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Transcript of Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice...
![Page 1: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HCl
H2SO4
H3PO4
HNO3
CH3COOH
HF
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Acetic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
stomach acid, pickling metal
battery acid, # 1 selling chemical
food flavoring
fertilizer, explosives
vinegar
etch glass
NaOH Ca(OH)2 NH4OH
sodium hydroxide calcium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide
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pH scale0
7
14
acid
neutral
base
[H+] = [OH-]
Soren Sorenson developed pH scale
pOH = -log [OH-]
kW = [H+] [OH-]
pH = -log [H+]
pH + pOH = 14
(alkalinity)
Arnold Beckman invented the pH meter
H+ + H2O H3O+
proton hydronium ion
kw = 1 x 10-14
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Concentrated vs. Dilute
Concentration: Molarity molality Normality
M = molL m =
molkg
H2SO4 2 H1+ + SO42-
3 M “6 M”
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Strong / Weak Acid
Strong HA H+ + A- (~100% dissociation)
Weak HA H+ + A- (~20% dissociation)
Ka = [Product][Reactant]
acid dissociation constant
Ka
0.8 H3PO4 3H+ + PO43-
0.0021 HF H+ + F-
H2A 2 H+ + A-
Ka = [H+]2 [A-]
[H2A]
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Acid + Base Salt + Water
How would you make calcium sulfate in the lab?
+ CaSO4
ACID
Sour taste, litmus red
Arrhenius – H+ as only ion in water
Brønsted-Lowry – proton donor
BASE
bitter taste, litmus blue
Arrhenius – OH- as only ion in water
Brønsted-Lowry – proton acceptor
H2SO4 Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2O? ?
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phenolphthalein colorless pinkacid baseweak strong
bromthymol blue yellow blue
acid basestrong strong
universal indicator R O Y G B I V
pH 4 7 12
litmus paper & pH paper
Indicators
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Buffers - salts of weak acids and weak bases that maintain a pH
LeChatelier’s Principle
- acidosis & alkalosis (bicarbonate ion acts as buffer)- darkening glasses- egg shells thinner in summer (warm)
e.g. Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) vs. Bufferinlow pH upsets stomach
![Page 8: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Acid – Base Concentrations
pH = 3
pH = 7
pH = 11
OH-
H3O+OH-
OH-H3O+
H3O+
[H3O+] = [OH-] [H3O+] > [OH-] [H3O+] < [OH-]
acidicsolution
neutralsolution
basicsolution
co
nc
en
trat
ion
(m
ole
s/L
)
10-14
10-7
10-1
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 332
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Amino Acids – Functional Groups
Amine Carboxylic AcidBase Pair
NH21- R- COOH
NH3NH21- NH4
1+
amine ammonia ammonium ion
NH
HH
:
NH
HH
H : 1+
NH
H
:
1-
:
H+ lose H+
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Amino Acids – Functional Groups
Amine Carboxylic AcidBase Pair
NH21- R- COOH
O2-
H+
H+
+
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg
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Water – Amphiprotic
H2OOH1- H3O1+
hydroxide water hydronium ion
NH
HH
:
NH
HH
H : 1+
NH
H
: 1-
:
H+ lose H+
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Water – Also Amphiprotic
H2OOH1- H3O1+
hydroxide water hydronium ion
H+ lose H+
Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor)
O2-
H+
H+
+
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Amino Acids – Functional Groups
H2OOH1- H3O1+
hydroxide water hydronium ion
H+ lose H+
Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor)
O2-
H+
H+
+
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg
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Range and Color Changes of SomeCommon Acid-Base Indicators
Indicators
pH Scale1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow
Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow
Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue
Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow
Phenolphthalein colorless 8.0 10.0 red colorless beyond 13.0
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Range and Color Changes of SomeCommon Acid-Base Indicators
Indicators
pH Scale1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow
Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow
Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue
Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow
Phenolphthalein colorless 8.0 10.0 red colorless beyond 13.0
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pH Paper
pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH Paper
pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH Paper
pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH Paper
pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
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Neutralization of Bug Bites
Wasp - stings with base
(neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar)
Red Ant - bites with acid
(neutralize with baking soda)
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StrengthStrength
Strong Acid/BaseStrong Acid/Base• 100% ionized in water• strong electrolyte
- +
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
HBr
HI
HClO4
NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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StrengthStrength
Weak Acid/BaseWeak Acid/Base• does not ionize completely• weak electrolyte
- +
HF
CH3COOH
H3PO4
H2CO3
HCN
NH3
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Page 20: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ionization of WaterIonization of Water
H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH-
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 10-14
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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Why is pure water pH = 7?Why is pure water pH = 7?
1 in 500,000,000 water molecules will autoionize.
H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH1-
This yields a hydronium ion concentration of 1 x 10-7 M H3O+ per liter of solution
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log[1 x 10-7] or pH = 7
![Page 22: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HH
OHH
HH
HHO
HH1-
1+
HHO
HH
HH
O HH
HH
OHH
HH O
HH
O
HH
HH
HH
O
HH
![Page 23: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ionization of WaterIonization of Water
Find the hydroxide ion concentration of 3.0 10-2 M HCl.
[H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 10-14
[3.0 10-2][OH-] = 1.0 10-14
[OH-] = 3.3 10-13 M
Acidic or basic?AcidicCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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pH = -log[H3O+]
pH ScalepH Scale
0
7INCREASING
ACIDITY NEUTRALINCREASING
BASICITY
14
pouvoir hydrogène (Fr.)“hydrogen power”
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Page 25: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
pH ScalepH Scale
pH = -log[H3O+]
pOH = -log[OH-]
pH + pOH = 14
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Page 26: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
pH ScalepH Scale
What is the pH of 0.050 M HNO3?
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log[0.050]
pH = 1.3
Acidic or basic?Acidic
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Page 27: Swimming Pool. Review Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649dc55503460f94ab8532/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
pH ScalepH Scale
What is the molarity of HBr in a solution that has a pOH of 9.6?
pH + pOH = 14
pH + 9.6 = 14
pH = 4.4
Acidic
pH = -log[H3O+]
4.4 = -log[H3O+]
-4.4 = log[H3O+]
[H3O+] = 4.0 10-5 M HBrCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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Resources - Acids and Bases
Objectives
Worksheet - vocabulary
Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations - pH and pOH calculations
Worksheet - practice problems (key)
Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium
Worksheet - weak acid, pKWorksheet - weak acid, pKaa
Article - aspirinArticle - aspirin
Lab - synthesis of aspirin
Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration
Outline ((general)
Video (VHS) - future of the past
Outline - Outline -
Worksheet - Worksheet -
Worksheet - Worksheet -
Worksheet - Worksheet -
Worksheet - Worksheet -
Lab - titrationLab - titration
Textbook - questionsTextbook - questions
Episode 16 – The Proton in Chemistry