, manufac-turing, and servicing. At the same time, many developers lack the competence tocapture dynamic behavior and the way qualities emerge.

Distribution

This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.

December 31, 2020status: finishedversion: 0

print

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retr

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ED

P/L

RP

actual workover operation

48 hrs

24 48 72 96

hours

dis

asse

mb

ly

preparation 36 hrs finishing 27 hrs

stop productionresume

productiondeferred operation 62 hrs

mo

ve

ab

ove

we

ll

mo

ve

aw

ay fro

m w

ell

RO

V a

ssis

ted

co

nn

ect

assembly,

functional test

run

EDP/LRP

run risers

hook up SFT

and TF

hook up coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

system function

and connection

seal test

run coil tubing

and wireline

retrieve coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

retrieve SFT and

TF

retrieve risers

retrieve

EDP/LRP

perform

workover

operations

move above wellmove away from

well

disassembly

3

2

1

4

5

7

6

unhook coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

12

11

10

9

7

8

ROV assisted

connect

ROV assisted

disconnect

Gz

Gx

Gy

RF

TETR

typical TE:

5..50ms

transmit receive

functional flow

9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

call family doctor

visit family doctor

call neurology department

visit neurologist

call radiology department

examination itself

diagnosis by radiologist

report from radiologist to

neurologist

visit neurologist

19 2011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25

days

alarm mode

pre-alarm mode

operating

event reset

acknowledge

alarm handled

idle

start

Information Transformation Flow

Concrete “Cartoon” Workflow

Timeline of Workflow

Timeline and Functional

Flow

Swimming Lanes

Concurrency and Interaction

Signal Waveforms

State Diagram

Abstract

Workflow

get

sensor

data

transform

into image

get

sensor

data

transform

into image

fuse

sensor

images

detect

objects

classify

objects

update

world

model

get

external

data

analyze

situation

get goal

trajectory

get GPS

data

get v, a

calculate

GPS

location

estimate

location

update

location

world model

determine

next step

location

objects

vessel or

platform

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

ROV

ROV

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

rig

vessel or

platform

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

ROV

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 11 12

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

LRP

9

EDP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

LRP

10

EDP

Information Centric Processing

Diagram

Flow of Light

illuminatorlaser

sensor

pulse-freq, bw,

wavelength, ..uniformity

lens

wafer

reticle

aerial image

NA

abberations

transmission

raw

image

resized

imageenhanced

image

grey-

value

image

view-

port

gfx

text

retrieve enhance inter-polate

lookup merge display

Simplified Systems Engineering V-model

engineering

architecting

and design

life cycle

support

specification

designpartitioning

interfaces

functions

allocation

architectureguidelines

top-level design

rationale

inputsstakeholder needs

business objectives

documentationsystem and parts data

procedures

integration

verification &

validation

feedback

qualificationevidence

artifactsmodels

prototypes

parts

SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior2 Gerrit Muller

version: 0December 31, 2020

MSIINdefinition

From parts to qualities

parts

qualities

dynamic

behavior

interact

results in

prime interest

of organization

prime interest

of customer

prime architecting

and integration

responsibility

functionality



SoSE2019partsDynamicsCharacteristics

Example of a technical budget, overlay (positioning accuracy)

process

overlay

80 nm

reticule

15 nm

matched

machine

60 nm

process

dependency

sensor

5 nm

matching

accuracy

5 nm

single

machine

30 nm

lens

matching

25 nm

global

alignment

accuracy

6 nm

stage

overlay

12 nm

stage grid

accuracy

5 nm

system

adjustment

accuracy

2 nm

stage Al.

pos. meas.

accuracy

4 nm

off axis pos.

meas.

accuracy

4nm

metrology

stability

5 nm

alignment

repro

5 nm

position

accuracy

7 nm

frame

stability

2.5 nm

tracking

error phi

75 nrad

tracking

error X, Y

2.5 nm

interferometer

stability

1 nm

blue align

sensor

repro

3 nm

off axis

Sensor

repro

3 nm

tracking

error WS

2 nm

tracking

error RS

1 nm



ASMLoverlayBudget

Overview of Visualizations of Dynamic Behavior

print

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clean

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prefill

clean wafer

0 100b 200b

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co

iled

tu

bin

g/w

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ho

ok u

p S

FT

an

d T

F

retr

ieve

SF

T a

nd

TF

retr

ieve

ris

ers

retr

ieve

ED

P/L

RP


48 hrs

24 48 72 96

hours

dis

asse

mb

ly




mo

ve

ab

ove

we

ll

mo

ve

aw

ay fro

m w

ell

RO

V a

ssis

ted

co

nn

ect

assembly,

functional test

run

EDP/LRP

run risers

hook up SFT

and TF

hook up coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

system function

and connection

seal test

run coil tubing

and wireline

retrieve coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

retrieve SFT and

TF

retrieve risers

retrieve

EDP/LRP

perform

workover

operations


well

disassembly

3

2

1

4

5

7

6

unhook coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

12

11

10

9

7

8

ROV assisted

connect

ROV assisted

disconnect

Gz

Gx

Gy

RF

TETR

typical TE:

5..50ms

transmit receive

functional flow

9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

call family doctor

visit family doctor

call neurology department

visit neurologist

call radiology department

examination itself

diagnosis by radiologist

report from radiologist to

neurologist

visit neurologist

19 2011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25

days

alarm mode

pre-alarm mode

operating

event reset

acknowledge

alarm handled

idle

start

Information Transformation Flow

Concrete “Cartoon” Workflow

Timeline of Workflow

Timeline and Functional

Flow

Swimming Lanes

Concurrency and Interaction

Signal Waveforms

State Diagram

Abstract

Workflow

get

sensor

data

transform

into image

get

sensor

data

transform

into image

fuse

sensor

images

detect

objects

classify

objects

update

world

model

get

external

data

analyze

situation

get goal

trajectory

get GPS

data

get v, a

calculate

GPS

location

estimate

location

update

location

world model

determine

next step

location

objects

vessel or

platform

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

ROV

ROV

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

rig

vessel or

platform

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

ROV

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 11 12

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

LRP

9

EDP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

LRP

10

EDP

Information Centric Processing

Diagram

Flow of Light

illuminatorlaser

sensor

pulse-freq, bw,

wavelength, ..uniformity

lens

wafer

reticle

aerial image

NA

abberations

transmission

raw

image

resized

imageenhanced

image

grey-

value

image

view-

port

gfx

text

retrieve enhance inter-polate

lookup merge display



VDBoverview

Example Functional Model of Information Flow

get

sensor

data

transform

into image

get

sensor

data

transform

into image

fuse

sensor

images

detect

objects

classify

objects

update

world

model

get

external

data

analyze

situation

get goal

trajectory

get GPS

data

get v, a

calculate

GPS

location

estimate

location

update

location

world model

determine

next step

location

objects



BSEARfunctionalModel

”Cartoon” Workflow

vessel or

platform

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

ROV

ROV

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

rig

vessel or

platform

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

ROV

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 11 12

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

LRP

9

EDP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

LRP

10

EDP



SSMEtypicalWorkoverOperationCartoon

Workflow as Functional Model

rig

vessel or

platform

assembly,

functional test

run

EDP/LRP

run risers

hook up SFT

and TF

hook up coil

tubing and

wireline BOPEDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

wireline

coil tubing BOP

well

head

WOCS

system function

and connection

seal test

run coil tubing

and wireline

retrieve coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

retrieve SFT and

TF

retrieve risers

retrieve

EDP/LRP

perform

workover

operations


well

disassembly

3

2

1

4

5

7

6

unhook coil

tubing and

wireline BOP

12

11

10

9

7

8

ROV assisted

connect

ROV assisted

disconnect



SSMEtypicalWorkoverOperation

Workflow as Timeline

run

ED

P/L

RP

ho

ok u

p c

oile

d tu

bin

g/w

ire

line

fun

ctio

n a

nd

se

al te

st

run

co

iled

tu

bin

g/w

ire

line

asse

mb

ly a

nd

te

st

run

ris

ers

retr

ieve

co

iled

tu

bin

g/w

ire

line

ho

ok u

p S

FT

an

d T

F

retr

ieve S

FT

an

d T

F

retr

ieve

ris

ers

retr

ieve

ED

P/L

RP


48 hrs

24 48 72 96

hours

dis

asse

mb

ly

assumptions:

running and retrieving risers: 50m/hr

running and retrieving coiled tubing/wireline: 100m/hr

depth: 300m




mo

ve

ab

ove

we

ll

mo

ve

aw

ay fro

m w

ell

RO

V a

ssis

ted

co

nn

ect



SSMEtypicalWorkoverOperationTimeline

Swimming Lane Example

print

robot

prealign

clean

master

prefill

clean wafer

0 100b 200b



REPLIcellTimeLineSimplified

Combining physical, dynamic behavior, and qualities

disruption workflow

This A3 based on the work of SEMA participants: Martin Moberga, Tormod Strand

a, Vazgen Karlsen

f, and Damien Wee

f,

and the master project paper by Dag Jostein Kleverf.

aAker Solutions,

f FMC TechnologiesWorkover operation; architecture overview

workover workflowworkover

workflow

disruption

workflow

version 2.2 Gerrit Muller

physical model

vessel or

platform

rig

well

EDP

LRP

riser

conduit for running

tools to well

XT

TF

SFT

wireline

coil tubing BOP

provides well control

well

head

tension frame connects

riser to rig tension system

surface flow tree


emergency disconnect package

provides disconnect function

lower riser package

provides well control functionXmas tree


structural and pressure-

containing interface

WOCS work over control system

monitoring and control

of subsea installation

ROV

ROV

remotely operated vehicle

one for observation

one for operation

0-order workover cost estimate

workover cost per day

platform, rig

equipment

crew

total

assumed cost (MNoK)

2

0.2

0.1

2.3 MNoK/day

deferred operation per day

production delay

ongoing cost operation

total

assumed cost (MNoK)

0.1

0.2

0.3 MNoK/day

disruption timeline

workover timeline

assembly,

functional test

run

EDP/LRP

run risers

hook up SFT and

TF

hook up coil tubing

and wireline BOP

system function

and connection

seal test

run coil tubing and

wireline

move above well

3

2

1

4

6

ROV assisted

connect

retrieve coil tubing

and wireline BOP

retrieve SFT and

TF

retrieve risers

retrieve

EDP/LRP

perform workover

operations

move away from

well

disassembly

unhook coil tubing

and wireline BOP

ROV assisted

disconnect

7

5

7

8

9

10

11

12

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

ROV

ROV

rig

vessel or

platform

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

1 2 3 4 5 6

vessel or

platform

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rig

TF

SFT WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

vessel or

platform

rigTF

SFT

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRPROV

7 8 9 10 11 12

shut down valves

control t&p well

disconnect EDP

reconnect EDP

wait

run wireline

retract wireline

move above well

move away

open valves

control t&p well

7a

7b

7c

wa

it fo

r

reso

lutio

n o

f

dis

rup

tio

n

mo

ve

aw

ay

wo

rko

ve

r

dis

rup

tio

n

reco

nn

ect

co

ntin

ue

wo

rko

ve

r

hours24 48

mo

ve

ab

ove

we

ll

run

ED

P/L

RP

ho

ok u

p c

oile

d tu

bin

g/w

ire

line

fun

ctio

n a

nd

se

al te

st

run

co

iled

tu

bin

g/w

ire

line

asse

mb

ly a

nd

te

st

run

ris

ers

retr

ieve

co

iled

tu

bin

g/w

ire

line

ho

ok u

p S

FT

an

d T

F

retr

ieve

SF

T a

nd

TF

retr

ieve

ris

ers

retr

ieve

ED

P/L

RP


48 hrs

24 48 72 96hours

dis

asse

mb

ly




mo

ve

ab

ove

we

ll

mo

ve

aw

ay fro

m w

ell

RO

V a

ssis

ted

co

nn

ect

assumptions:

running and retrieving risers: 50m/hr

running and retrieving coiled tubing/wireline: 100m/hr

depth: 300m workover duration

transportation

preparation

workover

finishing

total

estimated duration (hours)

24

36

48

27

135 (5.6 days)

production loss

6

48

8

62 (2.6 days)

cost = costworkover/day * tworkover + costdeferred op./day * tdeferred op.

~= 2.3 * 5.6 + 0.3 * 2.6 ~= 14 MNoK / workover

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

ROV

rig

vessel or

platform

WOCS

XT

well

well

head

EDP

LRP

TF

SFT

rig

vessel or

platform

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

rig

EDP

LRP

riser

XT

well

TF

SFT

well

head

WOCS

7 7a 7b 7c

vessel or

platform

workflow as “cartoon”

dynamic behavior

abstract workflow

dynamic behavior

timeline

quantification cost estimate

quantification

physical model

partswhat if …

disruption

relations

via numbers2

relations

via colors



SSMEoverviewA3Labeled

Emergency Disconnect System

State diagram Timeline

Information Flow diagram


version: 0December 31, 2020SVDBexampleECD

Example Cycle Time Power Generators



SVDBexampleCycleTimes

Example Timeline Power Demand

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Ch

ange

in P

ow

er

Ou

tpu

t (M

W/m

in)

Minutes

Required to compensate for solar and wind power variationMaximum limit, fossile power plantMinimum limit, fossile power plant



SVDBpowerTimeline

Conclusions

Our case studies identified common challenges associated with

integrating independent systems:

· Understand the impact on the workflow (how to handle) and the

impact on time and cost with workflow disruptions.

· Compare impact on installation sequence and means for various

concepts.

· Evaluate obstacles in information flow in emergency systems that

interact with human beings.

· Understand technical constraints in existing technologies when

interfacing new technologies.



SVDBconclusions

System of Systems Architecting and Integration ...

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