Synthesis in High Temperature Water and Hydrophosphination ...
Transcript of Synthesis in High Temperature Water and Hydrophosphination ...
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Synthesis in High Temperature Water and Hydrophosphination of Carbodiimides with Phosphine Boranes
John Milligan
Research Topic Seminar
Wipf Group Meeting- September 13, 2014
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PART I: SYNTHESIS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER
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Water in organic synthesis
Butler, R. N.; Coyne, A. G. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6302
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Water in organic synthesis
Butler, R. N.; Coyne, A. G. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6302.
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The critical point
http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/phase.html
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Physical properties
Savage, P. J. of Supercritical Fluids 2009, 47, 407-414
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Previous work in SCW
Rebacz, N. A.; Savage, P. E. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 3562.
Leikoski, T. et al. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2005, 9, 629-633, 9.
Kus, S. N. Montash. Chem. 2010, 141, 307-310.
Kawahara, T. et al. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2013, 17, 1485-1491.
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Diels-Alder in SCW
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Proposed Diels-Alder in SCW
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Apparatus
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Temperature (oC )
Yield vs. Temperature
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Retro-Diels-Alder
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Retro-Diels-Alder
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Oxidation
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Biomimetic Cyclizations
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Epoxide Rearrangement
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Conclusion
• Stable starting materials can be converted to stable products using the stainless steel tube
• Retro-Diels-Alder reactions of stable substrates work well
• Rearrangement of epoxides can be conducted
• Labile functionality is not well tolerated
• Apparatus material is important in expanding this work to more complex molecules
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PART II: HYDROPHOSPHINATION OF CARBODIIMIDES WITH PHOSPHINE BORANES
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Hydrophosphination
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Carbodiimide Hydrophosphination
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Substoichiometric base
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Substoichiometric base
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Phosphine Boranes
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Phosphine Boranes
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Hydrophosphinations
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Neat hydrophosphinations
Gaumont, A.-C. et al: Synlett 2005, No. 12, 1881-1884. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 7016-7022. Chem. Commun. 2006, 3249-3251. Synthesis 2008, No. 19, 3121-3125.
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BIPI ligands
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BIPI Ligands
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Hydrophosphination Discovery
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Hydrophosphination Discovery
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Alkyne Hydrophosphination
Busacca, C. A. et al. Org. Lett. 2009, 11 (24), 5594-5597.
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Busacca’s hydrophosphination
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Busacca’s hydrophosphination
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Preliminary results
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• Only one phosphaguanidine borane prior to this work:
Mansfield, N. E.; Grundy, J.; Coles, M. P.; Avent, A. G.; Hitchcock, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 13879-13893
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Nomenclature System
Mansfield, N. E.; Grundy, J.; Coles, M. P.; Avent, A. G.; Hitchcock, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 13879-13893
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Comparison
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Carbodiimide preparation
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Results
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Phosphinite Borane
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Deprotections
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Air-stable HBF4 salts
Netherton, M. R.; Fu, G. C. Org. Lett. 2001, 3 (26), 4295-4298
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Product
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Divergent result
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Guanidinium Salts
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Feasible Oxidation?
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Oxidation Studies
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Catalytic applications
E. Rattanangkool
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A Thiourea mimic?
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Attempted asymmetric propargylation
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New strategy
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Metathesis approach
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Cyclic carbodiimides
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Cyclic carbodiimide
• Inexpensive materials
• One column chromatography
• >1 g prepared 62
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In situ CO2
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Conformation
• Equilibrating axially chiral enantiomers
• C-N=C=N-C dihedral angle: 68o
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Hydrophosphination
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Deprotection
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An improved carbodiimide?
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Successful tethers
Molina, P. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4289-4299. 73
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Glycol-based tether
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A chiral constraint?
Molina, P. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4289-4299.
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A chiral constraint?
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Chiral acetal
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Chiral acetal
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Alternative: A chiral methyl
Molina, P. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4289-4299.
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A chiral methyl
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A chiral methyl
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Alternate approach
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Isolated by Molina
Isolated as dimer in low yield by JAM
Isolated as dimer in low yield by Molina
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Isolated by Molina
Isolated as dimer in low yield by JAM
Isolated as dimer in low yield by Molina
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An alterative cyclic system?
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Toward Bidentate phosphines
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Tethering
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Side Chain Modification
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Conclusion
• The scope of Busacca’s hydrophosphination was further explored
• The reaction is tolerant of a variety of carbodiimides
• Aryl phosphine boranes are not as effective as alkyl derivatives
• Acidic deboronations of phosphaguanidine boranes afford guanidinium borane salts, not deboronated products
• A cyclic carbodiimide was prepared, and underwent facile hydrophosphination with this method
• Modifications of the cyclic core have proven difficult to date
• Future directions include developing catalytic systems, preparing chiral phosphaguanidines, and crystallizing transition metal complexes
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. Wipf
• Wipf group past and present
• Eakkaphon “Onie” Rattanangkool
• Dr. Steve Geib
• Dr. Bhaskar Godugu
• A&S Graduate Fellowship
• Dr. Carl Busacca
• Dr. Chris Senanayake
• Cyrus Ramavarapu
• Others
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