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Syllabus and Course Break up

1st Professional Year, B.V.Sc. & A.H.

(As per M.S.V.E. 2016)

College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,

Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,

Bhubaneswar - Odisha

1

SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY (2+1)

1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH

2

THEORY SYLLABUS

UNIT-1 (General Veterinary Biochemistry)

Scope and Importance of Biochemistry. Structure of Biological Membranes and Transport across Membranes.

Donnan Membrane Equilibrium. Dissociation of Acids, pH, Buffer Systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation.

Biochemistry of Carbohydrates: Biological Significance of Important Monosaccharides (Ribose, Glucose, Fructose,

Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars), Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose, Sucrose and Cellobiose),

Polysaccharides, (Starch, Dextrins, Dextrans, Glycogen, Cellulose, Inulin, Chitin), and Mucopolysaccharides

Including Bacterial Cell Wall Polysaccharides. Biochemistry of lipids: Properties and biological significance of simple,

compound and derived lipids and lipoproteins. Fat indices. Structure and functions of prostaglandins. Biochemistry of

proteins: Classification, Structure, Properties - Biological significance of proteins. Amino acids: Structure and

classification. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids - amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide bond

formation. Biochemistry of nucleic acids: Chemistry of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides. Biological

significance of nucleosides and nucleotides. Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a typical

ribonucleic acid (RNA).

UNIT-2 (Intermediary Metabolism)

Enzymes: Definition and classification. Coenzymes, cofactors and iso-enzymes. Properties: Protein nature,

enzymesubstrate complex formation, modern concept of the active center of enzyme. Specificity of enzyme action:

Substrate specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity. Factors influencing enzyme action: Effects of

temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme. Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number

and specific activity.Enzyme inhibition: Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive inhibition and suicidal inhibition.

Allosteric enzymes. Biological oxidation: Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction. Respiratory

chain or electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing

electron transport chain. Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, HMP shunt, gluconeogenesis, Cori

cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism. Lipid metabolism: Beta oxidation of

fatty acids, ketone body formation, biosynthesis of fatty acids. Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism. Protein metabolism:

Biosynthesis and Degradation. Deamination, transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids. Ammonia transport

and urea cycle. Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines. DNA and RNA biosynthesis and

regulation. Regulation and Integration of metabolism.

UNIT- 3 (Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry)

Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis, Pregnancy toxemia,

hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs. Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation

of blood sugar. Biochemical tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism. Plasma Proteins and

clinical significance, Proteins and Dysproteinemias,. Acute Phase proteins. Lipid Profile in disease diagnosis. Clinical

Enzymology - Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes, Liver function tests -

Classification - Biochemical tests for differential diagnosis. Biochemical tests of renal function - Urine analysis - Role

of BUN, Uric acid and Creatinine in diagnosis. Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis. Biochemistry of

digestive disorders. Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock. Biochemical basis of fluid therapy. Detoxification in

the body: Metabolism of xenobiotics, General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of substances,

Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes.

3

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

UNIT-1 (General Veterinary Biochemistry)

Concentration of solutions and system International (S.I.) Units; Preparationor standardization of acids and

alkalies; Preparation of Buffers; Titration curve of acid versus base; Qualitative test for carbohydrates and

identification of unknown carbohydrates; Determination of acid number of an oil; Color and precipitation reactions of

proteins; Estimation of amino acids (Sorensen’s Method).

UNIT-2 (Intermediary Metabolism)

Effect of temperature and pH on enzyme activity; Estimation of blood or plasma Glucose, Protein, Inorganic

phosphate, Calcium, Magnesium; Estimation of ascorbic acid by Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) method;

Estimation of milk lactose by Benedicts quantative method; Estimation of sodium and potassium by flame

photometer; Paper or thin later Chromatography of amino acids; Estimation of vitamin A by colorimetry.

UNIT-3 (Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry)

Detection of Pathological Constituents in Urine; Assays of ALT and AST in Serum; Acute phase proteins (AorG

Ratio); Estimation of total serum cholesterol, Blood Urea Nitrogen, creatinine, serum billirubin (Direct, Indirect and

Total). Principles of various diagnostic tests, normal and abnormal values in different species, differential diagnosis,

correlating with diseases and rationale of arriving at the conclusion need to be rediscussed in detail during Final

Profesional in the course VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICES-II, Diagnostic Laboratory Section.

4

COURSE BREAK UP- THEORY

UNIT-I: General Veterinary Biochemistry

1 Scope and importance of biochemistry

2 Structure of biological membranes and membrane transport. Donnan’s membrane

equilibrium.

3 Brief idea on dissociation of acids, pH, buffer systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch

equation.

4 Carbohydrates: definition, function, classification and isomerism

5 Biological significance of important Monosaccharides (Ribose, Glucose, Fructose,

Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars) & Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose,

Sucrose and Cellobiose)

6 Biological significance of important Polysaccharides, (starch, dextrins, dextrans,

glycogen, cellulose, inulin, chitin)

7 Biological significance of important Muco-polysaccharides including bacterial cell wall

polysaccharides

8 Lipids: Definition, function, classification, structure of simple, compound and derived

lipids and lipoproteins

9 Classification, structure and biological significance of fatty acids and Fat indices

10 Structure and functions of prostaglandins and Chemistry of bile and bile acids

11 Proteins: Definition, biological significance, classification,

12 Structure and properties of proteins

13 Amino acid structure, classification and physical properties

14 Chemical properties of amino acids (amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide

bond formation)

15 Nucleic Acids: definition, biological significance, classification

16 Structural Chemistry and biological significance of nucleosides and nucleotides

17 Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

18 Structures and functions of a typical ribonucleic acid (t-RNA)

UNIT-II: Veterinary Intermediary Metabolism

19 Enzymes: Definition and classification, EC numbering of enzymes

20 Protein nature of enzymes, theories of enzyme-substrate complex formation,

21 Modem concept of the active center of enzyme and enzyme action

22 Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number & specific activity, substrate

specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity of enzymes

23 Effects of temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme on enzyme action

24 Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive & suicidal inhibition

5

25 Allosteric enzymes, iso-enzymes Coenzymes, and Cofactors: definition and functions

26 Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction Oxidoreductases/

oxidases/ oxygenases/ dehydrogenases/ hydroperoxidases/ cytochromes

27 Carbohydrate metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation

28 Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle

29 Glyoxylate cycle, HMP shunt, Gluconeogenesis

30 Cori cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis

31 Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism

32 Lipid metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation

33 Beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body formation

34 Biosyntheses of fatty acids

35 Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism

36 Protein Metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation

37 Deamination, transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids

38 Ammonia transport and urea cycle

39 Nucleic acid Metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines

40 Biosynthesis and regulation of DNA

41 Biosynthesis and regulation of RNA

42 Respiratory chain or electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation,

43 Inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing electron transport chain

44 Regulation and integration of metabolism

UNIT-III: Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry

45 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis

46 Pregnancy toxemia, hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs

47 Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation of blood sugar

48 Biochemical tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism

49 Clinical significance of proteins and plasma proteins and

50 Clinical significance of dysproteinemias and. Acute Phase proteins

51 Clinical significance of lipid parameters and diseases diagnosis

52 Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes

53 Different types of Liver function tests for differential diagnosis

54 Biochemical tests of renal function - Urine analysis

55 Role of BUN, Uric acid and Creatinine in diagnosis

56 Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis

57 Biochemistry of digestive disorders

6

58 Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock

59 Biochemical basis of fluid therapy

60 Detoxification in the body: General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of

substances

61 Metabolism of xenobiotics and Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes

COURSE BREAK UP – PRACTICAL

UNIT-I: General Veterinary Biochemistry

1 Concentration of solutions - System international (S.I.) Units.

2 Preparation/standardization of acids / alkalies

3 Preparation of buffers and Titration curve of acid versus base

4 Qualitative tests for monosaccharide and their identification

5 Qualitative tests for disaccharide and their identification

6 Qualitative tests for polysaccharide and their identification

7 Identification of unknown carbohydrates

8 Determination of acid number of an oil

9 Color and precipitation reactions of proteins

10 Estimation of amino acids (Sorensen’s Method)

UNIT-II: Veterinary Intermediary Metabolism

11 Effect of pH on enzyme activity

12 Effect of temperature on enzyme activity

13 Estimation of blood / plasma glucose

14 Estimation of plasma protein

15 Estimation of plasma inorganic phosphate

16 Estimation of plasma calcium

17 Estimation of plasma Magnesium

18 Estimation of Ascorbic acid by Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) method

19 Estimation of milk lactose by Benedicts quantative method

20 Estimation of sodium and potassium by flame photometer;

21 Paper or thin later Chromatography of amino acids

22 Estimation of vitamin A by colorimetry

7

UNIT-III: Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry

23 Pathological Urine analysis

24 Assays of ALT and AST in Serum

25 Assays of Acute phase proteins (AorG Ratio)

26 Estimation of total serum cholesterol, , ,

27 Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen

28 Estimation of creatinine

29 Estimation of serum billirubin (Direct, Indirect and Total).

30 Principles and procedures of various diagnostic tests

31 Renal function and Liver function tests

8

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT


Credit Hours: 4+2

9

COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY Teacher

UNIT-1 (GENERAL LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT)

1 Demographic distribution of livestock and role in Indian economy

Dr. Bhagirathi

Panigrahi

and

Dr. Kumaresh Behera

2 Problems and prospects of livestock industry in India

3 Common animal husbandry terms (glossary)

4 Body conformation and identification

5 Transportation of livestock and wild or zoo animals

6 Common farm management practices including disinfection,

7 isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcass

8 & 9 Introduction to methods of drug administration

10 Common vices of animals (Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat), their

prevention and care

11 Livestock production systems

12 Animal holding and land holding patterns in different agro-

climatic zones

13 Organic livestock production

14 Judging and BCS for body parts of livestock

15 Preparation of animals for show

16 Culling of animals; Selection and purchase of livestock

UNIT-2 FODDER PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION

1 Importance of grasslands and fodder in livestock production

Dr. L.K. Babu

2-6 Agronomical Practices for fodder production

7 Important leguminous and non-leguminous fodders in different

seasons

8 Soil and Water conservation and drainage of water for fodder

production

9 Fodder production for small livestock units

10 Structures for storage of feeds and fodders

11 Scarcity fodders and preservation of green fodder

12 Recycling of animal washings and wastes in fodders production

and use of recycle waste UNIT-3 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-RUMINANTS

1 Housing systems, layout and design of different buildings for

animals.

Dr. Bhagirathi

Panigrahi

and

Dr. Kumaresh Behera

2 Selection of site: General principles affecting the design and

construction of building for housing for various livestock species

3

Arrangements of the building with special reference to Indian

conditions. Utilization of local materials. Building materials used

for construction of wall, roof and floor of animal houses, their

characteristics, merits and demerits

4 Breeds of cattle and descriptions of important breeds

5 Breeds of buffalo and descriptions of important breeds

6 Economic traits of cattle and buffaloes

7 General management and feeding practices of calves

8 General management and feeding practices of heifers, pregnant,

lactating and dry animals

9 General management and feeding practices of bulls and working

animals

10 Draught ability of cattle and buffaloes, Raising of buffalo males for

meat production

10

11 Routine animal farm operations and labour management

12 Animal farm accounts and records

13 Methods of milking and precautions

14 Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk production

15 Clean milk production

16 Breeds of sheep and their descriptions.

17 Breeds of goat and their descriptions

18 Important economic traits for meat, milk and fibre

19 &

20

General management and feeding practices during different

stages of growth, development and production (milk, meat and

wool)

20 Breeding schedule and management of ram and buck

21 Weaning and fattening of lambs and kids

UNIT-4 ZOO ANIMALS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

1 Taxonomy of important wild zoo animals

Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

2 Status and conservation practices of wildlife in India

3 Basic principles of habitat and housing of various classes of wild

zoo animals

4 Size and space requirement (dimension) of cubicles, enclosures of

important wild zoo animals

5 Management of livestock in fringe areas, in and surrounding the

breeding areas

6 Feeding habits, feeds and feeding schedules of captive animals

7 Restraining, capture, handling, physical examination of captive

animals

8 Classification of zoos, management of sanctuaries, national parks

etc.

9 Acts and Rules related to captive animals

10 National and international organization and institutions interlinked

to captive animals role and functioning

UNIT-5 ANIMAL WELFARE

1

Definition of animal welfare and ethics

Human and animal welfare in relation to ecosystem and

environmental factors

Role of veterinarians in animal welfare

Dr. K. Behera

2 Animal welfare organizations, Animal Welfare Board of India -

their role, functions and current status

3 Rules, regulations, laws on animal welfare

4 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 {59 of 1960)

5 Role and function of Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and

Supervising Experiments in Animals (CPCSEA)

6 Protection of wild life in nature and captivity

7 Protection and welfare of performing animals

8 Welfare of animals during transportation

9 Animal welfare in commercial livestock farming practices

10 Protection and welfare of working animals, Pet and companion

animal welfare

11 Animal welfare during natural calamities and disaster

management

12 Legal duties of veterinarians,

11

Common offences against animals and laws related to these

offences

13 Provincial and Central Acts relating to animals

14 Laws relating to offences affecting Public Health

15 Livestock Importation Act Evidence, liability and insurance

16 Code of Conduct and Ethics for veterinarians - the Regulations

made under the Act

UNIT-6 POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

1 Indian poultry industry – Brief outline of the different segments –

poultry statistics

Dr. L.M. Mohapatra Dr. L.K. Babu

2 Classification of poultry with respect to production characters,

age and standards

3 Production characters of other avian species

4

Description of indigenous fowls and their value in rural farming.

Specific strains developed for rural poultry production; their

acceptability and importance in rural eco-system

5 Brooding management – Types of brooders – preparation of shed

– Importance of environmental factors

6 Housing – Types of poultry houses – space requirements. Recent

advances in housing systems and rearing systems

7

Scavenging system of management – Low input technology –

Backyard and semi-intensive units; their management and

economic achievements

8 Deep litter management – control of litter-borne diseases and

recycling of litter

9 Cage management–Different types; Advantages and

disadvantages. Management of growers and layers 10 Management of broilers and breeders. Stress management

11 Feeding management–Classification of nutrients – Nutrient

requirements and feed formulations

12 Feeding systems–Feed restrictions – phase feeding – Additives

and supplements. Water management

13

Breeding systems and methods of mating. Selection and culling.

Breeding for specific characters and for hybrid chicken

production 14 Poultry judging

15 Egg structure – Physical and chemical composition. Bio-security

and principles of disease prevention management

16

Health care for common poultry diseases – vaccination

General principles of poultry medication

UNIT-7 DIVERSIFIED POULTRY PRODUCTION & HATCHERY

MANAGEMENT

1 Principles of incubation and hatchery management practices

Dr. L.M. Mohapatra Dr. L.K. Babu

2 Factors affecting fertility and hatchability, selection and care of

hatching eggs and hatchery hygiene

3 Candling, sexing, grading, packing and disposal of hatchery

waste

4 Economics of hatchery business – Troubleshooting hatchery

failures–Computer applications in hatchery management 5 Poultry waste management, pollution and environmental issues

6 Organic and hill farming. Mixed or integrated poultry farming

12

7 Vertical & horizontal integration in commercial poultry production

– Contract farming

8 Export or import of poultry produce and marketing

9 Management of ducks, geese

10 Management of turkeys, Japanese quails, guinea fowls etc.

UNIT-8 LABORATORY OR RABBIT OR PET ANIMAL PRODUCTION

MANAGEMENT

1-2 Importance and selection of laboratory animal, care and housing

standards of mice, rats, hamster and guinea pigs

Dr. B. Panigrahi

3-4 General considerations on feeding and breeding of laboratory

animals

5 Concept of production of specific pathogen free and germ free

laboratory animals

6 Scope of rabbit farming in the country, breeds and their

distributions in India, Limitation of rabbit animal production

7 Selection, care and management of breeding stock for

commercial purpose

8 Identification, care and management of kindling animals

9 Care of new born, growing stock

10 Breeding and selection techniques for optimal production of

rabbit

11 Feeds and feeding for rabbit production

12 Hygienic care and Housing for rabbit production

13 Disposal, utilization and recycling of waste etc.

14 Preparing projects for micro (Backyard), mini and major rabbit

farms

15 Important breeds of dogs, cats and pet birds

16 Feeding of dogs, cats and pet birds

17 Dog show: preparation for show, kennel clubs, important

characteristics for judgment

18

Utility of dogs- guarding, defense, patrolling, riot control,

scouting, espionage, mine detection, tracking, guiding, hunting,

races, retrieving rescue and other uses

UNIT-9 SWINE OR EQUINE OR CAMEL, YAK AND MITHUN

PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

1 Introduction and scope of swine farming in the country

Demography of swine population

Dr. S. Kanungo,

Dr. K. Behera &

Dr. J. Bagh

2 Selection and breeding techniques in swine; Important breeds

(exotic and indigenous) & their characteristics

3-4 Housing and feeding of swine

5

Management of different categories of swine for optimal

production: breeding and pregnant sows; sows at farrowing and

after farrowing

6 Management of different categories of swine for optimal

production: piglets, growing stock, lactating sows, feedlot stock

7 Equine population of India; Horses, donkeys and mules and their

utility

8 Colors and markings. Identification of breeds of horses

9 Dentition and ageing of horses 10 Care and routine management of equines including grooming,

13

saddling and exercise 11 Stable and its management

12 Vices of horses

13 Foot care and shoeing care

14 Feeding routine for horse, donkeys and mules

15 Care of stallion, Mating of horses, brood mare and its care 16 Foaling and care of newborn. Breeding mules 17 Care of race horses and preparing horses for show

18 Doping and its detection

19 Colic and its prevention

20 Common breeds of camel in India and their utility, peculiarities in

camel

21 Feeding schedule of camel, rutting symptoms in camel; Vices of

camel

22 Care of breeding in camel, pregnancy and parturition of camel 23 Population statistics and utility, peculiarities of yak

24

Feeding and breeding of Mithun or Yaks. Yak x cattle crossing,

hybrids from Mithun or Yaks and their adaptation to high altitude,

milk composition of Mithun or Yaks

14

COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS UNIT-1 GENERAL LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT Teacher

1 General introduction of the Institute animal farm Dr. K. Behera

2 Identification of common tools used on animal farm Dr. K. Behera

3 Familiarization with body points of animals Dr. K. Behera

4 Methods of identification (marking, tattooing, branding,

tagging and electronic chip under pre emptive analgesia) Dr. K. Behera

5 Use of rope for knot and halter making Dr. K. Behera 6 Dentition and ageing of animals Dr. K. Behera 7 Preparation of animals for show and judging Dr. K. Behera 8 Selection and culling of animals Dr. K. Behera 9 Preparation of project proposal Dr. K. Behera

UNIT-2 FODDER PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION

1 Visit to the fodder farm Dr. K. Behera

2 Familiarization with the various types of fodders in the state

and India Dr. K. Behera

3 Familiarization with various fertilizers and manures Dr. K. Behera 4 Collection, preservation and storage of feed and fodder Dr. K. Behera

5 Damages or loss during transfer and storage; methods to

prevent them Dr. K. Behera

6 Cost of calculations of fodder production Dr. K. Behera 7 Livestock waste utilization and recycling Dr. K. Behera

UNIT-3 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-RUMINANTS

1 Layout plans for different livestock houses Dr. K. Behera

2 Visit to different animal farms and Identification of various

breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep and Goat Dr. K. Behera

3 Humane handling and restraining of cattle, buffalo, sheep and

Goat Dr. K. Behera

4 Clipping, shearing, dipping, spraying and spotting sick

animals Dr. S. Kanungo

5 Determination of body weight using different measurements Dr. S. Kanungo

6 Familiarization with routine cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat

farm operations Dr. S. Kanungo

7 Milking of dairy animals Dr. K. Behera

8 Shearing of sheep Dr. K. Behera 9 Training of breeding males Dr. K. Behera

10 Detection of heat Dr. K. Behera

11 Identification and care of pregnant animals, care of neonatal

and young stock Dr. K. Behera

12 Economics of dairy, sheep or goat farm Dr. K. Behera UNIT-4 ZOO ANIMALS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

1 Visit to nearby wildlife sanctuary, captive animals centres to

study care and management of these animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

2 To study housing of captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 3 To study feeds and feeding schedule of captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

4 Hygienic preparation, preservation and storage of feeds of

captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

5 Familiarization about restraining, handling and physical

examination of captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

UNIT-5 POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

1 Common breeds of poultry, different classes, Indian chickens Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

15

and other avian species breeds

2 Digestive and respiratory system of chicken Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 3 Male and female reproductive system Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 4 Quality changes in egg during storage Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

5 Economic traits of broilers

Economic traits of egg-type chicken and breeders Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

6 AI in poultry Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 7 Housing and design of a poultry farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 8 Poultry farm equipment and their classification Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 9 Brooding arrangement in broiler farms Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

10 Poultry feed ingredients and its quality assessment Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 11 Poultry feed preparations Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 12 Calculation of different economic indices of broiler farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 13 Calculation of economic indices of layer farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

14 Fundamentals in poultry Post-mortem examination for sample

collection. Collection and dispatch of samples for PM

examination

Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

15 Management during Summer, Winter and Rainy season Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 16 Automization in poultry farms (EC house) Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

UNIT-6 INCUBATION AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT

1 Hatchery layout and design Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 2 Project report for establishing a broiler farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 3 Project report for establishing a layer farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 4 Project report for establishing a breeder farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

5 Visit to commercial poultry farms or hatchery or feed mill

Visit to farms of other avian species Dr. L.M. Mohapatra

UNIT-7 LABORATORY OR RABBIT OR PET ANIMAL


1 Identification of body parts and handling, weighing, sexing

and weaning of laboratory animals Dr. B. Panigrahi

2 Marking for identification of laboratory animals for purpose of

their individual recording Dr. B. Panigrahi

3 Computation, feeding schedule of balanced diet for high

breeding efficiency of laboratory animals Dr. B. Panigrahi

4 Maintenance of breeding records of laboratory animals Dr. B. Panigrahi

5 Prophylactic measures against common disease of laboratory

animals Dr. B. Panigrahi

6 Hygienic care and control of parasites; Shearing of rabbit Dr. B. Panigrahi 7 Feeding and Housing requirement and equipments for rabbit Dr. B. Panigrahi 8 Projects report for establishing of rabbit farm Dr. B. Panigrahi

9 Handling and restraining of dog, cat and pet bird and

equipments for pet animals and birds Dr. K. Behera

10 Brushing or grooming and bathing of dogs and cats Dr. K. Behera 11 Nail and tooth care, clipping of hairs for show purpose Dr. K. Behera 12 Care of pups, kitten and weaning Dr. K. Behera

UNIT-8 SWINE / EQUINE / CAMEL, YAK & MITHUN


1 Handling, restraining of swine, equines, camel Dr. G.P. Mohanty

2 Identification of pregnant animals, care during pregnancy,

isolation and care of farrowing sows and piglets Dr. G.P. Mohanty

3 Preparation of swine, equine for show and judging Dr. G.P. Mohanty 4 Economics of pig Dr. G.P. Mohanty

16

5 Routine inspection, tooth care and vaccination schedule Dr. S. Kanungo

6 Horse riding: walking, trotting, cantering and galloping Dr. S. Kanungo 7 Layout plans for sty, stables Dr. S. Kanungo

17

VETERINARY ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY


Credit Hours: 4+3

18

COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY

Unit - 1 (General)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Introduction to anatomy and branches of anatomy. Descriptive terms used in anatomy and

study of anatomical planes

2 Study of properties and structure of bone. Classification of skeletons.

3 Classification of bones with suitable examples and terms used in Osteology.

4 Introduction to Arthrology, classification of joints, different diarthrodial joints

5 Structure of diarthrodial joints and movements permitted. Introduction to Myology

6 Classification of muscles, etymology of muscles. Description of tendon, ligaments,

aponeurosis, synovial bursa and synovial sheath

7 Introduction to angiology. Structure of heart

8 General plan of systemic and pulmonary circulations, lymphatic and venous systems

9 Introduction to neurology and parts of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system

and sense organs

10 Formation of spinal nerve and structure of meninges

11 Structure of brain, spinal cord

12 Different surface regions, joint regions, Palpable Bony areas or prominences of the body of

the animal. Palpable Lymph nodes and Arteries of the body and Surface veins for

Venipunctrure. Sites for collection of Bone marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid

13 Introduction to Splanchnology, boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities

14 Topography of different organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and

female reproductive systems of domestic animals and fowl

15 Principles and application of Radiography and Ultrasound for bones and soft tissues

Unit - 2 (Forelimb)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Study of Scapula in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

2 Study of humerus in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

3 Study of Radius and Ulna in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

4 Study of Carpal in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

5 Study of metacarpal in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

6 Study of Phalanges (Hooves of ox and horse) of forelimb in cattle and their differences in

19

horse, dog, pig and fowl

7 Joints and ligaments of forelimb-I

8 Joints and ligaments of forelimb-II

9 Stay apparatus in horse

10 Extrathoracic branches of Axillary artery-I

11 Extrathoracic branches of Axillary artery-II

12 Venous system of forelimb

13 Lymphatic system of forelimb

14 Extrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus and Sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and Volar

nerve blocks-I

15 Extrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus and Sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and Volar

nerve blocks-II

Unit – 3 (Head and neck)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Study of cranial and facial bones-I

2 Study of cranial and facial bones-II

3 cervical vertebrae of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

4 Boundaries of the oral, orbital, nasal and cranial cavities

5 Study of paranasal sinuses in ox, horse, dog and pig

6 Study of articulations and special ligaments of the head and neck-I

7 Study of articulations and special ligaments of the head and neck-II

8 Muscles of face and mastication

9 Muscles of eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid and larynx-I

10 Muscles of eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid and larynx-II

11 Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and

salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I


salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II


salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III

14 Study of cranial nerves-I

15 Study of cranial nerves-II

16 Study of cranial nerves-III

17 Study of cranial nerves-IV

18 Blood vessels and lymph nodes of head and neck regions-I

19 Blood vessels and lymph nodes of head and neck regions-II

20 Study of boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck

muscles-I

21 Study of boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck

20

muscles-II

22 Study of sense organs-I

23 Study of sense organs-II

24 Study of sense organs-III

25 Study of sense organs-IV

26 Study of trachea

27 Study of oesophagus

28 Age determination by Dentition

29 Sites for Tracheotomy, Esophagotomy, Ligation of Stensons duct and Mental,

Mandibular, Maxillary , Cornual, Infraorabital , Supraorbital (frontal) , Orbital and

Auriculopalpebral nerve blocks

30 Surgical approach to guttural pouches in horse. Importance of Cornual nerve and

superficial Temporal artery in Amputation of Horn in cattle

Unit – 4 (Thorax)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Thoracic vertebra and ribs in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

2 Sternum in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

3 Joints and ligaments of vertebral column, sternum and ribs

4 Intrathoracic branches of Axillary artery

5 Intrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus

6 Lymph vessels and nodes of thorax and study of trachea

7 Study of thymus and oesophagus

8 Study of lungs in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

9 Study of pleura, its reflections and mediastinum

10 Areas of auscultation and percussion of heart and lungs and site for Paracentesis Thoracis

Unit – 5 (Abdomen)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Study of bones of abdomen of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl. Study of

joints, special ligaments, blood vessels, nerves of abdomen region

21

2 Blood supply to abdominal viscera

3 Nerve supply to abdominal viscera

4 Study of peritoneal reflections

5 Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I

6 Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II

7 Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III

8 Organs of urinary system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III

9 Organs of male reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

10 Organs of female reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I

11 Organs of female reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II

12 Study of mammary glands in cow and differences in mare, bitch and sow

13 Study of spleen of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl

14 Study of major veins, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and endocrine glands of abdomen.

15 Boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para-Lumbar fossa. Sites for Liver

,Gall Bladder and Caecal Biopsies, Laparotomy, Rumenocentesis ,Rumenotomy,

abomasotomy, spleenectomy, Cystotomy , Caesarean Operation , enterotomy, and

paravertebral block

Unit – 6 (Hind limb and pelvis)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I

2 Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II

3 Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III

4 Study of joints and ligaments of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera

5 Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-I

6 Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-II

7 Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-III

8 Study of lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-I

9 Study of lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-II

10 Organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity

and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I

11 organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity

and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II

12 Boundaries of the inguinal canal and structures of the spermatic cord and its importance,

structures of the pre pubic tendon and its importance

13 Study of Male external genital organs

14 Study of Female external genital organs

15 Sites for Tibial, Peroneal, Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar desmotomy,

Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy, cranial and caudal epidural anaesthesia-I

22

Unit – 7 (Histology)

Sl.

No.

Topic

1 Cytology-I

2 Cytology-II

3 Cell junctions

4 Study of basic tissues i.e. epithelial tissues

5 Study of basic tissues i.e. connective tissue

6 Study of basic tissues i.e. muscular tissues

7 Study of basic tissues i.e. nervous tissues

8 Study of blood and bone marrow

9 Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-I

10 Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-II

11 Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-III

11 Study of microscopic structures of circulatory system

12 Study of microscopic structures of urinary system

13 Study of microscopic structures of respiratory system-I

14 Study of microscopic structures of respiratory system-II

15 Study of microscopic structures of nervous system-I

16 Study of microscopic structures of nervous system-II

17 Study of microscopic structures of lymphatic system-I

18 Study of microscopic structures of lymphatic system-II

19 Study of microscopic structures of endocrine system-I

20 Study of microscopic structures of endocrine system-II

21 Study of microscopic structures of male genital system

22 Study of microscopic structures of female genital system-I

23 Study of microscopic structures of female genital system and mammary gland-II

24 Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument-I

25 Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument-II

Unit – 8 (Embryology)

Sl. No. Topic

1 Introduction to embryology and gametogenesis

2 Fertilization, cleavage, types of eggs, morula and blastulation

3 Gastrulation, types of implantation and twinning

4 Formation of foetal membranes in mammals and birds

5 Placenta and its classification and different germ layers and their derivatives

23

6 Development of organs of digestive system-I

7 Development of organs of digestive system-II

8 Development of accessory organs of digestive system (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver

and pancreas)

9 Study of development of organs of respiratory system

10 Study of development of organs of urinary system

11 Study of development of organs of circulatory and lymphatic system

12 Study of development of organs of nervous system

13 Study of development of organs of musculoskeletal, male and female reproductive systems

14 Development of endocrine glands

15 Development of sense organs i.e. eye and ear

COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS

Unit – 1 (General)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Study of general terms used in anatomy, study of anatomical planes

2 Study of different parts of skeleton, different surface and joint regions

3 Study of boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities

4 Demonstration of different types of joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, synovial bursa and

synovial sheath

5 In situ demonstration of heart, meninges, brain and spinal cord-I

6 In situ demonstration of heart, meninges, brain and spinal cord-II

7 Boundaries of Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities and in situ demonstration of

organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive

systems of domestic animals-I

8 Boundaries of Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities and in situ demonstration of

organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive

systems of domestic animals-II

9 Demonstration of different surface regions, joint regions and Palpable Bony areas or

prominences of the body of the animal , Common sites of fractures, Palpable Lymph nodes

and Arteries of the body ( ventral coccygeal artery in ox, femoral artery in dog and cat ,

facial artery in horse ) and Surface veins for Venipunctrure (cephalic vein and recurrent

tarsal vein in dog and cat , jugular vein in large animals) and Sites for collection of Bone

marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid

10 Visualization of Radiographs and ultrasound pictures of various organs and Fractures of

various bones

Unit – 2 (Fore limb)

24

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig

and fowl-I


and fowl-II


and fowl-III

4 Dissection of the fore limb-I

5 Dissection of the fore limb-II

6 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore

limb-I


limb-II


limb-III


limb-IV

10 Study of sites for different nerves blocks/neurectomies in forelimb. Study of suprascapular

nerve paralysis-shoulder sweeny, radial nerve paralysis-capped elbow

11 Structure of the equine hoof and comparison with ox and Clinical importance of cephalic

vein for intravenous injections in dog

12 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones of fore limb-I

Unit – 3 (Head and Neck)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-I

2 Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-II

3 Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-III

4 cervical vertebrae of ox and comparison with horse, dog and fowl

5 Dissection of muscles of face, mastication, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid, larynx, eye

and ear-I

6 Dissection of muscles of face, mastication, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid, larynx, eye

and ear-II

7 Dissection of muscles of Neck and ligamentum nuchae

8 Dissection of brain and its parts-I

9 Dissection of brain and its parts-II

10 Dissection/demonstration of tunics of eye

11 Study of teeth, tongue, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands and differences in

horse, dog, pig and fowl-I

12 Study of teeth, tongue, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands and differences in

horse, dog, pig and fowl-II

13 Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-I

14 Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-II

15 Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-III

16 Study of trachea and oesophagus

25

17 Study of nerve blocks of the head i.e cornual, auriculo-palpebral, Peterson’s orbital nerve

block, mandibulo-alveolar and mental nerve blocks; Importance of facial artery for

recording pulse in horse. Surgical importance of Stenson’s duct in domestic animals;

Surgical approach to guttural pouches-Viborg’s triangle. Clinical importance of jugular

vein for intravenous injections in large animals

18 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones of head and neck

Unit – 4 (Thorax)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Demonstration of thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum of ox and comparison with horse,

dog, pig and fowl-I

2 Demonstration of thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum of ox and comparison with horse,

dog, pig and fowl-II

3 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-I

4 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-II

5 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-III

6 Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and

differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I


differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II


differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III

9 Study of pleural reflections of thoracic cavity and Demonstration of sites for auscultation

and percussion; Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis-roaring in horses. Choke /

oesophageal obstruction

10 Demonstration of radiographs and videos of ultrasonography of organs of thorax

Unit – 5 (Abdomen)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Demonstration of bones forming boundaries of abdomen of ox and comparison with horse,

dog, pig and fowl

2 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels and nerves of abdomen-I

3 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels and nerves of abdomen-II

4 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male

and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and

fowl-I



fowl-II



fowl-III

7 Demonstration of mammary glands of cow, mare, bitch and sow and Demonstration of

major veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes of abdomen

26

8 Topographic location of abdominal viscera of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and

fowl. Demonstration of sites for laparotomy, caesarean section, ovario-hysterectomy,

catheterization of urinary bladder and sites for paravertebral and epidural anaesthesia

9 Demonstration of Boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para Lumbar

Fossa,Sites for Liver ,Gall Bladder and Caecal Biopsies, Laparotomy,Rumenocentesis

,Rumenotomy,abomasotomy, spleenectomy Cystotomy , Caesarean Operation,

catheterization of urinary bladder and enterotomy and paravertebral block

10 Demonstration of radiographs and videos of ultrasonography of organs of abdomen

Unit – 6 (Hind limb and pelvis)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-I

2 Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-

II

2 Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-

III

3 Demonstration of joints and ligaments of hind limb and pelvis-I

4 Demonstration of joints and ligaments of hind limb and pelvis-II

5 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic

cavity-I


cavity-II


cavity-III


cavity-IV

9 Demonstration of peritoneal reflections of pelvic cavity and organs of digestive, urinary,

male and female reproductive systems in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig

and fowl-I

10 Demonstration of peritoneal reflections of pelvic cavity and organs of digestive, urinary,

male and female reproductive systems in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig

and fowl-II

11 Study of Male and female external genital organs

13 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones and videos of ultrasonography of organs of

pelvis

14 Clinical importance of recurrent tarsal vein for intravenous injections in dog.

Demonstration of Sites for Tibial, Peroneal, Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar

desmotomy, Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy and cranial and caudal epidural

anaesthesia; Clinical importance of femoral artery to record pulse in dog.

Unit – 7 (Histology)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Microscopy and micrometry, Comparison of light and electron microscopy

2 Histological techniques, processing of tissues for paraffin sectioning and haematoxylin and

27

eosin staining-I

3 Histological techniques, processing of tissues for paraffin sectioning and haematoxylin and

eosin staining-II

4 Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue

and blood-I


and blood-II


and blood-III


and blood-IV


and blood-V

9 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-I

10 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-II

11 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-III

12 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-IV

13 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-V

14 Microscopic examination of organs of circulatory system

15 Microscopic examination of organs of urinary system, Microscopic examination of

organs of respiratory system

16 Microscopic examination of organs of lymphatic system

17 Microscopic examination of organs of endocrine system

18 Microscopic examination of organs of male genital system

19 Microscopic examination of organs of female genital system-I

20 Microscopic examination of organs of female genital system-II

21 Microscopic examination of sensory organs of domestic animals-I

22 Microscopic examination of sensory organs of domestic animals-II

Unit – 8 (Embryology)

Sl

No.

Topic

1 Demonstration of Placenta, umbilical cord and foetal membranes of different domestic

animals-I

2 Demonstration of Placenta, umbilical cord and foetal membranes of different domestic

animals-II

3 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-I

4 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-II

5 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-III

6 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-I

7 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-II

8 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-III

9 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-IV

29

VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY


Credit Hours: 4+1

30

COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY

UNIT- 1

BLOOD

1st class- Introduction to Blood- properties of blood as a body fluid

2nd class- Metabolism and fate of R.B.C

3rd class- Hemoglobin-chemical structure, synthesis, physiological functions

4th class- Derivatives of hemoglobin

5th class- Haemorrhage haemostasis

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1st class- Heart- morphological characteristic, systemic excitability conduction and transmission

processes.

2nd class- Cardiac Cycle

3rd class- Regulation of cardiac output

4th class- Coronary circulation

5th class- Properties of pulse; metabolism and energetic of working myocardial cell, extrinsic and

intrinsic regulation.

6th class- Electrocardiograph and its significance in Veterinary Sciences

7th class- Echocardiography

8th class- Haemodynamics of circulation

9th class- Circulatory mechanics, resistance to flow, vasoconstriction, nervous and circulating

fluid volume controls of blood pressure,

10th class- Neurohormonal control of vascular smooth muscle.

11th class- Circulatory controls- shock stresses,

12th class- Regional and fetal circulation.

13th class- Capillary exchange, control of blood pressure.

14th class- Adjustment of circulation during exercise.

MUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS

1st class- Muscle Physiology-basic muscle unit characteristic

2nd class- Electrical phenomenon in muscle cell - muscle action potential,

3rd class- Excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period refractiveness

31

4th class- Threshold level-all and none characteristics

5th class- Contractile mechanism - excitation - contraction coupling- neuro-muscular

transmission types of muscle contraction

6th class- Phenomenon of fatigue and rigor mortis

7th class- Organization of nervous system

8th class- Mechanism of information processing, hierarchical control.

9th class- Major function system- sensory, consciousness, emotion, motor and visceral control

10th class- basic functional unit – neuron structure

11th class- Type functional characteristics of sub-units of neuron.

12th class-Membrane potential -ionic basis of resting membrane potential (RMP) nerve action

potential

13th class-Excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period- refractive-ness,

threshold level-all and none characteristics.

14th class- Degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibre.

15th class- Synaptic and junctional transmission.

16th class- Functions of nervous system-reflexes-control of posture and movements

17th class- Autonomic nervous system and visceral control

18th class- Neurotransmitter wakefulness, sleep cycle.

19th class- Higher function of neurons system - learning, memory, electroencephalography.

20th class- Sense organs and receptors physiology of special senses- Eye: functional

morphology, nourishment and protection neural pathway receptors- optics, ocular

muscles and movements, photochemistry,

21st class- Vision defects Ear: Physiology of hearing and common hearing impairment. Vestibule

apparatus.

22nd class- Physiology of olfaction and taste

UNIT-2

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1st class- Morphological characteristic of mono gastric and poly gastric digestive system.

2nd class- Prehension, rumination; defecation

3rd class-Vomition; regulation of secretory function of saliva, stomach, intestine, pancreas; bile

secretion

4th class- Hunger, appetite control developmental aspects of digestion

5th class- Luminous, membranous and microbial digestion in rumen and intestine

32

6th class- Permeability characteristics of intestine, forces governing absorption,

7th class- Control intestinal transport of electrolyte and water

8th class- Enzymatic digestion in monogastric

9th class- Fermentative digestion in rumen, modification of toxic substances in rumen

10th class- Digestion in birds

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1st class- Functional morphology of respiratory apparatus.

2nd class- Mechanics of breathing

3rd class- Transport of blood gases, foetal and neonatal oxygen transport

4th class- Dissociation curves, pressures, recoil tendency

5th class- Elasticity, surfactants, pleural liquid, compliance

6th class- Exchanges of gases in lungs and tissues, neural and chemical regulation of breathing,

diffusion, perfusion, hypoxia.

7th class- Frictional resistance to air flow, airways smooth muscle contraction, respiratory muscle

work, panting, adaptation of respiration during muscle exercise, high altitude hypoxia,

Non-respiratory lung functions.

8th class- Respiration in birds

UNIT-3

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

1st class- Kidney- Functional morphology of nephrons

2nd class - Factors determining filtration pressure, determination of glomerular filtration rate

(GFR) and renal plasma flow

3rd class- Re-absorption mechanisms for glucose, protein, amino acids, electrolytes; ammonium

mechanism,

4th class - Glomerulo-tubular balance,

5th class - Methods of studying renal functions

6th class - Urine concentration

33

7th class - Micturition, uremia. Fluid, water balance, fluid therapy, dehydration, water

concentration mechanisms.

8th class - Acid base balance and H+ regulation, correction and evolution of imbalances, total

osmotic pressure.

9th class - Formation and excretion of urine of Birds.

10th class - Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluids - composition, formation and flow

11th class - Joints

12th class - Regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1st class - Hormone cell interaction, sub-cellular mechanisms-metabolism of hormones

2nd class - Methods of study of endocrine system;

3rd class - Receptors- mechanism of regulation

4th class- Chemistry of hypothalamo- hypophyseal hormones, target organ

5th class- Pineal, thyroid, thymus

6th class- Pancreas

7th class- Adrenal

8th class- Prostaglandins

9th class- Hormones of calcium metabolism, disorders

10th class- Rennin-angiotensin system

11th class- Atrial natriuretic factors, erythropoietin, GI hormones, pheromones.

UNIT-4

REPRODUCTION

1st class- Genetic and endocrine control of gonadal development

2nd class- Modification of gonadotrophin release

3rd class- Ovarian functions, follicular development, dynamics

4th class- Endocrine and receptor profiles

34

5th class- Sexual receptivity, ovarian cycle

6th class- Post-partum ovarian activity

7th class- Ovum transport

8th class- Capacitation

9th class- Fertilization

10th class- Reproductive cycles in farm animals

11th class- Hormones present in the biological fluids during pregnancy and their uses for the

diagnosis of pregnancy

12th class- Maternal foetal placental participation in pregnancy

13th class- Parturition

14th class- Immunology of gestation

15th class- Preparturient endocrine status

16th class- Spermatogenic cycle and wave

17th class- Function of sertoli cell-leydig cell

18th class- Semen - composition- evaluation

19th class- Testosterone - function and regulation

20th class- Cryptorchidism.

21st class- Puberty and Photoperiod

22nd class- Uses of androgens, progestogens, estrogens.

LACTATION

1st class- Functional and metabolic organization of mammary glands - structure and development

2nd class- Effect of estrogens and progesterone

3rd class- Hormonal control of mammary growth

4th class- Lactogenesis and galctogenesis

5th class- Biosynthesis of milk constituents- secretion of milk, and metabolism, prolactin and

lactation cycle.

35

GROWTH

1st class- Biochemical and genetic determinants of growth, regulation of growth, metabolic and

hormone interactions

2nd class- Factors affecting efficiency of growth and production in ruminants and single

stomach animals.

3rd class- Growth in meat producing animals and birds, growth curves.

4th class- Recombinant gene transfer technologies for growth manipulation - advantages and

limitations.

5th class - Protein deposition in animals and poultry.

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY

1st class- Heat balance, heat tolerance, hypothermia, hyperthermia,

2nd class- Thermo-regulation in farm animals, role of skin, responses of animals to heat and cold

3rd class- Fever, body temperature and hibernation.

4th class- Temperature regulation in birds.

5th class- Climatology- various parameters and their importance.

6th class- Effect of different environmental variables like temperature,

7th class- Humidity, light, radiation, altitude on animal performance.

8th class- Acclimation, acclimatization - general adaptive syndrome.

9th class- Clinical aspects of endocrine - reproductive functions, circadian rhythm.

10th class- Neurophysiology of behaviours, types of behaviour, communication

11th class- Learning and memory behavioural plasticity.

36

COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS

UNIT-1 (BLOOD, CARDIOVASCULAR, MUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS)

1st class- Collection of blood, separation of serum and plasma, Preservation of blood.

2nd class- Bleeding time and clotting time.

3rd class- Enumeration of Erythrocyte.

4th class- Enumeration of Leucocyte.

5th class- Differential Leucocytic Count. Platelet count.

6th class- Estimation of Hemoglobin.

7th class- Determination of Packed Cell Volume, Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation

rate.

8th class- Blood grouping.

9th class- Measurement of arterial blood pressure.

10th class- Recording of ECG

11th class- Erythrocyte fragility and viscosity.

12th class- Recording of cardiogram of frog heart- Study the effect of heat and cold on heart —

effect of vagus stimuli on heart, vagal escape — factors affecting blood flow through

blood vessels

UNIT-2 (RESPIRATION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS)

1st class- Counting of rumen motility.

2nd class- Estimation of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in rumen.

3rd class- Bacterial and protozoa count.

4th class- In-vitro action of proteolytic enzymes — pepsin and trypsin.

5th class- Experimental physiology: Pithing of frog, preparation of nerve muscle.

6th class- Recording of twitch response, effect of single stimulus.

7th class- effect of heat and cold.

8th class- Fatigue - summation, tetanus.

9th class- Recording of respiration, spirometry. Recording of volume and capacities in different

physiological states

10th class- Determination of vital capacities. Recording of rumen/intestinal movements

(Demonstration)

37

UNIT-3 (EXCRETORY AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS)

1st class- Urine analysis-physiological constituents, pathological determinates

2nd class- Determination of Glomerular Filteration Rate

3rd class- Titerable acidity

4th class- Determination of inorganic phosphorus

5th class- Urine ammonia nitrogen and creatinine in urine

6th class- Recording of rumeno-intestinal movements (Demonstration)

7th class- Bioassay for tropic hormone

8th class- Demonstration of hormone estimation

UNIT-4 (REPRODUCTION, LACTATION, GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL

PHYSIOLOGY)

1st class - Oestrus and phases of oestrous cycle in animals (vaginal mucus)

2nd class - Behavioural signs of oestrus

3rd class - Sperm motility

4th class - Sperm concentration

5th class - Live and dead

6th class - Abnormal sperm count

7th class - Measurement of growth in various species

8th class - Measuring surface area of animals

9th class - Health parameters of animals- body temperature, pulse, respiration and heart rate

10th class - Measurement of animal environmental conditions

11th class- Behaviour of animals - mating behavior, feeding behaviour (live or video

graphicorcomputer simulated demonstration)

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