SWINE FLUSWINE FLU

A Concise Presentation

By

Mr. Deepak Sarangi M.Pharm

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CONTENTSCONTENTS1. Introduction

2. What is swine flu

3. Swine flu differs from human flu

4. How swine flu spreads

5. Symptoms

6. Diagnosis

7. Vaccine

8. Medicines to treat

9. Preventions

10.Conclusion

11.References2

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONSwine flu is also known as H1N1.

Epidemics of swine flu Were in : 1918 and 1968

The swine flu pandemic was in 2009.

Total swine flu deaths from 2009 pandemic:14,286.

Epidemic meaning: An outbreak of a contagious

disease that spreads rapidly and widely.

Pandemic meaning: Epidemic over a wide

geographic area and affecting a large proportion of

the population.3

WHATWHAT IS IS SWINESWINE FLU (H1N1) FLU (H1N1)

Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a

respiratory disease of pigs caused

by Type A influenza viruses that

causes regular outbreaks in pigs.

Swine flu viruses have been

reported to spread from person-to-

person, but in the past, this

transmission was limited and not

sustained beyond three people. 4

WHAT DOES H1N1 MEAN ?WHAT DOES H1N1 MEAN ?

• The “H1” (Hemagglutinin) and “N1” (Neuraminidases) .

•Influenza viruses are split up into three broad groups known

as influenza A, B and C.

•Influenza A is the most common type, and H1N1 is a type of

influenza A.

• The designation “H1N1” indicates unique traits, which

exhibit characteristics that identify the virus to the immune

system and allows for attachment and replication of the virus.

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H1N1 INFLUENZA VIRUSHemagglutinin protein ‐the virus uses to attach to the host cells.

Neuraminidase enables ‐the virus to be released from the host cell.

M2 Ion Channel‐ allows protons to move through the viral envelope and is essential for the virus replication process.

RNP  ‐ Ribonucleoprotein containing the virus RNA genome.

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SWINE FLU DIFFERS FROM SWINE FLU DIFFERS FROM HUMAN FLUHUMAN FLU

• The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very

different from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore,

vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide

protection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.

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HOW IT SPREADSHOW IT SPREADSSpread of this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is thought

to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads.

Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person

through coughing or sneezing of people with influenza.

Sometimes people may become infected by touching

something with live flu viruses on it and then touching

their mouth or nose.

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IS THE CURRENT SWINE FLU VIRUS IS THE CURRENT SWINE FLU VIRUS CONTAGIOUS ?CONTAGIOUS ?

Various international agencies (US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, World Health Organization) have determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human.

WHO has escalated the world Pandemic Phase from Phase 3 to Phase 4 (in a 6-scale Phase), indicating that a worldwide pandemic due to swine flu H1N1 is possible.

OMEGA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 9

SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS

Fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, runny nose,

coughing and nausea are all symptoms of swine flu in

humans.

Diarrhoea, coughing, sore throat, lack of appetite,

fever, sneezing and weight loss are the main

symptoms of swine flu in pigs.

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IN CHILDREN EMERGENCY WARNING IN CHILDREN EMERGENCY WARNING

SIGNS SIGNS Fast breathing or trouble breathing.

Bluish skin colour .

Not drinking enough fluids .

Not waking up or not interacting .

Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held.

Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and

worse cough .

Fever with a rash .

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IN ADULT EMERGENCY WARNING IN ADULT EMERGENCY WARNING SIGNS SIGNS Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen .

Sudden dizziness .

Confusion .

Severe or persistent vomiting .

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DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS

To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory

specimen would generally need to be collected within

the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person

is most likely to be shedding virus).

However, some persons, especially children, may shed

virus for 10 days or longer.

Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus requires

sending the specimen to a hospital laboratory for

testing. 14

VACCINEVACCINE

Because the virus is new, there will be no vaccine ready to protect against pandemic flu.

Vaccine against Swine Flu virus H1N1 needs at least 6-12 months to be produced.

Seasonal flu vaccine or past flu immunization will not provide protection.

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MEDICINES TO TREAT MEDICINES TO TREAT

The US CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir

(Tamiflu®) or zanamivir (Relenza®) for the treatment

and/or prevention of infection with these swine

influenza viruses.

Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid

or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu

viruses from reproducing in your body.

For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon

after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). 16

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PREVENTIONSPREVENTIONS OF SWINE FLUOF SWINE FLU Farmers should wear face masks and gloves when dealing

with infected animals to prevent swine flu.

Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or

sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.

Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after

you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also

effective.

Try to avoid close contact with sick people.

If you get sick with influenza, stay home from work or school

and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

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To prevent the spread of influenza virus it is important to keep surfaces (especially bedside tables, surfaces in the bathroom, kitchen counters and toys for children) clean by wiping them down with a household disinfectant according to directions on the product label.

HOUSEHOLD CLEANING TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

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SOURCES OF CONTAMINATIONSOURCES OF CONTAMINATION

The virus can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with the virus and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth.

Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. The virus can then be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk, doorknob, child’s toy or phone handset and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.

BEST WAY TO PREVENT SNEEZING BEST WAY TO PREVENT SNEEZING AND COUGHING AND COUGHING

If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work or school if ill.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. Put your used tissue in the waste basket.

Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

1.Be aware of H1N1 virus/swine flu.

2.Know the symptoms.

3.Take precautions.

4.Get vaccinated.

5.If child/student misses school ,know about technology

learning.

6.Stay healthy and clean.

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contact sarangi.dipu@gmail.com

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