Switching Home Switching Home Heating Fuel Sources to Heating Fuel Sources to Conserve Energy and Conserve Energy and

COCO22 Emissions Emissions

Katelyn Dolan, Annette Schloss, Sarah SilverbergKatelyn Dolan, Annette Schloss, Sarah SilverbergBuilding Carbon Wedges NR 797/897Building Carbon Wedges NR 797/897

Proposed WedgeProposed Wedge

Switch homes currently heating with #2 fuel oil to Switch homes currently heating with #2 fuel oil to a biodiesel blend (typical biodiesel combination a biodiesel blend (typical biodiesel combination

is 20% biofuel/80% heating oil)is 20% biofuel/80% heating oil)

Home Heating Statistics and Householdsin New England in 2000

EIA stats Percent households for home heatingMA NH RI ME VT CT

natural gas 44 18 46 4 12 29fuel oil 39 58 42 80 59 52electricity 12 8 8 4 5 15LP gas 3 11 3 5 14 2other/none 2 5 1 7 10 2

Households (2000) 2,443,580 474,606 408,424 518,200 240,634 1,301,670

Biofuels: a few detailsBiofuels: a few details

Biodiesel is produced through the process of Biodiesel is produced through the process of transesterification where the glycerin is separated transesterification where the glycerin is separated from the fats(vegetable oils)from the fats(vegetable oils)

Biodiesel is most commonly produced from Biodiesel is most commonly produced from soybeans, but can also come from corn, sugar, soybeans, but can also come from corn, sugar, tallow, a blend of feedstock or recycled vegetable tallow, a blend of feedstock or recycled vegetable oilsoils

Current Biodiesel BlendsCurrent Biodiesel Blends B100: homemade solutions (cars, homes)B100: homemade solutions (cars, homes) B20: currently accepted for truckingB20: currently accepted for trucking B5: currently accepted for home heatingB5: currently accepted for home heating

EEavoided avoided == EEBAU BAU -- EEsolutionsolution

EEBAUBAU- the amount of emissions produced if all - the amount of emissions produced if all homes currently heating with oil continue to homes currently heating with oil continue to heat with oil at the current rateheat with oil at the current rate

EEsolutionsolution – the amount of emissions produced if – the amount of emissions produced if all homes in New England currently heating all homes in New England currently heating with oil switch to biodiesel.with oil switch to biodiesel.

Getting the NumbersGetting the Numbers BAU: Two approachesBAU: Two approaches

Number of homes in NE with oil furnaces, average amount Number of homes in NE with oil furnaces, average amount of oil used by household per year of oil used by household per year

Total consumption/sales of #2 heating oilTotal consumption/sales of #2 heating oil

Solution: Solution: Determining the rate at which people might switch to Determining the rate at which people might switch to

biodieselbiodiesel Current carbon emissions from oil furnaces and carbon Current carbon emissions from oil furnaces and carbon

emissions of furnaces converted to biodieselemissions of furnaces converted to biodiesel

Annual Consumption/Sales of No.2 Fuel Oil - all sectors by state -

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Residential Use of No.2 Fuel Oil (1000s of gallons*)

*Original data was in barrels: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons

Source = SEDS (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html)

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New England fuel oil residential usage is about 35% of the total US residential use

Considering A Business As Usual Scenario: A Visual Comparison of Annual Residential Use of No.2 Fuel Oil, Heating Degree Days, and cost for New England

Annual New England Residential Fuel Oil Usage

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Price of Residential Fuel Oil (Massachussetts)

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Filling in the equation: Filling in the equation: Greenhouse gas emission reduction Greenhouse gas emission reduction

statistics per gallonstatistics per gallon Burning 1 gallon of heating oil produces 22.384lb of Burning 1 gallon of heating oil produces 22.384lb of

Carbon Dioxide (source EIA) Carbon Dioxide (source EIA) In germany biodiesel produced from canola oil In germany biodiesel produced from canola oil

23.4lb/gallon diesel (production and use) (NGM*)23.4lb/gallon diesel (production and use) (NGM*) 7.6lb/gallon biodiesel (production and use) (NGM*)7.6lb/gallon biodiesel (production and use) (NGM*) B20 emissions = 80%diesel (.8*23.4) + 20% B20 emissions = 80%diesel (.8*23.4) + 20%

biodiesel(.2*7.6) = biodiesel(.2*7.6) = 20.24lb/gallon (13.5 reduction)20.24lb/gallon (13.5 reduction) B20 emissions = 80%diesel (.8*22.384) + 20% B20 emissions = 80%diesel (.8*22.384) + 20%

biodiesel(.2*7.6) = biodiesel(.2*7.6) = 19.4272 (13.2% reduction)19.4272 (13.2% reduction) B20 emissions = 80%diesel (.8*22.384) + 20% B20 emissions = 80%diesel (.8*22.384) + 20%

biodiesel(.2*0) = biodiesel(.2*0) = 17.9lb/gallon (20% reduction)17.9lb/gallon (20% reduction)*NGM sources: US DOE; US EPA; Worldwatch institute*NGM sources: US DOE; US EPA; Worldwatch institute

More numbers…Does a gallon of B20 heat as More numbers…Does a gallon of B20 heat as much as a gallon of #2 heating oil?much as a gallon of #2 heating oil?

Efficiency?

•Diesel $6.15 biodiesel $6.80 (to get the energy equivalent of a gallon of diesel you would pay $6.73 From this we can create an equation of the amount of gallons of biodiesel needed to heat home the same amount as a gallon of natural gas. (Need to find US numbers, these are based on 2007 statistics using germany retail prices and canola oil)

What is the Energy balance all about and how does this effect calculations?

•Fossil-feul energy used to make the feul (input) compared with the energy in the fuel (output)

NGM 1:2.5A U.S. Department of Energy & U.S. Deparment of Agriculture life A U.S. Department of Energy & U.S. Deparment of Agriculture life cycle analysis shows for every unit of fossil energy it takes to make cycle analysis shows for every unit of fossil energy it takes to make biodiesel, 3.2 units of energy are gainedbiodiesel, 3.2 units of energy are gained.  This takes into account the .  This takes into account the planting, harvesting, fuel production and fuel transportation to the end planting, harvesting, fuel production and fuel transportation to the end user. user.

Determining the rate at which Determining the rate at which people will switch to biodieselpeople will switch to biodiesel What is the available supply of biodieselWhat is the available supply of biodiesel Number of business that sell itNumber of business that sell it Location of those businessesLocation of those businesses Current price in biodiesel versus oilCurrent price in biodiesel versus oil

Current Use and IncentivesCurrent Use and Incentives

Currently massachuesetts pushing hard for B5 agreementCurrently massachuesetts pushing hard for B5 agreement NY has created a tax agreement in which the greater biofuel NY has created a tax agreement in which the greater biofuel

proportion you use the more you get more off your tax credit.proportion you use the more you get more off your tax credit. One problem they have been having, problem with B20 burns One problem they have been having, problem with B20 burns

hotter then an oil. The Hotter burning B20 can clean oil build hotter then an oil. The Hotter burning B20 can clean oil build up from regular oil systems, but forces them into fuel oil up from regular oil systems, but forces them into fuel oil filters and oil injectors. Therefore, people with older fuel oil filters and oil injectors. Therefore, people with older fuel oil systems face greater barriers to switching fuel because of all systems face greater barriers to switching fuel because of all the sediments that has built up over time could cause the sediments that has built up over time could cause equipment failure and greater investment. equipment failure and greater investment.

NOTE: Most of the following companies are capable of supplying biodiesel anywhere in the country, and the proximity of your potential biodiesel usage in relation to a company’s listed mailing address is not necessarily relevant to their supply logistics or price structure. Because some of these companies may not be actively producing, we strongly recommend that you contact them personally for product availability and price information.

COMPANY CONTACT EMAIL Bioheat StateAction Oil Service LLC Wilson F. Cloukey wilsonfc@comast.net Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutAction Oil Service LLC Wilson wilsonfc@comcast.net retailer ConnecticutBantam Fuel Peter Aziz peter@bantamfuel.com retailer ConnecticutBantam Supply Co Peter Aziz peter@bantamfuel.com retailer ConnecticutBantam Supply Co.,D/B/A Bantan Fuel ConnecticutCTEXCO dba Hale Hill Farm Richard M Hosley, Jr. ric@halehillbiofuel.com ConnecticutEast River Energy Dave Rettig dmr@eastriverenergy.com wholesaler &retailer ConnecticutF & S Oil Company Christopher T. Carr ctcarr@esoil.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutLong Hill Oil Donald K. Flagge longhilloil@comcast.net ConnecticutLong Hill Oil Donald Flagge longhilloil@comcast.net ConnecticutMarandola Fuel Service LLC Robert Marandola bobmarandola@sbcglobal.net Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutMarandola Fuel Service., LLC Bob Marandola bobmarandola@sbcglobal.net ConnecticutPlainville Petroleum LLC Nicholas S. Scata nscata@myhomeoil.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutSack Distributors, Corp. Stephen Sack Jr. stephen427@yahoo.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutSanta Fuel, Inc. Darren LeDoux LedouxD@santaenergy.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutStar Gas Partners, L.P. Joseph P. Cavanaugh jpcanvanaugh@stargaslp.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutTower Energy LLC Nicholas S. Scata nscata@myhomeoil.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutVillage Oil Company Christopher T. Carr ctcarr@esoil.com Bioheat Agreement ConnecticutVillage Oil Company Chris Carr ctcarr@fsoil.com ConnecticutAugusata Fuel Co. Marc Lacassa MaineFrontier Energy, Inc Joel Glatz iglatz@frontierenergy.com MaineFrontier Energy, Inc Joel Glatz jglatz@frontierenergy.com Bioheat Agreement MaineGiroux Oil girouxoil@maine.rr.com MaineHarvest Fuels harvest@midcoast.com MaineHarvest Fuels Eliza T. Haselton harvest@midcoast.com Bioheat Agreement MaineIndepedence Energy, Inc. D/B/A Indepedence Biofuel Garry Glatz info@biofuelme.com Bioheat Agreement MaineMaritime Energy Susan G. Ware susanw@maritimeenergy.com MaineMaritime Energy susanw@maritimeenergy.com MaineAlliance Energy Services Inc Stephan C. Chase schase@allianceenergycompany.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsAlliance Energy Services Inc schase@allianceenergycompany.com MassachussettsBursaw Gas & Oil, Inc. Jeffrey W. Bursaw bursaw@aol.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsDennis K. Burke Inc Ted Burke Ted.burke@burkeoil.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsH.H Snow & Sons Inc. Sidney H. Snow sidesnow@hh.com MassachussettsH.H. Snow & Sons., Inc. Sidney Snow sid@snow-hh.com MassachussettsMass Biofuel Rober Warren III info@massbiofuel.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsNew England Fuel Institute Jack Sullivan nefi@nefi.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsRice Oil Co. Terry Verber tverber@ricecompanies.com MassachussettsRice Oil Co. Inc. Terry Veber tveber@ricecompanies.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsTasse Fuel Corporation Jeff Tasse Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsTasse Fuel Corproation Jeff Tasse askemm@tasses.com MassachussettsTri Gas & Oil L Wash McMahan nmcmahan@trigas-oil.com Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsWhiting Oil Corp Richard C. Whiting Jr. whitingenergy@verizon.net. Bioheat Agreement MassachussettsIrving Oil Terminals Inc. Rob Gardner Bioheat Agreement New HampshireJesse E. Lyman, Inc. Peter Donohoe pdonohoe@dexcite.com Bioheat Agreement New HampshireProlux Oil & Propane Tom Prolux tprolux@proluxoilandpropane.com New HampshireProulx Oil & Propane Thomas Proulx Bioheat Agreement New HampshireSprague Energy Andrew Lynch alynch@spregueenergy.com Bioheat Agreement New HampshireSprague Energy Andrew Lynch alynch@spragueenergy.com New HampshireGuardian Fuel & Energy Systems, Inc Randy Lohr guardinfo@guardianfuel.com Rhode IslandGuardian Fuel & Energy Systems, Inc. Randy Lohr rlohr@guardianfuel.com Rhode IslandGuardin Fuel & Energy Systems., Inc. Randy & Jamie Lohr guardininfo@guardianfuel.com Both Rhode IslandOnwer Services Inc. Chris Keyser cskeyser@adelphia.net VermontOwner Services Inc. Chris Keyser X Bioheat Agreement Vermont