SWIMMING POOL HANDBOOK

Purifying your tomorrow

Chlorinating Granules

SWIMMING POOL

HANDBOOK

2 www.jalaquainternational.com

CONTENTS

1. Primary pool data. (pg. 3)

i. Calculating the pool dimensions and its volume

ii. Testing the pool water.

2. Ideal pool water chemistry. (pg. 5)

i. Understanding chlorination.

3. Aquatick product details. (pg. 6)

i. Product specifications and features

ii. Stepwise chlorinating process using Aquatick

4. Defining and balancing pool chemistry (pg.9)

i. Defining pH values and its balancing.

ii. Defining total alkalinity and its balancing.

iii. Defining Calcium hardness and its balancing.

iv. Defining Cyanuric acid stabilizer.

5. Chemical handling and safety. (pg. 13)

i. Hazards identification

ii. First aid measures (symptoms)

iii. First aid measures (action)

iv. Fire-fighting measures

v. Accidental release measures

vi. Handling and storage.

vii. Exposure control/ personal protection.

viii. Disposal considerations.


Average height H =A + B

2

PRIMARY POOL DATA

This handbook is a complete guide to keep the swimming pool water healthy. All the necessary

steps involved in maintaining and improving the pool water conditions are listed in this guide. It is

designed considering the pool knowledge spectrum of a new pool owner. So, this handbook is very easy

to understand, and the steps are equally easy to implement.

i. Calculating the pool dimensions and its volume.

Calculating the total volume of water present in your pool is the preliminary step to evaluate the

accurate chemical dosage required for treatment. Firstly, Record the pool dimensions as per the pool

shape in feet. Some basic examples are shown below:

Swimming pool shapes

Top view: Common section view:

Note: The cross-sectional pool view is considered similar for all the designs. Hence, the average

height of the pool is ‘H’. All the parameters i.e. Length (A), Width (B) and Average Height (H) are

measured in feet

Steps involved to calculate the volume of water for different shapes

Step 1) Calculate the ‘Cubical volume (Vol)’.

𝐶𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙 = 𝐴 × 𝐵 × 𝐻 𝑓𝑡3


Figure 1 swimming pool test kit

Note: for square pools and perfectly rounded swimming pool, let A = B, while calculating the

‘Vol’.

Step 2) Once the ‘Cubical volume (vol)’ is calculated, see the table below. Depending on the shape of your pool

calculate the volume of water (gallons/ liters/cubic meters) by multiplying the ‘Cubical volume (vol)’ with the

respective constants from the table.

Hence, the volume of water in your pool is __________________

ii. Testing the pool water

After calculating the volume of the water, you need to record the persisting chlorine value, pH

value, alkalinity and calcium hardness of the pool water. Use a good test kit from the market to get

accurate results.

Note: Every alternate day pool testing is necessary to maintain the optimum pool water

parameters intact. If the pool is used daily, it is necessary to test the pool water every day

irrespective of the pool being in use or not.

Available chlorine: ___________________

pH value: ___________________________

alkalinity: ___________________________

calcium hardness: ____________________

Gallons Liters Cubic meters

Rectangular shaped Vol x 6.23 Vol x 28.23 Vol x 0.028

Oval shaped Vol x 4.9 Vol x 22.23 Vol x 0.022

Kidney shaped Vol x 5.3 Vol x 24.06 Vol x 0.024


Ideal pool water chemistry. When you think of a swimming pool, the first thing that strikes your mind is crystal clear water. To get the

party started, the quality of water is of utmost importance in a swimming pool. So, our primary goal is to attain

clean hygienic water and maintain it over a period. The following parameters should be met to have to the perfect

see-through perfect water condition:

Available chlorine value: 1-4 mg/L ppm.

pH water: 7.2 – 7.6

Alkalinity: 80 -120 mg/L

Calcium hardness: It should be above 175mg/L (ppm) for lined pool and 250Mg/L (ppm) for tiled pool.

i. Understanding chlorination:

Owing a swimming pool and maintaining it regularly is not a tough job unless you fully understand the

science affecting the water conditions of the pool. The following concepts will help you grasp a complete

background knowledge necessary to fulfill the purpose.

Available chlorine

It is the amount of free chlorine available in the pool. Once the chlorination is done using Aquatick calcium

hypochlorite granules, chlorine ppm increases in the swimming pool. Thereafter, chlorine starts eliminating the

impurities by oxidizing the micro-organisms (impurities) thus, it starts getting utilized. When all the impurities are

eliminated, the extra free chlorine present in the pool is known as the available chlorine in the pool.

Available chlorine should always be between 1-4 mg/l (ppm). Below 1 ppm, free chlorine is inadequate to eliminate

bacteria, algae and other micro-organisms. Lower ppm can lead to cloudy water and it can lead to Recreational

Water Illnesses (RWIs) to the swimmers. On the other hand, if it is above 4 ppm, there will be access free chlorine

available in the pool water. This can cause irritation in the diver’s eyes.

Note: Recreational Water illness caused by chloramines involves wide variety of infections that

can be transmitted through impure water. Such as, Diarrheal illness, Rashes, Ear infection,

Respiratory infection and chemical infection in eyes. These can occur through the presence of

sweat, urine and stool of the swimmers.


Figure 3 AQUATICK Calcium hypochlorite granular size i.e. 1mm

Figure 2 AQUATICK Calcium hypochlorite granules

PRODUCT DETAILS Learning about the products is crucial for having a good judgment of its effects on the water, our un-

stabilized 70% purity calcium hypochlorite is the most critical and mandatory treatment product to achieve crystal

clear pools. Our single, high strength product can solve 5 major pool problems at once. Aquatick is very easy to use

and requires considerably less storage space than other standard chlorinators. With a little bit of care and product

knowledge, one can easily work out how to use it.

The major effects of Aquatick on the swimming pool are:

▪ Moderate dissolution and instant action: The calcium hypochlorite granules start dissolving in the pool as

soon as it is added, and this starts the chlorinating process in the pool right away. This way, the pollutants

present in the pool are instantly broken down.

▪ Odor control: Pungent odor caused by chloramines is controlled by Aquatick.

▪ Killing action: Chlorination kills bacteria, fungus and microorganism that pollutes the water. It can be used to

sanitize the pool water and the pool surfaces.

▪ Stabilizer free: Aquatick is stabilizer free, hence there is no chlorine lockdown in the pool. Being stabilizer free

Aquatick can super chlorinate the pool (more than 10 ppm) to create instant killing actions and then after

excessive chlorine can be evaporated from the pool through sunlight. Incase if chlorine lockdown is necessary,

stabilizers can always be added externally to the pool. (For indoor pool, super chlorination should be done at

night when the pool is not in use)

▪ Crystal clear: for clean water, use Aquatick a night before to attain crystal clear water.


FEATURES

• Chemical formula : Ca(OCl)2

• Molecular weight : 143

• Appearance : White granular

• Standard : GB/T10666-2008

• CAS number : 7778-54-3

i. Product Specification and features:

SPECIFICATIONS Calcium hypochlorite 65%

(sodium process)

Calcium hypochlorite 70%

(sodium process)

Active chlorine content % 65% min 70% min

Moisture content % 5.5% -10% 5.5% -10%

Granular (14-50 meshes) 90% min 90% min

Insolubility% 5% max 3% max

pH (aqueous solution 5%) 11-12 11-12

Figure 4 packaged Calcium hypochlorite granules

Figure 6 Option 2: 45-50 kg packaging drum Figure 5 Option 1: 45-50 kg packaging drum


ii. Stepwise chlorination process using

Aquatick is a powerful super-chlorinator for water. It purifies, sanitizes and disinfects the swimming pool

water. Aquatick chlorinating granules consists of 65-70% of available chlorine. The step by step method to chlorinate

your pool water and maintain the free chlorine value in the pool is as follows:

1. Super-chlorination: The newly filled pool should be shock treated with 10-20 ounces (283-567 grams) of

Aquatick for every 10,000 gallons (37,854 liters) of water. This will yield 5 to 10 ppm of available Chlorine by

weight.

2. Testing: Confirm the level of chlorine presence using a test kit after the shock treatment. Adjust and retain the

pool pH level between 7.2 and 7.6. Also, Test the chlorine level after 24 hours of super chlorination to

understand further periodic maintenance.

3. Periodic maintenance: Everyday use 2.5 ounces (70 grams) of Aquatick for every 10,000 gallons (37,854 liters)

of water. This will yield 1.0 ppm of chlorine residual by weight.

4. Results: stabilized pool should maintain a yield of 1.0 to 1.5 ppm of free chlorine by weight. Keep track on the

pool water’s pH levels, ppm of chlorine residual yield and alkalinity of the pool using an appropriate test kit.

Further, following week’s treatment cycle.

1. After every 7 days or as per necessity, Super-chlorinate the pool again with 10-20 ounces (283-567 grams) of

CHLORA for every 10,000 gallons (37,854 liters) of water and yield 5 to 10 ppm of available Chlorine by weight.

2. Confirm the level of chlorine presence using a test kit.

3. Use the swimming pool only if the yield is between 1.0 to 3.0 ppm of the chlorine residual. DO NOT use the pool

otherwise.

Note: The frequency of chlorination will depend on the number of swimmers and pool water

temperature. If the pool is extensively used, test the water every day and chlorinate during the night.

The quantity of Aquatick used can slightly vary based on the quality of water. Hence, prioritize to

maintain 1.0 -1.5 ppm of free chlorine.

• If you want to prevent the chlorine loss through sunlight, chlorination should be conducted at

night. This way, chlorine can stay longer in the pool.

Note: Do not chlorinate the pool 24 hours prior the discharge. Don’t drain water with chlorine residues

present in it.

▪ Chloramines: Alongside bacteria, viruses and algae, swimming pool contains chloramines that can be

controlled using Aquatick. Increased in chloramine levels can cause eye irritation and releases a very

strong pungent chlorine smell. Chloramines are formed when free chlorine reacts with nitrogen

present in soap, swat, urine, cosmetics and stool. Super chlorination is the best method to get rid of it.


Defining and balancing pool chemistry

As discussed earlier, when it comes to total pool care it is vital to achieve a specific range values for pH,

total alkalinity, calcium hardness and cyanuric stabilizers in the pool water for optimum pool chlorination.

Comprehensive descriptions of these terms, their range (ppm) and directions to achieve that balance is presented in

the following section.

i. Defining pH values and its balancing.

Definition: In chemistry, pH values are used to measure the extend of acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of the water. In

swimming pool chemistry, these values greatly affect the chemical reaction in the pool. The pH scale has values

ranging from 0 to 14. Where, acidity increases from 7 to 0 (0 being the most acidic) and alkalinity increases from 7

to 14 (14 being the most basic) and 7 is considered neutral.

Optimum values: Ideally the pool pH should range between 7.2 to 8. (recommended 7.4 - 7.6).

Balancing: on condition that the pH is not in the recommended range, oxidizing the organic matter becomes difficult

and chlorine loses its efficiency in killing the microorganisms. If the pool pH is above 8 (basic), the water will turn

cloudy and minerals in the pool will start precipitating. Whenever if the pH is below 7 (acidic), it will cause irritation

in the eyes and mucous membrane of the swimmers. Even the metal parts in the pool will start to corrode and

plaster will come off.

To reduce the pH, use dry muriatic (hydrochloric) acid and to increase the pH, sodium carbonate (soda ash)

must be added to the pool water. Both these chemicals should firstly be diluted in a bucket filled with pool water

and then are evenly distributed throughout the pool (try avoiding contact with skimmers). Keep the pool water

circulation on.

Figure 7 pH scale


ii. Defining total alkalinity and its balancing.

Definition: It is the amount of total basic substance present in the swimming pool, it is measured in mg/l (ppm).

Basic substances include carbonates, bi-carbonates and hydroxides. It can be defined as the water’s capacity to

withstand the change in pH.

Optimum values: Alkalinity should range between 80-120 mg/l (ppm).

Balancing: It is vital to stay in the recommended range of alkalinity because, low alkalinity (below 80 mg/l) can cause

rapid fluctuation in the pH values and high alkalinity (above 120 mg/l) can make it difficult to adjust the pH back to

normal, this can also make the solution buffered. It is recommended to test alkalinity of the pool on monthly basis.

Low alkalinity can be treated using sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), 1- 1/2 pounds (220-450 grams) of it

can increase 10 ppm of alkalinity per 10,000 gallons (37854 liters) of water. Dissolve it into a clean plastic bucket

and spread it evenly into the pool. Add dry hydrochloric acid incase the alkalinity is too high.

Figure 8 Girl relaxing in a clean pool


Figure 9 scales formation on the pool wall to fulfill water calcium requirment..

iii. Defining Calcium hardness and its balancing.

Definition: It is defined as the amount of Calcium and magnesium present in the water. All the extra undissolved

calcium present in the pool can account for calcium hardness.

Optimum values: Above 180mg/l (ppm) and 250 mg/l (ppm) for liner pools and tiled pools respectively and below

950 mg/l (ppm).

Balance: If there is inadequate calcium, water will fulfil its needs from the cementitious materials in the pool (floor,

side walls). Under high alkalinity medium, calcium can precipitate from the water forming scales in the pipes/fittings.

Alongside, turning the water cloudy. So, the right calcium balance is necessary.

Low calcium hardness can be treated using calcium chloride, add 1 kg per 10,000 gallons (37854 liters) per day of it

to increase calcium levels in the pool. Repeat until the desired 175 mg/l of is reached.

Note: Add the flakes directly into the water. As it releases heat upon mixing with water, do not

premix it in a bucket. Avoid it near the skimmers.


Figure 10 Cyanuric acid stabilizers

iv. Defining Cyanuric acid stabilizer.

Definition: The ultraviolet rays of the sun can remove the free chlorine from any outdoor swimming pools. To

protect chlorine from disappearing, it is necessary to add stabilizer in the swimming pool. Cyanuric acid when added

in suitable quantity acts as a perfect sanitizer for the pools. It can reduce the decomposition of chlorine from thee

pool.

Optimum values: levels ranging from 20 – 40 ppm are stated to be most effective levels. Avoid using the pool if it is

above 100 ppm.

Balance: if the levels are too high in the pool, half of the pool needs to be emptied and replaced with fresh water.

After doing so, use an appropriate test kit to measure its level in the pool.

The stabilizing effects of cyanuric acid does not increase with the increase in its ppm value. Instead, above 100 ppm,

cyanuric acid locks in chlorine and does not allow it to kill the micro-organisms and fulfill its purpose.

This product is effective when using un-stabilized calcium hypochlorite, Aquatick is also un-stabilized.

Hence, cyanuric acid can be considered very useful to protect free chlorine from disappearing during sunlight.


Chemical pool safety

Hazards identification

• Contact with combustible material may cause fire.

• It can cause burns.

• Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

• Harmful if swallowed.

• Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.

First aid measures (symptoms)

• Skin contact: There will be irritation and redness at the site of contact.

• Eye contact: There will be severe pain, redness and irritation.

• Ingestion: There will be nausea and vomiting, occasionally with abdominal pain.

• Inhalation: Mild poisoning causes a cough. Irritation of the throat and shortness of breath. Congestion of

the lungs may occur causing severe shortness of breath.

First aid measures (action)

• Skin contact: Remove all contaminated clothes and footwear immediately unless stuck to skin. Drench the

affected skin with running water for 10 minutes or longer if substance is still on skin. If there is any

irritation obtain medical attention.

• Eye contact: Bathe the eye with running water for 15 minutes. Consult a doctor.

• Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. If conscious, drink plenty of water and seek

medical advice immediately.

• Inhalation: Remove casualty from exposure ensuring one's own safety whilst doing so. If unconscious and

breathing is OK, place in the recovery position. Transfer to hospital as soon as possible.


Fire-fighting measures

• Extinguishing media: Water spray. Use water spray to cool containers. (Dry chemical powders containing

ammonium compounds should NOT be used.)

• Exposure hazards: Reacts with water to form chlorine gas

• Protection Of fire-fighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. [Wear protective clothing to prevent

contact with skin and eyes]

Accidental release measures

• Personal protection: Do not create dust. Mark out the contaminated area with a sign and prevent the

access to unauthorized personnel. Eliminate all the sources of ignition.

• Environmental precautions: do not discharge into drains or rivers. Alert the neighborhood to prevent the

presence of fumes and gas

• Clean up procedure: do not allow to entre surface water course. The creation and inhalation of dust must

be avoided. Do not use equipment in clean up procedure which may produce spark. Sweep up split

material in suitable contains for waste recovery or waste disposal. Do not use sawdust or any material

which may be oxidized.

Handling and storage.

• Handling requirements: ensure that there is enough ventilation in the place. Avoid direct contact with the

substance. Avoid the formation or spread of dust in the air. Smoking is forbidden. Use non -sparkling tools.

• Storage conditions: avoid incompatible materials and conditions- see section 10 of SDS. Keep away from

flammable and combustible materials. Store in cool, dry and well-ventilated area, keep the containers

closely tight.

• Suitable packaging: containers must be clean and free from organic residues.


Figure 11 Giirl relaxing by a clean pool

Exposure control/ personal protection.

• Engineering measure: Ensure there is sufficient local exhaust ventilation.

• Respiratory protection: Dust mask recommended.

• Hand protection: Use protective gloves

• Eye protection: Safety goggles or face-shield. Ensue eye bath is to hand.

• Skin protection: Wear appropriate clothing to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact. Ensure safety

shower is to hand.

Disposal considerations.

• Disposal operations: do not discharge concentrated material into sewer. Do not mix with acids or

chlorinated isocyanates.

• Disposal of packaging: All the residues must be removed from the packaging prior to disposal as controlled

waste.


Plot 620, Road No. 6, Besides PETL, GIDC Panoli,

Gujarat, India, - 394115

Website: www.jalaquainternational.com

Mobile contact: +91 8999933338 / +91 7043344979

Email address: [email protected]

SWIMMING POOL HANDBOOK

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