GOLANHEIGHTS

(Israeli-occupied)

GOLANHEIGHTS

(Israeli-occupied)

I R A Q

I R A N

S Y R I A

T U R K E Y

J O R D A N

S A U D IA R A B I A

KUWAIT

LEBANON

WestBank*

ISRAEL 2 9 11

11167

1 3

2

3

2

4

5

6 6

8

9

9

9

10

10

10

10

12

13

14

15

16

17

RawahRawah

HalabHalab

Al HasakahAl Hasakah

Dayr az ZawrDayr az Zawr

Ar RaqqahAr Raqqah

H o m sH o m s

HamahHamah

IdlibIdlib

Damascus CountrysideDamascus CountrysideDar’aDar’a

AsSuwayda'

AsSuwayda'

LatakiaLatakia

TartusTartus

Al Qunaytirah

Al Qunaytirah

DamascusDamascusA l A n b a rA l A n b a r

NinawaNinawa

Al MuthannaAl Muthanna

An NajafAn Najaf

WasitWasit

ErbilErbil

DiyalaDiyala

MaysanMaysan

Salah ad DinSalah ad Din

Al BasrahAl Basrah

Dhi QarDhi Qar

KirkukKirkuk

BabilBabil

As SulaymaniyahAs Sulaymaniyah

DahukDahuk

Al QadisiyahAl Qadisiyah

Karbala'Karbala'

BaghdadBaghdad

Buhayrat al AsadBuhayrat al Asad

Euphrates

Euphrates

Tigris

Tigris

Buhayrat ath Tharthār

Buhayrat ath Tharthār

Me

di t

er r

an

ea

n

S

ea

BaghdadBaghdad

Al Kuwayt

Beirut

DamascusDamascus

Amman

At Taji

Nawa

Irbil

Zumar

Manbij

SinjarAl Bab

Khusham

SamarraAl-Qa’im Haditha

Dam

Abu Kamal

Mosul Dam

Ar Raqqah

Tall AbyadTall ‘Afar

Al Mayadin

Wadi as Sawab

Hammam al ‘Alil

’Ayn al ‘Arab(Kobane)

Hit

Homs

Hamah

Tabqa

Aarsal

Mosul

Dar’a

Ar Ramadi

Kirkuk

Tikrit

Yabrud

Kassab

Latakia

AlFallujah

Al Hasakah

Dayr az Zawr

AleppoSarmada

Tall Rif‘atTallQarah

DumaDuma

Ash Shaykh MiskinTafas

Jasim

Da‘il

Al Habit

January The first shipment of chemical weapons leaves Syria from Latakia port. The Geneva II peace talks begin in January and end in February with little progress being made.

February Asad regime aerial bombings take place in Aleppo, Damascus, and Dar’a. Infighting intensifies between rival rebel factions in Dayr az Zawr and Al Hasakah governorates.

March Opposition gains control of Kassab and parts of Latakia, but loses control to Syrian military and Hizbollah in June. On 16 March, Hizbollah and regime forces recapture Yabrud.

Fighting intensifies between anti-government ISIL fighters and Iraqi government forces near Al Fallujah and Ar Ramadi.

April Conflict continues in and around Damascus, with regime shelling and opposition retaliation attacks.

May Rebels evacuate Homs under heavy regime shelling. Regime aerial bombings continue in Aleppo, and cities in Dar’a, Damascus Countryside, and Idlib governorates.

June ISIL and Sunni tribal groups overrun Mosul and much of the

governorates of Ninawa, Salah ad Din, and parts of northern Diyala.The UN announces that removal of Syria’s chemical weapons is complete.

July Barrel bomb attacks are reported in Dar’a and Damascus Countryside governorates.

AugustUS and allies begin airstrikes against ISIL targets in Iraq. Syrian opposition armed groups engage Lebanese army around Aarsal. ISIL overruns Tabqa regime airbase in Ar Raqqah governorate. Moderate rebels begin counter- offensive in Hamah.

SeptemberUS and allies begin missile and airstrikes against ISIL targets inside Syria.

October Kurdish Peshmerga ground forces, aided by Coalition airstrikes, begin counter-offensive against ISIL near Kobane.

November Iraqi forces regain some territory from ISIL. ISIL gains control of Ar Ramadi and Hit.

December Fighting intensifies between Asad regime forces and armed opposition groups in Dar’a.

Timeline of 2014 key events

117

1

3

2

4

5

6

8

9

10

13

14

15

16

12

17

JerusalemJerusalem

1949ArmisticeLine

1949ArmisticeLine

1994TreatyLine

1994TreatyLine

*Israeli-occupied with current status subject to Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement; permanent status to be determined through further negotiations.

0 50 100 km

0 50 100 mi

*Estimated extent of geographic areas where a government or non-state armed group is dominant or control is contested, excluding areas of minimal population. These areas are changing and reflect the situation as of:• December 29, 2014 (Iraq) • December 22, 2014 (Syria)

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights documented at least 202,000 Syrians have been killed in the conflict since it began in 2011. The UN reported that over 12,000 Iraqi civilians have been killed in the conflict in 2014.

Areas of influence*

Asad regime

Iraqi SecurityForces (ISF)

Islamic Stateof Iraq and theLevant (ISIL)

Jabhatal-Nusra (JAN)Kurdish-controlledModerateoppositionContested

Internationalboundary

Administrativeboundary

Major focus ofaerial attacks

US/Coalition

Asad regime

Sources: Institute for the Study of War, ReliefWeb, USAID, U.S. Department of State, U.S. CENTCOMNames and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative February 2, 2015 - U1173 STATE (HIU)UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Syria Conflict Without Borders: 2014 in ReviewHUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT

U.S. Department of Statehiu_info@state.govhttp://hiu.state.gov

Conflict situation in 2014

Baghdad

Beirut

Damascus

Amman

Homs

Mosul

Kirkuk

Tikrit

Amerli

Ar RamadiAlFallujah

Mt. Sinjar’Ayn al ‘Arab(Kobane)

Al Qamishli

9 11

7

9

61

4

3

3

3

2

45

6

6

7

8

10

10

Buhayrat al AsadBuhayrat al Asad

Euphrates

Euphrates TigrisTigris

Buhayrat ath Tharthār

Buhayrat ath Tharthār

Me

di t

er r

an

ea

n

S

ea

JerusalemJerusalem

1949 Armistice Line1949 Armistice Line

1994 Treaty Line1994 Treaty Line

*Israeli-occupied with current status subject to Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement; permanent status to be determined through further negotiations.

At the end of 2014, the UN estimated that 12.2 million Syrians inside Syria and 3.8 million Syrian refugees outside the country are in need of humanitarian aid.

International boundary

Road

Border crossing

Refugee and IDP locations

Principal areas of conflict anddisplacement in Syria

Areas with Syrian refugee presence

Camp under construction

Transitional site

Reception center

Syrian IDP tent site

Iraqi IDP tent site

Other site

Palestinian refugee camp

Refugee camp

0 50 100 km

0 50 100 mi

GOLANHEIGHTS(Israeli-occupied)

GOLANHEIGHTS(Israeli-occupied)

I R A Q

I R A N

S Y R I A

T U R K E Y

J O R D A N

S A U D IA R A B I A

KUWAIT

LEBANON

WestBank*

ISRAEL

Timeline of 2014 key events

JanuaryUN estimates 9.3 million in need within Syria and 2.43 million Syrian refugees.

February A temporary ceasefire in Homs allows for the evacuation of over 1,200 people and the entry of humanitarian convoys into the Old City.On Feb. 22, the U.N. Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2139 to increase aid delivery in Syria.

March UN Humanitarian aid is delivered through Al Qamishli crossing from Turkey.In late March, successful negotiations allowed food distribution to 4 million

people located in all 14 governorates.April

IDP tent sites constructed near the Turkish and Jordanian borders. ISIL offensives forced over 500,000 to flee Ar Ramadi and Al Fallujah.

MayJordan places new restrictions on Syrian admission. Mercy Corps closes Damascus operation under Syrian regime pressure.

June ISIL gains in Iraq displace an additional 600,000, mostly from the cities of Mosul, Kirkuk, and Tikrit.

July UN Security Council (UNSC) passes

UNSCR 2165 allowing cross-border aid deliveries. UN humanitarian aid begins through two Turkey border crossings.

August UN begins humanitarian aid convoys through Jordan border crossing.

September Heavy fighting between ISIL and opposition forces displaces over 200,000 from NE Syria into Turkey and Iraq. US and allies began humanitarian airdrops to besieged Yezidi and Turkmen populations at Mount Sinjar and Amerli.

October Kurdish refugees from Kobane move from Turkey into Iraqi Kurdistan.

Sept. - Nov.ISIL releases videos of beheadings of three held aid workers.

DecemberWFP temporarily suspends food aid vouchers to 1.7 million refugees but restarts Dec. 9 after receiving additional funding.UNSC adopts UNSCR 2191 renewing UNSCR 2165 and allowing cross-border aid into Syria.UN estimates 12.2 million inside Syria and 3.8 million refugees in the region are in need of humanitarian aid.

7

1

3

2

4

5

6

8

10

11

9

Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative February 2, 2015 - U1173 STATE (HIU)UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Syria Conflict Without Borders: 2014 in ReviewHUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT

U.S. Department of Statehiu_info@state.govhttp://hiu.state.gov

Humanitarian situation in 2014

Sources: IOM, Iraq CCM Cluster, ReliefWeb, UNHCR, UN OCHA, UNRWA, USAID, U.S. Department of State

2013 20142012

1,146,405 (99%)

12,590 (1%)1,158,995

2013 20142012522,779 (84%)

100,222 (16%)622,865

2013 20142012141,679 (61%)91,946 (39%)233,625

Turkey Lebanon

Jordan Iraq

In 2014, Turkey became the country hosting the largest number of Syrian refugees.

The Government of Lebanon estimates there are 1.5 million Syrians residing in Lebanon, including the 1.17 million Syrian refugees registered or awaiting registration.

Syrian refugees, most of them ethnic Kurds, have moved into camps and in with host families in the predominately Kurdish region of Iraq.

The Government of Jordan estimates there are 1.6 million Syrians in Jordan, including about 622,000 registered Syrian refugees.

2013 20142012

1,655,992

891,630 (54%)

540,441 (33%)

223,921 (13%)

Combines those registered in camps and those awaiting

registration

10,000 refugees Noncamp In camps Awaiting registration Additional registered in Dec. 2014

Number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries

Syrian refugees in Egypt & North Africa(Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia)162,267 refugees (UNHCR, Dec. 31, 2014)

*Government officials of some countries estimate the number of Syrians to be higher than UNHCR figures.

Palestinians from Syria registered with UNRWA:44,000 in Lebanon14,734 in Jordan4,000 in Egypt(UNRWA, Nov. 15, 2014)

Iraqi refugees and IDPs196,290 Iraqi refugees in the region(UNHCR, November 28, 2014)

2,123,340 Iraqi IDPs displaced in 2014 (IOM, Dec. 25, 2014)This figure does not include the 1.1 million IDPs who remain displaced from events in 2006-2008 (UNHCR))

3,800,591 Syrian refugees in the region* as of December 2014

Turkey43%

Lebanon 30%

Jordan17%

Iraq, 6%Egypt &

N. Africa, 4%

Sources: IOM, UNHCR, UNRWANames and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative February 2, 2015 - U1173 STATE (HIU)UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Syria Conflict Without Borders: 2014 in ReviewHUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT

U.S. Department of Statehiu_info@state.govhttp://hiu.state.gov

Regional displacement in 2014