Syllogism

SyllogismSil-oh-ji-sm

All the keys are locks

No lock is key

Some books are papers

Some rats are not cats

AEIO

Syllogism- deepak Sir@9478881931

All keys are locks

No lock is key

PREDICATESUBJECT


A + A A

A + E E

I + A I

I + E O

E + A O –ve

E + I O –ve

STATEMENT 1 STATEMENT 2 CONCLUSION


Some green are hats

All hats are small Ok

All Sharp are knives

No forks are Sharp Interchange

All trees are tall All poles are Tall

All trees are small No trees are Tall

CONVERSION And IMMEDIATE INFERENCESyllogism- deepak Sir@9478881931

How To Derive Conclusion from A Single Statement ?

Statement Immediate inference(Im) Conversion(C)

A I I

E O E

I X I

O X X


Statement (A)

All red are carpets

Conclusions:

Some red are carpets (Im)

Some carpets are red ( C)


Statement (E)

No Sky is blue

Conclusions:

Some Sky are not blue (Im)

No blue is Sky ( C)


Statement (I)

Some green are oceans

Conclusions:

X (Im)

Some oceans are green( C)


Statements –

Some students are smart

All Smart are hardworking

Conclusions

(i) Some students are hardworking.

(ii) Some Smart are hardworking.


Statements

(I) Some students are smart

(A) All Smart are hardworking

I + A = I


A + A A

A + E E

I + A I

I + E O

E + A O Reverse

E + I O Reverse

STATEMENT 1 STATEMENT 2 CONCLUSION


CHART 1

Some students are Smart

All Smart are hardworking

Some students are hardworking


CHART 2Required to derive Conclusion from A Single

Statement ?

Statement Immediate Conversion(C)

inference(Im)

A I I

E O E

I no conclusion I

O no conclusion no conclusion


CONCLUDED STATEMENT:

Some students are hardworking

Some hardworking are students (C)

Conclusion from Single Statement:

Some Smart are students

Some smart are hardworking (Im)

Some hardworking are smart (C)


Statements : All windows are doors.

No door is wall.

Conclusions : I. No window is wall

II. No wall is door.


All windows are doors. (A)No door is wall. (E)

No Window is WallSome windows are not wallsNo wall is windowSome windows are doorsSome doors are windowsSome doors are not wallsNo wall is door


When to INTERCHANGEGiven :

Now we need to change A+I is not a valid case and as we know after interchange the the case becomes I+A and subject-predicate combination will also be in valid form i.e P(1)=S(2). So possible conclusion can we derived as of the case given after interchange.

All currents are DC (A)

Some AC are Currents (I)

Case is A+I and it’s a Invalid case looking into charts

Now we need to INTERCHANGE and the statement become

Some AC are Currents (I)

All currents are DC (A)

Now it becomes I+A thus conclusion of relation is possible:=

Some AC are CurrentsAll currents are DC

Possible conclusions:

Some AC are DC

Some currents are AC

Some currents are DC

Some DC are Currents

Some DC are AC

If these are in options in question paper then mark them as answers.

When NOT to INTERCHANGEGiven :

Now we need to change A+I is not a valid case and as we know after interchange the the case becomes I+A and BUT in this case subject-predicate combination will also be invalid form i.e P(1) not equals S(2). So possible conclusion cannot be using the two statements . Here we have to derive conclusion from single statement in chart 2.

All DC are current (A)

Some current are AC (I)

Case is A+I and it’s a Invalid case looking into chart 1,

Now if we INTERCHANGE, the statement become

Some current are AC (I)

All DC are current (A)

Now it becomes I+A thus but predicate(1) not equal to Sub(2) .

So conclusion will be derived from give conclusion individually.

Some current are AC (I)All DC are current (A)

Possible conclusions:

Some AC are current

Some DC are currentIf these are in options in question paper then

mark them as answers.

O REVERSE CASE

E+A=O reverse

E+I = O reverseSyllogism- deepak Sir@9478881931

E+A= O reverse

No man is wise (E)

All wise are helpful (A)

Some helpful are not men (only conclusion)


E+I= O reverse

No man is wise (E)

Some wise are helpful (I)

Some helpful are not men (only conclusion)


For further queries contact me @

98765-95888or e-mail

[email protected]


Syllogism

Documents

Transcript of Syllogism