Mahatma Education Society’s

Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science

(Autonomous) Affiliated to University of Mumbai

New Panvel

Syllabus for F. Y. B.Sc. Semester II

Program: B.Sc. Biotechnology

(Semester based Credit and Grading system for the

academic year 2019-20)

1

F. Y. B.Sc Biotechnology

Semester II Course Code Course

Type Course Title Theory/

Practical Marks Credits Lectures/

Week

PUSBT201 Core Chemistry I Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT202 Core Chemistry II Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT203 Core Life Science I Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT204 Core Life Science II Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT205 Core Biotechnology I Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT206 Core Biotechnology II Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT207 Core Foundation Course II Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT208P Core Practical ( PUSBT201 + PUSBT202) Practical 100 2 6

PUSBT209P Core Practical ( PUSBT203 + PUSBT204) Practical 100 2 6

PUSBT120P Core Practical ( PUSBT205 + PUSBT206) Practical 100 2 6

Total 1000 20 39

2

Theory

3

BOS Biotechnology

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Chemistry-1 (Bioorganic Chemistry)

Subject Code PUSBT201

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. To acquaint students with bioorganic molecules.

2. Functions of bioorganic molecules.

3. Methods for detection of bioorganic molecules.

Unit

No.

Name of Unit Topic

No.

Name of Topic Number of

Lectures

I Biomolecules:

Carbohydrates

and Lipids

1.1 Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, Classification, Characteristic Reactions,

Physical and Chemical Properties, D & L Glyceraldehydes, structure of

Monosaccharide, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides. Isomers of

Monosaccharides, Chemical/Physical Properties of Carbohydrate, Chemical

Reactions for Detection of Mono., Di and Polysaccharides.

15

1.2 Lipids:Classification of Lipids, Properties of

Saturated, Unsaturated Fatty Acids,

Rancidity, and Hydrogenation of Oils

Structure and function of Triacylglycerol and

Phospholipids-: Lecithin, Cephalin,

Plasmalogen.

1.3 Sterols: Cholesterol: Structure and Function ,

Lipoproteins: Structure and Function, Storage

Lipids, Structural Lipids, Action of

Phospholipases, Steroids

II Biomolecules:

Proteins and

Amino Acids

2.1 Classification, Preparation and

Properties of amino acids, Isoelectric Point,

Peptide synthesis

Titration Curve of Amino Acids.

Concept of Isoelectric pH, Zwitter ion.

Structure of Peptides.

Reactions of Amino

Acids, Sorenson’s Titration, Ninhydrin Test.

15

4

Expected outcomes:

1. To impart the knowledge of Classification, Structure and Characterization of

bioinorganic molecules.

Reference Books:

1. Biochemistry – 4th Edition by U. Satyanarayan and U. Chakrapani (Elsevier).

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry – Revised Edition by J. L. Jain, Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain

(S. Chand).

3. Biochemistry – 3rd Edition by U. Satyanarayan and U. Chakrapani (Elsevier).

4. Principles of Biochemistry – 4th Edition by David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox.

5. Harper`s Illustrated Biochemistry – 31st Edition – Rodwell.

2.2 Proteins: Classification based on

Structure and Functions, Primary

Structure, N-terminal (Sanger and

Edmans Method) and C-terminal

Analysis (Enzyme),

Denaturation and renaturation of protein

III Biomolecules:

Nucleic Acids

3.1 Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function of

Nucleic Acids, Properties and Types of

DNA – A, B and Z, RNA – mRNA, tRNA,

rRNA.

15

3.2 Structure of Purine and

Pyrimidine Bases, Hydrogen Bonding

between Nitrogenous Bases.

Catalytic RNA – miRNA and siRNA

TOTAL LECTURES 45

5

BOS Biotechnology

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Chemistry-II (Physical Chemistry)

Subject Code PUSBT202

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. To acquaint students with concepts in Thermodynamics and Kinetic reactions.

2. To provide an overview of redox reactions.

Unit

No.

Name of Unit Topic

No.

Name of Topic Number

of

Lectures

I Thermodynamics 1.1 Thermodynamics: System, Surrounding,

Boundaries Sign Conventions, State Functions,

Internal Energy and Enthalpy: Significance,

examples, (Numericals expected).

15

1.2 Laws of Thermodynamics and its Limitations,

Mathematical expression. Qualitative discussion

of Carnot Cycle for ideal Gas and Mechanical

Efficiency. Laws of Thermodynamics as applied

to Biochemical Systems.

1.3 Concept of Entropy, Entropy for Isobaric,

Isochoric and Isothermal Processes.

II Chemical

Kinetics

2.1 Reaction Kinetics: Rate of Reaction, Rate

Constant, Measurement of Reaction Rates Order

& Molecularity of Reaction.

15

2.2 Integrated Rate Equation of First, Second and

Zero order reactions (with equal initial

concentration of reactants). (Numericals

expected).

2.3 Determination of Order of Reaction by a)

Integration Method b) Graphical Method c)

Ostwald‘s Isolation Method d) Half Time Method.

(Numericals expected).

III Oxidation

Reduction

reactions

3.1 Principals of Oxidation & Reduction Reactions–

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents, Oxidation

Number,

Rules to assign Oxidation Numbers with

examples Ions like Oxalate, Permanganate and Dichromate. Balancing Redox Reactions by Ion

Electron Method

15

3.2 Oxidation, Reduction, Addition and

Substitution & Elimination Reactions

6

Applications of Redox Reactions

(Electrochemical process, industrial metallurgy,

energy storage, electron transfer process, cellular respiration).

TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Understand kinetics and thermodynamic systems.

2. Students would be able to do enthalpy calculations as well as balance and use of redox

reactions.

Reference Books:

1. Principal of physical chemistry by Puri Sharma Pathania.

2. The Laws of Thermodynamics: A Very Short Introduction (Paperback) by. Peter Atkins.

7

BOS Biotechnology

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Life Science-I: Physiology and Ecology

Subject Code PUSBT203

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. To develop skills and impart knowledge regarding basics of Plant physiology, Animal

physiology and Ecosystem.

2. To acquaint students with Physiological process in plants and animals

Unit

No.

Name of Unit Topic

No.

Name of Topic Number

of

Lectures

I Plant

Physiology

1.1 Photosynthesis, Intracellular Organization of

Photosynthetic System. Photosynthetic Pigments,

Role of Light. Hill Reaction and its Significance,

Photorespiration.

15

1.2 Fundamental Reactions of Photosynthesis: Light

Reactions, Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Photo induced

Electron Flow, Dark Phase of Photosynthesis,

Calvin Cycle, C-3, C-4 pathways.

1.3 Plant hormones - Auxin, Gibbrellins, Cytokinins,

Ethylene, Abscissic acid. Introduction to

Secondary Metabolites, Applications of

Secondary Metabolites: Pharmaceutical industry,

Food industry, Agriculture

II Animal

Physiology

2.1 Physiology of Digestion: Movement of Food and

Absorption, Secretary functions of Alimentary

Canal, Digestion and Absorption, assimilation in

Gut of Mammals.

Anatomy of Mammalian Kidney, Structure of

Nephron, Physiology of Urine Formation.

15

2.2 Physiology of Respiration: Mechanism of

Respiration, Principles of Gaseous Exchange in

the Blood and Body Fluids.

Regulation of the Circulation

Mechanism: working of Heart in Human

2.3 Blood and Circulation : Blood Composition,

Structure and Function of its Constituents

Blood Coagulation Pathway and Anti-

Coagulants.

8

Hemoglobin and its Polymorphism

III Ecosystem and

Interaction

3.1 Ecology and Biogeography: Ecosystems,

Definition and Components, Structure and

Function of Ecosystems. Aquatic and Terrestrial

Ecosystems, Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Trophic

Levels.

15

3.2 Food chain, food web, Ecological pyramid

Nutrient and Biogeochemical Cycles:

Water, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and

Sulphur.

3.3 Interactions, Commensalism, Mutualism,

Predation and Antibiosis,

Parasitism.

TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes:

1. Enhance the student’s basics of Plant and human physiology.

2. Impart the knowledge of Ecosystem and its interactions

Reference Books:

1. Plant Physiology by V.Verma

2. Human Physiology – Guyton- International edition

3. Human Anatomy - Marieb

4. Ecology – P.S. Verma and Agarwaal- S. Chand Publications.

5. Plant tissue culture by K.G.Ramavat.

9

BOS Biotechnology

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Life Science-II (Genetics)

Subject Code PUSBT204

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. To understand the its concepts of heredity, an overview of bacterial gene transfer and its

application in gene mapping and the role of population genetics

Unit

No.

Name of Unit Topic No. Name of Topic Number of

Lectures

I Fundamentals of

Genetics

1.1 Mendel’s Laws of Heredity:

Genotype and Phenotype.

Monohybrid Cross-Principle of Dominance

and Segregation.

Dihybrid Cross-Principle of Independent

assortment.

Punnett Square.

Mendel’s Principle in Human Genetics and

applications

15

1.2 Extensions to Mendelian Genetics: Multiple

Alleles, Incomplete Dominance and Co-

dominance.

1.3 Variations among the effect of the Mutation.

Environmental effect on the Expression of

the Human Genes.

1.4 Gene Interaction:Epistasis.

II Microbial

Genetics

2.1 Genetic analysis in Bacteria-

Prototrophs, Auxotrophs.

15

2.2 Bacteriophages, Lytic and

Lysogenic Development of Phage,

2.3 Mechanism of Genetic Exchange in Bacteria:

Conjugation, Transformation,

Transduction- Generalized Transduction

and Specialized Transduction,

Introduction to gene mapping in bacteria,

Gene mapping using conjugation

2.4 Bacterial Transposable Elements.

III Population

Genetics

3.1 Genetic Structure of Populations –

Genotypic Frequencies and Allelic

Frequencies,

15

10

3.2 Hardy- Weinberg Law and its assumptions,

Factors affecting Hardy- Weinberg Law

3.3 Natural Selection. Genetic Drift Speciation,

Role of population genetics in conservation

biology

TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes:By the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Elicit a comprehensive family medical history and construct a pedigree

2. Understand the similarities and differences between how genetic information is passed on

in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

3. Gain insights on population genetics.

Reference Books:

1. Essential iGenetics- Peter Russell -Pearson Education

2. Microbial Genetics- Freifelder –Narosa Publishing House

3. Genes XI, 11th edition (2012), Benjamin Lewin, Publisher - Jones and Barlett Inc. USA

4. Molecular Biology of the Gene, 6th Edition (2008), James D. Watson, Pearson

Education, Inc. and Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc. USA

5. Molecular Biology, 5th Edition (2011), Weaver R., McGraw Hill Science. USA

6. Fundamentals of Molecular Biology, (2009), Pal J.K. and SarojGhaskadbi, Oxford

University Press.

7. Molecular Biology: genes to proteins, 4th edition (2011), Burton E Tropp Jones& Bartlett

Learning, USA

11

BOS Biotechnology

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Biotechnology – I: Tissue Culture &Scientific Writing and

Communication Skills

Subject Code PUSBT205

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. To acquaint students with Techniques of Plant and Animal Tissue Culture.

2. Recognise different styles of communication and to develop Research Aptitude, Logical

Thinking and Reasoning

Unit

No.

Name of Unit Topic

No.

Name of Topic Number

of

Lectures

I Plant Tissue

Culture

1.1 Cell Theory,

Concept of Cell Culture,

Cellular Totipotency,

Organization of Plant Tissue Culture

Laboratory

Equipments and Instruments

15

1.2 Aseptic Techniques: Washing of Glassware,

Media Sterilization, Aseptic Workstation,

Precautions to maintain Aseptic Conditions.

Culture Medium: Nutritional requirements of

the explants, PGR‘s and their in-vitro roles,

Media Preparation

1.3 Callus Culture Technique: Introduction,

Principle and Protocols

Cell Suspension Cultures: Introduction,

Principle and Protocols

II Animal Tissue

Culture

2.1 Basics of Animal Tissue Culture: Introduction

Cell Culture Techniques,

Equipment and Sterilization Methodology

15

2.2 Introduction to Animal Cell Cultures:

Nutritional and Physiological: Physicochemical

Properties, Balanced Salt solutions, Complete

media, Serum, other supplements.

Serum free Media: Disadvantages of serum,

Advantages of Serum-Free Media,

Replacement of Serum.

2.3 Primary Cell Cultures: Establishment and

Maintenance of Primary Cell Cultures of

12

Adherent and Non-Adherent Cell Lines with

examples.

Application of Cell Cultures

III Scientific

Writing and

Communication

Skills

3.1 Communication Skills:

Introduction to Communication -- Elements,

Definitions, Scope of Communication and

Communication as part of Science

Communication Elements --Verbal and Non-

Verbal Communications. Principles of

Effective Communication

15

3.2 Oral Presentations, Scientific Reading,

Writing & Presentation

Scientific Writing: Process of Scientific

Writing: Thinking, Planning, Rough Drafts and

Revising Contents.

3.3 Introduction to Scientific Reports and

Writings Compilation of Experimental Data,

Communication Methods in Science,

Examples of Scientific and Unscientific

Writing.

Writing Papers, Reviews, Bibliography

Plagiarism--Introduction to Plagiarism ,

Examples of Plagiarism.

TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes:

1. To impart the skills of PTC, ATC and Science Communication

2. Understand basic principles of Scientific writing and compiling a research

Reference Books:

1. Culture of Animal cells- Ian Freshney -- John Wiley & Sons 37.

2. Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue culture- Sudha Gangal - University Press

3. Plant Biotechnology- K. G. Ramavat S.Chand Publications.

4. Experiments in Plant tissue culture- Dodds and Roberts- Cambridge Univ.

5. Plant Tissue Culture- Kalyan Kumar De.

6. Bussiness Communication- Dr. Susmitha Dey.

7. Scientific Writing Easy: when you know how- Jennifer Peat

13

BOS Biotechnology

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Biotechnology –II: Enzymology, Immunology and Biostatistics

Subject Code PUSBT206

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. To provide understanding of basic concepts related to enzymology.

2. To give an overview of immune system.

3. To introduce basics of biostatistics to students.

Unit

No.

Name of

Unit

Topic

No.

Name of Topic Number

of

Lectures

I Enzymes 1.1 Definition, Classification, Nomenclature,

Chemical Nature, Properties of Enzymes,

Active Sites

15

1.2 Effect of pH, Temperature, Substrate

Concentration on Enzyme Activity,

Enzyme Kinetics, Michelis-Menten Equation,

1.3 Mechanism of Enzyme Action, Enzyme

Specificity, Units of Enzyme activity

1.4 Types of Enzyme Inhibitions-Competitive,

Uncompetitive, Non-Competitive,

Allosteric Modulators

1.5 Co-Factors, Zymogens, Isoenzymes,

Immobilized enzymes

II Immunology 2.1 Overview of Immune Systems, Cell and

Organs involved T and B cells.

Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Local

and Herd Immunity, Humoral and Cellular

Immunity - Factors Influencing and

Mechanisms of each.

15

2.2 Antigens and Antibodies: Types of Antigens,

General Properties of Antigens, Haptens and

Discovery and Structure of Antibodies.

(Framework region) Classes of

Immunoglobulins, Antigenic Determinants.

Monoclonal Antibodies,

2.3 Vaccines (Live, Killed) and Toxoid. Problems

with Traditional Vaccines, Impact of

Biotechnology on Vaccine Development.

2.4 Introduction to cytokines

14

III Biostatistics 3.1 Definition and Importance of Statistics in

Biology

15

3.2 Types of Data, Normal and Frequency

Distribution

3.3 Representation of Data and Graphs (Bar

Diagrams, Pie Charts and Histogram, Polygon

and Curve)

3.4 Types of Population Sampling

3.5 Measures of Central Tendency (For Raw,

Ungroup & Group Data)

Mean, Median, Mode

3.6 Measures of Dispersion

Range, Variance, Coefficient of Variance.

Standard Derivation, Standard Error

TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes:

1. Develop knowledge of Elementary Statistics

2. Gain knowledge regarding types and organs of immune system, types of antigens and

antibodies.

3. Understand structure, properties, functions and factors affecting enzymes.

Reference Books:

1. Kuby Immunology – 6th Edition by Kindt, Goldsby, Osborne

2. Immunology A Textbook – C. V. Rao (Alpha Science)

3. Biochemistry – U. Satyanarayana

4. Outlines Of Biochemistry, 5th Edition - Erice Conn, Paul Stumpf

5. Introductory Biostatistics. 1st edition. (2003), Chap T. Le. John Wiley, USA

6. Methods in Biostatistics- B. K. Mahajan –Jaypee Brothers

7. Biostatistics – Veer BalaRastogi

15

BOS Business Economics

Class F. Y. B. Sc

Semester II

Subject Name Foundation Course-I

Subject Code PUSBT207

Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:

1. Encourage students to acquire more knowledge about the global scenario

2. Make the students aware of the ill effects of stress and conflict

3. Inculcate stress management for better quality of life

Unit

No.

Name of Unit Topic

No.

Name of Topic Number

of

Lectures

I Globalisation and

Indian society

and Human

Rights

1.1 Understanding the concepts of

liberalization, privatization and

globalization.

Growth of information technology and

communication and its impact manifested in

everyday life;

Impact of globalization on industry: changes

in employment and increasing migration:

Changes in agrarian sector due to

globalisation: rise in corporate farming and

increase in farmers suicides

15

1.2 Human Rights

Concept of Human Rights: origin and

evolution of the concept The universal

Declaration of Human Rights;

Human Rights constituents with special

Reference to Fundamental Rights stated in

the Constitution,

Role of United Nations in protection of

Human Rights.

1.3 Human Right violations, types of violations

Protection against violations

1.4 Gender Sensitisation,

Human values

II Ecology and

Sustainable

Development

2.1 Importance of Environmental Studies in

current developmental context;

Understanding Concepts of Environment,

15

16

ecology, and their interconnectedness;

Ecological stability

Environment as natural capital and

connection to quality of human life

2.2 Environmental Degradation –Causes and

Impact on Human Life;

Sustainable development-Concept and

components, poverty and environment

Innovations for Sustainable development

III Understanding

and Managing

Stress and

Conflict in

Contemporary

Society

3.1 Understanding Stress and Conflict

Causes of stress and conflict in

individuals and society;

Agents of socialization and the role

played by them in developing the

individual;

Significance of values, ethics and

prejudices in developing the

individual;

Stereotyping and Prejudice as

significant factors in causing

conflicts in society.

Aggression and violence as a public

expression of conflict.

15

3.2 Managing Stress and Conflict in

Contemporary Society

Types of conflicts and use of coping

mechanisms for managing individual

stress;

Maslows theory of self-actualisation;

Different methods of responding to

conflicts in society;

Conflict-resolution and efforts

towards building peace and harmony

in society.

TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Become more peaceful and calm in nature

2. Become aware of the current scenarios in life and be ready to face them

3. Become a multitasker and effective administrator.

17

Reference Books:

1. Michael Vaz, Madhu Nair, Meeta Seta, Skill Enhancement Course (SEC), Foundation

Course Semester-II, Published By: Manan Praskashan

2. Maiese, Michelle. "Human Rights Violations." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess

and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder.

18

PRACTICALS

19

Course code Title Credits

PUSBT208P

Practical

( PUSBT201 +

PUSBT202)

1. Spot test for Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins and Amino

Acids and Nucleic Acids

2. Standardization of Colorimeter and Estimation of Reducing

sugar by DNSA method

3. Estimation of Protein by Biuret method and Lowry method

4. Saponification of Fats, Saponification Value of Oil or Fat,

Iodine value of Oiland determine the rate constant for the

saponification reaction between ethyl acetate and NaOH by

back titration method

5. To determine enthalpy of dissolution of salt like KNO3

6. Determine the rate constant for hydrolysis of ester using

HCl as a catalyst

7. Study the kinetics of reaction between Thiosulphate ion and

HCl

8. Study reaction between potassium Persulphate and

Potassium Iodide kinetically and hence to determine order of

reaction

9. Study the reaction between NaHSO3 and KMnO4 and

balancing the reaction in acidic, alkaline and neutral medium

10. Study transfer of electrons (Titration of sodium

thiosulphate with potassium dichromate)

11. Determination of the volume strength of hydrogen

peroxide solution by titration with standardised potassium

permagnate solution

12. Determination of amount of K oxalate and oxalic acid in

the given solution Titrimetrcially

2

PUSBT209P

Practical

( PUSBT203 +

PUSBT204)

1. Study of Hill‘s reaction

2. Colorimetric study of Absorption Spectrum of

Photosynthetic Pigments

3. Movemnt of Food in Paramoecium

4. Activity of Salivary Amylase on Starch

5. Analysis of Urine

6. Study of Mammalian Blood, Blood count using

Haemocytometer and estimation of Haemoglobin in

Mammalian Blood

7. Study of Human Blood Groups

8. Study of Mammalian Kidney and Heart

9. Problems in Mandelian Genetics

10. Study of Mitosis and Meiosis

11. Study of Karyotypes – Normal Male and Normal Female

12. Study of Interactions Commensalism, Mutualism,

Predation and Antibiosis, Parasitism.

2

20

PUSBT210P

Practical

( PUSBT205 +

PUSBT206)

1. Working and use of various Instruments used in

Biotechnology Laboratory (Autoclave, Hot air Oven,

Centrifuge, Incubator, Rotary Shaker, Filter Assembly, LAF,

pH meter and Colorimeter)

2. Laboratory Organization and Layout for Plant and Animal

Tissue Culture Laboratory

3. Preparation of Stock Solutions and Preparation of Media for

PTC

4. Aseptic Transfer Technique, Surface Sterilization and

Innoculation for Callus Culture

5. Media Preparation and Sterilization (ATC)

6. Trypsinization of Tissue and Viability Count

7. Qualitative Assay of Enzyme Amylase. Lipase, Protease,

Urease, Catalase and Dehydrogenease

8. Enzyme Kinetics : Study of the effect of pH, Temperature

on activity of Enzyme

9. Study of Effect of Substrate Concentration on enzyme

activity and determination of Vmax and Km

10. Study of antigen antibody interaction by Ouchterlony

method

11. Biometric Analysis for Mean, Median, Mode and Standard

Deviation and Data representation using frequency Polygon,

Histogram and Pie Diagram

2